B1 adjective Neutral 2 Min. Lesezeit

親密な

shinmitsu na /ɕimmit͡suna/
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Overview

親密な (shinmitsuna) is a Japanese adjective that describes a deep, close, and often personal connection between people. It goes beyond mere familiarity, implying a sense of warmth, trust, and mutual understanding.

**Nuances and Usage:**

  • Emotional Closeness: The primary meaning revolves around emotional intimacy. This can be between romantic partners, close friends, or even family members who share a strong emotional bond. For example, 「彼らは親密な関係を築いている」 (Karera wa shinmitsuna kankei o kizuite iru) means “They are building an intimate relationship.”
  • Familiarity and Trust: “親密な” often suggests a level of familiarity where individuals feel comfortable being themselves and sharing personal thoughts and feelings without reservation. This trust is a cornerstone of an intimate relationship.
  • Confidentiality: Due to the deep trust involved, intimate relationships often involve sharing confidential information. If something is “親密な話” (shinmitsuna hanashi), it's a private or confidential conversation.
  • Exclusivity (Implied): While not always explicit, the term can imply a certain exclusivity or specialness to the relationship, distinguishing it from more casual acquaintances. For instance, a “親密な友人” (shinmitsuna yūjin) is a close friend, perhaps one of your closest.
  • Contextual Flexibility: While typically applied to personal relationships, “親密な” can sometimes be used in a broader sense to describe a close connection between entities or concepts, though this is less common. For example, one might speak of a “親密な関係” between two countries, implying strong diplomatic ties and mutual understanding.

**Grammar:**

“親密な” is a “na-adjective” (形容動詞, keiyōdōshi). This means:

  • When modifying a noun, it directly precedes the noun with the particle “な” (na). E.g., 親密な関係 (shinmitsuna kankei - an intimate relationship).
  • When used predicatively (at the end of a sentence to describe the subject), it takes the copula “だ” (da) or “です” (desu). E.g., 彼らは親密だ (Karera wa shinmitsu da - They are intimate).
  • When modifying a verb or another adjective, it uses the adverbial form “に” (ni). E.g., 親密に話す (shinmitsu ni hanasu - to talk intimately).

**Distinction from Similar Words:**

  • 近い (chikai - close/near): While “近い” can mean close in proximity or relationship, it doesn't carry the same emotional depth as “親密な.” You can be “近い” friends without necessarily being “親密な.”
  • 仲が良い (naka ga ii - get along well/on good terms): This phrase describes a harmonious relationship where people get along well. While often present in intimate relationships, “仲が良い” doesn't necessarily imply the same level of deep personal connection or sharing as “親密な.”

In essence, “親密な” emphasizes a profound and heartfelt bond, making it a powerful word to describe truly close connections.

Beispiele

1

親密な友人

Describes a close friendship.

Intimate friend

2

二人の間には親密な関係があった。

Refers to a close personal relationship, not necessarily romantic.

There was an intimate relationship between the two.

3

親密な雰囲気

Describes a cozy and familiar environment.

Intimate atmosphere

4

彼らは親密な会話を楽しんだ。

Refers to a deep and personal discussion.

They enjoyed an intimate conversation.

5

より親密な協力関係を築く。

Used in a more formal context to indicate strong collaboration.

To build a closer cooperative relationship.

Häufige Kollokationen

親密な関係
親密な友人
親密になる
親密な間柄

Wird oft verwechselt mit

親密な vs 懇意な

Both mean 'intimate' or 'close', but '懇意な' (koniina) often implies a relationship built on goodwill or familiarity over time, whereas '親密な' (shinmitsuna) emphasizes a deeper emotional closeness and personal bond.

親密な vs 睦まじい

Both describe close relationships, but '睦まじい' (mutsumajii) is more specifically used for harmonious and affectionate relationships, especially within a family or between couples, suggesting a peaceful and loving bond. '親密な' can apply more broadly to friends or even groups.

親密な vs 昵懇な

Both mean 'intimate' or 'close', but '昵懇な' (jinkonna) often suggests a familiar and informal closeness, sometimes with a nuance of being on very good terms, almost like old friends. '親密な' can be more about emotional depth.

Grammatikmuster

親密な関係 (shinmitsuna kankei): an intimate relationship 親密な友人 (shinmitsuna yuujin): a close friend 彼らは親密な間柄です (karera wa shinmitsuna aidagara desu): They have a close relationship.

So verwendest du es

When using '親密な' (shinmitsuna), it's important to understand that it describes a state of being very close or intimate. It can be used as an adjective (親密な関係 - shinmitsuna kankei - intimate relationship) or as an adverb with 'に' (親密に話す - shinmitsuni hanasu - to speak intimately). This word is generally reserved for relationships that have a significant emotional component and a history of shared experiences. It's stronger than simply 'friendly' or 'acquainted.' For example, you wouldn't typically describe a new acquaintance as '親密な.' It implies a level of comfort and understanding where individuals can be themselves without reservation. It can also describe the atmosphere or feeling of a place, suggesting a cozy or private setting.

Häufige Fehler

Users often confuse 親密な (shinmitsu na) with similar-sounding words like 親しい (shitashii), which also means close/familiar. While both imply closeness, 親密な often suggests a deeper, more intimate, or exclusive bond, sometimes even romantic. 親しい can be used for friends or colleagues you know well, but 親密な implies a higher degree of emotional or personal connection. Another common mistake is misusing the 'na' adjective ending; remember it functions like an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., 親密な関係 - intimate relationship) and doesn't stand alone as a verb or adverb.

Wortherkunft

Sino-Japanese word; from Middle Chinese 親 (tshen, “parent; intimate”) + 密 (mit, “dense; secret”). The 親 component has been in use since the 8th century (e.g. in the Man'yōshū), while the 密 component has been in use since the 12th century (e.g. in the Konjaku Monogatarishū). The specific compound 親密 appears to be a later coinage. The earliest attestation found to date for 親密 is from the 17th century, in Ihara Saikaku's Kōshoku Ichidai Otoko (1682).

Kultureller Kontext

The Japanese word '親密な' (shinmitsuna) conveys a sense of deep closeness, intimacy, and familiarity in relationships. In Japanese culture, the concept of '親密な' often implies a bond that has been cultivated over time, built on mutual trust, understanding, and shared experiences. Unlike more superficial connections, '親密な' relationships are characterized by emotional depth and a comfortable level of vulnerability. This can apply to various relationships, such as close friends, family members, or romantic partners. The development of '親密な' ties is often gradual, emphasizing sincerity and genuine connection. It’s a quality highly valued in personal interactions, reflecting a desire for strong, meaningful bonds.

Merkhilfe

Break down 親密な (shinmitsu na): 親 (oya) means parent, 密 (mitsu) means dense/secret, and な (na) is an adjective ending. Think of 'parent-like closeness' or 'dense with secrets shared between close people'.

Häufig gestellte Fragen

4 Fragen

The Japanese word for 'intimate' or 'having a close relationship' is '親密な' (shinmitsuna). This adjective is commonly used to describe a deep and personal connection between individuals, where there is a strong sense of trust, understanding, and emotional closeness. It can refer to various types of relationships, such as friendships, romantic partnerships, or even close family bonds. The nuance often implies a level of familiarity and comfort that goes beyond superficial acquaintances. When used to describe a relationship, it suggests that the individuals involved share a significant emotional investment and a history of shared experiences that have fostered a strong bond.

'親密な' (shinmitsuna) is an adjective, so it directly modifies a noun. For example, you could say '親密な関係' (shinmitsuna kankei) to mean 'an intimate relationship' or '親密な友人' (shinmitsuna yūjin) to mean 'a close friend.' It can also be used with verbs, often with particles like 'に' (ni) to describe something done intimately or closely, though its primary use is as an adjective. It conveys a feeling of warmth and closeness, indicating that the people involved share a deep and personal connection, often characterized by mutual understanding and trust. The word emphasizes the emotional depth and personal nature of the relationship.

Yes, there are several words that can be considered synonyms or have similar meanings to '親密な' (shinmitsuna), though their nuances might differ. For example, '親しい' (shitashii) also means 'close' or 'familiar' and is very frequently used, often interchangeably with '親密な' in many contexts, though '親密な' can sometimes imply a deeper, more emotional bond. '仲が良い' (naka ga ii) means 'to get along well' or 'to be on good terms' and describes a harmonious relationship. '懇意な' (kon'i na) implies being intimate or friendly, often used in a more formal or business context to describe a close working relationship. Each of these words emphasizes different aspects of closeness, ranging from general familiarity to deep emotional connection.

In Japanese culture, '親密な' (shinmitsuna) relationships are highly valued and often developed over time through shared experiences and mutual respect. While Japanese communication can sometimes be indirect, the establishment of '親密な' bonds signifies a deep level of trust and commitment. These relationships are often characterized by a strong sense of loyalty and a willingness to support one another. The concept of 'uchi-soto' (inside-outside) plays a role, where '親密な' relationships exist within the 'uchi' (inside) circle, implying a greater degree of openness and emotional expression compared to more formal 'soto' (outside) interactions. Building and maintaining these close relationships is considered an important aspect of social harmony and personal well-being in Japan.

Teste dich selbst

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彼女と私は___関係だ。

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
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私たちは___友人だ。

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
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彼らは___会話を楽しんだ。

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:

Ergebnis: /3

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