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A2 adjective 7 دقيقة للقراءة

estragado

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح estragado في 30 ثانية
الشرح estragado in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'estragado' is understood primarily in the context of food that is no longer good to eat. Learners might encounter it when learning basic vocabulary related to groceries and meals. For example, they might see a picture of spoiled milk with the label 'leite estragado.' The concept is simple: bad food. Simple sentences like 'O iogurte está estragado' (The yogurt is spoiled) would be the focus. The main idea is to recognize that something is not edible due to spoilage. It's about identifying a state of being unfit for consumption, usually with a negative sensory implication like smell or taste.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the A2 level, learners can use 'estragado' to describe food that has gone bad and also begin to understand its use for simple broken objects. They can form basic sentences like 'A fruta está estragada' (The fruit is spoiled) or 'A minha caneta está estragada' (My pen is broken). The focus is on practical, everyday situations. They can express that something is no longer usable or good. This includes recognizing that spoiled food should not be eaten and that a broken item needs repair or replacement. The concept of 'spoiled' extends slightly beyond just food to simple, commonly used items.
For B1 learners, 'estragado' becomes more nuanced. They can use it confidently to describe spoiled food, broken electronics, and even ruined plans. They understand the grammatical agreement in gender and number ('estragado/estragada/estragados/estragadas'). They can express cause and effect, like 'A comida ficou estragada por causa do calor' (The food went bad because of the heat). They can also use it metaphorically, understanding sentences like 'O plano foi estragado' (The plan was ruined). The ability to use 'estragado' in a wider range of contexts, both literal and figurative, is key at this level.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the B2 level, learners can use 'estragado' with greater precision and in more complex sentence structures. They can distinguish between 'estragado,' 'podre,' and 'danificado' and choose the most appropriate word. They can discuss situations where something has been 'estragado' in a more abstract sense, such as a reputation or a relationship. They can also understand and use idiomatic expressions involving the concept of spoiling or ruining. For example, they might discuss how a particular decision 'estragou' a team's chances of winning. The emphasis is on sophisticated usage and understanding subtle differences in meaning.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
C1 learners will use 'estragado' with a high degree of fluency and accuracy. They can employ it in formal and informal registers, understanding its connotations and implications. They might use it to critique a flawed argument or a poorly executed plan, going beyond simple descriptions. They can also appreciate its use in literature or more complex discourse, understanding how it contributes to the overall tone and meaning. The focus is on mastering the word's full semantic range and its stylistic possibilities, including its use in nuanced figurative language.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the C2 level, 'estragado' is fully integrated into a speaker's lexicon. They use it with native-like intuition, understanding its subtle shades of meaning and its cultural implications. They can recognize and even create sophisticated wordplay or irony involving the term. They might use it in highly specialized contexts or in creative writing, demonstrating a complete mastery of its usage. The focus is on effortless and precise application, where the word is used not just correctly, but effectively and artfully.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

estragado في 30 ثانية

  • Food gone bad.
  • Things broken or not working.
  • Used for food, objects, and plans.
  • Adjective that changes form (gender/number).
Core Meaning
The primary meaning of 'estragado' refers to food or drink that has gone bad, typically due to spoilage, and is no longer safe or pleasant to consume. This can be caused by bacteria, mold, or simply by aging past its prime.
Beyond Food
While most commonly associated with food, 'estragado' can also describe things that are broken, damaged, or malfunctioning, indicating a loss of proper function or quality. This extends to objects, electronics, and even abstract concepts like plans or relationships when they have been ruined or spoiled.
Examples in Context
You'll hear 'estragado' used when someone discovers that milk has turned sour, that fruit has become moldy, or that a piece of technology has stopped working correctly. It implies a state of deterioration or ruin that renders something unusable or undesirable.

O leite está estragado.

My phone's screen is estragado.

A comida na geladeira ficou estragada depois da falta de energia.

Grammatical Note
'Estragado' is an adjective and must agree in gender and number with the noun it describes. So, for feminine singular, it's 'estragada', for masculine plural, 'estragados', and for feminine plural, 'estragadas'.
Describing Food
The most frequent use of 'estragado' is to describe food that has gone bad. This can range from slightly off to completely inedible. For example, 'O iogurte está estragado' means 'The yogurt is spoiled.' It's crucial to check food items, especially dairy, meat, and leftovers, for signs of spoilage. A strong, unpleasant smell is often a giveaway. The adjective agrees with the noun: 'As bananas estão estragadas' (The bananas are spoiled).
Describing Objects and Electronics
Beyond food, 'estragado' can describe anything that is broken or not working properly. If your phone stops functioning, you might say, 'Meu celular está estragado.' Similarly, a car that has broken down could be described as 'O carro está estragado.' This usage implies a state of damage or malfunction that prevents normal operation. The agreement applies here too: 'Os brinquedos estão estragados' (The toys are broken).
Describing Plans or Situations
'Estragado' can also be used metaphorically to describe plans that have been ruined or a situation that has gone wrong. If a sudden rainstorm cancels a picnic, you could say, 'O piquenique foi estragado pela chuva.' This implies that the original plan or situation has been damaged or spoiled, leading to a negative outcome. For instance, 'A surpresa foi estragada quando ele descobriu o presente' (The surprise was spoiled when he discovered the gift).
Using with Verbs
'Estragado' is often used with the verb 'estar' to indicate a current state of being spoiled or broken. For example, 'A sopa está estragada' (The soup is spoiled). It can also be used with 'ficar' to describe the process of becoming spoiled or broken: 'A fruta ficou estragada rapidamente' (The fruit went bad quickly). The verb 'estragar' itself means 'to spoil' or 'to ruin.'

Não coma isso, o pão está estragado.

O meu computador ficou estragado depois da queda.

In the Kitchen
The most common place to hear 'estragado' is in everyday conversations about food. You'll hear it in households when checking if milk, cheese, or leftovers are still good. 'Este frango está estragado?' (Is this chicken spoiled?) is a common question. Supermarket staff might also use it when removing expired products. It's a word used frequently when planning meals or deciding what to cook.
At the Repair Shop
When dealing with broken appliances, electronics, or vehicles, 'estragado' is the go-to term. A technician might say, 'O motor está estragado' (The engine is broken) or 'A tela está estragada' (The screen is broken). You'll hear it in conversations between customers and repair people, or when discussing a malfunctioning device with friends or family.
In Casual Conversation
Informally, 'estragado' can be used to describe plans that have been ruined or a situation that has gone awry. If a surprise party is accidentally revealed, someone might exclaim, 'A surpresa foi estragada!' (The surprise was spoiled!). It can also describe a person's mood if it's been negatively affected: 'Meu dia ficou estragado por causa do trânsito.' (My day got ruined because of the traffic.)
In Media and News
News reports might discuss spoiled crops due to weather ('as plantações ficaram estragadas') or faulty products recalled due to being 'estragados.' Consumer advocacy programs often highlight issues with products that are found to be defective or 'estragados' upon purchase.

Aquele peixe que compramos ontem já está estragado.

Levei o carro na oficina porque o motor está estragado.

Gender and Number Agreement
One of the most frequent errors is failing to make 'estragado' agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies. For example, saying 'o leite estragado' (masculine singular) is correct, but saying 'a banana estragado' is incorrect; it should be 'a banana estragada' (feminine singular). Similarly, for plural nouns, it should be 'os pães estragados' (masculine plural) and 'as frutas estragadas' (feminine plural). Always identify the gender and number of the noun first.
Confusing with 'Estragar'
Learners sometimes confuse the adjective 'estragado' with the verb 'estragar' (to spoil, to ruin). For instance, they might say 'A comida estragar' when they mean 'A comida está estragada' (The food is spoiled). Remember that 'estragado' is a descriptive word (adjective), while 'estragar' is an action word (verb).
Overuse in Non-Food Contexts
While 'estragado' can be used for broken items, learners might overuse it for things that are simply inconvenient or slightly problematic, rather than truly broken or spoiled. For minor issues, other words might be more appropriate. For example, if a plan is slightly delayed, it's not necessarily 'estragado,' but perhaps 'atrasado' (delayed) or 'complicado' (complicated).
Literal Translation
Attempting to directly translate English phrases might lead to awkward usage. For instance, in English, we might say 'my day is ruined.' While 'O meu dia foi estragado' is a valid translation, sometimes a more idiomatic Portuguese phrase might be preferred depending on the context, though 'estragado' is widely understood in this sense.

Incorrecto: O carro está estragado (when referring to a feminine car, 'a' carro).

Correcto: O carro está estragado (referring to 'o carro', masculine singular).

Podre
'Podre' is a strong synonym for 'estragado' when referring to food that has rotten or decomposed significantly. It implies a more advanced stage of spoilage, often with a very unpleasant smell and texture. While 'estragado' can mean simply 'off,' 'podre' means 'rotten.' Example: 'O peixe está podre.' (The fish is rotten.)
Passado
'Passado' can be used for food that has simply passed its expiration date or is no longer fresh, but not necessarily spoiled to the point of being inedible. It's a milder term than 'estragado.' Example: 'Este queijo está um pouco passado, mas ainda dá para comer.' (This cheese is a bit past its prime, but it's still edible.)
Danificado/Quebrado
When referring to objects or electronics, 'danificado' (damaged) or 'quebrado' (broken) are often more precise than 'estragado.' 'Estragado' can imply a complete malfunction, while 'danificado' suggests physical damage, and 'quebrado' means it's in pieces or definitely not working. Example: 'O copo está quebrado.' (The glass is broken.) 'O aparelho está danificado.' (The device is damaged.)
Arruinado/Arruinada
This term is used for plans, events, or situations that have been completely ruined or spoiled. It carries a similar meaning to 'estragado' in its figurative sense. Example: 'A chuva arruinou o nosso casamento ao ar livre.' (The rain ruined our outdoor wedding.)

Comparison: O leite está estragado (spoiled) vs. O leite está podre (rotten).

Comparison: O meu telefone está estragado (broken/malfunctioning) vs. O meu telefone está quebrado (physically broken).

How Formal Is It?

حقيقة ممتعة

The original meaning of 'extravagari' is related to the English word 'extravagant,' which also implies going beyond limits or norms. This connection highlights how the concept of deviating from a standard or expected state can lead to different but related meanings, such as being excessive or being spoiled.

دليل النطق

UK /ɪsˈtɹæɡədʊ/
US /ɛˈstɹæɡɑdoʊ/
The stress falls on the second syllable: es-TRA-ga-do.
يتقافى مع
largado chegado cansado molhado quebrado amassado desligado guardado
أخطاء شائعة
  • Pronouncing the 'g' as soft like in 'gem'.
  • Incorrect stress placement.
  • Reducing the vowel sounds too much.
  • Adding an extra syllable.
  • Not pronouncing the final 'o' clearly.

مستوى الصعوبة

القراءة 3/5

At A2 level, reading comprehension of 'estragado' is straightforward when describing food or simple broken objects. At B1 and above, understanding its figurative use requires more context and nuanced comprehension.

الكتابة 3/5

Writing with 'estragado' is relatively simple for food and objects at A2. Mastering gender/number agreement and figurative use requires B1+ proficiency.

التحدث 3/5

Speaking with 'estragado' is common for basic needs (food, broken items) at A2. Using it fluidly in varied contexts and with correct agreement requires B1+.

الاستماع 3/5

Listening comprehension is good for basic contexts at A2. Understanding figurative or nuanced uses depends on the speaker's clarity and the listener's vocabulary level.

ماذا تتعلّم بعد ذلك

المتطلبات الأساسية

comida leite água carro casa comprar comer beber estar ficar

تعلّم لاحقاً

podre danificado quebrado inútil arruinado estragar (verb)

متقدم

deteriorado corrompido defeituoso impróprio malfuncionar

قواعد يجب معرفتها

Adjective Agreement

O leite (masculine singular) está estragado. A maçã (feminine singular) está estragada. Os ovos (masculine plural) estão estragados. As bananas (feminine plural) estão estragadas.

Verb 'Estar' vs. 'Ficar'

'Estar estragado' describes a current state (The milk is spoiled). 'Ficar estragado' describes the process of becoming spoiled (The fruit became spoiled).

Use of 'Ser' vs. 'Estar'

'Estar estragado' is used for a temporary state or condition (food spoilage, broken item). 'Ser estragado' is not typically used in this context.

Figurative Use of Adjectives

Plans can be 'estragados' (ruined). 'O nosso plano foi estragado pela chuva.' This uses the adjective to describe the state of the plan.

Pronoun Placement with Verbs

If the verb 'estragar' is used, pronoun placement follows standard rules. 'Eles estragaram-no.' (They ruined it.)

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

أمثلة حسب المستوى

1

O leite está estragado.

The milk is spoiled.

The adjective 'estragado' agrees with the masculine singular noun 'leite'.

2

Não coma a fruta estragada.

Don't eat the spoiled fruit.

The adjective 'estragada' agrees with the feminine singular noun 'fruta'.

3

O pão está estragado.

The bread is spoiled.

The adjective 'estragado' agrees with the masculine singular noun 'pão'.

4

Esta comida está estragada.

This food is spoiled.

The adjective 'estragada' agrees with the feminine singular noun 'comida'.

5

O iogurte está estragado.

The yogurt is spoiled.

The adjective 'estragado' agrees with the masculine singular noun 'iogurte'.

6

A água está estragada.

The water is spoiled.

The adjective 'estragada' agrees with the feminine singular noun 'água'.

7

O queijo está estragado.

The cheese is spoiled.

The adjective 'estragado' agrees with the masculine singular noun 'queijo'.

8

Não beba isso, está estragado.

Don't drink this, it is spoiled.

Implies a spoiled drink. 'Estragado' refers to an implied masculine noun like 'o suco' (the juice).

1

A minha bicicleta está estragada e não posso andar.

My bicycle is broken and I can't ride it.

The adjective 'estragada' agrees with the feminine singular noun 'bicicleta'.

2

Este frasco de conservas parece estragado.

This jar of preserves looks spoiled.

The adjective 'estragado' agrees with the masculine singular noun 'frasco'.

3

O meu telemóvel ficou estragado depois da chuva.

My mobile phone got broken after the rain.

The adjective 'estragado' agrees with the masculine singular noun 'telemóvel'.

4

A sobremesa que fizemos ontem já está estragada.

The dessert we made yesterday is already spoiled.

The adjective 'estragada' agrees with the feminine singular noun 'sobremesa'.

5

As maçãs no fundo do cesto estão estragadas.

The apples at the bottom of the basket are spoiled.

The adjective 'estragadas' agrees with the feminine plural noun 'maçãs'.

6

O rádio do carro está estragado e não funciona.

The car radio is broken and doesn't work.

The adjective 'estragado' agrees with the masculine singular noun 'rádio'.

7

Não confie nesta manteiga, parece estragada.

Don't trust this butter, it looks spoiled.

The adjective 'estragada' agrees with the feminine singular noun 'manteiga'.

8

Os ovos na geladeira estão estragados.

The eggs in the fridge are spoiled.

The adjective 'estragados' agrees with the masculine plural noun 'ovos'.

1

A tempestade estragou os nossos planos para o fim de semana.

The storm ruined our plans for the weekend.

The verb 'estragou' (past tense of estragar) is used here, derived from the root of 'estragado'.

2

Tive que jogar fora o peixe porque estava estragado.

I had to throw away the fish because it was spoiled.

The adjective 'estragado' agrees with the masculine singular noun 'peixe'.

3

O ecrã do meu portátil ficou estragado depois de uma queda.

My laptop screen got damaged after a fall.

The adjective 'estragado' agrees with the masculine singular noun 'ecrã'.

4

A surpresa foi estragada quando ele viu os convidados.

The surprise was spoiled when he saw the guests.

The adjective 'estragada' agrees with the feminine singular noun 'surpresa'.

5

Se não guardarmos a comida corretamente, ela estraga-se.

If we don't store the food properly, it will spoil.

The reflexive verb 'estraga-se' (it spoils) is used.

6

O meu relógio de pulso está estragado e não marca as horas.

My wristwatch is broken and doesn't tell time.

The adjective 'estragado' agrees with the masculine singular noun 'relógio'.

7

As flores no vaso ficaram estragadas rapidamente.

The flowers in the vase quickly became spoiled.

The adjective 'estragadas' agrees with the feminine plural noun 'flores'.

8

É uma pena que o vinho esteja estragado; era uma garrafa rara.

It's a shame the wine is spoiled; it was a rare bottle.

The adjective 'estragado' agrees with the masculine singular noun 'vinho'.

1

A falha no sistema de refrigeração causou a perda de toda a colheita, que ficou estragada.

The failure in the refrigeration system caused the loss of the entire harvest, which became spoiled.

The adjective 'estragada' agrees with the feminine singular noun 'colheita'.

2

O mau tempo estragou a paisagem idílica que esperávamos encontrar.

The bad weather spoiled the idyllic landscape we expected to find.

The verb 'estragou' (past tense of estragar) is used to indicate ruined beauty.

3

Ele estava frustrado porque o seu computador novo apresentou um defeito estragado.

He was frustrated because his new computer presented a spoiled defect.

While 'defeituoso' is more common, 'estragado' can be used colloquially here to mean a severe, ruinous defect.

4

A reputação da empresa foi seriamente estragada após o escândalo.

The company's reputation was seriously damaged after the scandal.

The adjective 'estragada' agrees with the feminine singular noun 'reputação', used figuratively.

5

Se deixarmos a tinta secar, a superfície ficará estragada.

If we let the paint dry, the surface will become ruined.

The adjective 'estragada' agrees with the feminine singular noun 'superfície'.

6

A falta de comunicação estragou completamente o relacionamento deles.

The lack of communication completely spoiled their relationship.

The verb 'estragou' (past tense of estragar) is used to describe a ruined relationship.

7

O cheiro de mofo indicava que o conteúdo da caixa estava estragado.

The smell of mold indicated that the contents of the box were spoiled.

The adjective 'estragado' agrees with the masculine singular noun 'conteúdo'.

8

Eles descobriram que o sistema de irrigação estava estragado, o que levou à perda das plantações.

They discovered that the irrigation system was broken, which led to the loss of the crops.

The adjective 'estragado' agrees with the masculine singular noun 'sistema'.

1

A proposta, que parecia promissora, foi estragada por detalhes técnicos negligenciados.

The proposal, which seemed promising, was ruined by neglected technical details.

The adjective 'estragada' agrees with the feminine singular noun 'proposta', used figuratively.

2

O excesso de sentimentalismo na sua argumentação estragou a força do seu discurso.

The excess of sentimentality in his argumentation spoiled the strength of his speech.

The verb 'estragou' (past tense of estragar) is used to describe the weakening of an argument.

3

A sua tentativa de consertar o relógio apenas o deixou mais estragado.

His attempt to fix the watch only made it more broken.

The adjective 'estragado' indicates a worsened state of being broken.

4

O ambiente festivo foi estragado pela notícia inesperada.

The festive atmosphere was spoiled by the unexpected news.

The adjective 'estragado' agrees with the masculine singular noun 'ambiente', used figuratively.

5

A crítica especializada apontou que o filme tinha um enredo estragado pela falta de coerência.

The specialized critique pointed out that the film had a plot spoiled by a lack of coherence.

The adjective 'estragado' agrees with the masculine singular noun 'enredo', used figuratively.

6

As mudanças climáticas têm estragado ecossistemas frágeis em todo o mundo.

Climate change has ruined fragile ecosystems around the world.

The verb 'estragado' (past participle used with 'têm') describes the ongoing damage to ecosystems.

7

A sua interferência desnecessária estragou a harmonia da reunião.

His unnecessary interference spoiled the harmony of the meeting.

The verb 'estragou' (past tense of estragar) indicates the disruption of harmony.

8

O sabor do café estava estragado devido a grãos mal torrados.

The taste of the coffee was spoiled due to poorly roasted beans.

The adjective 'estragado' agrees with the masculine singular noun 'sabor'.

1

A sua visão idealista do mundo, embora admirável, acabou por ser estragada pela dura realidade.

His idealistic view of the world, though admirable, ultimately became spoiled by harsh reality.

The adjective 'estragada' agrees with the feminine singular noun 'visão', used to describe the corruption of an ideal.

2

O discurso, outrora eloquente, foi esvaziado e estragado por clichês repetitivos.

The once eloquent speech was emptied and spoiled by repetitive clichés.

The adjective 'estragado' is used in parallel with 'esvaziado' to describe the degradation of the speech's quality.

3

A ingenuidade das suas primeiras obras foi gradualmente estragada pela comercialização excessiva.

The naivety of his early works was gradually spoiled by excessive commercialization.

The adjective 'estragada' agrees with the feminine singular noun 'ingenuidade', indicating its corruption.

4

A sua interferência, longe de ser útil, apenas estragou o delicado equilíbrio da situação.

His interference, far from being helpful, only spoiled the delicate balance of the situation.

The verb 'estragou' (past tense of estragar) emphasizes the detrimental effect on balance.

5

O aroma da floresta, outrora puro, estava estragado pelo cheiro industrial que emanava da fábrica próxima.

The forest's aroma, once pure, was spoiled by the industrial smell emanating from the nearby factory.

The adjective 'estragado' agrees with the masculine singular noun 'aroma', describing its pollution.

6

A sua tentativa de embelezar a verdade acabou por estragar a sua credibilidade.

His attempt to embellish the truth ended up spoiling his credibility.

The verb 'estragar' (infinitive used after 'acabar por') describes the negative consequence on credibility.

7

O legado do artista, inicialmente intocado, foi estragado pela exploração comercial pós-morte.

The artist's legacy, initially untouched, was spoiled by posthumous commercial exploitation.

The adjective 'estragada' agrees with the feminine singular noun 'legado', used figuratively.

8

A espontaneidade do momento foi estragada pela ansiedade de documentá-lo.

The spontaneity of the moment was spoiled by the anxiety of documenting it.

The adjective 'estragada' agrees with the feminine singular noun 'espontaneidade', indicating its loss.

تلازمات شائعة

leite estragado
fruta estragada
comida estragada
carro estragado
computador estragado
plano estragado
ovos estragados
telemóvel estragado
relação estragada
dia estragado

العبارات الشائعة

Está estragado.

— It is spoiled/broken.

O que é isto? Está estragado.

Ficou estragado.

— It became spoiled/broken.

A fruta ficou estragada muito rápido.

Cheira a estragado.

— It smells spoiled.

Abri a geladeira e cheirava a estragado.

Não está estragado.

— It is not spoiled/broken.

Este iogurte não está estragado, pode comer.

Jogar fora o estragado.

— To throw away the spoiled item.

Temos que jogar fora o estragado.

Eles estragaram tudo.

— They ruined everything.

Com a discussão, eles estragaram tudo.

O conserto estragou.

— The repair made it worse.

O conserto estragou o aparelho ainda mais.

Um gosto estragado.

— A spoiled taste.

O café tinha um gosto estragado.

A surpresa foi estragada.

— The surprise was spoiled.

Ele descobriu o presente, a surpresa foi estragada.

Fazer algo estragado.

— To do something wrong or ruinous.

Ele fez algo estragado que prejudicou a todos.

يُخلط عادةً مع

estragado vs Podre

'Podre' is a stronger word for food that is rotten and decomposing, often with a very bad smell, whereas 'estragado' can simply mean spoiled or off.

estragado vs Danificado

'Danificado' means damaged, implying physical harm to an object. 'Estragado' can mean broken or malfunctioning, which might result from damage but is not the same thing.

estragado vs Quebrado

'Quebrado' specifically means broken into pieces or structurally failed. 'Estragado' is broader and can include malfunctioning without being physically broken.

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"Cair no goto estragado"

— To fall into bad company or influence; to become corrupted.

Depois de conhecer aquelas pessoas, ele caiu no goto estragado.

Informal
"Ter a cabeça estragada"

— To be crazy, to have a screw loose.

Ele fala sozinho o tempo todo, acho que tem a cabeça estragada.

Informal
"Estragar o fígado"

— To damage one's liver, usually through excessive drinking.

Ele bebe demais e vai estragar o fígado.

Informal
"Dar cabo de algo/alguém"

— To ruin or destroy something/someone (similar to 'estragar' but often more forceful).

A falta de sono deu cabo dele.

Informal
"Um prego estragado no barril"

— A small but significant problem that spoils the whole.

A equipa era boa, mas aquele jogador era um prego estragado no barril.

Figurative
"Ter a corda estragada"

— To be faulty, broken, or not working properly (similar to 'ter a cabeça estragada' but can apply to objects too).

Este relógio tem a corda estragada.

Informal
"Estragar a festa"

— To spoil the fun or ruin a celebration.

Não deixes que a tua má disposição estrague a festa.

Common
"Comer estragado"

— To eat something spoiled, often implying doing something wrong or foolish.

Ele pensou que podia enganar o chefe, mas acabou por comer estragado.

Figurative
"Um plano estragado"

— A ruined plan.

A chuva transformou o nosso dia de campo num plano estragado.

Common
"Arruinar a vida"

— To ruin someone's life.

As más escolhas podem arruinar a vida de alguém.

Figurative

سهل الخلط

estragado vs Podre

Both describe food that is no longer good to eat and imply a negative sensory experience.

'Estragado' is a more general term for spoiled food, which might be slightly off or completely inedible. 'Podre' specifically refers to food that has decomposed, is rotten, and usually has a very strong, unpleasant odor.

O iogurte está estragado. (The yogurt is spoiled - maybe just slightly sour). O peixe está podre. (The fish is rotten - very bad smell and texture).

estragado vs Danificado

Both can apply to objects that are not in perfect condition.

'Estragado' implies that the object is broken, malfunctioning, or no longer usable. 'Danificado' specifically refers to physical damage (scratches, dents, cracks) which may or may not render the object unusable. An item can be 'danificado' but still functional, whereas 'estragado' usually means it's not working properly.

O ecrã do meu telemóvel está danificado (tem um risco). (My phone screen is damaged - it has a scratch). O meu telemóvel está estragado (não liga). (My phone is broken - it doesn't turn on).

estragado vs Quebrado

Both indicate that an object is not working as intended.

'Quebrado' means broken, often implying it's in pieces or has a structural failure. 'Estragado' is a broader term that includes malfunctioning, not working, or being ruined. An object that is 'quebrado' is certainly 'estragado', but an object that is 'estragado' might not be 'quebrado' (e.g., a computer that won't turn on is 'estragado' but not necessarily 'quebrado' into pieces).

O vaso está quebrado. (The vase is broken into pieces). O meu relógio está estragado (não funciona). (My watch is broken/malfunctioning - but not in pieces).

estragado vs Passado

Both relate to food that is no longer at its best.

'Passado' refers to food that has gone beyond its expiration date or is no longer fresh, but it might still be edible or safe to consume with caution. 'Estragado' means the food has spoiled and is definitely not safe or pleasant to eat.

Este queijo está um pouco passado, mas ainda dá para usar. (This cheese is a bit past its date, but still usable). Este iogurte está estragado, não o comas. (This yogurt is spoiled, don't eat it).

estragado vs Arruinado

Both can be used figuratively to describe plans or situations that have gone wrong.

'Estragado' can be used for both literal spoilage/breakage and figurative ruin. 'Arruinado' is almost exclusively used figuratively to mean completely ruined or destroyed, often in a more dramatic sense than 'estragado' when applied to plans or situations.

O nosso piquenique ficou estragado pela chuva. (Our picnic was spoiled by the rain - mild disappointment). A má notícia arruinou a festa. (The bad news ruined the party - significant negative impact).

أنماط الجُمل

A1

Noun + está + estragado/a.

O leite está estragado.

A2

Meu/Minha + Noun + está + estragado/a.

Meu telemóvel está estragado.

B1

Subject + ficou + estragado/a/os/as.

A comida ficou estragada.

B1

O/A + Noun + foi + estragado/a.

O plano foi estragado.

B2

Subject + está + estragado/a/os/as + devido a + reason.

O carro está estragado devido a um problema mecânico.

B2

A + Noun + foi + estragada + por + agent.

A festa foi estragada pela chuva.

C1

A + Noun + foi + estragada + por + abstract cause.

A sua reputação foi estragada por rumores.

C1

O/A + Noun + estava + estragado/a + (contextual detail).

O relatório estava estragado por erros de cálculo.

عائلة الكلمة

الأسماء

estragamento

الأفعال

estragar

الصفات

estragado

مرتبط

danificado
quebrado
podre
ruim
inútil
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كيفية الاستخدام

frequency

Very High (especially for food and common objects)

أخطاء شائعة
  • Forgetting gender/number agreement. → O leite está estragado. A fruta está estragada.

    The adjective must match the noun. 'Leite' is masculine singular, so 'estragado'. 'Fruta' is feminine singular, so 'estragada'.

  • Using 'estragado' for something merely inconvenient. → O trânsito está muito lento. (The traffic is very slow.)

    While 'estragado' can mean ruined, it usually implies something is broken, spoiled, or significantly damaged. For minor inconveniences, other words are better.

  • Confusing 'estragado' (adjective) with 'estragar' (verb). → A comida está estragada. (The food is spoiled.)

    'Está estragada' describes the state of the food. 'A comida estragou-se' (The food spoiled itself) uses the verb.

  • Using 'estragado' for something physically broken when 'quebrado' is more precise. → O vaso está quebrado. (The vase is broken into pieces.)

    While 'estragado' can imply brokenness, 'quebrado' is more specific for items that are in pieces or have a clear structural failure.

  • Overusing 'estragado' for food that is just past its best-before date. → Este iogurte está um pouco passado, mas talvez ainda dê para comer. (This yogurt is a bit past its date, but maybe still edible.)

    'Passado' is used for items past their expiration date, which might still be safe, whereas 'estragado' implies definite spoilage and unsafety.

نصائح

Master Agreement

Always remember to match 'estragado' to the gender and number of the noun. This is crucial for correct Portuguese. Practice with examples: 'o pão estragado', 'a manteiga estragada', 'os ovos estragados', 'as flores estragadas'.

Stress the Right Syllable

The stress in 'estragado' falls on the second syllable: es-TRA-ga-do. Practicing this rhythm will make your pronunciation sound more natural.

Beyond Food

Don't limit 'estragado' to just food. Use it for broken electronics, malfunctioning cars, or even ruined plans to expand your vocabulary and express yourself more effectively.

Visual Associations

Create strong mental images for 'estragado.' Imagine a moldy fruit or a shattered screen. The more vivid the image, the easier it will be to recall the word and its meaning.

Sentence Building

Write your own sentences using 'estragado' in different contexts. Try describing things in your home that are broken or food you've had to throw away. This active practice solidifies learning.

Explore Alternatives

Learn related words like 'podre' (rotten), 'danificado' (damaged), and 'quebrado' (broken). Knowing these will help you choose the most precise word for the situation.

Food Culture

Understand that in Portuguese culture, food is important. Being able to discuss 'estragado' food is a practical skill for daily life and social interactions.

Avoid Agreement Errors

The most common mistake is incorrect gender/number agreement. Always check the noun before you use 'estragado'.

Figurative Language

Embrace the figurative use of 'estragado' for ruined plans or moods. It's a common and expressive way to communicate disappointment.

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Imagine a spoiled apple ('maçã estragada') with a grumpy face. The 'es' sounds like 'ouch,' and 'traga' sounds like 'tragedy' because it's a tragedy that the apple is spoiled. So, 'Ouch, tragedy, the apple is spoiled!'

ربط بصري

Picture a carton of milk with a big red 'X' over it, and the word 'ESTRAGADO' written in bold letters. Imagine the milk is oozing out and looks chunky and unpleasant.

Word Web

Food Spoiled Rotten Bad Mouthfeel Smell Taste Broken Damaged Malfunctioning Ruined Useless Unfit Inedible Discard Waste Repair Replace Plans Surprise Mood Situation

تحدٍّ

Try to describe three things you have recently thrown away because they were 'estragado,' or three things that are currently 'estragado' in your house. Use the correct gender and number for 'estragado'.

أصل الكلمة

The word 'estragado' comes from the verb 'estragar,' which itself derives from the Latin word 'extravagari.' This Latin term means 'to wander from the path' or 'to go astray.' Over time, its meaning evolved to encompass the idea of something going wrong, deviating from its proper state, and thus becoming spoiled or damaged.

المعنى الأصلي: To wander from the path, to go astray.

Indo-European > Italic > Latin > Romance > Portuguese

السياق الثقافي

While 'estragado' is a common word, it's best to use it directly and factually. Avoid using it to describe people in a way that could be offensive, unless it's in a clearly figurative context like 'ter a cabeça estragada' (to be crazy).

In English, we use 'spoiled' for food and 'broken' or 'damaged' for objects. 'Ruined' can be used for both and also for plans. 'Estragado' covers all these meanings in Portuguese, making it a very useful word.

In many Portuguese culinary traditions, the freshness of ingredients is paramount. A dish made with 'estragado' ingredients would be considered a culinary disaster. The concept of 'estragado' extends to the idea of integrity. A person whose reputation is 'estragada' has lost credibility. In discussions about technology, a common phrase is 'o meu telemóvel está estragado,' highlighting the everyday frustration with malfunctioning devices.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

At the supermarket or grocery store.

  • Este produto está estragado?
  • Posso verificar a validade?
  • Preciso de algo fresco.
  • Não quero nada estragado.

In the kitchen, checking food.

  • O leite está estragado.
  • Esta fruta parece estragada.
  • Cheira a estragado.
  • Temos de deitar fora o estragado.

Dealing with broken appliances or electronics.

  • O meu telemóvel está estragado.
  • O frigorífico está estragado.
  • Preciso de um técnico para o aparelho estragado.
  • Não sei se vale a pena arranjar o estragado.

Discussing ruined plans or events.

  • O mau tempo estragou o nosso passeio.
  • A surpresa foi estragada.
  • O nosso plano ficou estragado.
  • Não deixes que isso estrague o teu dia.

At a repair shop.

  • O carro está estragado.
  • Quanto custa reparar o que está estragado?
  • O que está estragado?
  • Vou deixar o objeto estragado aqui.

بدايات محادثة

"Have you ever had food go bad unexpectedly? What was it?"

"What's the most annoying thing to break in your house?"

"If your plans get 'estragados,' what's your usual reaction?"

"Can you think of a time when a surprise was 'estragada'?"

"What's the worst smell you associate with 'estragado' food?"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

Describe a time you discovered food was 'estragado' and what you did about it.

Write about a favorite item that became 'estragado' and how you felt.

Imagine a perfect day that got 'estragado' by an unforeseen event. Narrate what happened.

Reflect on the importance of checking food for spoilage ('estragado').

Describe a situation where something broken ('estragado') caused significant inconvenience.

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

'Estragado' is a general term for spoiled food, meaning it's no longer good to eat. 'Podre' is a stronger term, specifically meaning rotten, which implies decomposition and a very unpleasant smell. So, all 'podre' food is 'estragado', but not all 'estragado' food is 'podre'.

It's not typically used to describe people directly in a negative way, unless it's in a figurative sense like 'ter a cabeça estragada' (to be crazy). Using it for a person's character or health would be unusual and potentially offensive; other words like 'doente' (sick) or 'mau' (bad) would be more appropriate.

Use 'estragado' for things that are broken, malfunctioning, or spoiled. Use 'quebrado' for things that are physically broken into pieces. Use 'danificado' for things that have suffered physical damage but might still work. For example, a phone that doesn't turn on is 'estragado'. A phone dropped and shattered is 'quebrado' and also 'danificado'. A phone with a scratch is 'danificado' but not necessarily 'estragado'.

No, while it's very common for food, 'estragado' is also widely used for objects that are broken or not working properly, like electronics, vehicles, or even toys. It can also be used figuratively for plans or situations that have been ruined.

'Estragado' is an adjective and must agree with the noun it describes. If the noun is masculine singular (e.g., 'o leite'), it's 'estragado'. If it's feminine singular (e.g., 'a fruta'), it's 'estragada'. If it's masculine plural (e.g., 'os ovos'), it's 'estragados'. If it's feminine plural (e.g., 'as maçãs'), it's 'estragadas'.

Yes, the verb is 'estragar,' which means 'to spoil' or 'to ruin.' For example, 'A chuva estragou o nosso piquenique.' (The rain spoiled our picnic.) The adjective 'estragado' is the past participle of this verb.

Yes, it can be used figuratively. For example, 'O nosso plano ficou estragado' means 'Our plan was ruined.' It implies that the plan has been spoiled or rendered ineffective.

'Passado' means the food is past its expiration date or is no longer fresh, but might still be edible. 'Estragado' means the food has actually spoiled and is unsafe or unpleasant to eat.

'Cheira a estragado' means 'It smells spoiled.' This phrase is commonly used when checking if food has gone bad, as a bad smell is often the first indicator of spoilage.

Yes, 'estragado' always indicates a negative condition – something is no longer good, functional, or desirable. It signifies deterioration, breakage, or spoilage.

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