Overview
The Indonesian word 'berdiri' is a versatile verb primarily meaning 'to stand.' It is formed by adding the prefix 'ber-' to the root word 'diri,' which means 'self' or 'oneself.' This 'ber-' prefix often indicates a reflexive, reciprocal, or stative action. In the case of 'berdiri,' it denotes the action of being in an upright position on one's feet.
Beyond its literal meaning, 'berdiri' also extends metaphorically to concepts of establishment, existence, and foundation. For instance, 'sekolah itu berdiri sejak tahun 1950' translates to 'that school was established since 1950.' Here, 'berdiri' signifies the founding or beginning of something. Similarly, 'bangunan itu berdiri kokoh' means 'that building stands strong,' highlighting its structural integrity and presence.
Related words offer further insights into its usage:
- 1Mendirikan: This is the causative form, meaning 'to make something stand,' hence 'to establish,' 'to build,' or 'to erect.' For example, 'mereka mendirikan sebuah perusahaan baru' means 'they established a new company.' When talking about physical structures, 'mendirikan menara' means 'to erect a tower.'
- 1Pendirian: This noun derived from 'berdiri' can refer to the 'act of establishing or founding' (e.g., 'pendirian negara' - the founding of a nation). More commonly, 'pendirian' also signifies 'opinion,' 'stance,' or 'viewpoint,' reflecting the idea of taking a stand on an issue. For instance, 'dia memiliki pendirian yang kuat' means 'he has a strong opinion/stance.'
- 1Terdiri: This word, formed with the prefix 'ter-', means 'to consist of' or 'to be composed of.' It describes the components that make up something. For example, 'buku ini terdiri dari sepuluh bab' means 'this book consists of ten chapters.' It implies a state of being made up of certain elements.
Context is crucial when interpreting 'berdiri.' Whether it refers to a person standing, a building being erected, an organization being founded, or a principle being held, the core idea of being upright, present, or established remains consistent. The prefix 'ber-' signifies an action performed by the subject itself, emphasizing an inherent state or self-initiated action.
Beispiele
Dia berdiri di depan kelas.
classroomHe stands in front of the class.
Pohon itu berdiri tegak meskipun ditiup angin kencang.
natureThe tree stood firm despite strong winds.
Perusahaan itu berdiri sejak tahun 1990.
businessThe company has been established since 1990.
Setelah jatuh, anak itu mencoba berdiri lagi.
daily lifeAfter falling, the child tried to stand up again.
Meja ini berdiri di atas empat kaki.
object descriptionThis table stands on four legs.
Häufige Kollokationen
Wird oft verwechselt mit
None
Antonym
Different action
Grammatikmuster
So verwendest du es
Nutzungshinweise
'Berdiri' is a versatile verb in Indonesian used to describe the act of standing. It is a root word that can be modified with prefixes and suffixes to convey different nuances. For example, 'mendirikan' means 'to establish' or 'to erect,' as in 'mendirikan bangunan' (to erect a building) or 'mendirikan perusahaan' (to establish a company). The passive form, 'didirikan,' means 'to be established.' When used colloquially, 'berdiri' can also imply being awake or active, as opposed to sleeping or resting. It's often used in conjunction with other words to specify the manner of standing, such as 'berdiri tegak' (standing straight) or 'berdiri di sudut' (standing in the corner). 'Berdiri' is generally used for people and animals, but can also refer to inanimate objects that are in an upright position, like 'pohon itu berdiri kokoh' (that tree stands firm). Understanding these variations and contextual uses is crucial for accurate and natural communication in Indonesian.
Tipps
Usage Note
'Berdiri' is commonly used to describe the act of standing up or being in a standing position. It can also refer to the establishment or founding of something, such as a company or an organization. In a more metaphorical sense, it can mean to rise or to gain prominence.
Common Mistakes
While 'berdiri' can mean to stop (for a vehicle), it is less common than 'berhenti'. Using 'berdiri' for a vehicle stopping might sound a bit formal or poetic. Also, be careful not to confuse 'berdiri' with 'mendirikan', which specifically means to establish or to build something.
Contextual Examples
When talking about people, 'berdiri' usually means to be on one's feet. For example, 'Mohon berdiri saat lagu kebangsaan diputar' (Please stand when the national anthem is played). When referring to an organization, it implies its founding or existence, like 'Sejak kapan perusahaan ini berdiri?' (Since when was this company established?).
Wortherkunft
From Proto-Malayic *diri, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *diʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *diʀi.
Kultureller Kontext
The word 'berdiri' in Indonesian directly translates to 'to stand,' but its cultural connotations extend beyond the simple physical act. Standing, especially in formal or respectful contexts, signifies attention, respect, and readiness. For instance, 'berdiri tegak' (standing upright) is often associated with military discipline, national anthems, or showing reverence to elders or superiors. In traditional Indonesian greetings, especially when a guest arrives, it is common for hosts to 'berdiri' as a sign of welcome and respect. Conversely, asking someone to 'silakan duduk' (please sit) after they have been standing is a gesture of hospitality and comfort. In a broader sense, 'berdiri' can also metaphorically imply taking a stance, being firm in one's beliefs, or even establishing something, such as a business or an organization. For example, 'berdiri sendiri' means to be independent or self-sufficient. This demonstrates how a seemingly simple verb carries layers of social and cultural meaning within the Indonesian context, reflecting values of hierarchy, respect, and community.
Merkhilfe
Visualize a 'bear' (ber) standing on a 'deer' (diri) to remember 'berdiri'.
Häufig gestellte Fragen
4 Fragen'Berdiri' fundamentally means 'to stand' or 'to be in a standing position' in Indonesian. It describes the state of being upright on one's feet, as opposed to sitting or lying down. This can refer to a person, an animal, or even an inanimate object that is positioned vertically.
Yes, 'berdiri' can certainly be used metaphorically. For instance, it can mean 'to be established' or 'to be founded,' as in 'perusahaan ini berdiri pada tahun 2000' (this company was established in 2000). It can also imply 'to uphold' or 'to defend,' like 'berdiri di atas kebenaran' (to stand on the truth).
Absolutely! One common phrase is 'berdiri sendiri,' which means 'to stand alone' or 'to be independent.' Another is 'berdiri tegak,' meaning 'to stand tall' or 'to stand firm,' often used to describe resilience or steadfastness. 'Berdiri sama tinggi, duduk sama rendah' is a proverb emphasizing equality.
From 'berdiri,' we have several related terms. 'Mendirikan' means 'to establish' or 'to erect' (e.g., a building). 'Pendirian' refers to 'an opinion' or 'a stance,' and also 'the act of establishing.' 'Kedudukan' can mean 'position' or 'status,' often implying where one stands in a hierarchy or society.
Teste dich selbst
Dia _______ di depan kelas.
Para siswa diminta untuk _______ saat guru masuk.
Setelah jatuh, anak itu mencoba untuk _______ lagi.
Ergebnis: /3
Usage Note
'Berdiri' is commonly used to describe the act of standing up or being in a standing position. It can also refer to the establishment or founding of something, such as a company or an organization. In a more metaphorical sense, it can mean to rise or to gain prominence.
Common Mistakes
While 'berdiri' can mean to stop (for a vehicle), it is less common than 'berhenti'. Using 'berdiri' for a vehicle stopping might sound a bit formal or poetic. Also, be careful not to confuse 'berdiri' with 'mendirikan', which specifically means to establish or to build something.
Contextual Examples
When talking about people, 'berdiri' usually means to be on one's feet. For example, 'Mohon berdiri saat lagu kebangsaan diputar' (Please stand when the national anthem is played). When referring to an organization, it implies its founding or existence, like 'Sejak kapan perusahaan ini berdiri?' (Since when was this company established?).
Beispiele
5 von 5Dia berdiri di depan kelas.
He stands in front of the class.
Pohon itu berdiri tegak meskipun ditiup angin kencang.
The tree stood firm despite strong winds.
Perusahaan itu berdiri sejak tahun 1990.
The company has been established since 1990.
Setelah jatuh, anak itu mencoba berdiri lagi.
After falling, the child tried to stand up again.
Meja ini berdiri di atas empat kaki.
This table stands on four legs.
