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A1 verb #3,000 am häufigsten 5 Min. Lesezeit

泊まる

At the A1 level, '泊まる' (tomaru) is one of the first verbs you learn for travel. You use it to say where you are sleeping during a trip. The grammar is simple: [Place] に 泊まります. For example, 'Hoteru ni tomarimasu' (I stay at a hotel). You don't need complex conjugations yet; just focus on the polite form 'tomarimasu' and the past form 'tomarimashita'. It helps you answer basic questions like 'Where are you staying?' during your first trips to Japan. You should also learn the question 'Doko ni tomarimasu ka?' (Where will you stay?).
At the A2 level, you begin to use '泊まる' with more variety. You might use the 'tai' form to express desire: 'Ryokan ni tomaritai desu' (I want to stay at a ryokan). You also start using counters like 'ippaku' (one night) or 'nihaku' (two nights) to describe your itinerary. You can combine it with reasons, such as 'Ryoko de Kyoto ni tomarimasu' (I will stay in Kyoto for a trip). You also learn the difference between 'tomaru' and its transitive counterpart 'tomeru' (to let someone stay), which is useful when talking about visiting friends.
At the B1 level, you use '泊まる' in more complex sentence structures, such as 'tomaru yotei desu' (plan to stay) or 'tomaru koto ni shimashita' (decided to stay). You become comfortable with the casual form 'tomaru' in conversations with friends. You also start to recognize the noun form 'tomari' in compounds like 'tomarigake' (an overnight trip). You can explain nuances, like why you chose a specific hotel to stay at, using connectors like 'node' or 'kara'. You also begin to see the formal version 'shukuhaku suru' in reading materials.
At the B2 level, you use '泊まる' to discuss more abstract or specific scenarios. You might talk about 'tomarikomu' (staying overnight to work) or use the verb in the passive or causative forms in storytelling. You understand the subtle difference between 'tomaru' and 'taizai suru' (to sojourn/stay for a period), choosing the latter for more formal or long-term contexts. You can handle situations at a hotel front desk with ease, understanding the honorific language (keigo) used by staff, such as 'go-shukuhaku' (your stay).
At the C1 level, '泊まる' is used with high precision in various registers. You might encounter it in literature to describe a character's journey or in legal/business documents regarding 'shukuhaku-gyo' (the hotel industry). You understand idiomatic uses and the historical development of the kanji. You can discuss the socio-economic impact of 'minpaku' (private lodging/Airbnb) using related vocabulary. Your use of the verb is natural, and you can switch between 'tomaru' and its more academic synonyms depending on the audience.
At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of '泊まる'. You can appreciate the poetic nuances of the word in classical-style Japanese or high-level literature, where it might imply a temporary rest in the journey of life. You are aware of rare technical terms related to lodging and can debate complex topics like lodging laws or the cultural evolution of 'shukuhaku' culture in Japan from the Edo period to the present. You use the word and its derivatives with the same nuance and frequency as a highly educated native speaker.
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泊まる in 30 Sekunden

  • 泊まる (tomaru) means to stay overnight at a place like a hotel or a friend's house.
  • It is an intransitive verb and usually takes the particle 'ni' for the location.
  • Commonly used with counters like 'ippaku' (one night) and 'nihaku' (two nights).
  • Do not confuse it with 止まる (to stop) or 住む (to live permanently).

The Japanese verb 泊まる (tomaru) is a fundamental intransitive verb primarily used to describe the act of staying overnight at a location that is not one's permanent residence. While the English word 'stay' can be broad, 泊まる specifically implies sleeping through the night. It is most commonly associated with commercial accommodations like hotels, ryokans (traditional Japanese inns), or guest houses, but it is equally applicable when staying over at a friend's or relative's home.

Core Concept
The essence of 泊まる is the transition from one day to the next in a temporary location. It focuses on the lodging aspect rather than just 'spending time' (sugosu) or 'visiting' (tazuneru).
Kanji Breakdown
The kanji 泊 consists of the 'water' radical (氵) and 'white' (白). Historically, it suggests a boat coming to rest at a shore, which evolved into the meaning of a person stopping for the night at an inn.

「今夜は京都の古い旅館に泊まります。」

(Konya wa Kyoto no furui ryokan ni tomarimasu.) — I will stay at an old Japanese inn in Kyoto tonight.

Understanding the particle usage is crucial. We use the particle に (ni) to indicate the destination or the place where the 'staying' occurs. Unlike 'stay' in English which can take 'at' or 'in', in Japanese, the target of the stay is almost always marked by に.

「友達の家に三日間泊まった。」

(Tomodachi no ie ni mikkakan tomatta.) — I stayed at my friend's house for three days.

Grammatical Category
It is a Group 1 (U-verb / Godan verb). The dictionary form ends in 'ru', and it conjugates to 'tomarimasu' (polite) and 'tomaranai' (negative).

「安くて綺麗なホテルに泊まりたいです。」

(Yasukute kirei na hoteru ni tomaritai desu.) — I want to stay in a cheap and clean hotel.

「一晩だけ泊まる予定です。」

(Hitoban dake tomaru yotei desu.) — I plan to stay for only one night.

Using 泊まる (tomaru) correctly requires attention to conjugation and particle choice. As a Godan verb, its stem is 泊まり (tomari). In everyday conversation, you will most frequently encounter the polite form 泊まります (tomarimasu) or the past tense 泊まりました (tomarimashita).

1. The Particle 'Ni' (に)

The most common mistake for English speakers is using 'de' (at) for the location. While 'de' is used for actions, 泊まる is considered a verb of existence/state in a specific location for a duration, thus [Place] に 泊まる is the standard pattern.

  • ホテルに泊まる (Stay at a hotel)
  • 旅館に泊まる (Stay at a ryokan)
  • 実家に泊まる (Stay at one's parents' house)

2. Counting Nights

To specify how many nights you are staying, use the counter 〜泊 (haku/paku). Note the phonetic changes:

1 Night: 一泊 (ippaku)
2 Nights: 二泊 (nihaku)
3 Nights: 三泊 (sanpaku)
How many nights?: 何泊 (nanpaku)

3. Compound Forms

泊まる is often combined with other verbs or used in specific structures:

  • 泊まりがけ (tomarigake): An overnight trip. Example: 泊まりがけでスキーに行く (Go skiing overnight).
  • 泊まり込む (tomarikomu): To stay overnight at a place to do something (like work or protest).

「今夜はどこに泊まるつもりですか？」

(Konya wa doko ni tomaru tsumori desu ka?) — Where do you intend to stay tonight?

You will encounter 泊まる (tomaru) in various social and professional settings in Japan. It is a 'high-frequency' word because travel and hospitality are central to Japanese culture.

1. At Travel Agencies and Booking Sites

When booking a room, you'll see phrases like 「宿泊プラン」 (shukuhaku puran - lodging plan), where 宿 (shuku) and 泊 (haku) are the kanji components. Staff will ask: 「何名様でご宿泊ですか？」 (How many people will be staying?).

2. Social Conversations

Friends often discuss their travel plans using this verb. It’s a standard question when someone mentions a trip: 「どこに泊まったの？」 (Where did you stay?).

3. At the Front Desk

Upon arrival, the receptionist might say: 「本日ご宿泊の〇〇様ですね。」 (You are Mr./Ms. XX, staying with us today, correct?). Note that in formal settings, the humble/honorific version 宿泊する (shukuhaku suru) is often preferred over the simple 泊まる.

「出張で大阪のビジネスホテルに泊まりました。」

(Shutchou de Osaka no bijinesu hoteru ni tomarimashita.) — I stayed at a business hotel in Osaka for a business trip.

4. Anime and Drama Contexts

A common trope is the 'overnight stay' at a friend's house (otamarikai). Characters might ask: 「今日、うちに泊まっていく？」 (Do you want to stay over at my place today?).

Even though 泊まる (tomaru) seems simple, learners often trip over homophones and particle nuances.

1. The 'Tomaru' Homophone Trap

Japanese has several verbs pronounced 'tomaru'. The two most common are:

  • 止まる: To stop (movement). Example: 車が止まる (The car stops).
  • 泊まる: To stay overnight.

If you write in Hiragana, the context usually clarifies the meaning, but in Kanji, using 止まる when you mean 'staying at a hotel' is a major error.

2. Confusion with 'Sumu' (住む)

Learners sometimes use 住む (sumu) to mean stay. 住む means to reside permanently or for a long term (like an apartment). If you are at a hotel for a week, you are 泊まっている, not 住んでいる.

3. Particle Error: 'De' vs 'Ni'

As mentioned before, saying 「ホテルで泊まる」 is technically unnatural in most contexts. Use 「ホテルに泊まる」. The particle に marks the point of arrival and remaining.

4. Intransitive vs Transitive

泊まる is intransitive (you stay). The transitive version is 泊める (tomeru), which means 'to let someone stay' or 'to lodge someone'.
Correct: 友達を家に泊める (I let my friend stay at my house).

While 泊まる (tomaru) is the go-to word, several synonyms offer more specific nuances.

宿泊する (Shukuhaku suru)
A more formal, Sino-Japanese (Kango) version of 泊まる. Used in business, formal writing, and by hotel staff. It sounds more professional.
滞在する (Taizai suru)
To stay or sojourn. This focuses on the entire duration of the stay, not just the sleeping part. It is often used for overseas stays or long-term visits. Example: パリに二週間滞在する (Stay in Paris for two weeks).
宿をとる (Yado o toru)
Literally 'to take an inn'. It means to find or book a place to stay for the night.
泊まり込む (Tomarikomu)
To stay overnight at a place specifically to complete a task, like staying at the office to finish a project.

Choosing between these depends on the register (formal vs. casual) and the duration of the stay.

How Formal Is It?

Formell

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Schwierigkeitsgrad

Wichtige Grammatik

Beispiele nach Niveau

1

ホテルに泊まります。

I will stay at a hotel.

Basic [Place] に 泊まります structure.

2

どこに泊まりますか？

Where will you stay?

Question form using 'doko' (where).

3

友達の家に泊まりました。

I stayed at my friend's house.

Past tense 'tomarimashita'.

4

旅館に泊まりたいです。

I want to stay at a Japanese inn.

Desire form '~tai'.

5

一晩泊まります。

I will stay for one night.

Using 'hitoban' (one night) as a duration.

6

安く泊まりたいです。

I want to stay cheaply.

Adverbial use of 'yasui' (cheap).

7

ここに泊まってもいいですか？

May I stay here?

Asking permission with '~te mo ii desu ka'.

8

北海道に泊まりました。

I stayed in Hokkaido.

Using a large region with 'ni'.

1

二泊三日で旅行に行きます。

I'm going on a 3-day, 2-night trip.

Standard 'nights and days' counter.

2

有名なホテルに泊まる予定です。

I plan to stay at a famous hotel.

Expressing plans with 'yotei'.

3

泊まる場所がありません。

I have no place to stay.

Using 'tomaru' as an adjective for 'basho' (place).

4

昨日は親戚の家に泊まった。

Yesterday, I stayed at a relative's house.

Casual past tense 'tomatta'.

5

予約したホテルに泊まります。

I will stay at the hotel I booked.

Relative clause 'yoyaku shita' modifying 'hoteru'.

6

一人で泊まるのは初めてです。

It's my first time staying alone.

Nominalizing the verb with 'no'.

7

泊まる前に電話をしてください。

Please call before you stay.

Using 'mae ni' (before).

8

温泉がある旅館に泊まりました。

I stayed at a ryokan with a hot spring.

Describing the facility before 'ryokan'.

1

泊まるなら、駅の近くがいいですよ。

If you're going to stay, near the station is good.

Conditional 'nara'.

2

急に泊まることになりました。

It was suddenly decided that I would stay over.

'Koto ni naru' for decisions made by circumstances.

3

泊まりがけで山登りに行きます。

I'm going mountain climbing overnight.

Noun compound 'tomarigake'.

4

そのホテルは安く泊まれるので人気です。

That hotel is popular because you can stay there cheaply.

Potential form 'tomareru'.

5

友達を自分の部屋に泊めました。

I let my friend stay in my room.

Transitive form 'tomeru'.

6

泊まるたびに、サービスが良くなります。

Every time I stay, the service gets better.

Using 'tabi ni' (every time).

7

どこに泊まっても、朝食は食べます。

No matter where I stay, I eat breakfast.

'Doko ni tomaru te mo' (no matter where).

8

泊まるはずだったホテルが満室でした。

The hotel I was supposed to stay at was full.

'Hazu datta' (was supposed to).

1

仕事が忙しくて、会社に泊まり込んだ。

I was so busy with work that I stayed overnight at the office.

Compound verb 'tomarikomu'.

2

この旅館に泊まる価値は十分にあります。

It is well worth staying at this ryokan.

Noun 'kachi' (worth/value).

3

泊まる人数によって料金が変わります。

The price changes depending on the number of people staying.

'Yotte' (depending on).

4

彼は一晩中、車の中に泊まっていたようだ。

It seems he stayed in his car all night.

Expressing appearance with 'you da'.

5

泊まる場所を確保するのが大変だった。

It was difficult to secure a place to stay.

Verb 'kakuho suru' (to secure).

6

民宿に泊まることで、地元の文化に触れられた。

By staying at a guesthouse, I was able to experience the local culture.

Instrumental 'koto de' (by doing).

7

泊まる予定のホテルがキャンセルされた。

The hotel I planned to stay at was canceled.

Passive voice 'kyanseru sareta'.

8

せっかく京都に来たのだから、いい宿に泊まりたい。

Since I've come all the way to Kyoto, I want to stay at a nice inn.

'Sekkaku... no dakara' (since... specially).

1

宿泊施設の不足が深刻な問題となっている。

The shortage of lodging facilities has become a serious problem.

Formal compound 'shukuhaku shisetsu'.

2

寺に泊まって修行を体験する「宿坊」が人気だ。

'Shukubo', where you stay at a temple and experience training, is popular.

Specific cultural term 'shukubo'.

3

彼は放浪の末、知人の家を転々と泊まり歩いた。

After wandering, he stayed at various acquaintances' houses one after another.

Compound verb 'tomari-aruiku'.

4

泊まるという行為そのものが旅の目的になることもある。

The act of staying itself can sometimes be the purpose of a trip.

Abstract nominalization 'koui sono mono'.

5

無断で他人の家に泊まるのは法律に触れる可能性がある。

Staying at someone else's house without permission may break the law.

Formal 'houritsu ni fureru'.

6

一泊二食付きのプランが最も一般的です。

A plan with one night and two meals is the most common.

Standard industry terminology.

7

災害時には避難所に泊まらざるを得ない状況になる。

In times of disaster, people are forced to stay in shelters.

'Zaru o enai' (cannot help but/forced to).

8

古民家に泊まることで、日本の伝統的な暮らしを再発見した。

By staying in an old folk house, I rediscovered traditional Japanese living.

Complex sentence structure.

1

宿を貸す側と泊まる側の信頼関係が不可欠だ。

A relationship of trust between the host and the guest is indispensable.

Abstract social relationship description.

2

万葉集には、旅先で泊まる寂しさを詠んだ歌が多い。

In the Manyoshu, there are many poems about the loneliness of staying overnight while traveling.

Literary and historical context.

3

宿泊税の導入を巡って、自治体と業者が対立している。

Municipalities and businesses are in conflict over the introduction of a lodging tax.

Political/Economic context 'o megutte'.

4

仮に野宿することになっても、泊まる場所がないよりはましだ。

Even if I end up sleeping outdoors, it's better than having nowhere to stay.

Hypothetical 'kari ni'.

5

近代化に伴い、日本人の「泊まる」という感覚も変容してきた。

With modernization, the Japanese sense of 'staying overnight' has also transformed.

Sociological analysis.

6

彼はかつて文豪たちが泊まったという由緒ある部屋を予約した。

He booked a historic room where great literary figures once stayed.

Relative clause with 'yuisho aru'.

7

泊まる場所を転々と変えるノマド的な生活を送っている。

He leads a nomadic life, constantly changing where he stays.

Describing a lifestyle.

8

如何なる状況下においても、泊まる場所の安全は保障されるべきだ。

Under any circumstances, the safety of the place where one stays should be guaranteed.

Formal 'ikanaru... ni oite mo'.

Häufige Kollokationen

ホテルに泊まる
旅館に泊まる
友達の家に泊まる
一泊する
安く泊まる
泊まる場所
泊まる予定
実家に泊まる
キャンプ場に泊まる
ビジネスホテルに泊まる

Häufige Phrasen

どこに泊まりますか？

うちに泊まっていきなよ。

泊まりがけの旅行

二泊三日

予約して泊まる

一晩だけ泊まる

無料で泊まる

泊まるのをやめる

一緒に泊まる

初めて泊まる

Wird oft verwechselt mit

泊まる vs 止まる

泊まる vs 住む

泊まる vs 滞在する

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

""

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Leicht verwechselbar

泊まる vs

泊まる vs

泊まる vs

泊まる vs

泊まる vs

Satzmuster

So verwendest du es

duration

Usually implies at least one night.

location

Can be a building, a vehicle (if sleeping), or a region.

Häufige Fehler
  • Using 'de' instead of 'ni'.
  • Confusing 泊まる with 止まる in writing.
  • Using 'sumu' for a 3-day hotel stay.
  • Forgetting the phonetic change in 'ippaku' (1 night).
  • Using 'tomaru' for just visiting without sleeping.

Tipps

Particle Choice

Always pair 泊まる with に. It marks the destination of your stay.

Nights Counter

Learn 1-3 nights: ippaku, nihaku, sanpaku. They are very common.

Asking Permission

Use 'Tomatte mo ii desu ka?' when asking to stay at a friend's house.

Kanji Recognition

Look for the 'water' radical in 泊 to remember it's like a boat at shore.

Business Context

Use 'shukuhaku' when writing emails to hotels or travel agents.

Intonation

Keep the pitch flat (Heiban) for both 泊まる and 止まる.

Ryokan Etiquette

When you say you are staying at a ryokan, people assume you are eating there too.

Compound Verbs

Try using 'tomari-ni-iku' (go to stay) for natural phrasing.

Context Clues

If you hear 'hoteru', 'ryokan', or 'ie', it's almost certainly 泊まる.

Daily Practice

Describe your last trip using 'tomarimashita' and the counter 'haku'.

Einprägen

Wortherkunft

Old Japanese

Kultureller Kontext

Traditional Japanese inn experience.

Airbnb-style private lodging laws.

Staying at a Buddhist temple.

Unique Japanese overnight stay option.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Gesprächseinstiege

"旅行の時、どんなホテルに泊まりますか？"

"友達の家に泊まったことがありますか？"

"京都で泊まるなら、どこがおすすめですか？"

"キャンプでテントに泊まるのは好きですか？"

"今までで一番良かった泊まる場所はどこですか？"

Tagebuch-Impulse

先週、どこに泊まりましたか？

理想の旅館に泊まるなら、何をしたいですか？

一人で泊まるのと、友達と泊まるの、どちらが好きですか？

泊まる場所を選ぶ時、一番大切なことは何ですか？

もし宇宙のホテルに泊まれるなら、泊まりたいですか？

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

Generally no. Use 'ni' to indicate the place where you are staying overnight. 'De' is for where an action happens, but 'tomaru' is treated as a state of being in a location.

Tomaru is the native Japanese word (Kun-yomi) used in daily conversation. Shukuhaku is a formal Sino-Japanese word (On-yomi) used in business and formal documents.

Use the transitive version: 'Tomodachi o tomarimashita' (Incorrect) -> 'Tomodachi o tomemashita' (Correct).

Yes, if written as 止まる. If written as 泊まる, it means to stay overnight. They sound the same.

No, 泊まる specifically implies staying through the night until the next morning.

Yes, 'Tento ni tomaru' (Stay in a tent) is common.

Use 'Nan-paku desu ka?'

Yes, 'Byouin ni tomaru' is used if you are staying overnight (e.g., to look after someone).

No, use 'sumu' for long-term living.

It means to stay overnight at a place specifically to do something, like work or a protest.

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