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B1 noun 8 Min. Lesezeit

慰謝料

isharyo

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Erklärung 慰謝料 in your Level:

慰謝料 (Isharyō) is a difficult word for beginners. It means 'money paid to someone because you made them very sad or hurt them.' Imagine you break someone's heart or cause an accident. In Japan, you might pay them money to say 'I am sorry for your feelings.' At this level, just remember it is 'sorry money' for big problems like divorce or accidents. It is not for small things like losing a borrowed pen. You will see this word in news or dramas about adults.

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At the A2 level, you should recognize that 慰謝料 is a noun used in serious situations. It is often translated as 'compensation for mental distress.' You use it with verbs like 払う (harau - to pay) or もらう (morau - to receive). For example: '彼は慰謝料を払いました' (He paid compensation). It is different from a 'refund' (henkin). It is specifically about the 'heart' (kokoro) and 'feelings' (kimochi). You mostly hear it in stories about divorce or traffic accidents.

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As a B1 learner, you should understand the legal nuance of 慰謝料. It is 'solatium'—compensation for non-pecuniary damage (mental suffering). It is a key term in Japanese civil disputes. You should know common collocations like 慰謝料を請求する (to claim/demand compensation) and 慰謝料の相場 (the market rate/standard amount for compensation). In Japan, 慰謝料 is a standard part of divorce settlements when one party is at fault (e.g., infidelity). It is distinct from 賠償金 (Baishōkin), which is the general term for all damages.

At the B2 level, you should be able to discuss the social implications of 慰謝料. It isn't just a legal requirement but a social mechanism for 'restoring honor' or 'making amends.' You should be able to distinguish it from related terms like 示談金 (settlement money) and 解決金 (settlement/resolution money). You might encounter this word in complex news articles about corporate scandals or high-profile lawsuits. Understanding that the amount is often determined by judicial precedent rather than just the victim's request is important at this level.

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For C1 learners, 慰謝料 involves nuanced legal and psychological discussions. You should understand the concept of 精神的苦痛 (seishinteki kutsū - mental suffering) and how it is quantified in the Japanese judicial system. You should be familiar with phrases like 慰謝料請求権 (the right to claim solatium) and how it can be transferred or inherited in specific cases. You can analyze how the media uses the term to frame moral culpability in public scandals, and how the term differs from 'punitive damages' (which do not exist in the same way in Japanese law).

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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like grasp of 慰謝料 within the context of the Civil Code (Minpō), specifically Article 709 and 710. You can discuss the theoretical underpinnings of why Japan prioritizes solatium over punitive damages. You understand the historical evolution of the term and its application in landmark cases, such as environmental pollution (Minamata disease) or state-level redress. You can differentiate between 固有の慰謝料 (individual solatium) and other forms of collective compensation in complex litigation.

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慰謝料 in 30 Sekunden

慰謝料 is money paid to compensate for mental or emotional suffering in legal or serious personal disputes.
It is most commonly associated with divorce, infidelity, traffic accidents, and defamation cases in Japan.
The word is composed of kanji meaning 'console,' 'apologize,' and 'fee,' reflecting its emotional roots.
It is a specific type of damage (solatium) and is distinct from refunds, fines, or child support.

The Japanese term 慰謝料 (いしゃりょう - Isharyō) is a cornerstone of Japanese civil law and social disputes, specifically referring to monetary compensation paid to alleviate mental or emotional suffering. Unlike general damages that might cover medical bills or property repair, 慰謝料 is purely focused on the 'solatium'—the price of one's peace of mind. In Western legal systems, this is often categorized under 'pain and suffering' or 'emotional distress damages.' However, in Japan, the cultural weight of an apology often translates into these specific payments, which are seen as a tangible way to 'console' the victim.

The Legal Context: In the Japanese Civil Code, this falls under tort law. It is most frequently invoked in cases of divorce (specifically due to infidelity), traffic accidents resulting in injury or death, and cases of defamation or harassment. It serves as a financial proxy for an apology that cannot be physically measured.
Social Nuance: Culturally, paying 慰謝料 is sometimes viewed as a necessary step to 'clean the slate.' It is not just about the money; it is about the acknowledgement of wrongdoing. Without this payment, a dispute is often considered unresolved in the eyes of the community and the law.

「不倫相手に対して慰謝料を請求することに決めた。」 (I decided to claim solatium/compensation from the person my spouse had an affair with.)

Common usage in domestic legal disputes.

To understand this word deeply, one must look at the kanji. 慰 (I) means to console or soothe, 謝 (Sha) means to apologize or thank, and 料 (Ryō) means a fee or charge. Together, it is the 'fee for consolation and apology.' It is used in serious contexts; you would never use it for a minor inconvenience like someone stepping on your toe. It implies a significant breach of trust or a traumatic event that requires financial redress to restore a sense of justice.

「交通事故の被害者は、加害者に慰謝料を求めた。」 (The victim of the traffic accident demanded compensation for emotional distress from the perpetrator.)

Distinction from Damages: It is crucial to distinguish this from 損害賠償 (Songai Baishō). While isharyō is a type of songai baishō, the latter covers all damages including lost wages and medical costs. Isharyō is the specific sub-category for the 'heart' or 'mind' (seishinteki kutsū).

Using 慰謝料 correctly requires understanding the verbs that typically accompany it. Since it is a monetary amount, verbs like 請求する (to claim), 支払う (to pay), and 勝ち取る (to win/obtain) are standard. However, because it relates to emotional pain, the context must always involve a victim and a perpetrator. In Japanese grammar, the person receiving the money is the subject or the one performing the action of 'claiming,' while the person paying is the object of the 'demand.'

「彼は離婚裁判で、妻に300万円の慰謝料を支払った。」 (In the divorce trial, he paid his wife 3 million yen in solatium.)

Notice how the amount usually precedes the word. You will often see '[Amount] + の + 慰謝料.' This specifies exactly how much the 'price of suffering' has been valued at. In legal documents, the phrase '精神的苦痛に対する慰謝料' (solatium for mental suffering) is the standard formal expression, though in daily news, just '慰謝料' suffices.

Verb Combinations

請求する (Seikyū suru): To formally demand or claim the money.
受け取る (Uketoru): To receive the payment.
踏み倒す (Fumitaosu): To dodge or fail to pay the agreed amount (slangy/informal).
合意する (Gōi suru): To agree on an amount.

「名誉毀損で訴え、慰謝料を勝ち取った。」 (I sued for defamation and won compensation for emotional distress.)

When constructing complex sentences, you might use the particle 'を' to indicate the compensation as the direct object. If you are describing the reason for the compensation, you use '～として' (as/in the capacity of). For example, '解決金として慰謝料を払う' (To pay solatium as settlement money). This nuance is important in negotiations where the payer might not want to admit full legal guilt but is willing to pay to end the dispute.

You will encounter 慰謝料 in several specific domains of Japanese life. The most common is the entertainment news (ワイドショー - waido shō). When a famous celebrity couple divorces due to a 'scandal' (usually infidelity), the media becomes obsessed with the amount of 慰謝料 being discussed. It serves as a public metric for how much the 'guilty' party is atoning for their actions.

「週刊誌が、あの俳優の慰謝料は一億円だと報じた。」 (The weekly magazine reported that the actor's solatium was 100 million yen.)

Another common place is in legal dramas (リーガルドラマ). Shows like 'Legal High' or '99.9 Criminal Lawyer' frequently feature civil disputes where the climax involves the calculation or demand of this money. In these contexts, the word carries a sense of justice being served for the underdog. You will also hear it in insurance company advertisements or pamphlets, particularly those dealing with car insurance (自動車保険), where they explain how 'mental distress' is covered in the event of an accident.

Common Settings

Family Court (家庭裁判所): Discussions regarding divorce settlements.
Insurance Negotiations (示談交渉): Settling traffic accidents without going to trial.
Corporate HR: Dealing with power harassment (pawahara) or sexual harassment (sekuhara) claims.

In a more somber context, it is used in discussions about historical redress or large-scale disasters. When victims of a corporate negligence case (like food poisoning or environmental pollution) are compensated, the term isharyō is used to describe the portion of the payout meant to acknowledge their trauma. It is a word that bridges the gap between cold, hard cash and the warmth of human empathy and apology.

The most frequent mistake learners make with 慰謝料 is using it too broadly for any kind of 'refund' or 'reimbursement.' It is strictly for emotional or mental damages. If you return a broken product to a store and get your money back, that is a 返金 (Henkin), not isharyō. If a company pays you back for travel expenses, that is 精算 (Seisan) or 払い戻し (Haraimodoshi).

❌ 「Amazonに慰謝料を請求した。」 (I claimed solatium from Amazon [for a late delivery].)
✅ 「Amazonに返金を要求した。」 (I requested a refund from Amazon.)

Using 'isharyō' for consumer refunds is a major error.

Another confusion arises between 賠償金 (Baishōkin) and 慰謝料 (Isharyō). While they are related, Baishōkin is the umbrella term for all compensation. Isharyō is the specific 'emotional' slice of that pie. In a court case, a lawyer might say, 'We are seeking 10 million yen in baishōkin, of which 3 million is isharyō.' Using them interchangeably isn't always 'wrong,' but it lacks the precision required in professional or legal settings.

Mistaken Nuance: Some learners think 慰謝料 is a 'fine' paid to the government. It is not. A fine paid to the state for a crime is 罰金 (Bakkin). Isharyō is a private payment between individuals or entities. If you pay a speeding ticket, it is a bakkin; if you pay the person you hit with your car for their trauma, it is isharyō.

To master 慰謝料, you must understand where it sits among its synonyms and related terms. Each has a specific 'flavor' and legal standing.

慰謝料 vs. 示談金 (Jidankin): 示談金 (Settlement money): This is money paid to settle a dispute out of court. It often includes isharyō, but also includes an agreement that the victim will not pursue further legal action or file a police report. Isharyō is the 'why' (for the pain), while jidankin is the 'how' (the settlement method).
慰謝料 vs. 見舞金 (Mimaikin): 見舞金 (Sympathy money): This is a much softer term. It is a gift of money given to someone who is sick or has suffered a misfortune, without any admission of guilt. If a company's product makes you slightly ill but they don't want to admit a defect, they might offer mimaikin. Isharyō implies legal liability; mimaikin implies social courtesy.
慰謝料 vs. 養育費 (Yōyukuhi): 養育費 (Child support): In divorce cases, these are often confused. Isharyō is for the spouse's mental pain. Yōyukuhi is for the children's living expenses. They are separate payments with different legal calculations.

「彼は慰謝料だけでなく、子供の養育費も払わなければならない。」 (He must pay not only solatium but also child support.)

When you want to be more general, use 補償 (Hoshō), which means 'compensation' in a broad sense, often used by the government or large corporations for systemic issues. For example, '災害の補償' (compensation for a disaster). Isharyō remains the most personal and emotionally charged of all these terms.

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

The kanji '謝' (sha) can mean both 'to thank' and 'to apologize.' In the context of 慰謝料, it strictly carries the 'apology' or 'declining' nuance, highlighting the complex relationship between gratitude and regret in Japanese culture.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /i.ʃa.ɾjoː/

US /i.ʃa.ɾjoʊ/

Flat (Heiban) - the pitch stays relatively level throughout the word.

Reimt sich auf

Chiryo (Treatment) Suryo (Quantity) Juryo (Weight) Koryo (Consideration) Geryo (Completion) Zairyo (Ingredients) Shiryo (Materials) Horyo (Prisoner)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing 'ryo' as two syllables 'ri-yo'. It should be a single contracted sound.
Shortening the final 'o' (Isharyo instead of Isharyō).
Confusing 'sha' with 'sa'.
Putting the stress on the wrong syllable; Japanese pitch accent is not the same as English stress.
Pronouncing the 'r' in 'ryo' like an English 'r'; it should be a Japanese flap 'r' (like a quick 'd').

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 4/5

The kanji are intermediate (B1), but legal contexts can be complex.

Schreiben 4/5

Writing 慰 and 謝 correctly requires practice.

Sprechen 3/5

The word itself is easy to say, but the topics it covers are difficult.

Hören 3/5

Clearly pronounced in news and dramas.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

お金 (Okane) 離婚 (Rikon) 事故 (Jiko) 払う (Harau) 請求 (Seikyū)

Als Nächstes lernen

賠償 (Baishō) 示談 (Jidan) 告訴 (Kokuso) 弁護士 (Bengoshi) 裁判 (Saiban)

Fortgeschritten

不法行為 (Fuhō kōi) 精神的苦痛 (Seishinteki kutsū) 過失割合 (Kashitsu wariai) 損害賠償請求権 (Songai baishō seikyūken)

Wichtige Grammatik

～を請求する (Claiming something)

権利を請求する。

～に対する (Towards/For)

苦痛に対する支払い。

～に伴う (Accompanying)

離婚に伴う手続き。

～によって異なる (Differ depending on)

ケースによって異なる。

～として (As/In the capacity of)

慰謝料として車を渡す。

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Beispiele nach Niveau

慰謝料は高いです。

The compensation is expensive.

Simple noun + wa + adjective structure.

彼は慰謝料を払いました。

He paid the compensation.

Noun + o + verb (past tense).

慰謝料はいりません。

I don't need compensation.

Negative form of 'iru' (to need).

彼女は慰謝料をもらいました。

She received the compensation.

Using the verb 'morau' for receiving.

これは慰謝料ですか？

Is this the compensation?

Question form using 'desu ka'.

慰謝料をください。

Please give me the compensation.

Requesting using 'kudasai'.

慰謝料はいくらですか？

How much is the compensation?

Asking for price/amount.

父は慰謝料の話をしました。

My father talked about compensation.

Noun + no + hanashi (talk about...).

離婚の時、慰謝料を決めました。

At the time of divorce, we decided on the compensation.

Time marker 'no toki' used with divorce.

事故の後で、慰謝料を請求しました。

After the accident, I claimed compensation.

Sequence 'no ato de' (after).

彼はたくさんの慰謝料を払うつもりです。

He intends to pay a lot of compensation.

Using 'tsumori' to express intention.

慰謝料を払いたくないです。

I don't want to pay compensation.

Desiderative form '-tai' in negative.

彼女は慰謝料について調べています。

She is researching about compensation.

Using 'nitsuite' (about).

慰謝料は一万円だけでした。

The compensation was only 10,000 yen.

Using 'dake' (only) to emphasize a small amount.

弁護士と慰謝料の相談をします。

I will consult with a lawyer about compensation.

Using 'to' (with) and 'sōdan' (consultation).

慰謝料をもらう権利があります。

I have the right to receive compensation.

Noun 'kenri' (right) modified by a verb phrase.

不倫が原因で、夫に慰謝料を請求した。

Because of the affair, I claimed compensation from my husband.

Using 'ga gen'in de' to show cause/reason.

慰謝料の相場は、だいたい200万円くらいだ。

The market rate for compensation is about 2 million yen.

Using 'sōba' (market rate) and 'kurai' (approximately).

精神的苦痛に対する慰謝料を求めている。

They are seeking compensation for mental distress.

The phrase 'ni taisuru' (against/for) is formal.

相手が慰謝料の支払いを拒否している。

The other party is refusing the payment of compensation.

Using 'kyohi' (refusal) with the progressive '-te iru'.

裁判所は、被告に慰謝料の支払いを命じた。

The court ordered the defendant to pay compensation.

Using 'meijita' (ordered), a formal legal verb.

慰謝料をいくら取れるか、弁護士に聞いた。

I asked the lawyer how much compensation I can get.

Embedded question with 'ikura...ka'.

彼は慰謝料を分割で払っている。

He is paying the compensation in installments.

Using 'bunkatsu de' (in installments).

慰謝料を払うことで、示談が成立した。

By paying compensation, the settlement was reached.

Using 'koto de' to show the means of achievement.

慰謝料の金額は、被害の程度によって異なります。

The amount of compensation varies depending on the degree of damage.

Using 'ni yotte kotonaru' (varies depending on).

名誉毀損による慰謝料請求は、近年増えている。

Claims for compensation due to defamation have been increasing in recent years.

Using 'ni yoru' (due to) to specify the legal basis.

慰謝料を勝ち取るためには、証拠が必要です。

Evidence is necessary to win compensation.

Using 'tame ni wa' (in order to).

彼女は、元夫だけでなく不倫相手にも慰謝料を求めた。

She demanded compensation not only from her ex-husband but also from the person he had an affair with.

Using 'dake de naku... mo' (not only... but also).

慰謝料の支払いが滞ると、差し押さえの可能性がある。

If the payment of compensation is delayed, there is a possibility of seizure of assets.

Using 'todokōru' (to be delayed/in arrears).

婚約破棄に対する慰謝料を請求するのは正当な権利だ。

It is a legitimate right to claim compensation for the breaking of an engagement.

Using 'seitō na' (legitimate/just) as an adjective.

慰謝料という名目で、多額の金銭が動いた。

A large amount of money moved under the name of compensation.

Using 'to iu meimoku de' (under the pretext/name of).

精神的なダメージを考慮して、慰謝料が増額された。

Considering the mental damage, the compensation was increased.

Using 'kōryo shite' (considering).

不法行為に基づき、慰謝料の支払いを命じる判決が出た。

A judgment was issued ordering the payment of compensation based on a tortious act.

Using 'motozuki' (based on) in a legal context.

慰謝料の算定基準は、過去の判例に依拠している。

The criteria for calculating compensation rely on past judicial precedents.

Using 'ikyō shite iru' (rely/depend on), very formal.

被害者の精神的苦痛は、金銭的な慰謝料だけで癒えるものではない。

The victim's mental suffering is not something that can be healed by monetary compensation alone.

Using 'eru mono de wa nai' (is not something that can be...).

加害者の誠意が感じられない場合、慰謝料が増額される傾向にある。

When the perpetrator's sincerity is not felt, there is a tendency for the compensation to be increased.

Using 'keikō ni aru' (to have a tendency).

慰謝料請求権の消滅時効は、損害を知った時から3年である。

The statute of limitations for the right to claim compensation is three years from the time the damage is known.

Legal term 'shōmetsu jikō' (statute of limitations).

法人は、名誉毀損に対する慰謝料を請求できるが、精神的苦痛は認められない。

Corporations can claim compensation for defamation, but mental suffering is not recognized (for them).

Complex contrast between legal entities and individuals.

離婚に伴う慰謝料は、財産分与とは別個に検討されるべきだ。

Compensation accompanying a divorce should be considered separately from the division of assets.

Using 'beki da' (should) in a formal argument.

慰謝料の額を巡って、両者の主張は真っ向から対立した。

The claims of both parties were in direct opposition regarding the amount of compensation.

Using 'o megutte' (concerning/revolving around).

本件における慰謝料の算定においては、特段の事情を考慮すべきである。

In calculating the compensation in this case, special circumstances should be taken into account.

Using 'tokudan no jijō' (special circumstances), a high-level legal phrase.

慰謝料の補完的機能を重視する学説も存在する。

There are also academic theories that emphasize the complementary function of solatium.

Academic term 'gakusetsu' (theory).

死者に対する敬愛の情を侵害された遺族には、固有の慰謝料請求権が認められる。

Bereaved families whose feelings of love and respect for the deceased have been infringed upon are recognized as having an individual right to claim compensation.

Highly specific legal concept of 'koyū no isharyō'.

慰謝料額の低廉さが、日本の民事裁判における長年の課題となっている。

The low amount of compensation has been a long-standing issue in Japanese civil trials.

Using 'teirensa' (lowness/cheapness).

精神的損害の金銭的評価という難題に対し、判例は一定の基準を提示してきた。

In response to the difficult problem of the monetary evaluation of mental damage, judicial precedents have presented certain standards.

Using 'ni taishi' (in response to/against).

公権力の行使による損害については、国家賠償法に基づき慰謝料が支払われる。

For damages caused by the exercise of public power, compensation is paid based on the State Redress Act.

Reference to 'Kokka Baishōhō'.

慰謝料請求が権利の濫用と見なされるケースも少なくない。

There are not a few cases where a claim for compensation is regarded as an abuse of rights.

Using 'kenri no ran'yō' (abuse of rights).

近親者固有の慰謝料が認められる範囲については、解釈が分かれている。

Interpretations differ regarding the scope within which solatium unique to close relatives is recognized.

Using 'kaishaku ga wakarete iru' (interpretations are divided).

Häufige Kollokationen

慰謝料を請求する

慰謝料を支払う

慰謝料の相場

慰謝料を勝ち取る

慰謝料を提示する

多額の慰謝料

慰謝料の算定

慰謝料を拒否する

慰謝料を分割する

精神的慰謝料

Häufige Phrasen

慰謝料なしの離婚

— A divorce where no compensation is paid by either side. This often happens in mutual 'no-fault' divorces.

二人は慰謝料なしの離婚に合意した。

慰謝料請求権

— The legal right to claim compensation for emotional distress. It is a formal legal term.

不倫を知ってから3年で慰謝料請求権が消滅する。

慰謝料の踏み倒し

— The act of dodging or failing to pay the agreed-upon compensation. It is a common social issue.

慰謝料の踏み倒しを防ぐために公正証書を作る。

不倫慰謝料

— Compensation specifically paid due to an extramarital affair. One of the most common types in Japan.

不倫慰謝料の請求には証拠が必要だ。

交通事故事案の慰謝料

— Compensation for mental distress arising from a traffic accident case.

交通事故の慰謝料は通院日数で決まることが多い。

正当な慰謝料

— A fair or justifiable amount of compensation. Often used in negotiations.

彼は正当な慰謝料を求めているだけだ。

慰謝料の増額

— An increase in the amount of compensation, often due to aggravating factors.

悪質な嫌がらせにより慰謝料の増額が認められた。

慰謝料の減額

— A decrease in the amount of compensation, usually because the payer lacks funds or the victim was also at fault.

経済的な理由で慰謝料の減額を申し立てた。

慰謝料一括払い

— A lump-sum payment of the total compensation amount.

慰謝料一括払いなら、少し安くしてもらえるかもしれない。

慰謝料の支払い義務

— The legal obligation to pay compensation. If this exists, the law can enforce payment.

彼には慰謝料の支払い義務がある。

Wird oft verwechselt mit

慰謝料 vs 賠償金 (Baishōkin)

Baishōkin is the whole pie; Isharyō is the emotional slice.

慰謝料 vs 罰金 (Bakkin)

Bakkin goes to the government; Isharyō goes to the victim.

慰謝料 vs 養育費 (Yōyukuhi)

Yōyukuhi is for the kids; Isharyō is for the ex-spouse.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"慰謝料をふっかける"

— To demand an unreasonably high amount of compensation, like a 'rip-off' demand.

相手の弁護士が法外な慰謝料をふっかけてきた。

Informal

"涙の慰謝料"

— Compensation that is paid or received with great emotional pain or regret (often used in drama summaries).

彼女は涙の慰謝料を受け取って、街を去った。

Literary/Dramatic

"慰謝料で解決する"

— To solve a problem purely through money rather than emotional reconciliation.

何でも慰謝料で解決できると思うな。

Neutral

"慰謝料がわりに"

— Using something else (like a house or car) instead of actual cash for compensation.

慰謝料がわりに、この家を譲ることにした。

Neutral

"慰謝料の取られ損"

— Paying compensation and still feeling like you lost out or were treated unfairly.

あんな女に慰謝料を払うなんて、取られ損だ。

Informal

"慰謝料を釣り上げる"

— To artificially inflate the demand for compensation during negotiations.

交渉を引き延ばして、慰謝料を釣り上げるつもりか。

Neutral

"慰謝料の請求合戦"

— A situation where both parties in a dispute are claiming compensation from each other.

泥沼の離婚劇は、慰謝料の請求合戦に発展した。

Journalistic

"慰謝料を懐に入れる"

— To pocket the compensation money (sometimes implying it won't be used for its intended purpose).

彼は受け取った慰謝料をすべてギャンブルで懐に入れた。

Informal

"慰謝料で口を封じる"

— To use compensation money as 'hush money' to keep someone quiet.

多額の慰謝料で被害者の口を封じようとした。

Critical

"慰謝料が火種になる"

— When the issue of compensation becomes the cause of a bigger conflict.

慰謝料の額が火種となり、親戚中が揉めている。

Neutral

Leicht verwechselbar

慰謝料 vs 返金 (Henkin)

Both involve returning or giving money.

Henkin is a refund for a product or service. Isharyo is for emotional pain.

商品の返金を受ける。

慰謝料 vs 謝礼 (Sharei)

Both contain the kanji 謝 (apology/thanks).

Sharei is a reward or thank-you gift. Isharyo is a mandatory 'sorry' payment.

講演の謝礼を払う。

慰謝料 vs 供養料 (Kuyōryō)

Both involve 'fees' related to feelings.

Kuyōryō is a fee for a memorial service for the dead.

お寺に供養料を納める。

慰謝料 vs 見舞金 (Mimaikin)

Both are given to someone who suffered.

Mimaikin is a voluntary gift of sympathy; Isharyo is a legal obligation.

入院した友人に、お見舞金を渡した。

慰謝料 vs 解決金 (Kaiketsukin)

Used in the same contexts as Isharyo.

Kaiketsukin is a broader, neutral term used to settle a case without admitting guilt.

会社は不当解雇の訴えに対し、解決金を支払った。

Satzmuster

[Person] は [Person] に慰謝料を払いました。

田中さんは奥さんに慰謝料を払いました。

[Cause] が原因で、慰謝料を請求することにした。

浮気が原因で、慰謝料を請求することにした。

慰謝料の相場は [Amount] くらいです。

慰謝料の相場は300万円くらいです。

[Event] に伴う慰謝料の支払いを求める。

婚約破棄に伴う慰謝料の支払いを求める。

慰謝料として [Amount] を提示する。

慰謝料として100万円を提示する。

[Act] に対する慰謝料請求権を行使する。

不法行為に対する慰謝料請求権を行使する。

精神的苦痛を考慮し、慰謝料を増額する。

慰謝料の算定において判例を依拠する。

Wortfamilie

Substantive

慰謝 (Ishā) - Consolation/solace

料 (Ryō) - Fee/charge

慰謝料請求 (Isharyō seikyū) - Claim for solatium

Verben

慰謝する (Ishā suru) - To console/comfort (rarely used alone)

慰謝料を払う (Isharyō o harau) - To pay solatium

Verwandt

賠償 (Baishō) - Indemnification

補償 (Hoshō) - Compensation

弁償 (Benshō) - Reimbursement

謝罪 (Shazai) - Apology

苦痛 (Kutsū) - Pain/suffering

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frequency

Common in news, legal contexts, and adult conversations regarding relationships.

Häufige Fehler

Using 慰謝料 for a store refund. → 返金 (Henkin)
If you return a shirt, you get a refund (henkin), not 'emotional distress' money.
Saying 慰謝料する. → 慰謝料を払う / 請求する
慰謝料 is a noun. You must use a verb like 'pay' or 'claim' with it.
Confusing it with 養育費. → 慰謝料 (for spouse) / 養育費 (for kids)
They are separate legal concepts in a divorce.
Using it for a traffic ticket. → 罰金 (Bakkin)
A ticket is a fine to the state (bakkin), not a payment to a victim.
Assuming it covers medical bills. → 損害賠償 (Songai Baishō)
Medical bills are part of 'damages' (baishō), while isharyō is specifically for the 'pain' aspect.

Tipps

Kanji Breakdown

Focus on the middle kanji 謝. You know it from 'Arigatō' (感謝) and 'Gomen nasai' (謝る). In 慰謝料, it’s the bridge between the pain and the payment.

Verb Pairing

Always remember 請求する (claim) and 支払う (pay). These are the bread and butter of using this word correctly.

The Power of the Envelope

In Japanese dramas, 慰謝料 is often handed over in a thick white envelope. This visual cue tells you exactly what the money is for.

Not Punitive

Japanese 慰謝料 is not 'punitive damages' meant to punish a company with billions. It is 'solatium' meant to console a victim with a 'reasonable' amount.

Distinguish from Baishō

If you are talking about medical bills, use 賠償金 (Baishōkin). If you are talking about 'hurt feelings,' use 慰謝料.

The 'I-Sha' Connection

Think of 'I' (Console) and 'Sha' (Apology). It's the 'I-apologize-fee'.

Watch for the Numbers

When you hear a large number like 'Is-oku' (100 million) followed by 慰謝料, you're listening to a major scandal report.

Particle Choice

Use '～としての慰謝料' to describe the role of the money in a sentence.

Settlement Context

If you hear 'Jidan' (settlement), 'Isharyo' is almost always part of the package.

Don't Overuse

Never use this for small things. It makes you sound like you're looking for a lawsuit.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Imagine a person feeling sad (I - 慰) needing an apology (SHA - 謝) and a fee (RYO - 料) to feel better.

Visuelle Assoziation

A broken heart being patched up with a 10,000 yen bill.

Word Web

Divorce Affair Accident Lawyer Court Money Heartbreak Apology

Herausforderung

Try to find a Japanese news article about a celebrity divorce and count how many times they use the word 慰謝料.

Wortherkunft

The word is a Sino-Japanese compound (Kango). It appeared in the modernization of the Japanese legal system during the Meiji era to translate Western legal concepts of 'solatium.'

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: A fee (料) for the act of consoling (慰) and apologizing (謝).

Japonic / Sino-Japanese (Kanji-based).

Kultureller Kontext

Be careful when discussing this with Japanese friends; it implies deep personal or legal trouble.

In English, we usually say 'emotional distress damages' or 'pain and suffering.' 'Solatium' is the technical legal term but rarely used in common speech.

The divorce of Japanese celebrities often leads to '100 million yen isharyo' headlines. Legal High (TV Drama) - Frequently discusses the strategies for maximizing isharyo. 99.9 Criminal Lawyer (TV Drama) - Shows how isharyo is used in settlements.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Divorce (離婚)

離婚の慰謝料
性格の不一致では慰謝料は取れない
慰謝料と養育費
慰謝料の公正証書

Traffic Accident (交通事故)

人身事故の慰謝料
通院慰謝料の計算
保険会社の提示額
後遺障害慰謝料

Infidelity (不倫・浮気)

不倫相手への請求
ダブル不倫の慰謝料
証拠集め
謝罪文と慰謝料

Harassment (ハラスメント)

パワハラの慰謝料
セクハラ被害
労働裁判
会社側の責任

Defamation (名誉毀損)

SNSの誹謗中傷
開示請求と慰謝料
名誉回復
書き込みの削除

Gesprächseinstiege

"日本のドラマでよく『慰謝料』という言葉を聞きますが、実際はどうなんですか？"

"離婚するとき、必ず慰謝料を払わなければならないのでしょうか？"

"交通事故に遭った場合、慰謝料の相場はどのくらいですか？"

"不倫をした場合、相手の配偶者から慰謝料を請求されることがありますか？"

"慰謝料と賠償金の違いを詳しく教えていただけますか？"

Tagebuch-Impulse

もし自分が不当な理由で仕事を解雇されたら、慰謝料を請求しますか？その理由を書いてください。

『心の痛みはお金で解決できる』という考え方について、あなたの意見を日本語で書いてください。

日本のニュースで見た『慰謝料』に関する事件について、自分の感想を述べてください。

ドラマの中で慰謝料を請求するシーンを見たことがありますか？どんな状況でしたか？

慰謝料という言葉の漢字（慰める・謝る・料）について、どう感じますか？

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

Generally, 慰謝料 received for mental suffering or physical injury is not taxable as income. However, if the amount is considered excessively high and functions as a transfer of assets, the tax office might look closer. It is always best to consult a tax professional.

Usually, no. 慰謝料 requires a legal cause like a breach of contract (engagement) or a tort (infidelity). A simple breakup of a boyfriend-girlfriend relationship typically doesn't qualify unless there are exceptional circumstances like pregnancy or physical abuse.

The 'market rate' (相場) in Japan is typically between 1 and 3 million yen. It depends on factors like the length of the marriage, whether there are children, and if the affair led to a divorce.

Yes, if a company's actions (like extreme harassment) cause mental distress, an individual can sue the company for 慰謝料. However, a company cannot claim 'mental distress' for itself, though it can claim for damage to its reputation.

In Japan, it's often based on the number of days you spent in the hospital or went to the clinic. There are three standards: the basic insurance standard, the voluntary insurance standard, and the higher 'lawyer/court' standard.

Yes. In the US, alimony (spousal support) is for living expenses. In Japan, 慰謝料 is for the 'pain' of the divorce. There is also 'Zaisan Bunyu' (division of assets) which is more similar to the financial support aspect.

Yes, in Japan you can legally claim 慰謝料 from the 'third party' (the lover) as well as your spouse, as they are considered to have jointly infringed upon your marital rights.

If they have no assets or income, it's very difficult to collect. A court order is just a piece of paper if the person has no money. This is why 'seizing' (sashiosae) assets is a common follow-up step.

Legally, it is a monetary claim. However, in a private settlement (jidan), parties can agree to anything, such as transferring ownership of a car or house in lieu of cash.

If the case goes to court and guilt is proven, yes. However, in many divorces, both parties are considered partially at fault, and they might agree to 'no 慰謝料' to speed up the process.

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