溶液 in 30 Sekunden
- A 溶液 (yōeki) is a uniform liquid mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent.
- Commonly used in chemistry, medicine, and industrial contexts to describe mixtures like salt water.
- Distinguished from 液体 (liquid) by being a mixture, and from 溶剤 (solvent) by being the final result.
- Key properties include concentration (濃度) and transparency, often used in formal or scientific settings.
The term 溶液 (ようえき - yōeki) is a fundamental scientific noun in Japanese that refers to a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. In this mixture, one substance (the solute or 溶質) is dissolved uniformly into another substance (the solvent or 溶媒). While the term can technically apply to gases and solids, in common Japanese usage and standard chemistry, it almost exclusively refers to the liquid state. Understanding 溶液 is essential for anyone studying science, medicine, or even culinary arts in Japan, as it describes everything from simple salt water to complex chemical reagents used in high-tech manufacturing.
- Chemical Definition
- A liquid phase containing more than one substance, where the molecules or ions are dispersed at the molecular level.
- Solvent (溶媒)
- The substance that does the dissolving, typically present in the largest amount (often water).
- Solute (溶質)
- The substance that is dissolved within the solvent.
「この試験管の中の溶液を静かに混ぜてください。」 (Please stir the solution in this test tube gently.)
In a broader context, 溶液 is the umbrella term. If the solvent is specifically water, it is frequently called a 水溶液 (すいようえき). This distinction is vital in Japanese academic settings. For example, a sugar solution is a 溶液, but specifically, it is a 砂糖の水溶液. The concept of 溶液 also implies stability; unlike a suspension (where particles might settle over time), a true 溶液 remains uniform indefinitely unless the temperature or pressure changes significantly.
「食塩を水に溶かすと、透明な溶液になります。」 (When you dissolve salt in water, it becomes a transparent solution.)
Furthermore, the concentration of a 溶液 is a key topic in Japanese JLPT N1-N2 level reading passages related to science. You will encounter terms like 濃度 (concentration), 飽和 (saturation), and 希釈 (dilution). A 'saturated solution' is 飽和溶液, while a 'diluted solution' is 希釈溶液. These terms are used not just in labs, but also in industrial safety manuals and pharmaceutical instructions.
「コンタクトレンズ用の溶液を買い忘れました。」 (I forgot to buy the contact lens solution.)
- Aqueous Solution
- 水溶液 (Suiyōeki) - Water-based.
- Organic Solution
- 有機溶液 (Yūki yōeki) - Carbon-based solvent.
「実験では、アルカリ性の溶液を使用します。」 (In the experiment, we use an alkaline solution.)
「この溶液は非常に不安定です。」 (This solution is extremely unstable.)
- Standard Solution
- 標準溶液 (Hyōjun yōeki) - Used for titration.
- Colloidal Solution
- コロイド溶液 (Koroido yōeki) - Particles are larger than molecules.
Using 溶液 correctly requires understanding its role as a noun and how it interacts with specific verbs. In Japanese, you don't just 'make' a solution; you usually 'prepare' (調製する - chōsei suru) or 'create' (作る - tsukuru) it. Because it is a formal and scientific word, it is often paired with formal verbs in textbooks and professional settings.
Common Verb Pairings
- 溶液を作る (Yōeki o tsukuru): To make a solution (General/Casual).
- 溶液を調製する (Yōeki o chōsei suru): To prepare a solution (Technical/Lab).
- 溶液に溶かす (Yōeki ni tokasu): To dissolve something into a solution.
- 溶液を薄める (Yōeki o usumeru): To dilute a solution.
- 溶液が濁る (Yōeki ga nigoru): The solution becomes cloudy.
When describing the properties of a solution, you use adjectives like 濃い (koi - concentrated/strong) or 薄い (usui - dilute/weak). However, in scientific contexts, it is better to use nouns like 濃度 (nōdo - concentration). For example, 'A high-concentration solution' is 高濃度の溶液 (kō-nōdo no yōeki).
「A液とB液を混ぜて、新しい溶液を作ります。」
Mix liquid A and liquid B to create a new solution.
Grammatically, 溶液 functions like any other noun. It can be the subject (溶液が...), the object (溶液を...), or a modifier (溶液の...). One common mistake is using 溶液 when you simply mean 'liquid' (液体). Remember: a 溶液 must have something dissolved in it. Water by itself is 液体, but salt water is 溶液.
In academic writing, you will often see 溶液 followed by particles like を用いて (using...) or により (by means of...). This elevates the register of the sentence. For example: 「この溶液を用いて、タンパク質の変性を観察する」(Using this solution, we observe the denaturation of proteins).
The word 溶液 is ubiquitous in specific environments. While you might not use it every day while buying groceries, you will certainly encounter it in the following four major areas of Japanese life.
1. Science Classrooms and Research Labs
From junior high school (中学校) science experiments to university research, 溶液 is the standard term. Teachers will say, 「溶液の色が変わるまで待ってください」(Wait until the color of the solution changes). Lab manuals are filled with instructions on how to handle 溶液 safely, especially corrosive ones.
2. Medical and Pharmaceutical Settings
Pharmacists and doctors use this term when discussing liquid medications. If you buy eye drops or contact lens care products, the back of the box will often list the contents as a 'sterile solution' (滅菌溶液 - mekkin yōeki). In hospitals, disinfectants are referred to as 消毒溶液 (shōdoku yōeki).
3. Industrial and Manufacturing Plants
In factories that produce semiconductors, textiles, or food products, chemical solutions are used for etching, dyeing, or cleaning. Safety signs might warn: 「溶液の飛散に注意」(Beware of solution splashing). Here, the term is vital for workplace safety (労働安全).
4. News and Environmental Reports
When reporting on pollution or chemical spills, news anchors will use 溶液 to describe the substances involved. For instance, 「有害な溶液が川に流れ出しました」(A harmful solution leaked into the river). It sounds more precise and professional than just saying 'liquid'.
TV News Script: 「工場から高濃度のアルカリ溶液が漏洩した疑いがあります。」
(There is a suspicion that a high-concentration alkaline solution leaked from the factory.)
Even advanced learners of Japanese sometimes stumble when using 溶液. Here are the most frequent errors and how to avoid them.
1. Confusing 溶液 with 液体 (Ekityai)
This is the most common mistake. 液体 means 'liquid' (a state of matter). 溶液 means 'solution' (a mixture).
❌ 「コップに溶液（液体）を注ぐ」 (Pouring 'solution' into a glass when you just mean water).
✅ 「食塩水の溶液を準備する」 (Prepare the salt water solution).
2. Misusing 溶剤 (Yōzai)
溶剤 means 'solvent' or 'thinner' (like paint thinner). It is the substance used to dissolve something else. 溶液 is the result of that dissolution. If you are cleaning a brush, you use a 溶剤. If you have a mixture of chemical A in water, that mixture is a 溶液.
3. Incorrect Particle Usage
When saying 'dissolve in a solution', learners often use the wrong particle.
❌ 「溶液を溶かす」 (This means 'to dissolve the solution itself' - usually impossible).
✅ 「溶液に溶かす」 (To dissolve [something] into the solution).
✅ 「物質を溶かして溶液を作る」 (Dissolve a substance to make a solution).
4. Overusing it in Casual Speech
溶液 is a stiff, academic word. If you are talking about soup or juice, never use 溶液. It makes you sound like a robot or a mad scientist. Use 汁 (shiru), スープ (sūpu), or just the name of the drink.
To truly master 溶液, you must understand its 'family' of related scientific terms. Japanese is very specific about these distinctions.
- 水溶液 (Suiyōeki)
- Specifically an aqueous solution (where the solvent is water). This is the most common type of 溶液 encountered in school.
- 液体 (Ekitai)
- Liquid. A general term for the state of matter. All 溶液 are 液体, but not all 液体 are 溶液 (e.g., pure mercury is a liquid but not a solution).
- 溶媒 (Yōbai)
- Solvent. The liquid that dissolves the solute. In salt water, water is the 溶媒.
- 溶質 (Yōshitsu)
- Solute. The substance being dissolved. In salt water, salt is the 溶質.
- 懸濁液 (Kendaku-eki)
- Suspension. A mixture where particles are visible and will eventually settle (like muddy water). Unlike a 溶液, it is not molecularly uniform.
- 混合物 (Kongōbutsu)
- Mixture. A broad term for any combination of substances. A 溶液 is a specific type of mixture.
When choosing between these, ask yourself: Is it a mixture? (Yes -> 溶液). Is it specifically in water? (Yes -> 水溶液). Am I talking about the stuff doing the dissolving? (Yes -> 溶媒). This logical path will ensure you use the correct Japanese term every time.
How Formal Is It?
Schwierigkeitsgrad
Wichtige Grammatik
Noun + に + 溶かす
Noun + を + 調製する
Noun + の + 濃度
Noun + が + 飽和する
Noun + を + 希釈する
Beispiele nach Niveau
これは塩の溶液です。
This is a salt solution.
Simple A is B structure (Noun + です).
溶液は青色です。
The solution is blue.
Describing the color of the subject.
溶液を作ります。
I will make a solution.
Verb 'to make' (作る) with object marker を.
この溶液は水です。
This solution is water.
Identifying the substance.
溶液を見てください。
Please look at the solution.
Polite command (～てください).
溶液がこぼれました。
The solution spilled.
Intransitive verb (こぼれる) with subject marker が.
きれいな溶液ですね。
It's a beautiful solution, isn't it?
Adjective + Noun + sentence ending particle ね.
溶液はどこですか？
Where is the solution?
Asking for location.
砂糖を水に入れて、溶液を作りました。
I put sugar in water and made a solution.
Connecting two actions with the -te form.
この溶液は少し甘いです。
This solution is a little sweet.
Using an adverb (少し) to modify an adjective.
溶液を試験管に入れてください。
Please put the solution into the test tube.
Directional particle に.
溶液を混ぜると色が変わります。
If you mix the solution, the color changes.
Conditional 'to' (～と) indicating a natural result.
熱い溶液に注意してください。
Please be careful with the hot solution.
Adjective modifying a noun + 'be careful' (注意する).
溶液を半分に分けましょう。
Let's divide the solution in half.
Volitional form (～ましょう).
この溶液は透明ではありません。
This solution is not transparent.
Negative form of a na-adjective.
溶液の作り方を習いました。
I learned how to make the solution.
Noun + 方 (way of doing something).
溶液の濃度を測る必要があります。
It is necessary to measure the concentration of the solution.
Noun + を測る + 必要がある (need to measure).
溶液が飽和状態に達しました。
The solution has reached a state of saturation.
Technical term 飽和状態 (saturation state).
この溶液は酸性ですか、アルカリ性ですか？
Is this solution acidic or alkaline?
Asking for a choice between two properties.
溶液をろ過して不純物を取り除きます。
Filter the solution to remove impurities.
Using -te form for a sequence of technical steps.
コンタクトレンズの溶液を切らしてしまった。
I've run out of contact lens solution.
Regretful completion (～てしまう).
溶液を一定の温度に保ってください。
Please keep the solution at a constant temperature.
Adverbial use of 一定 (constant).
この溶液は薬品と反応しやすいです。
This solution reacts easily with chemicals.
Verb stem + やすい (easy to...).
溶液を希釈するために水を加えました。
I added water to dilute the solution.
～ために (in order to).
溶液中の溶質が均一に分散していることを確認した。
Confirmed that the solute in the solution is uniformly dispersed.
Formal verb 確認した (confirmed) and 均一に (uniformly).
この溶液は光に当たると分解される性質がある。
This solution has the property of decomposing when exposed to light.
Passive voice (分解される) and 性質がある (has the property).
溶液のpH値を正確に調整しなければならない。
The pH value of the solution must be adjusted accurately.
Must do (～なければならない).
実験の結果、溶液の沈殿物が増加した。
As a result of the experiment, the precipitate in the solution increased.
Compound noun 沈殿物 (precipitate).
特定の溶液を用いることで、反応速度を制御できる。
By using a specific solution, the reaction rate can be controlled.
～を用いることで (by using...).
溶液の蒸発を防ぐために、蓋をしっかり閉めてください。
Close the lid tightly to prevent evaporation of the solution.
Preventing an action (～を防ぐ).
この溶液は皮膚に触れると危険です。
This solution is dangerous if it touches the skin.
Conditional 'to' for danger warnings.
未知の溶液の成分を分析する装置を導入した。
We introduced a device to analyze the components of an unknown solution.
Modifying a noun with a complex phrase.
溶液のモル濃度を算出する式を導き出した。
Derived the formula for calculating the molar concentration of the solution.
Highly technical vocabulary (モル濃度, 算出, 導き出す).
電解質溶液におけるイオンの移動度を測定した。
Measured the mobility of ions in an electrolyte solution.
Specific scientific context (電解質, 移動度).
溶液の表面張力が実験データに及ぼす影響を考察する。
Consider the influence that the surface tension of the solution has on the experimental data.
～に及ぼす影響 (influence exerted on...).
緩衝溶液の作用により、pHの急激な変化が抑制された。
Due to the action of the buffer solution, rapid changes in pH were suppressed.
Cause and effect with ～により and passive 抑制された.
溶液の粘性が温度上昇に伴って低下することが判明した。
It was found that the viscosity of the solution decreases as the temperature rises.
～に伴って (along with/as...).
過飽和溶液から結晶が析出するプロセスを観察した。
Observed the process of crystals precipitating from a supersaturated solution.
Complex process description (過飽和, 析出).
溶液の化学的安定性を高めるための添加剤を検討している。
We are considering additives to increase the chemical stability of the solution.
Continuous action (検討している).
非水溶液中での酸化還元反応の挙動を詳しく調査した。
Investigated the behavior of redox reactions in non-aqueous solutions in detail.
Formal academic reporting style.
溶液論の観点から、溶媒和エネルギーの寄与を定量化した。
Quantified the contribution of solvation energy from the perspective of solution theory.
Theoretical terminology (溶液論, 溶媒和, 定量化).
コロイド溶液のチンダル現象を利用した光学的な分析手法を確立した。
Established an optical analysis method utilizing the Tyndall effect of colloidal solutions.
Specific scientific phenomena (チンダル現象).
高分子溶液の流動特性における非ニュートン性の発現を論じる。
Discuss the manifestation of non-Newtonian properties in the flow characteristics of polymer solutions.
Academic discussion (論じる).
溶液の蒸気圧降下とラウールの法則の整合性を検証する。
Verify the consistency between the vapor pressure lowering of the solution and Raoult's law.
Scientific law verification.
極限希釈溶液における溶質分子間の相互作用を無視できると仮定する。
Assume that interactions between solute molecules in infinitely dilute solutions can be ignored.
Hypothetical scientific assumption (仮定する).
溶液の凝固点降下を利用して、未知試料の分子量を決定した。
Determined the molecular weight of an unknown sample using the freezing point depression of the solution.
Practical application of physical chemistry.
多成分系溶液における相平衡の熱力学的記述を試みた。
Attempted a thermodynamic description of phase equilibrium in multi-component solutions.
Attempting a complex task (～を試みた).
溶液の導電率測定により、電解質の解離度を精密に評価した。
Precisely evaluated the degree of dissociation of the electrolyte by measuring the conductivity of the solution.
Precise evaluation (精密に評価した).
Synonyme
Gegenteile
Häufige Kollokationen
Häufige Phrasen
Wird oft verwechselt mit
Redewendungen & Ausdrücke
Leicht verwechselbar
Satzmuster
Wortfamilie
Verwandt
So verwendest du es
Used for specific products like eye care.
Used strictly for molecular mixtures.
Rarely used metaphorically in Japanese.
- Using 溶液 for pure water.
- Confusing 溶媒 (solvent) with 溶液 (solution).
- Pronouncing it as 'yoeki' instead of 'yōeki'.
- Using it in a restaurant context.
- Writing the kanji 溶 with the wrong right-hand side.
Tipps
Radical Check
Both kanji have the 'water' radical (氵). This tells you immediately it involves liquid.
The Big Three
Memorize 溶質 (solute), 溶媒 (solvent), and 溶液 (solution) together as a set.
Particle Choice
Always use 'ni' (に) when adding something to a solution: 溶液に足す.
Long Vowel
Don't forget the 'u' in 'yōeki' (ようえき). It's not 'yoeki'.
Formal Reports
Use 調製 (chōsei) instead of 作る (tsukuru) in lab reports.
Context Clues
If you hear 'Rika' (Science), expect to hear 'yōeki'.
School Days
Japanese kids learn this in 5th grade science. It's a very 'school' word.
Compound Words
Look for 溶液 at the end of long words like 硫酸銅溶液 (copper sulfate solution).
Transparency
A true 溶液 is usually transparent. If it's cloudy, it might be a 懸濁液.
Warning Signs
If you see 溶液 on a sign, don't touch the liquid!
Einprägen
Wortherkunft
Sino-Japanese compound used to translate Western chemical concepts during the Meiji era.
Kultureller Kontext
Found on MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheets) in Japanese workplaces.
Used in the context of 'Kampo' (traditional medicine) liquid extracts.
A core part of the 'Rika' (Science) curriculum.
Im Alltag üben
Kontexte aus dem Alltag
Gesprächseinstiege
"この溶液の濃度はどれくらいですか？"
"溶液を混ぜても大丈夫ですか？"
"新しい溶液を準備しましょうか？"
"溶液が服につかないように気をつけてください。"
"この溶液は何に使いますか？"
Tagebuch-Impulse
今日、理科の授業で溶液について学びました。
実験で使った溶液の色がとてもきれいでした。
コンタクトレンズの溶液を買いに行かなければなりません。
高濃度の溶液を扱うときは緊張します。
溶液の不思議について考えてみました。
Häufig gestellte Fragen
10 Fragen液体 refers to any liquid state of matter, like water or oil. 溶液 is a specific type of liquid where a substance is dissolved in a solvent.
Technically yes, but it sounds very strange. In daily life, call it コーヒー. Use 溶液 for science or medicine.
No. If it is water-based, it's a 水溶液. If it uses alcohol, it's an アルコール溶液.
You say 溶液を薄める (yōeki o usumeru) or 溶液を希釈する (yōeki o kishaku suru).
It is called 飽和溶液 (hōwa yōeki).
No, that would sound like you are in a chemistry lab. Use スープ or 汁.
溶 (dissolve) and 液 (liquid).
コンタクトレンズ（用）の溶液 or 洗浄液.
Yes, it appears in N3-N1 level reading passages related to science and nature.
In advanced chemistry, yes (gas solution), but in Japanese, it almost always refers to a liquid.
Teste dich selbst 180 Fragen
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
溶液 is the formal Japanese term for a 'solution'. Use it when describing chemical mixtures or professional liquid products. Remember the formula: Solute (溶質) + Solvent (溶媒) = Solution (溶液).
- A 溶液 (yōeki) is a uniform liquid mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent.
- Commonly used in chemistry, medicine, and industrial contexts to describe mixtures like salt water.
- Distinguished from 液体 (liquid) by being a mixture, and from 溶剤 (solvent) by being the final result.
- Key properties include concentration (濃度) and transparency, often used in formal or scientific settings.
Radical Check
Both kanji have the 'water' radical (氵). This tells you immediately it involves liquid.
The Big Three
Memorize 溶質 (solute), 溶媒 (solvent), and 溶液 (solution) together as a set.
Particle Choice
Always use 'ni' (に) when adding something to a solution: 溶液に足す.
Long Vowel
Don't forget the 'u' in 'yōeki' (ようえき). It's not 'yoeki'.
Beispiel
塩の溶液です。
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