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A2 adjective 15 دقيقة للقراءة

canceroso

أمثلة
الشرح canceroso in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'canceroso' often, as it is a specific medical term. However, you should recognize its root 'câncer', which is the same in English and Portuguese. You might learn it when talking about health and parts of the body. The most important thing to know is that it is an adjective, so it describes a noun. For example, if you see 'tumor canceroso', you can guess it means 'cancerous tumor'. At this stage, just focus on the fact that '-oso' at the end of a word often makes it an adjective, similar to '-ous' in English. You should also notice that it changes to 'cancerosa' if the word it describes is feminine, like 'célula' (cell). This is a basic rule of Portuguese grammar that you will apply to many words. Don't worry about the complex medical details yet; just see it as a word related to a serious illness.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the A2 level, you are building a more functional vocabulary for daily life, including health. You should be able to use 'canceroso' to describe a medical condition in a simple way. You will learn that it follows the noun it modifies, such as in 'um sinal canceroso' (a cancerous sign). You should also be aware of the feminine form 'cancerosa' and the plural forms 'cancerosos' and 'cancerosas'. At this level, you might use the word when explaining a doctor's visit or reading a simple health article. It is also important to distinguish it from 'canceriano', which is someone's zodiac sign. Remember that 'canceroso' is only for the disease. You might also start to see synonyms like 'maligno', but 'canceroso' is very useful because it is so similar to the English 'cancerous', making it easy to remember and use correctly in basic sentences.
By the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'canceroso' in more detailed discussions about health and social issues. You can use it to describe the characteristics of a disease or the results of a medical test. You should understand the difference between 'canceroso' (the state of being cancerous) and 'cancerígeno' (something that causes cancer). For example, you can say 'O fumo é cancerígeno e pode causar tumores cancerosos'. You will also encounter 'canceroso' in news reports or documentaries. Your understanding of adjective agreement should be solid, and you should be able to use the word in different positions within a sentence, such as after the verb 'ser'. You are also starting to recognize the emotional weight of the word and might use it with more sensitivity when talking to others about their health or the health of their relatives.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'canceroso' with precision and in more formal contexts. You should be aware that while 'canceroso' is correct, professional medical discourse often prefers 'maligno'. You can discuss the nuances of a diagnosis, such as whether a 'massa' (mass) is 'cancerosa' or 'benigna'. You might also use the word in metaphorical contexts, though you should do so carefully. Your reading skills will allow you to understand medical brochures or more technical health articles where 'canceroso' appears alongside terms like 'metástase' or 'quimioterapia'. You can also form complex sentences, such as 'Embora o tecido parecesse canceroso, a biópsia foi inconclusiva'. This level requires you to not only know the word but to understand its place within a wider medical and scientific vocabulary in Portuguese.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the C1 level, your use of 'canceroso' should be indistinguishable from that of a native speaker. You understand the stylistic differences between 'canceroso', 'maligno', 'neoplásico', and 'oncológico'. You can use the word in academic writing, professional medical discussions, or high-level social commentary. You are familiar with the history of the word and its Latin roots. You can also detect subtle nuances in how the word is used in literature to evoke certain feelings or imagery. In a professional setting, you might use 'canceroso' to explain complex biological processes to a layperson, while switching to 'maligno' or 'carcinomatoso' when speaking with colleagues. You are also fully aware of the cultural sensitivities surrounding the word in different Lusophone countries and can navigate these conversations with ease and empathy.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'canceroso' and all its related forms. You can use it in highly specialized medical research, legal documents, or complex philosophical debates about health and mortality. You understand the rarest metaphorical uses and can even play with the word in creative writing. You are aware of regional variations in pronunciation and usage across the Portuguese-speaking world, from Brazil to Angola to Portugal. You can critique medical texts for their use of terminology and provide expert translations that capture the exact tone and technicality of the original. For you, 'canceroso' is not just a vocabulary word, but a tool used with extreme precision within the vast and complex structure of the Portuguese language.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
أمثلة
The Portuguese word canceroso is an adjective derived from the noun 'câncer'. Its primary function is to describe something that is either related to cancer or, more commonly, affected by the disease. In a clinical or biological context, it is used to characterize tissues, cells, or growths that exhibit the properties of a malignancy. For an English speaker, the transition is quite intuitive because it shares the same Latin root as the English word 'cancerous'. However, while the English term is frequently used, the Portuguese term 'canceroso' is often supplemented or replaced by the word 'maligno' (malignant) or 'oncológico' (oncological) in professional medical settings to provide a more specific or less stigmatized description. The word follows the standard rules for Portuguese adjectives ending in '-o', meaning it must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies. Thus, you will see 'canceroso' for masculine singular nouns, 'cancerosa' for feminine singular nouns, 'cancerosos' for masculine plural, and 'cancerosas' for feminine plural. This agreement is vital for grammatical correctness. For example, when describing a tumor (o tumor), we use the masculine form: o tumor canceroso. Conversely, when describing a cell (a célula), we use the feminine form: a célula cancerosa.
Medical Context
In pathology reports, 'canceroso' identifies the presence of abnormal cell growth that is invasive.
Beyond the literal medical definition, 'canceroso' can occasionally be used figuratively in Portuguese, much like in English, to describe something that spreads destructively or is deeply harmful within a system, though this is less common than in English. For instance, one might hear of a 'comportamento canceroso' (cancerous behavior) within an organization, referring to something that is toxic and spreading. However, learners should be cautious with this metaphorical use, as it can be perceived as highly sensitive or insensitive depending on the audience. In most daily interactions, the word remains firmly rooted in health and medicine. It is a word that carries significant emotional weight, so its use is typically serious and precise. In the Lusophone world, particularly in Brazil and Portugal, discussing health is common, but 'canceroso' is a term usually reserved for the diagnosis itself or the description of the disease's physical manifestations.

O patologista identificou o tecido canceroso na biópsia.

Understanding the nuance between 'canceroso' and 'carcinogênico' is also essential. While 'canceroso' describes the state of having cancer, 'carcinogênico' (carcinogenic) describes something that *causes* cancer, such as tobacco or certain chemicals. Confusing these two is a common error for learners. When you are at an A2 level, you might not use this word every day, but you will certainly encounter it in news articles about health, in medical dramas, or when discussing family history with a doctor. It is a foundational piece of medical vocabulary that allows for clear communication regarding one of the most significant health challenges in the modern world. The word's structure is also a great example of how Portuguese builds adjectives from nouns using the '-oso' suffix, which often implies 'full of' or 'characterized by', similar to the '-ous' suffix in English words like 'joyous' or 'porous'. In summary, 'canceroso' is a precise, formal, and medically descriptive adjective. It is used to qualify nouns related to the biological presence of malignancy. Its usage requires careful attention to grammatical agreement and an awareness of the word's heavy emotional and clinical implications. As you progress in Portuguese, you will find that while 'canceroso' is the direct translation of 'cancerous', the Portuguese language often prefers 'maligno' in professional diagnoses, making 'canceroso' a slightly more descriptive or general term used by the public and in certain types of scientific literature.
Biological Classification
Used to categorize tumors into 'benignos' (benign) or 'cancerosos/malignos' (cancerous/malignant).

A radiação pode transformar células normais em células cancerosas.

Using canceroso correctly in Portuguese requires a firm grasp of adjective placement and noun-adjective agreement. In Portuguese, adjectives almost always follow the noun they modify, especially when they provide a specific, distinguishing characteristic like a medical condition. Therefore, you would say 'um tumor canceroso' rather than 'um canceroso tumor'. This placement emphasizes the classification of the noun. If you were to place it before the noun (which is rare for this specific word), it would sound highly poetic or archaic, which is generally avoided in medical or standard communication. The most critical aspect for an English speaker to master is the gender inflection. Because 'câncer' itself is a masculine noun, the adjective defaults to the masculine 'canceroso'. However, the nouns it modifies are often feminine, such as 'massa' (mass), 'célula' (cell), or 'mancha' (spot/stain on the skin).
Masculine Singular
Example: O crescimento canceroso foi detectado cedo. (The cancerous growth was detected early.)
Feminine Singular
Example: Ela tem uma lesão cancerosa na pele. (She has a cancerous lesion on her skin.)
When dealing with plurals, simply add an 's' to the end of the gendered form. 'Os tumores cancerosos' (the cancerous tumors) or 'As células cancerosas' (the cancerous cells). It is also important to note that 'canceroso' is an absolute adjective in most contexts; something is either cancerous or it is not. However, in scientific discussion, one might use modifiers like 'altamente canceroso' (highly cancerous) to describe the aggressiveness of the cells. In these cases, the adverb 'altamente' remains invariable, while 'canceroso' continues to agree with the noun. Another common structure involves using the verb 'ser' (to be) to attribute the quality to a subject: 'O tumor é canceroso.' (The tumor is cancerous.) This is a permanent or inherent characteristic in the context of the diagnosis, which is why 'ser' is used instead of 'estar' (to be temporarily).

Muitas vezes, um pólipo não é canceroso, mas deve ser removido.

In more complex sentences, 'canceroso' might be part of a prepositional phrase or a subordinate clause. For example: 'A análise do tecido que parece canceroso levará três dias.' (The analysis of the tissue that looks cancerous will take three days.) Here, the adjective agrees with 'tecido' (masculine singular). It is also worth noting that in Portuguese, we often use the preposition 'de' (of) to create descriptive phrases instead of using the adjective. Instead of 'célula cancerosa', a doctor might say 'célula de câncer'. Both are correct, but 'célula cancerosa' is more technically precise as an adjective-noun pair. For learners, practicing these variations helps in understanding medical reports or health-related news in Portuguese-speaking countries.

As biópsias confirmaram que os nódulos eram cancerosos.

Finally, let's look at the negative or comparative forms. To say 'non-cancerous', Portuguese typically uses 'não canceroso' or the more common medical term 'benigno'. Comparison is done using 'mais' (more) or 'menos' (less), though as mentioned, this is less common for a binary medical state. 'Este tumor parece mais canceroso do que o outro' (This tumor looks more cancerous than the other) might be said during a preliminary observation. Mastering these sentence structures ensures that you can communicate health information accurately and respectfully.
Plural Feminine
Example: As áreas cancerosas foram marcadas para a cirurgia. (The cancerous areas were marked for surgery.)

O exame não revelou nenhum sinal canceroso.

You are most likely to encounter the word canceroso in environments where health and biology are the primary topics of discussion. In Portuguese-speaking countries, this includes hospitals, clinics, university laboratories, and health-related media. If you are watching a Portuguese or Brazilian medical drama (like 'Sob Pressão'), you will hear doctors discussing 'tecidos cancerosos' or 'células cancerosas' during diagnosis scenes. In these contexts, the word is used with clinical precision. It is also a staple in news reporting, particularly in segments focused on medical breakthroughs, public health campaigns (like 'Outubro Rosa' for breast cancer awareness), or reports on the effects of carcinogens in the environment. For example, a news anchor might report on a new study about 'substâncias que tornam o tecido canceroso'.
In the Clinic
Doctors use it to explain biopsy results to patients, although 'maligno' is often preferred for its clinical tone.
In educational settings, such as high school biology classes or medical school lectures, 'canceroso' is used to describe the pathology of cells. Students learn about the 'ciclo celular canceroso' (cancerous cell cycle) and how mutations lead to 'crescimentos cancerosos'. If you read health magazines like 'Saúde' in Brazil, you will see the word in articles explaining how to identify 'sinais cancerosos' in moles or skin changes. It is also found in formal documents, such as medical records, insurance forms, and death certificates, where specific terminology is required for legal and statistical purposes. In these written forms, the word is often part of a larger diagnosis string, like 'neoplasia com caráter canceroso'.

O documentário explicou como o amianto cria um ambiente canceroso nos pulmões.

Beyond medicine, you might hear 'canceroso' in political or social commentary, though this is metaphorical and should be used with caution. A commentator might describe a 'sistema canceroso de corrupção' (a cancerous system of corruption), implying that the corruption is spreading and destroying the 'body' of the state. This usage is impactful but can be controversial. In literature, especially in contemporary fiction that deals with illness or mortality, authors use 'canceroso' to evoke the physical reality of the disease. It provides a stark, unvarnished description of the condition. For a learner, hearing this word in a conversation usually signals a serious turn in the topic, requiring a sympathetic and attentive response. Interestingly, in some informal Brazilian slang, 'canceroso' can very rarely be used to describe something very difficult, annoying, or 'toxic' (like a very hard video game level or a bad relationship), but this is extremely niche and not recommended for learners. Stick to the medical and descriptive meanings to ensure you are understood correctly. If you are in a pharmacy or a 'posto de saúde' (health post) in a Lusophone country, you might see brochures about 'prevenção de estados cancerosos'. In all these places, the word serves as a clear, unmistakable marker of the disease.
In Science News
'Cientistas descobrem nova forma de atacar o tecido canceroso sem danificar células saudáveis.'

Durante a palestra, o oncologista mostrou imagens de um pulmão canceroso.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when using canceroso is failing to adjust for gender agreement. In English, 'cancerous' is static; it doesn't matter if you are talking about a cell, a tumor, or tissues. In Portuguese, however, you must match the noun. Saying 'a célula canceroso' is a glaring error that immediately marks one as a beginner. It must be 'a célula cancerosa'. This applies to plurals as well. Always identify the gender of the noun first. Another common error is confusing 'canceroso' with 'carcinogênico'. While they are related, they describe different things. 'Canceroso' describes the *presence* of cancer, whereas 'carcinogênico' (or 'cancerígeno') describes something that *causes* cancer. You would say 'o cigarro é cancerígeno' (cigarettes are carcinogenic), but 'o tumor é canceroso' (the tumor is cancerous). Using 'canceroso' for a cause of cancer is logically incorrect in Portuguese.
Gender Mismatch
Incorrect: Uma massa canceroso. Correct: Uma massa cancerosa.
Another subtle mistake involves the register of the word. While 'canceroso' is correct, in a professional medical setting, doctors often prefer the word 'maligno'. Using 'canceroso' isn't wrong, but 'maligno' sounds more clinical and is the standard term in pathology reports. For example, instead of 'tumor canceroso', a doctor is more likely to write 'tumor maligno'. Learners should be aware of this preference to better understand professional medical communication. Furthermore, avoid using 'canceroso' to describe a person (e.g., 'ele é canceroso'). In Portuguese, this sounds very strange and potentially offensive. Instead, use the phrase 'ele tem câncer' (he has cancer) or 'ele é um paciente oncológico' (he is an oncological patient). The adjective 'canceroso' is for the disease's physical manifestations (tumors, cells, tissues), not the person suffering from it.

Não diga 'ele é um homem canceroso'; diga 'ele tem câncer'.

Phonetically, English speakers sometimes struggle with the pronunciation of the 'r' and the 's' in 'canceroso'. The 'r' is a single tap (like the 'tt' in 'better' in American English), and the 's' between two vowels sounds like a 'z'. Mispronouncing these can make the word hard to recognize. Additionally, some learners confuse 'canceroso' with 'canceriano', which refers to the zodiac sign Cancer. If you want to say someone is a 'Cancer' (born in June/July), the word is 'canceriano', never 'canceroso'. Telling someone 'você é canceroso' when you mean 'you are a Cancer' would be a very unfortunate and confusing mistake! Finally, be careful with the placement. While 'um canceroso tumor' is grammatically possible in very specific literary contexts, it is almost never used in speech. Adjectives that categorize or define a noun (like 'canceroso') almost always follow the noun. Reversing them sounds unnatural and can change the focus of the sentence in ways that might confuse a native speaker. By keeping these points in mind—gender agreement, correct register, logical application, and distinction from the zodiac—you will use 'canceroso' like a proficient speaker.
Confusion with 'Cancerígeno'
'Cancerígeno' causes it; 'canceroso' is the result of it. Don't call a cigarette 'canceroso'.

O resultado foi negativo para células cancerosas.

When discussing cancer in Portuguese, canceroso is just one of several terms you might use or hear. The most important alternative is 'maligno' (malignant). In medicine, tumors are generally classified as either 'benignos' (benign) or 'malignos'. While 'canceroso' is a perfectly valid synonym for 'maligno', the latter is the standard clinical term. If you are reading a biopsy report, you are much more likely to see 'neoplasia maligna' than 'neoplasia cancerosa'. 'Maligno' carries a sense of clinical objectivity and is the preferred term among healthcare professionals. Another related term is 'oncológico' (oncological). This adjective refers to the study or treatment of cancer. You would talk about an 'hospital oncológico' (oncology hospital) or a 'tratamento oncológico' (oncological treatment), but you wouldn't typically call a tumor 'oncológico'.
Maligno vs. Canceroso
'Maligno' is the professional medical term; 'canceroso' is more descriptive and common in general language.
As mentioned previously, 'cancerígeno' and 'carcinogênico' are often confused with 'canceroso'. These two words are synonyms and both mean 'carcinogenic' (something that causes cancer). For example, 'radiação ultravioleta é cancerígena' (UV radiation is carcinogenic). While they are related to the same disease, they describe the cause rather than the state. Another term you might encounter is 'neoplásico' (neoplastic). A 'neoplasia' is a new and abnormal growth of tissue, which can be either benign or malignant. Therefore, 'neoplásico' is a broader term that includes 'canceroso' but is not limited to it. In scientific papers, you might also see 'carcinomatoso', which specifically refers to carcinomas, a type of cancer that starts in epithelial tissues.

O médico explicou a diferença entre um tumor benigno e um canceroso.

In terms of antonyms, 'benigno' is the most direct opposite. A 'tumor benigno' is one that does not spread and is not cancerous. You could also use 'saudável' (healthy) to describe tissue that is free of cancer. For example, 'o cirurgião removeu a parte cancerosa e preservou o tecido saudável'. Knowing these distinctions helps you navigate medical conversations more effectively. It also allows you to choose the word that best fits the context—whether you want to sound like a doctor ('maligno'), a scientist ('neoplásico'), or a regular person discussing a serious health issue ('canceroso'). Furthermore, the word 'tumoral' is sometimes used as a general adjective related to tumors. While not all tumors are cancerous, 'massa tumoral' is a common way to describe a growth before its nature (benign or cancerous) is determined. Once the nature is known, it becomes either a 'massa benigna' or a 'massa cancerosa'. Understanding this vocabulary 'family' provides a comprehensive toolkit for discussing oncology in Portuguese. It also highlights the richness of the language in providing specific terms for different levels of clinical and general discourse.
Cancerígeno vs. Carcinogênico
These are interchangeable synonyms meaning 'cancer-causing'. 'Cancerígeno' is slightly more common in Brazil.

A biópsia é necessária para determinar se o nódulo é benigno ou canceroso.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

أمثلة حسب المستوى

1

O médico viu um tumor canceroso.

The doctor saw a cancerous tumor.

Tumor is masculine, so we use 'canceroso'.

2

Esta célula é cancerosa.

This cell is cancerous.

Célula is feminine, so we use 'cancerosa'.

3

Eles têm tecidos cancerosos.

They have cancerous tissues.

Tecidos is masculine plural, so we use 'cancerosos'.

4

O sinal na pele não é canceroso.

The mark on the skin is not cancerous.

Sinal is masculine, so we use 'canceroso'.

5

Existem massas cancerosas?

Are there cancerous masses?

Massas is feminine plural, so we use 'cancerosas'.

6

O exame diz: tumor canceroso.

The exam says: cancerous tumor.

Simple noun-adjective phrase.

7

A biópsia mostrou tecido canceroso.

The biopsy showed cancerous tissue.

Tecido is masculine singular.

8

Células cancerosas crescem rápido.

Cancerous cells grow fast.

Subject-adjective agreement with 'células'.

1

O médico confirmou que o nódulo é canceroso.

The doctor confirmed that the lump is cancerous.

Use of the verb 'ser' to attribute a quality.

2

Ela removeu uma mancha cancerosa do braço.

She removed a cancerous spot from her arm.

Adjective follows the feminine noun 'mancha'.

3

É importante detectar o estado canceroso cedo.

It is important to detect the cancerous state early.

'Estado' is the noun being modified.

4

Os resultados mostraram pólipos cancerosos.

The results showed cancerous polyps.

Plural masculine agreement.

5

Não se preocupe, o tumor não é canceroso.

Don't worry, the tumor is not cancerous.

Negative sentence using 'não'.

6

O laboratório analisa tecidos cancerosos todos os dias.

The lab analyzes cancerous tissues every day.

Adjective modifying the object 'tecidos'.

7

Você viu o relatório sobre a célula cancerosa?

Did you see the report about the cancerous cell?

Question form with a feminine noun.

8

A cirurgia removeu toda a área cancerosa.

The surgery removed the entire cancerous area.

'Área' is feminine singular.

1

A radiação pode transformar uma célula normal em uma cancerosa.

Radiation can transform a normal cell into a cancerous one.

The noun 'célula' is implied in the second part.

2

O fumo é um agente que causa crescimentos cancerosos.

Smoking is an agent that causes cancerous growths.

'Crescimentos' is plural masculine.

3

Muitas pessoas temem o diagnóstico de um tumor canceroso.

Many people fear the diagnosis of a cancerous tumor.

Use of 'de um' (of a) before the noun-adjective pair.

4

O patologista estuda a estrutura das células cancerosas.

The pathologist studies the structure of cancerous cells.

Genitive construction 'das células cancerosas'.

5

Se o sinal mudar de cor, pode ser canceroso.

If the spot changes color, it might be cancerous.

Conditional sentence with 'pode ser'.

6

O tratamento foca em destruir apenas o tecido canceroso.

The treatment focuses on destroying only the cancerous tissue.

Adverb 'apenas' modifying the noun phrase.

7

Existem vários tipos de lesões cancerosas na boca.

There are several types of cancerous lesions in the mouth.

'Lesões' is feminine plural.

8

O estudo ligou o produto químico a estados cancerosos em ratos.

The study linked the chemical to cancerous states in rats.

Plural masculine agreement with 'estados'.

1

A biópsia revelou uma proliferação cancerosa altamente agressiva.

The biopsy revealed a highly aggressive cancerous proliferation.

Multiple adjectives modifying 'proliferação'.

2

É vital distinguir entre um cisto benigno e um nódulo canceroso.

It is vital to distinguish between a benign cyst and a cancerous lump.

Contrast between 'benigno' and 'canceroso'.

3

O paciente apresenta várias áreas cancerosas nos pulmões.

The patient presents several cancerous areas in the lungs.

Verb 'apresentar' used in a clinical context.

4

A quimioterapia é usada para matar as células cancerosas remanescentes.

Chemotherapy is used to kill the remaining cancerous cells.

'Remanescentes' is another adjective modifying 'células'.

5

Pesquisas indicam que certas dietas podem prevenir o processo canceroso.

Research indicates that certain diets can prevent the cancerous process.

'Processo' is masculine singular.

6

O cirurgião deve garantir a remoção de toda a margem cancerosa.

The surgeon must ensure the removal of the entire cancerous margin.

'Margem' is feminine singular.

7

A mutação genética resultou em um desenvolvimento canceroso.

The genetic mutation resulted in a cancerous development.

'Desenvolvimento' is masculine singular.

8

Os médicos discutiram se o tumor era canceroso ou apenas inflamatório.

The doctors discussed whether the tumor was cancerous or just inflammatory.

Indirect question using 'se' (whether).

1

A natureza cancerosa da lesão foi confirmada por testes imuno-histoquímicos.

The cancerous nature of the lesion was confirmed by immunohistochemical tests.

Noun phrase 'A natureza cancerosa' (The cancerous nature).

2

O oncologista explicou o mecanismo pelo qual o tecido se torna canceroso.

The oncologist explained the mechanism by which the tissue becomes cancerous.

Relative clause 'pelo qual' (by which).

3

Houve uma rápida disseminação de células cancerosas pelo sistema linfático.

There was a rapid spread of cancerous cells through the lymphatic system.

Prepositional phrase 'pelo sistema linfático'.

4

A detecção precoce de focos cancerosos é a chave para a cura.

The early detection of cancerous foci is the key to the cure.

'Focos' is the plural of 'foco' (focus/spot).

5

O relatório patológico descreveu a massa como nitidamente cancerosa.

The pathological report described the mass as clearly cancerous.

Adverb 'nitidamente' (clearly) modifying the adjective.

6

Substâncias cancerosas no ambiente representam um risco para a saúde pública.

Cancerous substances in the environment pose a risk to public health.

Note: 'Cancerígenas' would be more common here, but 'cancerosas' is used for the state.

7

A terapia gênica visa reverter o fenótipo canceroso das células.

Gene therapy aims to reverse the cancerous phenotype of the cells.

Technical term 'fenótipo' (phenotype).

8

O debate ético sobre o tratamento de casos cancerosos terminais é complexo.

The ethical debate over the treatment of terminal cancerous cases is complex.

'Casos' is masculine plural.

1

A morfologia cancerosa era evidente mesmo em uma análise citológica preliminar.

The cancerous morphology was evident even in a preliminary cytological analysis.

Subject-adjective agreement with 'morfologia'.

2

O autor utiliza a metáfora de um sistema canceroso para descrever a decadência social.

The author uses the metaphor of a cancerous system to describe social decay.

Figurative use of the word.

3

A exacerbação do processo canceroso foi mitigada por novos protocolos de imunoterapia.

The exacerbation of the cancerous process was mitigated by new immunotherapy protocols.

Passive voice construction.

4

A microarquitetura do estroma canceroso influencia a progressão da doença.

The microarchitecture of the cancerous stroma influences disease progression.

Technical term 'estroma' (stroma) is masculine.

5

O diagnóstico diferencial entre processos inflamatórios e cancerosos é muitas vezes árduo.

The differential diagnosis between inflammatory and cancerous processes is often arduous.

Adjective modifying the noun 'processos'.

6

A epigenética desempenha um papel crucial na transição para o estado canceroso.

Epigenetics plays a crucial role in the transition to the cancerous state.

Use of 'transição para' (transition to).

7

Observou-se uma infiltração cancerosa nos tecidos adjacentes ao tumor primário.

A cancerous infiltration was observed in the tissues adjacent to the primary tumor.

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