The word 'ruka' is a versatile term covering the entire upper limb from shoulder to fingertips.
الكلمة في 30 ثانية
- Refers to both the hand and the entire arm in Serbian.
- A fundamental feminine noun used in all daily activities.
- Changes 'k' to 'c' in certain grammatical cases (e.g., 'u ruci').
Overview
Reč 'ruka' je jedna od najosnovnijih imenica u srpskom jeziku i pripada ženskom rodu. Ona je polisemantična jer u srpskom jeziku ne postoji stroga distinkcija u svakodnevnom govoru između šake (hand) i cele ruke (arm), već se ista reč koristi za oba. 2) Usage Patterns: Menja se po padežima, pri čemu u dativu i lokativu jednine dolazi do glasovne promene (sibilarizacije), pa 'k' prelazi u 'c' (npr. 'u ruci'). U množini glasi 'ruke', dok je genitiv množine 'ruku'. 3) Common Contexts: Najčešće se koristi u kontekstu fizičkih radnji (prati ruke, držati nešto u ruci), higijene, sporta, ali i u prenesenom značenju kada se govori o pomoći ili kontroli. 4) Similar Words comparison: Iako 'ruka' pokriva sve, reč 'šaka' se koristi kada želimo da budemo anatomski precizni i mislimo samo na deo od zgloba do prstiju. Reč 'rame' označava spoj ruke sa trupom, a 'lakat' središnji zglob.
أمثلة
Boli me desna ruka.
everydayMy right arm/hand hurts.
Molim Vas, podignite ruku.
formalPlease raise your hand.
Daj mi ruku!
informalGive me your hand!
Pacijent ima prelom kosti leve ruke.
academicThe patient has a bone fracture of the left arm.
تلازمات شائعة
العبارات الشائعة
Ići na ruku
To be in someone's favor
Iz prve ruke
First-hand (information)
Zlatne ruke
To be very skilled with one's hands
يُخلط عادةً مع
أنماط نحوية
كيفية الاستخدام
ملاحظات الاستخدام
The word 'ruka' is used across all levels of formality. In formal writing, it remains the standard term, though more specific anatomical terms might be used in medicine. It is a neutral word with no slang connotations unless used in specific idioms.
أخطاء شائعة
English speakers often try to use a specific word for 'arm' and 'hand' separately, which is unnecessary in Serbian. Another common mistake is forgetting the 'k' to 'c' change in the dative/lokative case, saying 'u ruki' instead of 'u ruci'.
نصائح
One word for both hand and arm
Watch the 'k' to 'c' change
Importance of the handshake
أصل الكلمة
Derived from the Proto-Slavic word *rǫka, which is common to almost all Slavic languages (e.g., Russian 'ruka', Polish 'ręka').
السياق الثقافي
Handshakes are the standard greeting in Serbia for both men and women. 'Prljave ruke' (dirty hands) is often used metaphorically for someone involved in corruption.
نصيحة للحفظ
Think of the word 'ruka' as 'reaching'. You use your 'ruka' to reach for something. It also sounds a bit like the chess piece 'Rook', which moves like a long reaching arm.
الأسئلة الشائعة
4 أسئلةاختبر نفسك
On drži jabuku u desnoj ___.
U lokativu jednine, imenica ruka dobija nastavak -i i dolazi do promene k u c.
'Pružiti ruku' je čest idiom za nuđenje pomoći ili gest prijateljstva.
ruke / sapunom / Perem / toplom / vodom / i
Ovo je najprirodniji redosled reči u srpskom jeziku za ovu radnju.
النتيجة: /3
Summary
The word 'ruka' is a versatile term covering the entire upper limb from shoulder to fingertips.
- Refers to both the hand and the entire arm in Serbian.
- A fundamental feminine noun used in all daily activities.
- Changes 'k' to 'c' in certain grammatical cases (e.g., 'u ruci').
One word for both hand and arm
Watch the 'k' to 'c' change
Importance of the handshake
أمثلة
4 من 4Boli me desna ruka.
My right arm/hand hurts.
Molim Vas, podignite ruku.
Please raise your hand.
Daj mi ruku!
Give me your hand!
Pacijent ima prelom kosti leve ruke.
The patient has a bone fracture of the left arm.
