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B1 noun #1,000 am häufigsten 12 Min. Lesezeit

سرطان

saratan Top 1,000

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At the A1 level, you don't need to know the complex medical details of 'سرطان' (cancer). You should simply recognize it as a word for a very serious 'بیماری' (illness). At this stage, focus on the basic sentence: 'او مریض است' (He is sick). You might see the word on a hospital sign or in a simple news headline. It is important to know that it is a 'bad' thing. You can think of it as a special kind of 'مریضی' (sickness). Just remember the sound: Sar-a-tân. If you hear it, it usually means someone is talking about health or a doctor. You don't need to use it in your own speaking yet, but recognizing it helps you understand that the conversation is serious.

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At the A2 level, you can start using 'سرطان' in simple sentences about health. You should know that it is a noun. You can say 'سرطان بیماری سختی است' (Cancer is a hard disease). You might also learn that 'سیگار' (cigarettes) are bad because they cause 'سرطان.' At this level, you are building your vocabulary about the body and health. You should be able to identify 'سرطان' as one of the major diseases, alongside 'دیابت' (diabetes) or 'سرماخوردگی' (cold). You might hear it in simple stories about people helping each other. It is also the time to learn that 'سرطان' is the name of a month/zodiac sign, though 'تیر' is more common.

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At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'سرطان' in more detailed discussions. You should understand the Ezafe construction to describe different types, like 'سرطان پوست' (skin cancer) or 'سرطان خون' (leukemia). You should be able to talk about 'درمان' (treatment) and 'پیشگیری' (prevention). You can understand short articles about health tips to avoid cancer. You should also be aware of the emotional weight of the word in Persian culture and how people might use euphemisms. You can use verbs like 'مبتلا شدن' (to become afflicted) and 'تشخیص دادن' (to diagnose) in combination with this word. This is the level where you move from just knowing the word to understanding its context in society.

At the B2 level, you can discuss 'سرطان' in a more technical or social context. You can talk about 'خیریه' (charity) organizations that support cancer patients. You can understand news reports about 'تحقیقات سرطان' (cancer research) and 'داروهای جدید' (new drugs). You should be able to use the word metaphorically, such as 'سرطان فساد' (the cancer of corruption). Your vocabulary should include related terms like 'بدخیم' (malignant), 'شیمی‌درمانی' (chemotherapy), and 'پرتودرمانی' (radiotherapy). You can participate in a debate about environmental factors like 'آلودگی هوا' (air pollution) and their link to 'سرطان.' You understand the nuances of how the word is used in documentaries and formal interviews.

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At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of 'سرطان' in Persian literature, medical discourse, and social commentary. You can read complex medical journals or long-form essays about the history of the disease in Iran. You understand the etymological link to the Arabic word for 'crab' and how this influenced ancient Persian medicine (طب سنتی). You can use the word in sophisticated metaphors about sociology, politics, and philosophy. You are comfortable with all technical derivatives like 'سرطان‌شناسی' (oncology) and 'اپیدمیولوژی' (epidemiology). You can navigate sensitive conversations with native speakers, using appropriate euphemisms or direct language as the situation requires, showing high cultural intelligence.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'سرطان' is near-native. You can appreciate the word's use in classical Persian poetry where it might refer to the zodiac or the slow, 'crab-like' progression of fate. You can lead professional seminars or give presentations on oncology in Persian. You understand the subtle linguistic shifts in how the word has been used over the last century, from a taboo subject to a public health priority. You can analyze the rhetoric used by NGOs and the government in cancer-related policies. You can detect irony, dark humor, or deep pathos in literary works that use 'سرطان' as a central theme. Your command of the word and its vast web of associations is complete.

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سرطان in 30 Sekunden

Saratan is the Persian word for cancer, a serious medical condition involving abnormal cell growth.
It is also the name for the zodiac sign Cancer and the month of Tir in the traditional calendar.
The word is of Arabic origin and historically means 'crab,' reflecting the physical appearance of tumors.
In modern Persian, it is used in medical, social, and metaphorical contexts to describe destructive growth.

The Persian word سرطان (pronounced as 'sar-a-tân') is a multifaceted noun primarily used in medical, astrological, and metaphorical contexts. At its core, it refers to the medical condition known as cancer—a disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. However, its roots and applications extend far beyond the hospital walls. Understanding this word requires looking at its linguistic history, where it originally meant 'crab,' mirroring the Latin etymology of the English word 'cancer.' In modern Persian, while the biological crab is usually called 'خرچنگ' (kharchang), 'سرطان' remains the formal term for the fourth sign of the zodiac and the disease itself.

Medical Context: In a clinical setting, this word is used to describe any malignant tumor or neoplastic disease. Doctors use it in phrases like 'سرطان خون' (leukemia) or 'سرطان سینه' (breast cancer). It carries a heavy emotional weight in Iranian society, often discussed with a mix of fear and deep empathy.
Astrological Usage: In the Persian calendar and astrology, 'سرطان' represents the month of Tir (June 22 – July 22). It corresponds to the constellation Cancer. While modern Iranians use the solar calendar months, 'سرطان' is still found in classical literature and horoscopes.
Metaphorical Application: Metaphorically, 'سرطان' describes anything that spreads destructively and uncontrollably within a system, such as 'سرطان فساد' (the cancer of corruption) or 'سرطان ترافیک' (the cancer of traffic). It implies a deep-rooted problem that is difficult to eradicate.

پزشکان در حال تحقیق برای یافتن درمان قطعی سرطان هستند.
Translation: Doctors are researching to find a definitive cure for cancer.

When people use this word in Iran, there is often a cultural hesitation. Older generations might refer to it as 'آن بیماری' (that disease) or 'بیماری سخت' (the hard disease) to avoid 'summoning' the ill fortune associated with the name. However, in modern health awareness campaigns, the word is used directly and courageously to promote early detection and screening. You will see it on billboards, in pharmacy windows, and in scientific journals.

او از سرطان جان سالم به در برد و اکنون یک فعال اجتماعی است.
Translation: He survived cancer and is now a social activist.

The word also appears in historical texts. In ancient Persian medicine (influenced by Greek and Arabic traditions), 'سرطان' was described based on its physical appearance—a hard mass with swollen veins radiating outward, resembling the legs of a crab. This visual analogy is why the name stuck for over a millennium. In modern times, the word has become synonymous with the fight for life, resilience, and the advancements of biotechnology in the Middle East.

Social Impact: Charities like 'MAHAK' in Iran have changed the public perception of 'سرطان' from a death sentence to a manageable condition, focusing heavily on pediatric oncology and support systems.

فساد اداری مانند یک سرطان در بدنه دولت ریشه دوانده است.
Translation: Administrative corruption has taken root like a cancer in the body of the government.

Using the word سرطان correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a noun and its common associations with verbs like 'داشتن' (to have), 'مبتلا شدن' (to become afflicted with), and 'درمان کردن' (to treat). Because it is a formal and scientific term, it doesn't change much between spoken and written Persian, though the pronunciation of the final 'n' might be slightly softened in casual speech.

Subject of a Sentence: When 'سرطان' is the subject, it often performs an action of spreading or affecting. Example: 'سرطان به سرعت پیشرفت کرد' (The cancer progressed rapidly).
Object of a Sentence: When it is the object, it usually follows a preposition or is the target of a medical action. Example: 'آن‌ها سرطان را زود تشخیص دادند' (They diagnosed the cancer early).

پیشگیری از سرطان با تغذیه سالم امکان‌پذیر است.
Translation: Preventing cancer is possible with healthy nutrition.

In Persian, when you want to say someone 'has' cancer, you can use the simple verb 'داشتن' (to have), but a more formal and common way in medical reports is to use the phrase 'مبتلا به سرطان بودن' (to be afflicted with cancer). This uses the Arabic-derived word 'مبتلا' (mobtala), which adds a level of clinical precision. For example, 'او مبتلا به سرطان کبد است' (He is afflicted with liver cancer).

علائم اولیه سرطان نباید نادیده گرفته شوند.
Translation: Early symptoms of cancer should not be ignored.

Furthermore, 'سرطان' is often paired with 'بدخیم' (malignant) or 'خوش‌خیم' (benign), although 'خوش‌خیم' is technically used for tumors (تومور) rather than cancer itself, as cancer is by definition malignant. However, in common parlance, you might hear people ask, 'آیا سرطانش خوش‌خیم است؟' (Is his cancer benign?), which is a medical contradiction but a common linguistic occurrence where people substitute 'cancer' for 'tumor'.

Common Verb Pairings

تشخیص دادن (To diagnose)
مبارزه کردن (To fight/battle)
شکست دادن (To defeat)
غربالگری کردن (To screen)

او سال‌ها با بیماری سرطان جنگید.
Translation: He fought the disease of cancer for years.

In academic writing, you will see 'سرطان‌شناسی' (Oncology) and 'سرطان‌زا' (Carcinogenic). For instance, 'سیگار یک ماده سرطان‌زا است' (Cigarettes are a carcinogenic substance). This demonstrates how the root word 'سرطان' acts as a base for various scientific terms. Whether you are reading a medical brochure or a news article about environmental hazards, these derivatives are essential for B1-level proficiency.

You will encounter the word سرطان in several distinct environments in the Persian-speaking world. From the sterile halls of a Tehran hospital to the dramatic scenes of a 'Filimo' series, the word carries different tones depending on the setting. It is a word of science, a word of tragedy, and occasionally, a word of cosmic destiny.

In Medical Facilities: In hospitals like 'Mahak' or 'Imam Khomeini,' you will hear doctors discussing 'شیمی‌درمانی' (chemotherapy) in relation to 'سرطان.' Here, the word is used with clinical detachment. Nurses might ask patients about their 'سابقه سرطان در خانواده' (family history of cancer).
In News and Media: News broadcasts on IRIB often feature segments on 'هفته ملی مبارزه با سرطان' (National Cancer Fight Week). Journalists report on new research findings or the impact of pollution on 'نرخ ابتلا به سرطان' (cancer incidence rates).

اخبار اعلام کرد که آلودگی هوا باعث افزایش سرطان ریه شده است.
Translation: The news announced that air pollution has caused an increase in lung cancer.

In Iranian cinema and television dramas, 'سرطان' is a frequent plot device used to create emotional stakes. Characters often discover they have 'سرطان' in a climactic scene, leading to themes of reconciliation and legacy. In these contexts, the word is spoken with heavy pauses and tearful eyes, emphasizing its role as a life-altering event. It is rarely just a word; it is a catalyst for the narrative.

در این فیلم، قهرمان داستان با بیماری سرطان دست و پنجه نرم می‌کند.
Translation: In this movie, the protagonist struggles with cancer.

Socially, you might hear it in conversations about charity. 'خیریه' (charity) organizations are very active in Iran, and 'کمک به کودکان سرطانی' (helping children with cancer) is a common cause. You will see donation boxes in shops with pictures of bald children, a visual shorthand for the struggle against 'سرطان.' This communal aspect of the word highlights the solidarity in Iranian culture when facing such a disease.

Academic and Scientific Circles: At universities, students of biology and medicine study 'زیست‌شناسی سرطان' (cancer biology). They discuss 'مکانیسم‌های سلولی' (cellular mechanisms) and 'جهش‌های ژنتیکی' (genetic mutations) that lead to the disease.

کنفرانس بین‌المللی سرطان ماه آینده در تهران برگزار می‌شود.
Translation: The international cancer conference will be held in Tehran next month.

Lastly, in the realm of astrology, while 'تیر' is the month name, an old-fashioned person or a practitioner of traditional medicine might still refer to the sign of Cancer as 'برج سرطان' (The Tower/Sign of Cancer). This is less common today but adds a layer of historical depth to the word's usage in the Persian language.

Learning to use سرطان correctly involves avoiding several common pitfalls, ranging from pronunciation errors to conceptual misunderstandings. Because the word exists in both English and Persian with similar meanings, students often assume the usage is identical, but there are subtle differences in collocation and cultural etiquette.

Pronunciation Pitfall: English speakers often mispronounce the 'a' sounds. The first 'a' in 'Saratan' is a short 'a' (like 'cat'), while the second 'a' is a long 'â' (like 'father'). Misplacing the stress or vowel length can make the word unrecognizable or sound like 'Sartan' (which isn't a word in Persian).
Confusing Cancer with Tumor: In English, we often use 'cancer' and 'tumor' interchangeably in casual talk. In Persian, 'تومور' (tumor) is the growth, and 'سرطان' is the disease. Saying 'او یک سرطان در مغزش دارد' (He has a cancer in his brain) is grammatically awkward. It is better to say 'او تومور مغزی دارد' (He has a brain tumor) or 'او سرطان مغز دارد' (He has brain cancer).

اشتباه: او به سرطان سرما خورده است. (Mistake: He has caught a cancer cold.)
Explanation: Cancer is not something you 'catch' like a cold (سرما خوردن). Use 'مبتلا شدن' (to become afflicted).

Another mistake is the incorrect use of the Ezafe. When specifying the type of cancer, the Ezafe '-e' must be attached to 'سرطان.' For example, 'سرطانِ معده' (Stomach cancer). Some learners forget this and say 'سرطان معده' without the linking sound, which sounds disjointed. Also, remember that 'سرطان' is the disease, while 'سرطانی' (saratan-i) is the adjective meaning 'cancerous' or 'related to cancer.'

درست: او از بیماری سرطان رنج می‌برد.
Correct: He suffers from the disease of cancer.

Learners also struggle with the pluralization. While 'سرطان‌ها' exists, it is rarely used. If you want to talk about different types of cancer, it is more natural to say 'انواع سرطان' (types of cancer) rather than just pluralizing the word itself. This is a common pattern in Persian where 'types of [Noun]' is preferred over the plural noun for abstract or medical terms.

Preposition Errors: Don't say 'سرطان در ریه' (Cancer in lung) as a title. Use the Ezafe: 'سرطانِ ریه.' The preposition 'در' (in) is only used when describing the location of a tumor within an organ in a full sentence, like 'تومور در قسمت چپ ریه قرار دارد.'

اشتباه: او سرطان است. (Mistake: He is cancer.)
Explanation: You must say 'He HAS cancer' (سرطان دارد) or 'He is AFFLICTED with cancer' (مبتلا به سرطان است).

Finally, be careful with the word 'خرچنگ' (crab). While 'سرطان' means crab in Arabic and old Persian, if you are at a seafood restaurant in North Iran, never order 'سرطان'! You must use 'خرچنگ.' Ordering 'سرطان' would sound like you are asking for a disease on a plate.

While سرطان is the standard term for the disease, Persian offers several related words and synonyms that vary by register (formal vs. informal) and specific medical meaning. Knowing these will help you navigate medical conversations and literature more effectively.

تومور (Tumor): A direct loanword from Latin/English. It refers to the physical mass. A tumor can be 'خوش‌خیم' (benign) or 'بدخیم' (malignant). If it is 'بدخیم,' it is then categorized as 'سرطان.'
بیماری سخت (Hard Disease): A common euphemism used in social settings to avoid the 'heavy' word 'سرطان.' It is used out of respect for the patient's morale or from a superstitious belief that naming the disease makes it worse.
نئوپلاسم (Neoplasm): A highly technical, academic term used in pathology reports. You won't hear this in daily conversation, but you will see it in medical textbooks.

پزشک گفت که تومور بدخیم است، یعنی بیمار سرطان دارد.
Translation: The doctor said the tumor is malignant, meaning the patient has cancer.

When comparing 'سرطان' to its alternatives, it's important to note the 'register.' 'سرطان' is the most accurate and common term. Euphemisms like 'آن بیماری' (that illness) are strictly informal and emotional. In contrast, terms like 'ضایعه' (lesion) are used when the nature of the growth is still unknown or when being vague is preferred.

او یک غده در گردنش حس کرد و به پزشک مراجعه کرد.
Translation: He felt a lump (ghoddeh) in his neck and went to the doctor.

In the context of astrology, the alternative is 'برج تیر' (The Sign of Tir). While 'سرطان' is the traditional name for the constellation, modern Iranians almost exclusively use the month name 'تیر' to identify someone's birth sign. If you say 'من متولد تیر هستم' (I am born in Tir), it is the same as saying 'I am a Cancer' in English.

خرچنگ (Crab): As mentioned, this is the biological animal. While 'سرطان' is the root, 'خرچنگ' is the word you need for nature documentaries or menus. Using them interchangeably is a sign of a learner who hasn't mastered the modern distinction.

واژه سرطان در عربی به معنای خرچنگ است.
Translation: The word 'Saratan' in Arabic means 'crab'.

In summary, use 'سرطان' for the disease, 'تومور' for the physical mass, 'غده' for a suspicious lump, and 'تیر' for the zodiac sign in casual conversation. This nuanced approach will make your Persian sound much more natural and sensitive to the context.

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

Even though 'سرطان' means crab in Arabic, Persian uses the word 'خرچنگ' (kharchang) for the animal. 'Saratan' is reserved almost exclusively for the disease and the zodiac sign, creating a clear distinction that doesn't exist in Arabic.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /sæ.ræ.tɒːn/

US /sæ.ræ.tɑːn/

The primary stress is on the final syllable: 'tân'.

Reimt sich auf

داستان (Dâstân - Story) بوستان (Bustân - Garden) زمستان (Zemestân - Winter) تابستان (Tâbestân - Summer) بیابان (Biyâbân - Desert) پایان (Pâyân - End) ایمان (Imân - Faith) درمان (Darmân - Cure/Treatment)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing the first 'a' as a long 'â' (Sâratân).
Pronouncing it like the English 'Satan' (completely different word).
Missing the 'r' sound in the middle.
Putting the stress on the first syllable.
Shortening the final 'â' to a short 'a'.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 3/5

The word itself is easy to read, but it often appears in complex medical texts.

Schreiben 4/5

Requires correct use of Ezafe and spelling of the 'tân' part.

Sprechen 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward if you distinguish the two 'a' sounds.

Hören 2/5

Easy to recognize in health-related contexts.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

بیماری (Disease) بدن (Body) دکتر (Doctor) درد (Pain) دارو (Medicine)

Als Nächstes lernen

شیمی‌درمانی (Chemotherapy) تومور (Tumor) جراحی (Surgery) بهبودی (Recovery) سلامتی (Health)

Fortgeschritten

متاستاز (Metastasis) بدخیمی (Malignancy) پاتولوژی (Pathology) ایمونوتراپی (Immunotherapy) ژنتیک (Genetics)

Wichtige Grammatik

Ezafe with Medical Terms

سرطانِ کبد (Liver cancer) - The 'e' sound links the disease to the organ.

Adjective Suffix '-i'

سرطانی (Cancerous) - Adding 'i' to the noun 'saratan' makes it an adjective.

Compound Nouns with '-shenasi'

سرطان‌شناسی (Oncology) - '-shenasi' means 'the study of'.

Compound Adjectives with '-za'

سرطان‌زا (Carcinogenic) - '-za' means 'producing' or 'generating'.

Preposition 'به' with 'مبتلا'

مبتلا به سرطان (Afflicted with cancer) - 'به' is always used with 'mobtala'.

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Beispiele nach Niveau

سرطان یک بیماری است.

Cancer is a disease.

Simple subject-predicate sentence.

او سرطان دارد.

He/She has cancer.

Using the verb 'داشتن' (to have).

پدربزرگ من سرطان داشت.

My grandfather had cancer.

Past tense of 'داشتن'.

دکتر درباره سرطان حرف زد.

The doctor talked about cancer.

Using the preposition 'درباره' (about).

آیا سرطان خطرناک است؟

Is cancer dangerous?

Simple question structure.

من از سرطان می‌ترسم.

I am afraid of cancer.

Using 'از ... ترسیدن' (to be afraid of).

کتابی درباره سرطان بخرید.

Buy a book about cancer.

Imperative mood.

نام این بیماری سرطان است.

The name of this disease is cancer.

Using 'نام' (name) as the subject.

سیگار کشیدن باعث سرطان می‌شود.

Smoking causes cancer.

Using 'باعث ... شدن' (to cause).

او برای درمان سرطان به بیمارستان رفت.

He went to the hospital for cancer treatment.

Using 'برای' (for) to show purpose.

بسیاری از مردم از سرطان می‌میرند.

Many people die from cancer.

Present continuous sense of a general fact.

ما باید درباره سرطان بیشتر بدانیم.

We must know more about cancer.

Using the modal 'باید' (must).

سرطان ریه خیلی بد است.

Lung cancer is very bad.

Ezafe construction: 'سرطانِ ریه'.

دوست من سرطان را شکست داد.

My friend defeated cancer.

Using 'شکست دادن' (to defeat).

ورزش کردن خطر سرطان را کم می‌کند.

Exercising reduces the risk of cancer.

Using 'کم کردن' (to reduce).

آیا درمان سرطان گران است؟

Is cancer treatment expensive?

Adjective 'گران' (expensive) describing the treatment.

تشخیص زودهنگام سرطان جان انسان‌ها را نجات می‌دهد.

Early diagnosis of cancer saves human lives.

Compound subject 'تشخیص زودهنگام سرطان'.

او به دلیل سرطان سینه تحت درمان است.

She is under treatment due to breast cancer.

Using 'تحت درمان بودن' (to be under treatment).

خیریه محک به کودکان مبتلا به سرطان کمک می‌کند.

The Mahak charity helps children afflicted with cancer.

Using 'مبتلا به' (afflicted with).

دانشمندان در حال مطالعه روی سلول‌های سرطانی هستند.

Scientists are studying cancer cells.

Using the adjective 'سرطانی' (cancerous).

سرطان پوست معمولاً به دلیل نور خورشید ایجاد می‌شود.

Skin cancer is usually caused by sunlight.

Passive-like construction 'ایجاد شدن' (to be created/caused).

او پس از شیمی‌درمانی، سرطان را پشت سر گذاشت.

After chemotherapy, he left cancer behind (overcame it).

Idiomatic verb 'پشت سر گذاشتن' (to overcome/leave behind).

تغذیه سالم نقش مهمی در پیشگیری از سرطان دارد.

Healthy nutrition plays an important role in cancer prevention.

Using 'نقش داشتن' (to have a role).

برخی از انواع سرطان ارثی هستند.

Some types of cancer are hereditary.

Using 'انواع' (types) and 'ارثی' (hereditary).

آلودگی محیط زیست یکی از عوامل اصلی بروز سرطان است.

Environmental pollution is one of the main factors in the occurrence of cancer.

Using 'عوامل' (factors) and 'بروز' (occurrence).

غربالگری منظم می‌تواند نرخ مرگ و میر ناشی از سرطان را کاهش دهد.

Regular screening can reduce the mortality rate caused by cancer.

Using 'ناشی از' (caused by/resulting from).

این دارو برای مهار رشد تومورهای سرطانی طراحی شده است.

This drug is designed to inhibit the growth of cancerous tumors.

Using 'مهار کردن' (to inhibit/restrain).

بیماران سرطانی نیاز به حمایت روحی و روانی دارند.

Cancer patients need spiritual and psychological support.

Using 'حمایت روحی و روانی' (psychological support).

فساد اداری مثل یک سرطان در جامعه گسترش یافته است.

Administrative corruption has spread like a cancer in society.

Metaphorical use of 'سرطان'.

پیشرفت‌های پزشکی باعث شده که سرطان دیگر یک حکم مرگ نباشد.

Medical advancements have made it so that cancer is no longer a death sentence.

Using 'حکم مرگ' (death sentence) as a metaphor.

او تخصص خود را در زمینه سرطان‌شناسی دریافت کرد.

He received his specialization in the field of oncology.

Using 'سرطان‌شناسی' (oncology).

عوارض جانبی درمان سرطان می‌تواند بسیار دشوار باشد.

The side effects of cancer treatment can be very difficult.

Using 'عوارض جانبی' (side effects).

اپیدمیولوژی سرطان در کشورهای در حال توسعه چالش‌های پیچیده‌ای دارد.

The epidemiology of cancer in developing countries has complex challenges.

Academic terminology: 'اپیدمیولوژی'.

مکانیسم‌های مولکولی که منجر به سرطان می‌شوند هنوز کاملاً شناخته نشده‌اند.

The molecular mechanisms that lead to cancer are not yet fully understood.

Using 'منجر به ... شدن' (to lead to).

تابوی اجتماعی پیرامون سرطان در حال فروپاشی است.

The social taboo surrounding cancer is collapsing.

Using 'تابو' (taboo) and 'فروپاشی' (collapse).

اخلاق پزشکی در مواجهه با بیماران سرطانی در مراحل پایانی بسیار حساس است.

Medical ethics are very sensitive when facing end-stage cancer patients.

Using 'اخلاق پزشکی' (medical ethics).

او در کتاب خود، سرطان را به عنوان استعاره‌ای از زوال مدرنیته به کار برده است.

In his book, he has used cancer as a metaphor for the decline of modernity.

Using 'استعاره' (metaphor) and 'زوال' (decline).

تأمین هزینه‌های سرسام‌آور داروهای سرطان برای بسیاری از خانواده‌ها غیرممکن است.

Providing for the staggering costs of cancer drugs is impossible for many families.

Using 'سرسام‌آور' (staggering/dizzying).

ایمونوتراپی انقلابی در شیوه برخورد با انواع سرطان ایجاد کرده است.

Immunotherapy has created a revolution in the way various cancers are approached.

Using 'ایمونوتراپی' (immunotherapy).

عدالت در سلامت ایجاب می‌کند که همه به امکانات تشخیص سرطان دسترسی داشته باشند.

Health equity requires that everyone has access to cancer diagnosis facilities.

Using 'عدالت در سلامت' (health equity).

واکاوی متون کهن نشان می‌دهد که واژه سرطان ریشه در مشاهدات بالینی قرون وسطی دارد.

Analysis of ancient texts shows that the word 'saratan' is rooted in medieval clinical observations.

Using 'واکاوی' (analysis/probing) and 'بالینی' (clinical).

سرطان در این منظومه، نمادی از تقدیر گریزناپذیر و فرسایش تدریجی روح است.

In this poem, cancer is a symbol of inescapable fate and the gradual erosion of the soul.

Using 'منظومه' (poem/system) and 'فرسایش' (erosion).

سیاست‌گذاری‌های کلان باید بر کاهش عوامل سرطان‌زا در صنایع سنگین تمرکز کنند.

Macro-policies must focus on reducing carcinogenic factors in heavy industries.

Using 'سیاست‌گذاری‌های کلان' (macro-policies).

تداخلات دارویی در رژیم‌های درمانی سرطان نیازمند پایش دقیق و مستمر است.

Drug interactions in cancer treatment regimens require precise and continuous monitoring.

Using 'پایش' (monitoring) and 'مستمر' (continuous).

رویکرد کل‌نگر به درمان سرطان، ابعاد معنوی و زیستی بیمار را همزمان در نظر می‌گیرد.

A holistic approach to cancer treatment considers the spiritual and biological dimensions of the patient simultaneously.

Using 'کل‌نگر' (holistic).

پدیده مقاومت دارویی در سلول‌های سرطانی، سد بزرگی در برابر شفای کامل است.

The phenomenon of drug resistance in cancer cells is a major barrier to complete healing.

Using 'مقاومت دارویی' (drug resistance).

بازنمایی سرطان در رسانه‌ها اغلب با اغراق‌های دراماتیک همراه است که واقعیت را مخدوش می‌کند.

The representation of cancer in media is often accompanied by dramatic exaggerations that distort reality.

Using 'بازنمایی' (representation) and 'مخدوش کردن' (to distort).

تبیین ژنتیکی سرطان افق‌های جدیدی را در پزشکی شخصی‌سازی شده گشوده است.

The genetic explanation of cancer has opened new horizons in personalized medicine.

Using 'تبیین' (explanation/elucidation).

Häufige Kollokationen

سرطان خون

درمان سرطان

پیشگیری از سرطان

تشخیص سرطان

بیمار سرطانی

سلول‌های سرطانی

عوامل سرطان‌زا

غربالگری سرطان

مرگ بر اثر سرطان

تحقیقات سرطان

Häufige Phrasen

مبتلا به سرطان

— Afflicted with cancer. This is the standard formal way to say someone has the disease.

او متأسفانه مبتلا به سرطان شده است.

سرطان بدخیم

— Malignant cancer. Used to emphasize the dangerous nature of the disease.

نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که او سرطان بدخیم دارد.

شکست دادن سرطان

— To defeat cancer. Used when a patient recovers completely.

او با امیدواری توانست سرطان را شکست دهد.

علائم سرطان

— Symptoms of cancer. Used in health education.

باید علائم سرطان را جدی بگیریم.

سابقه سرطان

— History of cancer. Usually refers to family medical history.

آیا در خانواده شما سابقه سرطان وجود دارد؟

مبارزه با سرطان

— Fighting cancer. Used for both personal battles and social campaigns.

امروز روز جهانی مبارزه با سرطان است.

پیشرفت سرطان

— Progression of cancer. Used to describe the disease getting worse.

پزشکان سعی کردند از پیشرفت سرطان جلوگیری کنند.

انواع سرطان

— Types of cancer. Used when discussing the disease generally.

انواع سرطان با روش‌های مختلف درمان می‌شوند.

خیریه سرطان

— Cancer charity. Organizations that help patients.

او تمام ثروتش را به یک خیریه سرطان بخشید.

داروی سرطان

— Cancer drug. Refers to medication specifically for this disease.

قیمت داروهای سرطان بسیار بالا است.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

سرطان vs خرچنگ

Don't use 'Saratan' for the animal crab; use 'Kharchang'.

سرطان vs تومور

A tumor is the growth; cancer is the disease. Not all tumors are cancer.

سرطان vs تیر

In modern Persian, the zodiac sign is usually called 'Tir', not 'Saratan'.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"مثل سرطان پخش شدن"

— To spread like cancer. Used for things that grow destructively and fast, like rumors or corruption.

شایعات مثل سرطان در شهر پخش شد.

Informal/Metaphorical

"سرطانِ جامعه"

— The cancer of society. Refers to a deep-seated social evil like poverty or crime.

بی‌سوادی سرطانِ واقعی این جامعه است.

Formal/Literary

"سرطان گرفتن از دست کسی"

— To get cancer from someone (figuratively). Used when someone is extremely annoying or stressful.

از دست این بچه‌ها آخرش سرطان می‌گیرم!

Very Informal/Slang (Use with caution)

"ریشه سرطان را خشکاندن"

— To dry up the roots of cancer. Used for completely eradicating a major problem.

دولت باید ریشه سرطان فساد را بخشکاند.

Formal/Political

"سرطانِ وقت"

— Cancer of time. Refers to something that wastes a lot of time uselessly.

شبکه‌های اجتماعی گاهی سرطانِ وقت هستند.

Informal

"با سرطان دست و پنجه نرم کردن"

— To wrestle with cancer. A common way to describe the struggle of a patient.

او سال‌هاست که با سرطان دست و پنجه نرم می‌کند.

Journalistic/Formal

"سرطانِ روح"

— Cancer of the soul. Refers to deep psychological pain or bitterness.

حسادت مثل سرطانِ روح انسان را از بین می‌برد.

Literary

"درمانِ سرطان"

— Cure for cancer. Often used as a metaphor for an impossible or highly sought-after solution.

فکر می‌کنی درمانِ سرطان را پیدا کرده‌ای؟ (Sarcastic)

Informal

"برج سرطان"

— The Tower of Cancer. Refers to the zodiac sign, implying a certain destiny or personality.

او در برج سرطان متولد شده است.

Archaic/Astrological

"سرطان‌وار"

— Cancer-like. Used as an adverb to describe something spreading uncontrollably.

شهر سرطان‌وار در حال بزرگ شدن است.

Literary/Academic

Leicht verwechselbar

سرطان vs سرطان

Because of its Arabic root meaning crab.

In Persian, 'Saratan' is only the disease or zodiac, while 'Kharchang' is the animal.

من سرطان (disease) دارم vs من خرچنگ (animal) می‌خورم.

سرطان vs غده

Both refer to lumps in the body.

A 'ghoddeh' can be a normal gland or a benign lump. 'Saratan' is always malignant.

او یک غده در گلو دارد که سرطان نیست.

سرطان vs بیماری

Both refer to being unwell.

'Bimari' is any illness. 'Saratan' is a specific, very serious illness.

سرماخوردگی یک بیماری است، اما سرطان نیست.

سرطان vs تومور

Often used interchangeably in English.

In Persian medical context, 'tumor' is the physical mass, 'saratan' is the condition.

تومور او خوش‌خیم است، پس سرطان ندارد.

سرطان vs مبتلا

Used to describe having a disease.

'Mobtala' is the adjective (afflicted), 'Saratan' is the noun (cancer).

او به سرطان مبتلا است.

Satzmuster

[Person] سرطان دارد.

علی سرطان دارد.

[Thing] باعث سرطان می‌شود.

سیگار باعث سرطان می‌شود.

[Person] مبتلا به سرطانِ [Organ] است.

او مبتلا به سرطان معده است.

پیشگیری از سرطان با [Action] ممکن است.

پیشگیری از سرطان با ورزش ممکن است.

[Factor] خطر بروز سرطان را افزایش می‌دهد.

استرس خطر بروز سرطان را افزایش می‌دهد.

درمان سرطان شامل [Method] است.

درمان سرطان شامل شیمی‌درمانی است.

پژوهش‌ها نشان‌دهنده رابطه بین [X] و سرطان هستند.

پژوهش‌ها نشان‌دهنده رابطه بین رژیم غذایی و سرطان هستند.

تبیینِ ماهیتِ سرطان نیازمندِ [Complex Action] است.

تبیین ماهیت سرطان نیازمند واکاوی ژنتیکی است.

Wortfamilie

Substantive

سرطان (Cancer)

سرطان‌شناسی (Oncology)

سرطان‌شناس (Oncologist)

سرطان‌زایی (Carcinogenesis)

Verben

سرطانی شدن (To become cancerous)

سرطان گرفتن (To get cancer)

Adjektive

سرطانی (Cancerous)

سرطان‌زا (Carcinogenic)

ضد سرطان (Anti-cancer)

Verwandt

تومور (Tumor)

شیمی‌درمانی (Chemotherapy)

پرتودرمانی (Radiotherapy)

متاستاز (Metastasis)

بدخیم (Malignant)

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So verwendest du es

frequency

Common in medical, news, and social support contexts.

Häufige Fehler

Using 'Saratan' for a crab in a restaurant. → Use 'Kharchang'.
Ordering 'Saratan' sounds like you are ordering a disease.
Saying 'او سرطان است' (He is cancer). → او سرطان دارد (He has cancer).
In Persian, you 'have' a disease, you aren't the disease itself.
Forgetting the Ezafe: 'سرطان معده'. → سرطانِ معده (Saratan-e ma'de).
The Ezafe is required to link the noun to its modifier.
Pronouncing it 'Satan'. → Saratan.
Missing the 'ra' syllable changes the word entirely.
Using 'Saratan' as a light joke. → Avoid using it jokingly.
It is a very serious and often tragic topic in Iranian culture.

Tipps

Learn the Ezafe

Always remember the 'e' sound when connecting 'Saratan' to a body part. It's 'Saratan-e Rieh', not 'Saratan Rieh'.

Be Sensitive

If someone tells you they have 'Saratan', respond with 'Inshallah behtari' (God willing, you'll get better) or 'Omidvaram zood khoob shid' (I hope you get well soon).

Noun vs Adjective

'Saratan' is the noun. 'Saratani' is the adjective. Use 'Saratani' for 'cancerous cells' (selul-haye saratani).

Stress the End

The stress in Persian nouns is almost always on the last syllable. Say 'sar-a-TAN'.

Formal vs Informal

In an essay, use 'مبتلا به سرطان'. In a text message to a friend, 'سرطان داره' is fine.

Context Clues

If you hear 'Mahak' (محک), you know the topic is likely about children with cancer.

The Crab Link

Remember that 'Saratan' and 'Cancer' both mean 'Crab' in their original languages (Arabic and Latin).

Carcinogens

Learn the word 'سرطان‌زا' (saratan-za) to talk about things that cause cancer, like pollution.

Zodiac Knowledge

Even if you don't believe in astrology, knowing 'Saratan' is the sign of Cancer helps you understand older literature.

Stay Positive

When using the word, try to pair it with words like 'darman' (treatment) or 'behboodi' (recovery) to keep the conversation hopeful.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of a 'Crab' (Saratan) pinching the body. In many languages, the word for cancer and crab is the same. Just remember: 'Sara' is a girl who 'Tan'ned (tân) too much and got 'Saratan' (skin cancer).

Visuelle Assoziation

Visualize the constellation Cancer, which looks like a crab. Now imagine those crab legs as the spreading roots of a disease. This connects the animal, the zodiac, and the illness.

Word Web

بیماری (Disease) دکتر (Doctor) بیمارستان (Hospital) درمان (Treatment) دارو (Medicine) امید (Hope) مرگ (Death) زندگی (Life)

Herausforderung

Try to write three sentences using 'سرطان': one about a type of cancer, one about a doctor, and one about a healthy habit that prevents it.

Wortherkunft

The word 'سرطان' is borrowed from Arabic. In Arabic, 'saraṭān' (سرطان) literally means 'crab.' This is a direct translation of the Greek word 'karkinos,' which was used by Hippocrates to describe tumors because of the way the swollen veins resembled a crab's legs.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: Crab (the animal).

Semitic (Arabic) origin, integrated into Indo-European (Persian).

Kultureller Kontext

Be very careful when using this word around people who are ill. It is often better to use 'بیماری' (illness) unless you are in a medical context.

English speakers use 'Cancer' for both the disease and the zodiac. In Persian, 'Saratan' is the disease/zodiac, but 'Kharchang' is the animal. Don't mix them up!

The Mahak Charity Foundation (the most famous cancer-related entity in Iran). Abbas Kiarostami (famous director whose death was related to cancer-related complications). Morteza Pashaei (a beloved singer whose death from stomach cancer caused national mourning).

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Hospital/Clinic

بخش سرطان (Cancer ward)
آزمایش سرطان (Cancer test)
متخصص سرطان (Cancer specialist)
مراحل سرطان (Stages of cancer)

News/Media

آمار سرطان (Cancer statistics)
کشف جدید در درمان سرطان (New discovery in cancer treatment)
کمپین آگاهی از سرطان (Cancer awareness campaign)
هزینه‌های درمان سرطان (Cancer treatment costs)

Daily Conversation

خدا نکند کسی سرطان بگیرد (God forbid anyone gets cancer)
سرطان شوخی نیست (Cancer is no joke)
او سرطان را شکست داد (He defeated cancer)
بیماری سختی است (It's a hard disease)

Science/Biology

تقسیم سلولی و سرطان (Cell division and cancer)
ژن‌های سرطان‌زا (Carcinogenic genes)
محیط کشت سلول‌های سرطانی (Cancer cell culture medium)
بیولوژی سرطان (Cancer biology)

Charity/NGOs

کمک به بیماران سرطانی (Helping cancer patients)
قلک محک (Mahak donation box)
داوطلب در بخش سرطان (Volunteer in the cancer ward)
حمایت از کودکان سرطانی (Supporting children with cancer)

Gesprächseinstiege

"آیا می‌دانستید که تغذیه چقدر در پیشگیری از سرطان مهم است؟"

"نظر شما درباره پیشرفت‌های اخیر در درمان سرطان چیست؟"

"چگونه می‌توانیم از بیمارانی که با سرطان مبارزه می‌کنند حمایت کنیم؟"

"آیا در کشور شما هم خیریه‌های بزرگی برای سرطان وجود دارد؟"

"به نظر شما آلودگی هوا چقدر در افزایش نرخ سرطان تأثیر دارد؟"

Tagebuch-Impulse

درباره اهمیت امید در مبارزه با بیماری‌های سختی مثل سرطان بنویسید.

اگر یک دانشمند بودید، چگونه برای یافتن درمان سرطان تلاش می‌کردید؟

نقش ورزش و سبک زندگی سالم را در دوری از سرطان توصیف کنید.

احساس خود را درباره کسانی که سرطان را شکست داده‌اند بیان کنید.

چرا در برخی فرهنگ‌ها صحبت کردن درباره سرطان یک تابو است؟

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

Yes, in modern Persian, its primary meaning is the disease cancer. It is also used in astrology for the sign of Cancer, but in daily life, it almost always refers to the medical condition.

You can say 'من سرطان دارم' (Man saratan daram), which is neutral, or 'من مبتلا به سرطان هستم' (Man mobtala be saratan hastam), which is more formal.

It is a standard medical word, but it is very 'heavy.' In social situations, Iranians often use euphemisms like 'بیماری سخت' (hard disease) to be more sensitive.

'Saratan' is the disease or the zodiac sign. 'Kharchang' is the actual animal (crab). You should never use 'Saratan' to refer to a crab you see at the beach.

Yes, it is borrowed from Arabic, where it means 'crab.' Persian adopted it for the disease and the zodiac sign hundreds of years ago.

You use the Ezafe: 'سرطانِ پوست' (Saratan-e pust).

Yes, it is often used to describe something destructive that spreads, like 'سرطان فساد' (the cancer of corruption).

An oncologist is called a 'متخصص سرطان' or more formally 'سرطان‌شناس'.

In the old calendar and astrology, yes. But in the modern Iranian solar calendar, that month is called 'Tir'.

It is pronounced sa-ra-TÂN. The first two 'a's are short (like 'cat'), and the last 'â' is long (like 'father').

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