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B1 noun Neutral #6,000 am häufigsten 2 Min. Lesezeit

抗生物質

kouseibusshitsu /ko̞ːse̞ːbɯt͡ɕi/**ꜜ**t͡sɯ̥/
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Overview

The Japanese word for 'antibiotic' is '抗生物質' (kōseibússhitsu). This term is a compound word, reflecting its scientific nature.

  • 抗 (kō): This kanji means 'anti-' or 'against.' It's commonly seen in words like '抗議' (kōgi, protest) or '抗争' (kōsō, conflict), indicating opposition or resistance.
  • 生 (sei): This kanji means 'life,' 'birth,' or 'living.' It appears in many fundamental words such as '生命' (seimei, life) or '生物' (seibutsu, living creature).
  • 物 (butsu): This kanji signifies 'thing,' 'matter,' or 'substance.' It's a versatile kanji found in words like '食べ物' (tabemono, food) or '飲み物' (nomimono, drink).
  • 質 (shitsu): This kanji denotes 'quality,' 'nature,' or 'substance.' It's often paired with '物' to form '物質' (busshitsu, substance or material). When combined as '生' and '質' it refers to a biological 'substance'.

Therefore, '抗生物質' literally translates to 'anti-living-thing substance,' which accurately describes the function of an antibiotic: a substance that works against living microorganisms (like bacteria).

In medical contexts, when a doctor prescribes antibiotics, they will typically use this term. For example, a doctor might say '抗生物質を処方します' (kōseibússhitsu o shohō shimasu), meaning 'I will prescribe antibiotics.'

It's important to note that like in English, '抗生物質' specifically refers to medication for bacterial infections and not for viral infections like the common cold or flu. Japanese people are generally aware of this distinction, especially in healthcare settings. Overuse or misuse of '抗生物質' is also a concern in Japan, leading to discussions about antibiotic resistance, similar to global trends.

When speaking casually, one might shorten it to '抗生剤' (kōseizai), where '剤' (zai) means 'medicine' or 'agent.' This shorter form is commonly heard in daily conversation, especially when referring to the medicine itself rather than the scientific concept.

Beispiele

1

医師は彼女に抗生物質を処方した。

Healthcare

The doctor prescribed her antibiotics.

2

抗生物質が効き始めたので、彼は気分が良くなった。

Health

He started to feel better as the antibiotics began to work.

3

抗生物質の乱用は耐性菌を生む可能性がある。

Medical Education

Misuse of antibiotics can lead to resistant bacteria.

4

この薬は抗生物質ですか？

Pharmacy/Drugstore

Is this medicine an antibiotic?

5

抗生物質を飲みきることが大切です。

Patient Instructions

It is important to finish the entire course of antibiotics.

Häufige Kollokationen

抗生物質を服用する
抗生物質が効く
抗生物質の乱用
新しい抗生物質

So verwendest du es

Nutzungshinweise

When referring to antibiotics in Japanese, '抗生物質' (kōseibusshitsu) is the standard and most direct translation. It is primarily used in medical and scientific contexts, as well as in general discussions about medication and health. For example, a doctor might prescribe '抗生物質' for a bacterial infection. It's important to note that while the term is straightforward, the cultural context around its usage involves a respect for medical authority and a growing awareness of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, discussions about '抗生物質' often implicitly carry a weight of responsibility regarding their proper use. Colloquially, people might simply refer to '薬' (kusuri - medicine) when talking about medications in general, but when specifically needing to distinguish antibiotics, '抗生物質' is used. It's not typically shortened or used in highly informal ways.

Häufige Fehler

1. Confusing with '殺菌剤' (sakkinzai - disinfectant/germicide): While related, 抗生物質 specifically refers to medications that combat bacterial infections inside the body, whereas 殺菌剤 are typically for external use or inanimate objects. 2. Misunderstanding its scope: 抗生物質 are effective against bacteria, but not against viruses (like the common cold or flu) or fungi. A common mistake is to assume they can treat any infection. 3. Incorrect kanji recognition: The individual kanji are common, but their combination to form 抗生物質 might be misread if not familiar. For example, confusing '抗' (kō - resist) with '高' (kō - high) or '生' (sei - life) with '性' (sei - nature/gender). 4. Overuse or misuse: In everyday conversation, some might casually use the term without understanding the implications of antibiotic resistance, which is a significant global health issue. While not a linguistic mistake, it's a common conceptual one. 5. Pronunciation errors: The long 'o' sounds in 'kō' and 'ō' can be tricky for non-native speakers. Mispronouncing them can alter the word's clarity.

Tipps

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Usage Tips

'抗生物質 (kouseibusshitsu)' is a common medical term. You'll hear it in hospitals, clinics, and pharmacies. When discussing prescriptions or illnesses, this word is very useful. It is a formal term, so it's appropriate in most situations where medical topics are being discussed. For example, if you have a bacterial infection, a doctor might prescribe '抗生物質'. It's always good to be precise when talking about health, and '抗生物質' is the standard term.
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Common Mistakes & Nuances

A common mistake is confusing '抗生物質' (antibiotic) with general '薬 (kusuri)' which means medicine. While an antibiotic is a type of medicine, not all medicines are antibiotics. Remember that antibiotics specifically target bacterial infections and are not effective against viruses. So, if you have a cold or flu, '抗生物質' won't help. Also, be careful with pronunciation, ensuring you stress each syllable correctly: kou-sei-bus-shi-tsu. Mispronunciation might lead to misunderstandings in a medical context.
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Contextual Examples

Here are a few contextual examples: 1. 「医師は彼に抗生物質を処方しました。」(Ishi wa kare ni kouseibusshitsu o shohou shimashita.) - The doctor prescribed him antibiotics. 2. 「この感染症には抗生物質が必要です。」(Kono kansenshou ni wa kouseibusshitsu ga hitsuyou desu.) - This infection requires antibiotics. 3. 「抗生物質は細菌感染症にのみ効果があります。」(Kouseibusshitsu wa saikin kansenshou ni nomi kouka ga arimasu.) - Antibiotics are only effective against bacterial infections. 4. 「抗生物質を飲み忘れないでください。」(Kouseibusshitsu o nomiwasurenai de kudasai.) - Please don't forget to take your antibiotics.

Wortherkunft

The Japanese word '抗生物質' (kōseibutshitsu) for 'antibiotic' is a direct translation and a relatively modern term, reflecting the introduction of these medical compounds into Japan. Let's break down its etymology: * 抗 (kō): This kanji means 'anti-', 'oppose', or 'resist'. It's a common prefix in Japanese scientific and medical terminology to denote opposition or counteraction. Examples include 抵抗 (teikō - resistance) and 抗体 (kōtai - antibody). * 生 (sei): This kanji means 'life', 'living', or 'birth'. It appears in many words related to biology and life sciences, such as 生物 (seibutsu - living thing/organism) and 生命 (seimei - life). * 物 (butsu): This kanji means 'thing', 'object', or 'matter'. It's a general classifier for physical objects or substances, often combined with other kanji to specify the type of thing, like 物質 (busshitsu - material/substance). * 質 (shitsu): This kanji means 'quality', 'nature', or 'substance'. When combined with 物 (butsu) to form 物質 (busshitsu), it specifically refers to a chemical substance or material. So, literally, '抗生物質' can be interpreted as 'anti-living-thing substance' or 'substance that opposes living things'. This accurately reflects the function of antibiotics: to combat or destroy harmful living microorganisms (bacteria) within a host. The concept of antibiotics emerged in the early 20th century, with significant discoveries like penicillin by Alexander Fleming in 1928. As these life-saving drugs were developed and introduced globally, Japan, like other nations, adopted the terminology to describe them. The Japanese term '抗生物質' is a calque (a loan translation) of the Western term 'antibiotic', which itself comes from the Greek 'anti-' (against) and 'bios' (life). Before the widespread use of antibiotics, traditional Japanese medicine would have used various herbal remedies and practices to treat infections, but the specific concept of a 'substance against living microbes' as we understand antibiotics is a product of modern microbiology and pharmacology. The term became common in Japanese medical and pharmaceutical contexts as these drugs were commercialized and integrated into mainstream healthcare, particularly after World War II. Its construction aligns with the logical and descriptive nature of much Japanese scientific vocabulary, where terms are often created by combining existing kanji to precisely convey a new concept.

Kultureller Kontext

In Japan, the concept of '抗生物質' (kōseibusshitsu), or antibiotics, is well-understood within the medical community and among the general public. There's a strong emphasis on professional medical consultation before antibiotic use due to concerns about antimicrobial resistance, a global issue that Japan also actively addresses. Traditional Japanese medicine (Kampo) exists alongside Western medicine, and while Kampo doesn't use antibiotics, its practitioners and patients are generally aware of their role in treating bacterial infections. Public health campaigns often highlight the importance of proper antibiotic use and the dangers of misuse, contributing to a generally informed populace regarding these medications. There's also a cultural inclination towards preventative health and seeking medical advice for illnesses, which extends to how antibiotics are perceived and utilized.

Merkhilfe

Visualize a 'kou' (効 - efficacy) high (高 - kou) school student who is a 'sei' (生 - life) star (星 - sei), always fighting off 'bu' (物 - thing) llies. This 'shitsu' (質 - quality) student has excellent 'antibiotic' qualities, protecting others.

Häufig gestellte Fragen

4 Fragen
抗生物質 (kōseibushitsu) is the Japanese term for 'antibiotic'. Antibiotics are powerful medicines that fight bacterial infections. They work by either killing bacteria or stopping them from reproducing, allowing the body's natural defenses to clear the infection. It's crucial to understand that antibiotics are only effective against bacterial infections and will not work for viral infections like the common cold or flu. Using antibiotics incorrectly, such as for viral illnesses, can contribute to antibiotic resistance, a serious global health threat.
抗生物質 (kōseibushitsu) are prescribed by doctors when a bacterial infection is diagnosed or strongly suspected. Common conditions that may require antibiotics include strep throat, urinary tract infections, certain types of pneumonia, and skin infections. A healthcare professional will assess your symptoms, and sometimes perform tests, to determine if a bacterial infection is present and which specific antibiotic would be most effective. It's vital to only take antibiotics prescribed for you and to follow the dosage instructions carefully.
Like all medications, 抗生物質 (kōseibushitsu) can have side effects, although not everyone experiences them. Common side effects often include gastrointestinal issues like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or stomach cramps. Some people may develop allergic reactions, which can range from a mild rash to a severe, life-threatening anaphylaxis. Other potential side effects can include yeast infections, increased sensitivity to sunlight, or interactions with other medications. It's important to discuss any concerns or side effects with your doctor or pharmacist.
It is extremely important to complete the entire course of 抗生物質 (kōseibushitsu) as prescribed by your doctor, even if you start feeling better. Stopping antibiotics early can lead to several problems. Firstly, it might not fully eliminate all the bacteria, allowing the infection to return and potentially become more difficult to treat. Secondly, incomplete treatment can contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance, where bacteria evolve to become immune to the effects of the antibiotic, making future infections harder to cure. Always finish the prescribed course to ensure the infection is fully eradicated and to help prevent resistance.

Teste dich selbst

fill blank

医師は患者に___________を処方した。(The doctor prescribed ______ to the patient.)

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
fill blank

風邪には___________は効かない。(___________ don't work for colds.)

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
fill blank

___________を服用する際は、指示された期間全て飲み切ることが大切です。(When taking ___________, it's important to finish the entire prescribed course.)

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

Ergebnis: /3

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