hasta que
When using "hasta que", the tense of the verb that follows can be tricky. If the action in the main clause is ongoing or habitual, and the action in the subordinate clause (the one after "hasta que") is a future event or an action that will happen once, you often use the subjunctive.
For example: "No saldré hasta que termines tu tarea." (I won't leave until you finish your homework.) Here, finishing the homework is a future event that needs to happen before I leave.
However, if the action after "hasta que" is a completed past event or a habitual action in the past, you'll use the indicative. For example: "Trabajó hasta que se jubiló." (He worked until he retired.)
The key is to consider whether the action after "hasta que" is a hypothetical or future event (subjunctive) or a factual, completed, or habitual event (indicative).
§ Basic Use: "until" with a Simple Clause
No saldremos hasta que termine de llover.
Estudié hasta que me dormí.
§ Subjunctive vs. Indicative with "hasta que"
§ Use Indicative when the action is certain or completed
Esperé hasta que llegó mi amigo.
Trabajaremos hasta que el sol se ponga.
§ Use Subjunctive when the action is anticipated or uncertain
No me iré hasta que me pagues.
Estudia hasta que entiendas bien la lección.
§ "Hasta que" with Negation
No compraré un coche nuevo hasta que ahorre suficiente dinero.
§ "Hasta que" vs. "Hasta"
- Hasta que
- Requires a verb after it, forming a dependent clause. E.g., hasta que *llegues* (until you arrive).
- Hasta
- Followed by a noun, pronoun, or an adverb. E.g., hasta mañana (until tomorrow), hasta el final (until the end).
Bailamos hasta que cerraron el club.
Bailamos hasta la medianoche.
§ Practice Sentences
Se quedaron en casa hasta que paró la tormenta. (They stayed home until the storm stopped.) - *Indicative because the storm stopping is a past fact.* No te levantarás de la mesa hasta que termines tus vegetales. (You won't get up from the table until you finish your vegetables.) - *Subjunctive because finishing vegetables is an anticipated, desired action.* Conduciré hasta que vea una gasolinera. (I will drive until I see a gas station.) - *Subjunctive because seeing a gas station is an uncertain future event.* La tienda está abierta hasta que cierran los centros comerciales. (The store is open until the malls close.) - *Indicative because the closing of malls is a regular, scheduled event.*
Schwierigkeitsgrad
Common phrase, easy to recognize.
Straightforward usage, no complex conjugations.
Pronunciation is phonetic and common.
Common usage in everyday conversation.
Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest
Voraussetzungen
Als Nächstes lernen
Fortgeschritten
Wichtige Grammatik
Use 'hasta que' when the action in the main clause continues up to the point of the action in the subordinate clause.
No me iré hasta que termines tu trabajo. (I won't leave until you finish your work.)
When the action in the subordinate clause (after 'hasta que') has not yet happened or is uncertain, use the subjunctive mood.
Esperaremos hasta que llegue el autobús. (We will wait until the bus arrives.)
When the action in the subordinate clause has already happened or is a habitual action, use the indicative mood.
Leí hasta que me dormí. (I read until I fell asleep.)
'Hasta que' can also be used to express a limit or an end point in time.
Trabajo desde las ocho de la mañana hasta que se pone el sol. (I work from eight in the morning until the sun sets.)
Sometimes, 'hasta que' can be followed by a noun or pronoun, often omitting the verb, if the verb is clearly implied from the context.
Estuvo bailando hasta que amaneció. (He was dancing until dawn broke.)
Beispiele nach Niveau
No me iré hasta que termines tu trabajo.
I won't leave until you finish your work.
Subjunctive after 'hasta que' when the action is anticipated or hypothetical.
Esperaremos aquí hasta que llegue el autobús.
We will wait here until the bus arrives.
Subjunctive after 'hasta que' when referring to a future event.
Seguí estudiando hasta que entendí el concepto.
I kept studying until I understood the concept.
Indicative after 'hasta que' when referring to a past, completed action.
No supo la verdad hasta que se lo contaron.
He didn't know the truth until they told him.
Indicative after 'hasta que' when the action is a past, certain event.
Trabajamos duro hasta que logramos nuestro objetivo.
We worked hard until we achieved our goal.
Indicative after 'hasta que' for a past, realized action.
No te rindas hasta que no te queden fuerzas.
Don't give up until you have no strength left.
Subjunctive after 'hasta que' in commands or when the condition is not yet met.
Puedes quedarte aquí hasta que quieras.
You can stay here until you want.
Subjunctive after 'hasta que' when expressing a desire or uncertainty about the duration.
La tienda no abre hasta que sean las diez.
The store doesn't open until it's ten o'clock.
Subjunctive after 'hasta que' when referring to a future, anticipated event.
No me iré de aquí hasta que me digas la verdad completa sobre lo que pasó anoche.
I won't leave here until you tell me the complete truth about what happened last night.
Subjunctive used after 'hasta que' when referring to a future event or condition.
Trabajaremos incansablemente en este proyecto hasta que hayamos alcanzado todos los objetivos establecidos por la junta directiva.
We will work tirelessly on this project until we have achieved all the objectives set by the board of directors.
Subjunctive perfect (hayamos alcanzado) used to denote an action completed before another future action.
La reconstrucción de la ciudad no estará completa hasta que se hayan restaurado todos los edificios históricos dañados.
The reconstruction of the city will not be complete until all damaged historical buildings have been restored.
Subjunctive perfect passive (se hayan restaurado) indicating a completed action in the future.
No cesaremos nuestra protesta hasta que el gobierno acceda a nuestras demandas y tome medidas concretas.
We will not cease our protest until the government accedes to our demands and takes concrete measures.
Subjunctive used after 'hasta que' when the action is anticipated and not yet a fact.
Mantendremos las puertas cerradas hasta que la tormenta amaine y sea seguro salir al exterior.
We will keep the doors closed until the storm subsides and it is safe to go outside.
Subjunctive used after 'hasta que' for an event that has not yet occurred.
No podremos avanzar en la investigación hasta que obtengamos los resultados de las pruebas forenses.
We won't be able to advance in the investigation until we obtain the results of the forensic tests.
Subjunctive used after 'hasta que' for a necessary future condition.
Esperaremos aquí pacientemente hasta que suene la campana final y podamos recoger a los niños.
We will wait here patiently until the final bell rings and we can pick up the children.
Subjunctive used after 'hasta que' for an anticipated event.
La empresa no anunciará los despidos hasta que se hayan completado todas las negociaciones con los sindicatos.
The company will not announce the layoffs until all negotiations with the unions have been completed.
Subjunctive perfect (se hayan completado) denoting a future completed action.
Wird oft verwechselt mit
While 'hasta' also means 'until' or 'up to,' it is a preposition. 'Hasta que' is a conjunction, meaning it introduces a clause with a verb. You use 'hasta' with nouns or pronouns, and 'hasta que' with a verb.
The word 'que' by itself means 'that' or 'which.' It's crucial to remember 'hasta que' is a fixed phrase. Don't separate them when you mean 'until' followed by a verb clause.
'Por el momento' means 'for the moment' or 'for now,' indicating a temporary state. It doesn't imply an endpoint like 'hasta que' does.
Leicht verwechselbar
'Mientras' can sometimes be confused with 'hasta que' because both relate to time. However, 'mientras' means 'while' or 'as long as,' indicating something happening concurrently, whereas 'hasta que' indicates a point in time when something stops or starts.
'Mientras' focuses on duration or simultaneity. 'Hasta que' focuses on a boundary or endpoint.
Trabajo mientras escucho música. (I work while I listen to music.) / No saldré hasta que termine mi trabajo. (I won't leave until I finish my work.)
Like 'hasta que,' 'desde que' also deals with a point in time. But 'desde que' means 'since' and refers to the starting point of an action or state, not the end point.
'Desde que' marks the beginning of an action/state. 'Hasta que' marks the end of an action/state.
No he comido desde que me desperté. (I haven't eaten since I woke up.) / No comeré hasta que tenga hambre. (I won't eat until I'm hungry.)
The 'que' part might cause confusion, but 'para que' means 'in order that' or 'so that,' expressing purpose or intention. It doesn't relate to time like 'hasta que'.
'Para que' introduces a purpose. 'Hasta que' introduces a time limit.
Estudio para que pueda aprender. (I study so that I can learn.) / Estudiaré hasta que entienda. (I will study until I understand.)
'Cuando' means 'when' and can introduce a time clause. It can be confusing because it also sets a time, but 'cuando' specifies *at what time* something happens, while 'hasta que' specifies *up to what time*.
'Cuando' is about the timing of an event. 'Hasta que' is about the duration before an event.
Te llamaré cuando llegue. (I will call you when I arrive.) / Esperaré hasta que llegues. (I will wait until you arrive.)
'A menos que' means 'unless' and introduces a condition that, if met, prevents something from happening. It's often followed by the subjunctive, similar to 'hasta que' when it refers to a future event that hasn't happened yet.
'A menos que' expresses a condition. 'Hasta que' expresses a time limit.
No saldremos a menos que pare de llover. (We won't go out unless it stops raining.) / No saldremos hasta que pare de llover. (We won't go out until it stops raining.) - *Note the subtle difference: 'a menos que' implies the stopping of rain is the *condition* for leaving, 'hasta que' implies it's the *timing* of leaving.*
So verwendest du es
Hasta que is a conjunction that means "until" or "up to the point that." It is used to introduce a subordinate clause that indicates a time limit or a condition that must be met before something else can happen. It is often followed by the subjunctive mood when the action in the subordinate clause is anticipated or hypothetical.
A common mistake is using the indicative mood after hasta que when the action is anticipated or not yet realized. For example, saying "Espera hasta que viene" (incorrect) instead of "Espera hasta que venga" (correct) when referring to waiting for someone to arrive.
Tipps
Use 'hasta que' for actions that continue
Think of 'hasta que' as a way to express that one action or state continues up to a certain point or event. It sets a clear boundary for the first action.
Verb tense after 'hasta que'
If the action in the 'hasta que' clause is something that will happen in the future, you'll often use the subjunctive mood in Spanish. If it's something that has already happened or is a habitual action, you'll use the indicative.
Literal meaning: 'even that'
A way to help remember 'hasta que' is to think of it literally as 'even that' or 'up to that point when'. This can sometimes make the meaning clearer for English speakers.
Don't confuse with 'hasta'
Be careful not to confuse 'hasta que' with 'hasta'. 'Hasta' means 'until' or 'up to' when followed by a noun or pronoun. 'Hasta que' is followed by a clause (a subject and a verb).
Common phrases with 'hasta que'
You'll often hear 'hasta que' in common phrases like 'no te vayas hasta que termine' (don't leave until I finish) or 'esperaremos hasta que llegues' (we will wait until you arrive).
Implied future in English
In English, we often use the present tense after 'until' when referring to a future event (e.g., 'I will wait until he comes'). In Spanish, you generally need the subjunctive in this context with 'hasta que' (e.g., 'Esperaré hasta que él venga').
Practice with simple sentences
Start by forming simple sentences. 'No saldré hasta que termines.' (I won't leave until you finish.) 'Ella estudió hasta que se hizo de noche.' (She studied until it got dark.)
'No...hasta que' construction
When 'hasta que' is preceded by a negative (e.g., 'no'), the meaning is often 'not until'. This can be tricky because it doesn't always translate directly word-for-word.
Focus on the ending point
'Hasta que' emphasizes the completion of an action or the arrival of a specific moment. It marks the termination of something else.
Common in everyday speech
'Hasta que' is a very common conjunction in everyday Spanish conversations. You will hear and use it frequently to describe sequences of events or conditions for actions to stop or start. It's essential for natural communication.
Teste dich selbst 54 Fragen
He will wait until she arrives.
Don't eat until it's time.
We are going to work until the day ends.
Read this aloud:
Ella va a leer hasta que duerma.
Focus: hasta que
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Read this aloud:
No voy a parar hasta que entienda.
Focus: hasta que entienda
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Read this aloud:
Estudia hasta que aprendas todo.
Focus: hasta que aprendas
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No voy a salir ___ termine mi trabajo. (I'm not going out ___ I finish my work.)
Here, 'hasta que' means 'until', indicating that the action of not going out will continue up to the point the work is finished.
Vamos a esperar aquí ___ llueva menos. (We are going to wait here ___ it rains less.)
'Hasta que' is the correct conjunction to express 'until' in this context, meaning the waiting will continue until the rain decreases.
Ella no se va a dormir ___ lea un capítulo. (She won't go to sleep ___ she reads a chapter.)
The phrase 'hasta que' is used to show that her going to sleep is conditional on reading a chapter.
No abriremos la tienda ___ el lunes. (We won't open the store ___ Monday.)
'Hasta que' in this sentence means 'until', indicating the store will remain closed up to Monday.
Tendrás que esperar ___ tu nombre sea llamado. (You will have to wait ___ your name is called.)
The action of waiting will continue 'until' the name is called, making 'hasta que' the correct choice.
No podemos empezar la película ___ llegue María. (We can't start the movie ___ Maria arrives.)
'Hasta que' correctly expresses that the movie will not start before Maria's arrival.
The speaker doesn't want you to leave.
They will continue to wait.
The rain is a barrier to leaving.
Read this aloud:
Voy a trabajar hasta que sean las cinco.
Focus: hasta que
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Read this aloud:
¿Vas a esperar hasta que regrese tu amigo?
Focus: hasta que regrese
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Read this aloud:
No me iré de aquí hasta que tenga una respuesta.
Focus: hasta que tenga
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Write a sentence in Spanish using 'hasta que' to say 'I will wait until you arrive.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
Esperaré hasta que llegues.
Write a sentence in Spanish using 'hasta que' to say 'We can't leave until she finishes her work.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
No podemos irnos hasta que ella termine su trabajo.
Complete the sentence in Spanish: 'No voy a comer ______ tengo mucha hambre.' (I'm not going to eat ______ I'm very hungry.)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
No voy a comer hasta que tenga mucha hambre.
Why didn't the child want to sleep?
Read this passage:
El niño no quiso dormir hasta que su madre le contó un cuento. Después de la historia, cerró los ojos y se durmió.
Why didn't the child want to sleep?
The passage states 'El niño no quiso dormir hasta que su madre le contó un cuento.' (The child did not want to sleep until his mother told him a story.)
The passage states 'El niño no quiso dormir hasta que su madre le contó un cuento.' (The child did not want to sleep until his mother told him a story.)
What is the speaker's intention regarding the project?
Read this passage:
Voy a trabajar en este proyecto hasta que esté terminado. No importa cuánto tiempo tome, lo terminaré.
What is the speaker's intention regarding the project?
The passage says 'Voy a trabajar en este proyecto hasta que esté terminado. No importa cuánto tiempo tome, lo terminaré.' (I'm going to work on this project until it's finished. No matter how long it takes, I will finish it.)
The passage says 'Voy a trabajar en este proyecto hasta que esté terminado. No importa cuánto tiempo tome, lo terminaré.' (I'm going to work on this project until it's finished. No matter how long it takes, I will finish it.)
What does she need to do to feel better?
Read this passage:
Ella no se sentirá mejor hasta que hable contigo. Realmente necesita tu consejo.
What does she need to do to feel better?
The passage states 'Ella no se sentirá mejor hasta que hable contigo.' (She won't feel better until she talks to you.)
The passage states 'Ella no se sentirá mejor hasta que hable contigo.' (She won't feel better until she talks to you.)
No te vayas de la fiesta ___ que llegue tu hermana.
The phrase 'hasta que' means 'until'. The sentence translates to 'Don't leave the party until your sister arrives.'
Trabajamos mucho ___ que terminamos el proyecto.
The phrase 'hasta que' means 'until'. The sentence translates to 'We worked a lot until we finished the project.'
No me iré de aquí ___ que me digas la verdad.
The phrase 'hasta que' means 'until'. The sentence translates to 'I won't leave here until you tell me the truth.'
Esperaremos ___ que el tren llegue a la estación.
The phrase 'hasta que' means 'until'. The sentence translates to 'We will wait until the train arrives at the station.'
No podrás ver la película ___ que hagas tu tarea.
The phrase 'hasta que' means 'until'. The sentence translates to 'You won't be able to watch the movie until you do your homework.'
Él no se rindió ___ que logró su objetivo.
The phrase 'hasta que' means 'until'. The sentence translates to 'He didn't give up until he achieved his goal.'
The speaker is waiting for someone to finish their work.
Someone learned the truth after a letter was read.
They are waiting for an event to begin.
Read this aloud:
No vamos a comer hasta que lleguen todos.
Focus: comer, lleguen
Du hast gesagt:
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Read this aloud:
Estudiaremos hasta que entendamos todo el material.
Focus: Estudiaremos, entendamos
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Read this aloud:
No dejaré de intentarlo hasta que lo consiga.
Focus: dejaré, consiga
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No pararemos de luchar ___ se logre la justicia plena.
'Hasta que' indicates the point in time when the action of stopping will occur, which is when full justice is achieved.
Trabajaremos incansablemente ___ el proyecto esté completamente terminado y aprobado.
'Hasta que' signifies the duration of the work, which will continue until the project's completion and approval.
La investigación no se dará por concluida ___ se hayan resuelto todas las incógnitas.
'Hasta que' establishes the condition for the investigation's conclusion: the resolution of all unknowns.
Los manifestantes se mantuvieron firmes en la plaza ___ sus demandas fueran escuchadas y consideradas.
'Hasta que' expresses the duration of the protest, which continued until their demands were acknowledged.
No se revelarán los resultados finales del estudio ___ todos los datos hayan sido minuciosamente verificados.
'Hasta que' indicates the necessary condition for the revelation of the study's results: thorough data verification.
La empresa no modificará su política de devoluciones ___ reciba un informe detallado con las quejas de los clientes.
'Hasta que' defines the point at which the company will consider modifying its return policy, which is upon receiving a detailed complaint report.
Describe a future event you are eagerly anticipating. Use 'hasta que' at least once to explain what needs to happen before that event can occur.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
Estoy ansioso por mi viaje a la Patagonia. No puedo ir hasta que haya ahorrado suficiente dinero y haya terminado mi proyecto en el trabajo. Será una aventura inolvidable, pero debo ser paciente hasta que todas las condiciones se cumplan.
Imagine a complex legal or scientific process. Explain one critical step using 'hasta que' to indicate dependency on a preceding action.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
En el proceso de síntesis de un nuevo compuesto químico, no se puede iniciar la fase de purificación hasta que la reacción de polimerización haya alcanzado un rendimiento mínimo del 95%. Cualquier intento prematuro resultaría en un producto impuro e inestable, lo que invalidaría todo el experimento. Por lo tanto, la espera es crucial hasta que los parámetros de reacción sean óptimos.
Reflect on a personal challenge you overcame. Use 'hasta que' to describe the persistence or effort required before you achieved your goal.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
Aprender a tocar la guitarra fue un desafío considerable. Mis dedos me dolían y a menudo me frustraba, pero no me di por vencido hasta que pude tocar mi canción favorita sin errores. Practicaba incansablemente cada día hasta que mis acordes sonaban limpios y mi ritmo era constante. Esa dedicación valió la pena hasta que finalmente dominé la técnica.
¿Cuál es la condición principal para que la reforma estructural del sistema educativo se considere completa?
Read this passage:
La reforma estructural del sistema educativo no se considerará completa hasta que se implementen plenamente las nuevas directrices curriculares en todas las instituciones a nivel nacional. Además, no se verán los beneficios a largo plazo de dichas reformas hasta que varias generaciones de estudiantes hayan pasado por el sistema modificado. Esto implica una década de seguimiento riguroso hasta que se puedan evaluar los resultados con precisión y hacer los ajustes necesarios. Solo entonces se podrá afirmar que la transformación ha sido exitosa hasta que los indicadores educativos muestren una mejora sostenida.
¿Cuál es la condición principal para que la reforma estructural del sistema educativo se considere completa?
El pasaje indica que la reforma 'no se considerará completa hasta que se implementen plenamente las nuevas directrices curriculares'.
El pasaje indica que la reforma 'no se considerará completa hasta que se implementen plenamente las nuevas directrices curriculares'.
¿Qué condición debe cumplirse antes de que un nuevo fármaco sea aprobado para su comercialización?
Read this passage:
El desarrollo de un nuevo fármaco atraviesa fases rigurosas, desde la investigación preclínica hasta los ensayos clínicos en humanos. No se aprueba un medicamento para su comercialización hasta que haya demostrado ser seguro y eficaz en todas las fases de los ensayos. Este proceso puede durar años, e incluso décadas, hasta que se recopilen suficientes datos para satisfacer a las agencias reguladoras. Además, la vigilancia post-comercialización continúa hasta que no se detecten efectos secundarios imprevistos en la población general. La cautela es máxima hasta que la seguridad del paciente esté completamente garantizada.
¿Qué condición debe cumplirse antes de que un nuevo fármaco sea aprobado para su comercialización?
El texto establece que 'no se aprueba un medicamento para su comercialización hasta que haya demostrado ser seguro y eficaz en todas las fases de los ensayos'.
El texto establece que 'no se aprueba un medicamento para su comercialización hasta que haya demostrado ser seguro y eficaz en todas las fases de los ensayos'.
¿Cuándo se considera un sistema de ciberseguridad verdaderamente robusto según el pasaje?
Read this passage:
En el ámbito de la ciberseguridad, un sistema no puede considerarse verdaderamente robusto hasta que haya resistido múltiples ataques sofisticados sin comprometer la integridad de sus datos. Los ingenieros de seguridad trabajan incansablemente, aplicando parches y actualizando protocolos, hasta que identifican y neutralizan todas las vulnerabilidades conocidas. La amenaza es constante, por lo que la monitorización debe ser ininterrumpida hasta que se desarrollen algoritmos de detección predictiva con una tasa de éxito casi perfecta. La perfección es una meta esquiva hasta que la inteligencia artificial pueda anticipar y prevenir cualquier intrusión.
¿Cuándo se considera un sistema de ciberseguridad verdaderamente robusto según el pasaje?
El pasaje indica que 'un sistema no puede considerarse verdaderamente robusto hasta que haya resistido múltiples ataques sofisticados sin comprometer la integridad de sus datos'.
El pasaje indica que 'un sistema no puede considerarse verdaderamente robusto hasta que haya resistido múltiples ataques sofisticados sin comprometer la integridad de sus datos'.
This sentence uses 'hasta que' followed by the subjunctive 'hayamos alcanzado' because it refers to an anticipated future event.
Here, 'hasta que' introduces a condition that needs to be met before the action (investigation) stops, hence the subjunctive 'se descarte'.
The subjunctive 'experimentes' is used with 'hasta que' because understanding the truth depends on a future, uncertain experience.
/ 54 correct
Perfect score!
Use 'hasta que' for actions that continue
Think of 'hasta que' as a way to express that one action or state continues up to a certain point or event. It sets a clear boundary for the first action.
Verb tense after 'hasta que'
If the action in the 'hasta que' clause is something that will happen in the future, you'll often use the subjunctive mood in Spanish. If it's something that has already happened or is a habitual action, you'll use the indicative.
Literal meaning: 'even that'
A way to help remember 'hasta que' is to think of it literally as 'even that' or 'up to that point when'. This can sometimes make the meaning clearer for English speakers.
Don't confuse with 'hasta'
Be careful not to confuse 'hasta que' with 'hasta'. 'Hasta' means 'until' or 'up to' when followed by a noun or pronoun. 'Hasta que' is followed by a clause (a subject and a verb).
Verwandte Inhalte
Verwandte Redewendungen
Mehr general Wörter
a causa de
A2For the reason of; owing to.
a condición de que
B2On condition that, provided that, or given that.
a dónde
A1To what place or destination?
a lo mejor
A2Maybe; perhaps.
a menos que
B1Unless.
a no ser que
B2Unless; should it not be that.
a pesar de
B1In spite of; despite.
a_pesar_de
B2In spite of; notwithstanding; despite.
a propósito
B2By the way, on purpose; incidentally; or intentionally.
a raíz de
B2As a result of; following directly from.
