A1 Collocation Neutral

گم کردن

gom kardan

To lose

Phrase in 30 Seconds

Use 'Gom kardan' when you can't find your keys, your way, or even yourself in a crowd.

  • Means: To lose or misplace a physical object or a direction.
  • Used in: Daily mishaps, travel confusion, and describing forgotten items.
  • Don't confuse: Never use this for losing a game; that's 'bakhtan' (باختن).
Object 🔑 + Confusion ❓ + Action 🏃 = گم کردن

Explanation at your level:

In A1, 'gom kardan' is a simple tool. It helps you say 'I lost my keys' or 'I lost my phone'. You only need to know the past tense 'gom kardam' and the present 'gom mi-konam'. It is very useful for travelers who might lose their way or their passport.
At the A2 level, you start using 'gom kardan' with different objects like 'rāh' (way) or 'āders' (address). You also learn the difference between 'gom kardan' (I lost something) and 'gom shodan' (I got lost). You can now explain *where* you lost the item using simple prepositions.
Intermediate learners use 'gom kardan' in more complex sentences, such as 'If I lose my money, I will be in trouble'. You begin to use it in the subjunctive mood (gom bokonam) and understand its use in social contexts, like losing a friend in a crowded bazaar or a shopping mall.
At this stage, you understand the nuance between 'gom kardan' and 'jā gozāshtan' (leaving something behind). You can use the phrase in professional contexts, such as losing a client's file or losing track of a conversation's main point. You also start to recognize it in popular Persian songs and media.
Advanced learners explore the metaphorical depths of 'gom kardan'. This includes losing one's cultural identity or 'losing the thread' of a complex philosophical argument. You can analyze how the verb functions in classical literature and how it contrasts with more formal Arabic-derived synonyms like 'mafqud kardan'.
Near-native mastery involves understanding the cognitive linguistics behind 'gom kardan'. You can discuss the 'Self as a Location' metaphor in Persian, where losing oneself is a common trope in Sufi mysticism. You are comfortable with all idiomatic variations, including the slang 'gom o goor kardan' and its social implications.

Bedeutung

To misplace something or fail to keep it.

🌍

Kultureller Hintergrund

The phrase 'khodash rā gom kardeh' (he has lost himself) is often used to describe someone who has become arrogant or forgotten their humble roots after gaining wealth or status. In mystical poetry, 'gom kardan' is a positive step. One must lose their ego (nafs) to find God. This is a central theme in the works of Attar and Rumi. Some Iranians believe that if you lose something, saying a specific prayer or 'Salawat' will help you find it. It's a way of turning a stressful 'gom kardan' moment into a spiritual one. In the chaotic traffic of Tehran, 'rāh rā gom kardan' is a daily reality. People often use it as a standard excuse for being late, and it is socially accepted.

⚠️

The Game Trap

Never say 'gom kardan' for sports. Your Persian friends will think you physically lost the ball or the stadium!

🎯

The 'Ra' Rule

Always use 'rā' (را) when you lose a specific item like 'my phone' or 'that book'.

Bedeutung

To misplace something or fail to keep it.

⚠️

The Game Trap

Never say 'gom kardan' for sports. Your Persian friends will think you physically lost the ball or the stadium!

🎯

The 'Ra' Rule

Always use 'rā' (را) when you lose a specific item like 'my phone' or 'that book'.

💬

Polite Excuses

Losing the way (rāh rā gom kardan) is a very common and accepted excuse for being late in Iran.

💡

Passive vs Active

Remember: 'Gom kardam' = I lost (something). 'Gom shodam' = I got lost.

Teste dich selbst

Fill in the blank with the correct form of 'gom kardan'.

من دیروز کلیدم را ______.

✓ Richtig! ✗ Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort: گم کردم

'Dirooz' (yesterday) requires the past tense.

Which sentence is correct for 'I lost the football match'?

کدام جمله درست است؟

✓ Richtig! ✗ Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort: من مسابقه فوتبال را باختم.

You use 'bakhtan' for games and matches, not 'gom kardan'.

Match the Persian phrase with its English meaning.

وصل کنید:

✓ Richtig! ✗ Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort: راه را گم کردن -> To lose the way; خود را گم کردن -> To lose oneself; گوشی را گم کردن -> To lose the phone; آدرس را گم کردن -> To lose the address

These are common collocations with 'gom kardan'.

Complete the dialogue.

علی: چرا ناراحتی؟ سارا: چون کیفم را ______.

✓ Richtig! ✗ Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort: گم کردم

Being 'nārāhat' (sad/upset) suggests she lost her bag.

🎉 Ergebnis: /4

Visuelle Lernhilfen

What can you 'Gom Kardan'?

🔑

Objects

  • • Keys
  • • Phone
  • • Wallet
🗺️

Abstract

  • • The Way
  • • Address
  • • Goal
👥

People

  • • Friend in crowd
  • • Child in mall

Gom Kardan vs. Bakhtan

Gom Kardan
Keys Object
Way Direction
Bakhtan
Football Game
Chess Match

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

Yes, but only if you mean you lost sight of them in a crowd. If you mean the friendship ended, use 'az dast dādan'.

It is neutral and used in both daily speech and formal writing. For extreme formality, use 'mafqud kardan'.

Use the passive form: 'Man gom shodam' (من گم شدم).

The opposite is 'peydā kardan' (پیدا کردن), which means 'to find'.

Yes, 'fāyl-rā gom kardam' is perfectly natural in modern Persian.

No, for wasting time or money, use 'talaf kardan' or 'dūr rikhtan'.

Gom khāham kard (formal) or Gom mi-konam (informal/future intent).

Yes, 'gom-shodegi' (the state of being lost) or 'fegdān' (formal loss).

No, use 'vazn kam kardan'.

It's an idiom meaning someone has become arrogant or forgotten their roots.

Verwandte Redewendungen

🔗

پیدا کردن

contrast

To find

🔗

گم شدن

similar

To get lost

🔗

جا گذاشتن

similar

To leave behind / misplace

🔗

از دست دادن

specialized form

To lose (an opportunity, a person, or a game)

Wo du es verwendest

✈️

At the Airport

Passenger: ببخشید، من پاسپورتم را گم کرده‌ام.

Officer: نگران نباشید، آخرین بار کجا آن را داشتید؟

formal
🚕

In a Taxi

Driver: آقا، چرا توقف کردیم؟

Passenger: فکر کنم راه را گم کردیم. باید به چپ می‌پیچیدیم.

neutral
🏠

At Home

Child: مامان، مدادم را گم کردم!

Mother: دوباره؟ همیشه وسایلت را گم می‌کنی.

informal
🛍️

Shopping Mall

Friend A: سارا کجاست؟

Friend B: نمی‌دانم، او را در شلوغی گم کردم.

neutral
💼

Job Interview

Candidate: ببخشید که دیر رسیدم، آدرس شرکت را گم کرده بودم.

Interviewer: اشکالی ندارد، خوشحالم که بالاخره پیدا کردید.

formal
📱

On Social Media

User 1: آن ویدیو را گم کردم، می‌توانی دوباره بفرستی؟

User 2: حتماً، الان لینک را می‌فرستم.

informal

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 'Gom' as 'Gone'. If it's 'Gom', it's 'Gone' from your sight!

Visual Association

Imagine a giant 'G' (for Gom) shaped like a magnifying glass looking at an empty spot where your keys should be.

Rhyme

کجا گذاشتم؟ گم کردم! (Kojā gozāshtam? Gom kardam!) - Where did I put it? I lost it!

Story

Ali was going to the 'Bazaar'. He had his 'Kelid' (key) in his pocket. He saw a beautiful carpet and 'Gom kard' (lost) his focus. When he got home, he realized he 'Gom kard' his key too!

Word Web

کلید (Key)گوشی (Phone)راه (Way)کیف (Bag)پیدا کردن (To find)فراموش کردن (To forget)کجا (Where)

Herausforderung

Try to name 5 things you have lost this year in Persian using 'من ... را گم کردم'.

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

Perder

Persian distinguishes between misplacing and failing in a competition.

French moderate

Perdre

Persian requires a compound verb structure.

German moderate

Verlieren

Persian uses different verbs for physical vs. abstract loss.

Japanese high

なくす (Nakusu)

The grammatical structure is different (SOV vs. Compound Verb).

Arabic high

فقد (Faqada) / ضيع (Dayya'a)

Persian 'gom' is a native Indo-European root, while Arabic uses triliteral roots.

Chinese high

丢 (Diū)

Chinese 'diū' can also mean 'to throw'.

Korean high

잃어버리다 (Ireobeorida)

Korean uses a complex auxiliary verb ending.

Portuguese moderate

Perder

Persian is more specific about the *type* of loss.

Easily Confused

گم کردن vs. باختن (Bakhtan)

Both mean 'to lose' in English.

Use 'Bakhtan' for games/sports. Use 'Gom kardan' for keys/wallets.

گم کردن vs. گم شدن (Gom shodan)

Learners confuse the active 'I lost' with the passive 'I am lost'.

If you are the one who can't find the way, use 'Gom shodam'. If you can't find your keys, use 'Gom kardam'.

FAQ (10)

Yes, but only if you mean you lost sight of them in a crowd. If you mean the friendship ended, use 'az dast dādan'.

It is neutral and used in both daily speech and formal writing. For extreme formality, use 'mafqud kardan'.

Use the passive form: 'Man gom shodam' (من گم شدم).

The opposite is 'peydā kardan' (پیدا کردن), which means 'to find'.

Yes, 'fāyl-rā gom kardam' is perfectly natural in modern Persian.

No, for wasting time or money, use 'talaf kardan' or 'dūr rikhtan'.

Gom khāham kard (formal) or Gom mi-konam (informal/future intent).

Yes, 'gom-shodegi' (the state of being lost) or 'fegdān' (formal loss).

No, use 'vazn kam kardan'.

It's an idiom meaning someone has become arrogant or forgotten their roots.

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