延びる (nobiru) means to extend, grow, or be postponed.
It's an intransitive verb, focusing on the subject's own change.
Used for physical growth, spatial extension, and temporal delays.
Distinguish from 伸ばす (nobasu), which is transitive.
The Japanese verb '延びる' (nobiru) is a versatile word that translates to 'to extend', 'to grow', or 'to be postponed'. It's an intransitive verb, meaning it describes a change in the subject itself rather than an action performed on an object. You'll encounter '延びる' in many everyday situations. For instance, when talking about physical growth, such as a child getting taller or a plant growing in a garden, '延びる' is the perfect word. It's also used for things that increase in length or size, like a road that extends further or a queue that gets longer. In a more abstract sense, it can refer to an increase in time, meaning something is delayed or postponed. This is common in scheduling events, deadlines, or appointments. The nuance lies in the subject's own tendency to lengthen, expand, or shift later in time without direct external force causing it in that specific moment of description.
Physical Growth
This is perhaps the most common usage. When you see a plant getting taller or a child growing, you can say it is 延びる.
Extension in Space
This refers to things getting longer or spreading out. For example, a road might 延びる into the distance, or a rumor might 延びる.
Postponement/Delay
When an event or deadline is moved to a later date, it 延びる. This is a very practical use of the word.
Increase in Quantity/Quality
Sometimes, '延びる' can refer to an increase in abstract things like sales, reputation, or even skills. For example, 'sales will extend' or 'my understanding has extended'.
子供の身長が毎年よく延びる。
The child's height grows well every year.
Using '延びる' (nobiru) correctly involves understanding its intransitive nature and the context of the sentence. It's often paired with particles like が (ga) to mark the subject that is extending or being postponed. When referring to postponement, common phrases include 日程が延びる (nittei ga nobiru - the schedule is postponed) or 締め切りが延びる (shimekiri ga nobiru - the deadline is extended). For physical growth, you might hear 身長が延びる (shinchou ga nobiru - height grows) or 髪が延びる (kami ga nobiru - hair grows). The verb can be conjugated into various forms, such as the polite ます (masu) form (延びます - nobimasu), the past tense (延びた - nobitā), or the potential form (延びられる - nobirareru), although the potential form is less common. Consider the subject of the sentence; if it's something that inherently grows, extends, or is subject to delay, '延びる' is likely the appropriate verb. For example, 'The popularity of the new product is extending' would use '延びる' to describe the increase in popularity. Similarly, 'The train line extends to the next town' uses '延びる' for spatial extension. Remember that '延びる' focuses on the subject's own change, not an action performed by someone else on the subject. This distinction is crucial when comparing it to transitive verbs like '伸ばす' (nobasu).
Subject + が + 延びる
This is the most fundamental structure. The noun marked by 'ga' is the entity that is extending, growing, or being postponed.
Referring to Time/Schedule
When an event is delayed, the subject is often a noun related to time or schedule, like 締め切り (deadline), 予定 (plan/schedule), or 公演 (performance).
Referring to Physical Growth
For biological growth, the subject is typically a living thing or a part of it, like 子供 (child), 身長 (height), or 髪 (hair).
Referring to Spatial Extension
For things extending in space, subjects can include 道 (road), 線路 (railway line), or 噂 (rumor).
会議の開始時間が３０分延びるようだ。
It seems the meeting start time will be extended by 30 minutes.
You'll hear '延びる' (nobiru) frequently in various real-life scenarios. In educational settings, teachers might announce that a test date has been postponed: "試験日が延びます" (Shikenbi ga nobi masu - The test date will be postponed). Parents often talk about their children's growth: "うちの子はどんどん延びている" (Uchi no ko wa dondon nobi te iru - My child is growing taller rapidly). In the workplace, project managers might inform their team about a deadline extension: "プロジェクトの締め切りが延びました" (Purojekuto no shimekiri ga nobi mashita - The project deadline has been extended). News reports might cover how a road construction project has taken longer than expected: "工事期間が延びている" (Kouji kikan ga nobi te iru - The construction period is being extended). Even in casual conversations about personal appearance, someone might say, "髪が延びたから、そろそろ切りたい" (Kami ga nobi ta kara, sorosoro kiritai - My hair has grown long, so I want to cut it soon). In business contexts, discussions about sales figures might involve: "今年の売上は去年に延びるだろう" (Kotoshi no uriage wa kyonen ni nobiru darou - This year's sales are expected to extend beyond last year's). The word is ubiquitous, appearing in announcements, personal anecdotes, and professional updates.
School Announcements
Used for postponing exams, school events, or submission deadlines. Example: "文化祭の準備期間が延びました。" (Bunkasai no junbi kikan ga nobi mashita.)
Family Conversations
Commonly used when discussing children's growth, plant growth, or even hair length. Example: "子供の身長が延びて、もう服が小さくなってきた。" (Kodomo no shinchou ga nobi te, mou fuku ga chiisaku natte kita.)
Workplace Updates
Essential for communicating delays in projects, deadlines, or meetings. Example: "このプロジェクトは、予期せぬ問題で納期が延びる可能性があります。" (Kono purojekuto wa, yoki senu mondai de nouki ga nobiru kanousei ga arimasu.)
News and Public Announcements
Used in reports about infrastructure, events, or any situation involving delays or extensions. Example: "大雨の影響で、交通機関の運行に遅延が延びています。" (Oame no eikyou de, koutsuu kikan no unkou ni chien ga nobi te imasu.)
夏休みの宿題の提出期限が延びた。
The deadline for summer homework has been extended.
One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with '延びる' (nobiru) is confusing it with its transitive counterpart, '伸ばす' (nobasu). '延びる' is intransitive, meaning the subject itself undergoes the change (e.g., the plant grows), while '伸ばす' is transitive, meaning the subject actively causes something else to extend or grow (e.g., you stretch your arm). For example, saying "私が髪を延びるた" (Watashi ga kami o nobiru - I grew my hair) is incorrect. The correct way to say 'I grew my hair' would involve a different structure or using '伸ばす' in a different context if you were actively trying to make it grow longer through specific actions, though typically hair growth is seen as an intransitive process. Another common error is using '延びる' when a different verb for increase is more appropriate. For instance, if sales are increasing significantly due to a successful campaign, while '売上が延びる' (uriage ga nobiru - sales extend/increase) can be used, sometimes verbs like '増加する' (zouka suru - to increase) or '増える' (fueru - to increase) might be more precise depending on the nuance. Also, learners might incorrectly use '延びる' for things that are 'made longer' by an external force. For example, you don't '延びる' a shelf; you '伸ばす' (nobasu) it or build a longer one. The intransitive nature is paramount: the subject is growing or extending on its own. Finally, misconjugation or incorrect particle usage can lead to errors. Always ensure the subject is marked correctly, usually with 'が' (ga), and that the verb is in the appropriate tense and politeness level.
Confusing with 伸ばす (nobasu)
The most common mistake is using '延びる' (intransitive) when '伸ばす' (transitive) is needed, or vice versa. '延びる' describes the subject's own growth or extension, while '伸ばす' describes an action of extending something else.
Incorrect Subject Marking
While 'が' (ga) is typical, sometimes learners might use 'を' (o) incorrectly, treating '延びる' as transitive.
Using for Active Extension
Applying '延びる' to situations where something is actively being made longer by an external agent, rather than growing or extending on its own.
Overgeneralization of 'Increase'
Using '延びる' for any kind of increase when more specific verbs like '増える' (fueru) or '増加する' (zouka suru) might be more precise.
間違った例：私は髪を延びた。
Incorrect Example: I grew my hair (literally: I hair extended).
While '延びる' (nobiru) is a common and useful verb, several other Japanese words share similar meanings or can be used as alternatives depending on the specific nuance. The most important distinction is with '伸ばす' (nobasu), the transitive counterpart. '伸ばす' means to extend, stretch, or grow something actively. For example, you '伸ばす' your arm, or you '伸ばす' a piece of dough. In contrast, '延びる' is intransitive: your arm '延びる', and the dough might '延びる' if left to rest. When talking about an increase in quantity or number, '増える' (fueru - to increase) or '増加する' (zouka suru - to increase) are often more appropriate than '延びる'. For instance, 'the number of students increased' would more naturally be '生徒数が増えた' (seitosuu ga fueta) rather than '生徒数が延びた'. For abstract growth in skill or knowledge, '向上する' (koujou suru - to improve) or '上達する' (joutatsu suru - to improve/get better) might be better choices than '延びる'. However, '延びる' can sometimes be used for abstract growth, like '成績が延びる' (seiseki ga nobiru - grades improve), though '向上する' is also common. In the context of postponement, '遅れる' (okureru - to be delayed) can sometimes be used, but '延びる' specifically implies a shift to a later date rather than just a general delay. For physical stretching, '伸びる' is used, but for actively stretching oneself, 'ストレッチする' (sutorecchi suru - to stretch) or '体を伸ばす' (karada o nobasu) might be used. The choice often hinges on whether the subject is undergoing the change itself or is the agent of the change.
伸ばす (nobasu)
Transitive verb meaning 'to extend, stretch, grow something'. Use when you actively make something longer or bigger. Example: 彼は腕を伸ばした。(Kare wa ude o nobashita. - He stretched his arm.)
増える (fueru) / 増加する (zouka suru)
Intransitive verbs meaning 'to increase' in quantity or number. Use when referring to a rise in count. Example: 登録者数が増えた。(Tourokusha-suu ga fueta. - The number of registrants increased.)
向上する (koujou suru) / 上達する (joutatsu suru)
Verbs meaning 'to improve' or 'to get better', often used for skills, performance, or quality. Example: 彼の日本語は上達した。(Kare no Nihongo wa joutatsu shita. - His Japanese has improved.)
遅れる (okureru)
Intransitive verb meaning 'to be delayed'. While sometimes interchangeable with '延びる' for postponements, '延びる' specifically implies a shift to a later date, whereas '遅れる' can mean simply being late.
This is a comparison table of similar words:
Word
Meaning
Usage Example
Difference from 延びる
伸ばす (nobasu)
To extend (transitive)
電話線伸ばした。 (Denwasen nobashita. - Stretched the phone cord.)
Requires an object; active action.
増える (fueru)
To increase (quantity)
会員が増えた。 (Kaiin ga fueta. - The number of members increased.)
Focuses on number/quantity, not length/duration.
向上する (koujou suru)
To improve (quality/skill)
技術が向上した。 (Gijutsu ga koujou shita. - The technology improved.)
Refers to improvement in quality or skill, not physical extension.
How Formal Is It?
Formell
"原材料の供給不足により、生産計画の完了時期が当初の予定より延期される見込みです。"
Neutral
"子供の身長がよく延びるので、服を買い替えなければなりません。"
Informell
"あー、宿題の締め切りまた延びたよ！"
Child friendly
"みてみて！僕の背が延びたよ！"
Wusstest du?
The kanji 延 (en) is composed of the radical 廴 (yإن) which signifies 'walking slowly' or 'to drag', combined with 臣 (shin) meaning 'retainer' or 'subject'. This combination might metaphorically suggest a slow, drawn-out progression or a subject's duty to prolong something. The verb '延びる' embodies this sense of drawn-out progression, whether in space, time, or growth.
Aussprachehilfe
UK/nəˈbɪruː/
US/noʊˈbɪruː/
The primary stress in '延びる' (nobiru) falls on the second syllable, 'bi'. However, Japanese is generally a pitch-accent language, and the pitch pattern for this verb is typically high-low-low.
Reimt sich auf
滑る (suberu - to slip)沈む (shizumu - to sink)止む (yamu - to stop)読む (yomu - to read)遊ぶ (asobu - to play)信じる (shinjiru - to believe)感じる (kanjiru - to feel)伸びる (nobiru - to grow/extend)
Häufige Fehler
Mispronouncing the 'bi' sound, making it too short or too long.
Putting stress on the wrong syllable, such as the first ('no') or the last ('ru').
Not differentiating the pitch accent from English stress patterns, which can lead to sounding unnatural.
Schwierigkeitsgrad
Lesen3/5
Recognizing '延びる' in reading materials is generally straightforward, especially in contexts of growth or postponement. However, understanding its more abstract or metaphorical uses requires a deeper grasp of context and nuance. Texts discussing economic trends, artistic concepts, or complex project management might present more challenging interpretations.
Schreiben3/5
Using '延びる' correctly in writing requires careful attention to its intransitive nature and the distinction from '伸ばす'. Learners might struggle with choosing the right verb and ensuring the subject is appropriate. Advanced usage in abstract contexts also poses a challenge.
Sprechen3/5
Speaking with '延びる' can be challenging due to the need to quickly determine if the situation calls for growth, extension, or postponement, and then to use the correct verb form. Differentiating it from '伸ばす' in spontaneous speech is crucial for naturalness.
Hören3/5
Understanding '延びる' in spoken Japanese depends heavily on context. While common uses like 'my height grew' or 'the deadline was postponed' are usually clear, more nuanced or metaphorical applications might require careful listening and deduction.
Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest
Voraussetzungen
なる (naru - to become)時間 (jikan - time)日 (hi - day)長いです (nagai desu - is long)大きいです (ookii desu - is big)
Als Nächstes lernen
伸ばす (nobasu - to extend, transitive)遅れる (okureru - to be delayed)増える (fueru - to increase)短縮する (tanshuku suru - to shorten)延長する (enchou suru - to extend, transitive)
The key difference between 延びる (nobiru - intransitive) and 伸ばす (nobasu - transitive) is whether the subject is performing the action on itself or on an object. For example, 'My hair grows' (髪が延びる - kami ga nobiru) is intransitive, while 'I grow my hair' (髪を伸ばす - kami o nobasu) is transitive.
Particle Usage with Intransitive Verbs
Intransitive verbs like 延びる are typically followed by the subject marker が (ga). For instance, 'The deadline is extended' becomes 締め切りが延びる (shimekiri ga nobiru).
Verb Conjugations
'延びる' can be conjugated like other -iru verbs. The polite form is 延びます (nobimasu), the past tense is 延びた (nobita), the te-form is 延びて (nobite), and the potential form is 延びられる (nobirareru).
Causative Forms (Indirectly Related)
While '延びる' is intransitive, its transitive counterpart '伸ばす' can be made causative (e.g., 伸ばさせる - nobasaseru, to make someone extend something). Understanding the causative structure helps clarify the transitive nature of related verbs.
Nominalization
The verb can be nominalized into '伸び' (nobi), meaning 'growth' or 'extension'. For example, '身長の伸び' (shinchou no nobi - growth in height).
Due to the prolonged conflict, the region's economic reconstruction plan has been extended further than originally planned, making residents' recovery efforts extremely difficult.
Connecting prolonged conflict to significant delays in reconstruction and hardship.
5
彼の語学学習は、単に知識を詰め込むだけでなく、異文化理解へとその幅を延びさせている。
His language learning is not just about cramming knowledge, but also extending its breadth to intercultural understanding.
Describing the expansion of learning beyond basic acquisition to deeper understanding.
6
自然災害への対応策の策定が遅れ、被害を受けた地域の復旧作業の開始時期が延びた。
The formulation of disaster response measures was delayed, extending the start time for recovery operations in the affected areas.
Highlighting how delays in planning lead to postponements in critical recovery efforts.
7
この研究は、未解明な部分が多く、その探求は次世代へと延びていく可能性が高い。
This research has many unresolved aspects, and its exploration is likely to extend to the next generation.
Suggesting that the scope of research will extend across generations.
8
現代アートにおける「空間」の概念は、物理的な境界を超え、鑑賞者の想像力の中で延びていく。
The concept of 'space' in contemporary art transcends physical boundaries, extending within the viewer's imagination.
A highly abstract and conceptual use of '延びる' in art criticism.
Economic stagnation combined with geopolitical instability suggests that the recovery of international investment will be further delayed beyond initial forecasts.
A complex sentence structure discussing the interplay of economic and geopolitical factors causing extended delays.
2
その作家の叙述は、読者の感情の機微にまで及び、物語の余韻は読後も長く延びる。
The author's narrative extends to the subtle nuances of the reader's emotions, leaving a lingering resonance long after the book is finished.
Describing the extended emotional and intellectual impact of literature.
Facing an unprecedented crisis, the implementation of the government's response measures has been significantly delayed from the original plan, following extensive discussions to gain public understanding and cooperation.
A complex sentence detailing the extended process of policy implementation due to public engagement.
4
芸術における「時間」の概念は、単なる経過ではなく、鑑賞者の内面世界へと延び、その体験を深化させる。
The concept of 'time' in art is not merely a passage but extends into the viewer's inner world, deepening their experience.
A philosophical interpretation of how art can alter or extend the perception of time.
Efforts towards achieving a sustainable society extend their progress across generations, representing an attempt to share responsibility for the future.
Describing long-term, intergenerational efforts towards a goal.
6
その哲学者の思索は、人間の存在の根源にまで及び、その影響は学問のあらゆる領域へと延びている。
The philosopher's contemplation reaches the very roots of human existence, and its influence extends into all areas of scholarship.
Illustrating the far-reaching and pervasive influence of profound philosophical thought.
In the modern era where the speed of technological innovation is accelerating, educational systems must constantly push their limits and continue to explore new learning paradigms.
Discussing the continuous need for educational systems to adapt and expand their capabilities in response to rapid technological change.
8
現代社会における「つながり」の概念は、物理的な距離を超え、デジタル空間において無限に延びていく。
The concept of 'connection' in modern society transcends physical distance, extending infinitely within the digital realm.
A highly abstract description of digital connectivity and its boundless nature.
Häufige Kollokationen
身長が延びる (shinchou ga nobiru)
髪が延びる (kami ga nobiru)
締め切りが延びる (shimekiri ga nobiru)
予定が延びる (yotei ga nobiru)
期間が延びる (kikan ga nobiru)
道が延びる (michi ga nobiru)
人気が延びる (ninki ga nobiru)
売上が延びる (uriage ga nobiru)
時間が延びる (jikan ga nobiru)
関係が延びる (kankei ga nobiru)
Häufige Phrasen
延び延びになる (nobi nobi ni naru)
予定が延びる (yotei ga nobiru)
締め切りが延びる (shimekiri ga nobiru)
期間が延びる (kikan ga nobiru)
身長が延びる (shinchou ga nobiru)
髪が延びる (kami ga nobiru)
人気が延びる (ninki ga nobiru)
道が延びる (michi ga nobiru)
時間が延びる (jikan ga nobiru)
成績が延びる (seiseki ga nobiru)
Wird oft verwechselt mit
延びるvs伸ばす (nobasu)
'延びる' is intransitive (the subject grows/extends itself), while '伸ばす' is transitive (an agent makes something grow/extend). For example, hair grows (髪が延びる), but you stretch your arm (腕を伸ばす).
延びるvs増える (fueru)
'延びる' typically refers to length, duration, or spatial extension. '増える' refers specifically to an increase in number or quantity. For instance, sales might '延びる' (increase) or '増える' (increase in number of transactions).
延びるvs遅れる (okureru)
Both can refer to postponements. However, '延びる' implies a shift to a later date, often with a new target, while '遅れる' simply means being late or delayed, not necessarily rescheduling.
Redewendungen & Ausdrücke
"延び延びになる (nobi nobi ni naru)"
To be repeatedly postponed or drawn out, suggesting a lack of progress or efficiency. It implies that something is taking much longer than expected due to continuous delays or procrastination.
このプロジェクトは、いくつもの問題で延び延びになっている。(Kono purojekuto wa, ikutsumo no mondai de nobi nobi ni natte iru. - This project is being repeatedly postponed due to several issues.)
Neutral
"背が伸びる (se ga nobiru)"
To grow taller. This is a common idiom used specifically for physical growth in height, especially for children and adolescents.
子供はあっという間に背が伸びるものだ。(Kodomo wa atto iu ma ni se ga nobiru mono da. - Children grow taller in the blink of an eye.
Neutral
"髪が伸びる (kami ga nobiru)"
Hair grows. Used to describe the natural process of hair getting longer over time.
美容師が「髪がよく伸びていますね」と言った。(Biyōshi ga 'Kami ga yoku nobi te imasu ne' to itta. - The hairdresser said, 'Your hair is growing well, isn't it?')
Neutral
"肩で風を切って歩く (kata de kaze o kitte aruku)"
To walk with one's shoulders back and chest out, with an air of confidence or pride. While not directly using '延びる', the idea of 'stretching' or 'extending' oneself in posture is related to a sense of growth or expansion.
合格した彼は、肩で風を切って歩いていた。(Gōkaku shita kare wa, kata de kaze o kitte arui te ita. - Having passed, he walked with his shoulders back, full of pride.)
Informal
"手を伸ばす (te o nobasu)"
To reach out one's hand. This is the transitive counterpart, using '伸ばす' (nobasu), meaning to actively extend one's arm. It can also be used metaphorically for reaching for something or aspiring to something.
彼は遠くにある本に手を伸ばした。(Kare wa tōku ni aru hon ni te o nobashita. - He reached out his hand towards the book that was far away.)
Neutral
"限界を延ばす (genkai o nobasu)"
To push the limits or boundaries. This uses the transitive '伸ばす' and implies actively extending one's capabilities or the limits of something.
アスリートは常に自己の限界を伸ばそうとする。(Asurīto wa tsune ni jiko no genkai o nobasō to suru. - Athletes always try to push their own limits.)
Formal
"物語が延びる (monogatari ga nobiru)"
The story extends or unfolds. This can refer to a narrative that continues for a long time or develops in complexity.
このシリーズは人気のため、物語が延びることになった。(Kono shirīzu wa ninki no tame, monogatari ga nobiru koto ni natta. - Due to its popularity, this series' story will be extended.)
Neutral
"影響が延びる (eikyou ga nobiru)"
The influence extends. This refers to the reach or impact of something spreading over time or space.
彼の功績は後世にまで影響が延びている。(Kare no kōseki wa kōsei ni made eikyou ga nobi te iru. - His achievements' influence extends even to later generations.)
Formal
"足が延びる (ashi ga nobiru)"
Literally, 'legs extend'. This can sometimes be used colloquially to mean making a detour or going further than intended on a journey, often unexpectedly.
ちょっと用事を足していたら、足が延びてしまった。(Chotto yōji o tashite itara, ashi ga nobi te shimatta. - While running a small errand, I ended up going further than planned.)
Informal
"鼻が延びる (hana ga nobiru)"
Literally 'nose extends'. This is a humorous expression used when someone is lying or bragging excessively, implying their nose would grow like Pinocchio's.
そんな嘘ばかりついていると、鼻が延びるぞ！(Sonna uso bakari tsuite iru to, hana ga nobiru zo! - If you keep telling such lies, your nose will grow!)
Informal/Humorous
Leicht verwechselbar
延びるvs伸ばす (nobasu)
Both relate to extension and growth, but differ in transitivity.
'延びる' is intransitive: the subject itself extends or grows (e.g., a plant grows). '伸ばす' is transitive: an agent actively extends something else (e.g., you stretch a rope). For instance, hair grows (髪が延びる), but you stretch your own arm (腕を伸ばす).
子供の背が延びた。(Kodomo no se ga nobi ta. - The child's height grew.) vs. 彼は腕を伸ばした。(Kare wa ude o nobashita. - He stretched his arm.)
延びるvs長くなる (nagaku naru)
Both describe becoming longer.
'延びる' often implies a more natural or inherent process of lengthening, or a postponement. '長くなる' is a more direct description of becoming longer, often used for physical objects or hair without the nuance of postponement or abstract growth.
髪が延びた。(Kami ga nobi ta. - Hair grew long.) vs. 髪が長くなった。(Kami ga nagaku natta. - Hair became long.) (subtle difference, 延びる can feel more organic)
延びるvs増える (fueru)
Both can describe an increase.
'延びる' relates to length, duration, spatial extension, or abstract growth. '増える' specifically refers to an increase in quantity or number. For example, 'sales grew' could be 売上が延びた (uriage ga nobi ta - sales increased/extended) or 売上が増えた (uriage ga fueta - sales increased in number/amount).
来場者数が延びた。(Raijōsha-suu ga nobi ta. - The number of visitors extended/increased.) vs. 来場者数が増えた。(Raijōsha-suu ga fueta. - The number of visitors increased.) (増える is more common for pure count)
延びるvs遅れる (okureru)
Both can indicate a delay or postponement.
'延びる' implies a shift to a later date, often with a new specific time or period. '遅れる' simply means to be late or delayed, without necessarily implying a rescheduling. For example, 'The meeting was postponed' is 会議が延びた (kaigi ga nobi ta), while 'The train is delayed' is 電車が遅れている (densha ga okurete iru).
会議が延びた。(Kaigi ga nobi ta. - The meeting was postponed.) vs. 電車が遅れた。(Densha ga okure ta. - The train was delayed.)
延びるvs発展する (hatten suru)
Both can relate to growth and development.
'延びる' typically refers to linear extension, increase in size/duration, or postponement. '発展する' means to develop, progress, or evolve, often implying a more complex or qualitative advancement, like economic development or technological progress.
経済が延びている。(Keizai ga nobi te iru. - The economy is growing/extending.) vs. 経済が発展している。(Keizai ga hatten shite iru. - The economy is developing.) (発展 implies more qualitative progress)
Satzmuster
Basic
Subject + が + 延びる。
身長が延びる。(Shinchou ga nobiru. - Height grows.)
Basic
Subject + が + [Duration/Amount] + 延びる。
髪が５センチ延びた。(Kami ga go-senchi nobi ta. - Hair grew 5 centimeters.)
Intermediate
Subject + は + [Timeframe] + まで + 延びる。
締め切りは来週まで延びる。(Shimekiri wa raishū made nobiru. - The deadline will extend until next week.)
Intermediate
[Cause] + のため/により、Subject + が + 延びる。
悪天候により、試合が延びた。(Akutenkō ni yori, shiai ga nobi ta. - Due to bad weather, the match was postponed.)
Intermediate
Subject + は + 予想 + より + 延びる。
売上は予想より延びた。(Uriage wa yosō yori nobi ta. - Sales exceeded expectations.)
Advanced
Subject + は + 延び延びになる。
仕事が延び延びになっている。(Shigoto ga nobi nobi ni natte iru. - The work is being repeatedly postponed.)
Advanced
Subject + は + [Abstract Concept] + のように + 延びる。
彼の知識は知識の海のように延びていく。(Kare no chishiki wa chishiki no umi no yō ni nobi te iku. - His knowledge extends like the sea of knowledge.)
Advanced
Subject + は + [Agent] + によって + 延びる。
この技術は研究者たちによって延びている。(Kono gijutsu wa kenkyūsha-tachi ni yotte nobi te iru. - This technology is growing due to researchers.)
Using 延びる when 伸ばす is needed.→髪が延びた。(Kami ga nobi ta.) - My hair grew.
'延びる' is intransitive. The subject (hair) grows on its own. If you are actively making something longer, you use the transitive verb '伸ばす'. For example, 'I stretched my arm' is 腕を伸ばした (ude o nobashita).
Using 延びる for an increase in number.→会員数が増えた。(Kaiin-suu ga fueta.) - The number of members increased.
'延びる' typically refers to length, duration, or abstract growth. For a simple increase in count, '増える' (fueru) is more appropriate.
Confusing 延びる with 遅れる for postponements.→会議が延びた。(Kaigi ga nobi ta.) - The meeting was postponed.
'延びる' implies a rescheduling to a later date. '遅れる' (okureru) just means to be late or delayed, without necessarily rescheduling. Use '延びる' when a new time is implied or known.
Using 延びる to describe active shortening.→時間を短縮する。(Jikan o tanshuku suru.) - To shorten the time.
'延びる' means to extend or lengthen. The opposite action, shortening, requires verbs like '縮む' (chijimu - to shrink, intransitive) or '短縮する' (tanshuku suru - to shorten, transitive).
Treating 延びる as transitive (e.g., using を particle incorrectly).→この道は町まで延びている。(Kono michi wa machi made nobi te iru.) - This road extends to the town.
'延びる' is intransitive, so the subject (the road) is marked with が or は, not を. The structure is Subject + が/は + 延びる.
Tipps
Intransitive Nature
Remember that '延びる' is an intransitive verb. This means the subject of the sentence is the entity that is growing, extending, or being postponed. You cannot say 'I extend the deadline' with '延びる'; you would need the transitive verb '伸ばす' (nobasu) for that.
Visualize the Action
To better remember '延びる', try to visualize the action. Imagine a plant stretching upwards, a road unrolling into the distance, or a calendar date being pushed further away. This visual association can aid recall.
Pitch Accent
While not as pronounced as in some other Japanese words, '延びる' has a typical pitch accent pattern (high-low-low). Try to mimic native speakers to achieve a natural pronunciation, focusing the slight emphasis on the 'bi' sound.
Distinguish from 伸ばす
The most common pitfall is confusing '延びる' with its transitive counterpart '伸ばす'. Always ask yourself: is the subject doing the extending itself, or is someone/something else extending it? If the former, use '延びる'; if the latter, consider '伸ばす'.
Sentence Creation
Actively create sentences using '延びる' in different contexts: physical growth, schedule changes, spatial extension, and abstract increases. This hands-on practice is crucial for solidifying your understanding.
Kanji Clues
The kanji 延 itself means 'to prolong' or 'to extend'. This core meaning directly relates to the verb's usage, hinting at drawn-out processes, whether in space, time, or growth.
Compare with Similar Verbs
Understand how '延びる' differs from related verbs like '増える' (to increase in number), '遅れる' (to be delayed), and '発展する' (to develop). Recognizing these nuances will help you choose the most precise verb for each situation.
Natural Growth vs. Active Extension
Japanese culture often appreciates natural processes. '延びる' aligns with this, describing things that grow or extend organically. Consider this cultural nuance when deciding if '延びる' or an active verb like '伸ばす' is more appropriate.
Regular Review
Periodically review sentences and examples where '延びる' is used. This consistent exposure will reinforce its meaning and usage patterns in your memory.
Einprägen
Eselsbrücke
Imagine a very tall plant, its stem stretching (延びる) towards the sun. Or, think of a calendar where an important date keeps getting pushed back (延びる) later and later.
Visuelle Assoziation
Picture a measuring tape being unrolled, showing its length extending (延びる). Alternatively, visualize a long queue of people stretching out (延びる).
Try to describe three different scenarios using '延びる' (nobiru): one about physical growth, one about a schedule change, and one about spatial extension. For example, 'My hair has grown long,' 'The meeting was postponed,' and 'The road extends to the mountains.'
Wortherkunft
The word '延びる' (nobiru) originates from Old Japanese. The kanji 延 itself means 'to prolong' or 'to extend'. The verb form '延びる' is the intransitive usage of this concept, indicating that something is naturally becoming longer or being pushed back in time.
Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: The original meaning of the kanji 延 relates to drawing out or prolonging something. This core meaning is preserved in the verb '延びる', which describes the process of something becoming longer, larger, or taking more time.
Japonic languages
Kultureller Kontext
When discussing postponements ('延びる'), it's important to be mindful of the context. A postponement due to a natural disaster or a serious issue might be met with sympathy, while a postponement due to poor planning could be seen negatively. Similarly, discussing physical growth ('身長が延びる') should be done respectfully, especially concerning children.
In English-speaking cultures, while we have words like 'extend,' 'grow,' and 'postpone,' the Japanese '延びる' often carries a more inherent sense of the subject's own passive or natural change, rather than an active external force. For example, 'My hair grows' (intransitive) is natural, but 'I grow my hair' sounds odd unless it implies active cultivation.
In the anime 'My Neighbor Totoro', the magical tree grows rapidly, showcasing a fantastical example of '延びる'.Many Japanese novels and manga depict characters whose height '延びる' during their adolescence, a common relatable theme.News reports about infrastructure projects often mention how construction timelines '延びる' due to various issues.
Im Alltag üben
Kontexte aus dem Alltag
Discussing personal growth (height, hair length, skills)
身長が延びる
髪が延びる
成績が延びる
語学力が延びる
Talking about scheduling and deadlines
締め切りが延びる
予定が延びる
期間が延びる
会議が延びる
Describing physical extension or expansion
道が延びる
線路が延びる
範囲が延びる
列が延びる
Business and economic discussions
売上が延びる
人気が延びる
事業が延びる
市場が延びる
Metaphorical or abstract uses
影響が延びる
物語が延びる
想像力が延びる
限界が延びる
Gesprächseinstiege
"最近、身長が延びた実感はありますか？ (Saikin, shinchou ga nobi ta jikkan wa arimasu ka?)"
"何か締め切りが延びて、助かった経験はありますか？ (Nanika shimekiri ga nobi te, tasukatta keiken wa arimasu ka?)"
"あなたの住んでいる街は、どのくらい道が延びていますか？ (Anata no sunde iru machi wa, dono kurai michi ga nobi te imasu ka?)"
"最近、一番人気が延びていると思うものは何ですか？ (Saikin, ichiban ninki ga nobi te iru to omou mono wa nan desu ka?)"
"もし時間が延びるとしたら、何をしたいですか？ (Moshi jikan ga nobiru to shitara, nani o shitai desu ka?)"
Tagebuch-Impulse
Describe a time when your height or the height of someone you know significantly grew. How did it feel?
Write about a deadline that was postponed. How did it affect your plans and feelings?
Imagine a road that extends to a new, exciting destination. Describe where it leads and what you might find there.
Reflect on something that has become increasingly popular recently. How do you think its popularity grew?
Think about a personal skill or hobby that has improved or 'grown' over time. What steps did you take, and how does it feel to see it extend?
Häufig gestellte Fragen
10 Fragen
The main difference lies in transitivity. '延びる' (nobiru) is an intransitive verb, meaning the subject itself grows, extends, or is postponed (e.g., 'My height grew' - 身長が延びた). '伸ばす' (nobasu) is a transitive verb, meaning to actively extend or grow something else (e.g., 'I stretched my arm' - 腕を伸ばした). Think of it as 'something extends itself' versus 'someone extends something'.
Yes, '延びる' is frequently used for abstract concepts that increase or grow. For example, '人気が延びる' (ninki ga nobiru) means popularity is growing, and '売上が延びる' (uriage ga nobiru) means sales are increasing. In these cases, it signifies a positive trend or expansion.
'延びる' specifically implies that an event or deadline is being moved to a later date, often with a new target time or period. '遅れる' (okureru) simply means to be late or delayed, without necessarily indicating a rescheduling. For example, 'The meeting was postponed' is 会議が延びた (kaigi ga nobi ta), whereas 'The train is delayed' is 電車が遅れている (densha ga okurete iru).
'延びる' generally refers to an increase in length, duration, spatial extent, or abstract growth. '増える' (fueru) specifically refers to an increase in quantity or number. For instance, 'The number of visitors increased' is typically 来場者数が増えた (raijōsha-suu ga fueta), while 'The road extended' is 道が延びた (michi ga nobi ta).
Absolutely. '延びる' is very commonly used for physical growth, such as plants growing taller (植物が延びる - shokubutsu ga nobiru) or children growing taller (子供が延びる - kodomo ga nobiru). It describes the natural process of increasing in size.
Yes, it can be used metaphorically. For example, '物語が延びる' (monogatari ga nobiru) can mean the story is extended or unfolds over a longer period, perhaps due to popularity or the addition of new plotlines.
The noun form is '伸び' (nobi). For example, '身長の伸び' (shinchou no nobi) means 'growth in height', and '成績の伸び' (seiseki no nobi) means 'improvement in grades'.
Yes, '延び延びになる' (nobi nobi ni naru) is a common idiom meaning to be repeatedly postponed or drawn out, indicating a lack of progress. '背が伸びる' (se ga nobiru) is also a common phrase for growing taller.
'延びる' is generally intransitive and often implies a more natural or linear extension/growth. '拡大する' (kakudai suru) is transitive and means to enlarge or expand significantly, often used for businesses, territories, or scopes, implying a more deliberate and substantial increase.
Yes, but with caution regarding transitivity. If the rope itself extends naturally (e.g., due to heat), you could say 'ロープが延びる' (rōpu ga nobiru). However, if someone is actively stretching the rope, they would use 'ロープを伸ばす' (rōpu o nobasu).
The verb '延びる' (nobiru) is crucial for describing changes in length, size, duration, or scheduling where the subject itself is undergoing the transformation. It's an intransitive verb, meaning the subject is the one growing, extending, or being postponed, not something being acted upon by an external agent. Mastering its usage, especially differentiating it from the transitive '伸ばす' (nobasu), is key to natural Japanese expression.
延びる (nobiru) means to extend, grow, or be postponed.
It's an intransitive verb, focusing on the subject's own change.
Used for physical growth, spatial extension, and temporal delays.
Distinguish from 伸ばす (nobasu), which is transitive.
⚖️
Intransitive Nature
Remember that '延びる' is an intransitive verb. This means the subject of the sentence is the entity that is growing, extending, or being postponed. You cannot say 'I extend the deadline' with '延びる'; you would need the transitive verb '伸ばす' (nobasu) for that.
📚
Context is Key
The meaning of '延びる' can vary significantly based on the context. Pay close attention to the subject of the sentence and the surrounding words to determine if it refers to physical growth, spatial extension, postponement, or abstract increase.
🧠
Visualize the Action
To better remember '延びる', try to visualize the action. Imagine a plant stretching upwards, a road unrolling into the distance, or a calendar date being pushed further away. This visual association can aid recall.
🗣️
Pitch Accent
While not as pronounced as in some other Japanese words, '延びる' has a typical pitch accent pattern (high-low-low). Try to mimic native speakers to achieve a natural pronunciation, focusing the slight emphasis on the 'bi' sound.
