At the A1 CEFR level, understanding '미성숙하다' is about recognizing its basic meaning of 'not grown' or 'like a child'. Sentences will be very simple, focusing on concrete examples. Learners might hear or read about children being '미성숙하다'. The context will heavily rely on visual cues or direct comparisons to maturity. The concept is introduced as a simple descriptor for things or beings that are not yet fully developed, much like a young plant or a small child. The focus is on the initial recognition of the word's core sense without delving into complex nuances or abstract applications. The goal is to build a foundational understanding of what the word represents in its most straightforward form.
For A2 learners, the understanding of '미성숙하다' expands to include more common scenarios. They will encounter the word in simple descriptions of behavior, especially related to children or teenagers. The connection between immaturity and childish actions or a lack of responsibility will be clearer. Learners will start to see the word used in slightly more complex sentences, perhaps involving simple comparisons or cause-and-effect relationships. The focus remains on everyday situations, but with a slightly deeper grasp of the implications of being '미성숙하다'. The word might be introduced in contexts like school or family interactions, where differences in maturity are more apparent. The aim is to solidify the basic meaning and begin to associate it with observable behaviors and states.
At the B1 level, learners can grasp '미성숙하다' in a broader range of contexts, including more abstract ideas. They will understand that it's not just about age but also about emotional and mental development. The word can be used to describe situations, plans, or even ideas that are not fully developed or refined. Learners will encounter it in discussions about personal growth, decision-making, and the consequences of immature actions. The distinction between being young ('어리다') and being immature ('미성숙하다') becomes more pronounced. They will also start to recognize the word in slightly more formal settings, such as in written texts or discussions about social issues, where a nuanced understanding of maturity is relevant. The goal is to enable learners to use and understand '미성숙하다' in a variety of everyday and semi-formal situations with more confidence.
B2 learners can comprehend and use '미성숙하다' with a good degree of sophistication. They will understand its application in various domains, including professional settings, social commentary, and personal development discussions. The word's nuances, such as its use in figurative language or its contrast with maturity, will be readily apparent. Learners will be able to differentiate '미성숙하다' from similar concepts like lack of experience or naivete. They can also analyze its usage in media, literature, and more complex arguments, understanding the implications of describing something or someone as '미성숙하다'. The focus is on employing the word accurately in discussions and written work, reflecting a mature understanding of its meaning and connotations.
At the C1 level, '미성숙하다' is understood in its full range of meanings, including subtle connotations and idiomatic uses. Learners can analyze its impact in sophisticated discourse, such as in critical reviews, academic papers, or complex literary analyses. They can articulate the fine distinctions between '미성숙하다' and related terms, and explain its cultural implications. The word might be encountered in discussions of psychological development, societal progress, or artistic critique, where its precise meaning is crucial for conveying complex ideas. Learners are expected to use '미성숙하다' with precision and awareness of its register and potential impact on the audience, demonstrating a mastery of the term.
C2 learners have a native-like command of '미성숙하다'. They can use it in any context with perfect accuracy and naturalness, understanding its full semantic and pragmatic range. This includes recognizing and employing its most subtle shades of meaning, its idiomatic expressions, and its function in rhetorical strategies. They can analyze its usage in highly specialized or nuanced texts, appreciating its role in conveying complex arguments or emotions. For C2 learners, '미성숙하다' is not just a word to be understood, but a tool to be wielded effectively in advanced communication, reflecting a deep cultural and linguistic fluency.
Often used for children but applicable to adults and things.
Implies a need for more time or development.
Definition
The Korean adjective '미성숙하다' (miseongsughada) directly translates to 'immature' in English. It describes a state of not being fully developed, grown, or mature, whether physically, mentally, emotionally, or even in terms of skill or experience. It's used to point out a lack of ripeness or readiness.
Usage
You'll often hear '미성숙하다' used to describe children or adolescents who are acting in a way that is considered childish or lacking in responsibility. However, it's not limited to young people. Adults can also be described as '미성숙하다' if they exhibit behaviors like impulsiveness, a lack of foresight, or an inability to handle complex situations maturely. For instance, someone who consistently makes poor decisions due to emotional reactions rather than rational thought might be called '미성숙하다'. In a more literal sense, it can also refer to things that are not fully developed, such as fruits that are not ripe, or even ideas or plans that are not yet fully formed or well-thought-out. The context will usually make it clear which meaning is intended. It's a fairly common word used in everyday conversation to express a judgment about a lack of development or maturity in a person, thing, or situation.
그 아이는 아직 너무 미성숙하다.
The child is still too immature.
Figurative Use
Beyond personal development, '미성숙하다' can also describe abstract concepts. For example, a political system that is not yet stable or fully functional might be called '미성숙하다'. Similarly, an argument that is not well-supported by evidence or logic could be deemed '미성숙하다'. This highlights the word's versatility in describing a general state of incompleteness or lack of refinement.
Basic Structure
'미성숙하다' is an adjective, so it typically follows a noun or a pronoun, often with the verb '이다' (ida) or '하다' (hada) attached, depending on the grammatical context. The most common forms you'll encounter are '미성숙하다' itself, or when used predicatively, '미성숙합니다' (miseongsughamnida) in formal polite speech, '미성숙해요' (miseongsughaeyo) in informal polite speech, or '미성숙하다' (miseongsughada) in plain form. When describing a noun, you'll often use the form '미성숙한' (miseongsughan) as a determiner, similar to how 'big' becomes 'big' in 'a big house' but 'big' in 'the house is big'.
Examples in Context
Let's look at how '미성숙하다' is used in various sentence structures. When directly describing someone or something, you might say:
그의 태도는 아직 미성숙하다.
His attitude is still immature. Here, '미성숙하다' directly describes '태도' (attitude). When acting as a determiner before a noun, it becomes '미성숙한':
그것은 미성숙한 생각입니다.
That is an immature thought. Notice how '미성숙한' modifies '생각' (thought). In spoken Korean, you'll frequently use the informal polite form '미성숙해요':
그녀는 아직 미성숙해요.
She is still immature. Understanding these variations will help you use and comprehend '미성숙하다' in a variety of everyday situations.
Connecting to Other Words
You can also use adverbs to modify the degree of immaturity. For example, '매우 미성숙하다' (maeu miseongsughada) means 'very immature', and '다소 미성숙하다' (daso miseongsughada) means 'somewhat immature'. This allows for more nuanced expression. It's also common to see it used in contrast with maturity, often using conjunctions like '하지만' (hajiman - but) or '그러나' (geureona - however). For instance, '그는 어른스럽지만, 때로는 미성숙한 모습을 보인다' (Geuneun eoreunseureojiman, ttaeroneun miseongsughan moseubeul boinda) means 'He is adult-like, but sometimes shows an immature side'.
Everyday Conversations
'미성숙하다' is a word that you'll frequently encounter in casual conversations among Koreans. Parents might use it when discussing their children's behavior. For example, a parent might say to another parent, '우리 아이가 아직 너무 미성숙해서 그런 실수를 했나 봐요.' (Uri aiga ajik neomu miseongsughaeseo geureon silsu reul haetnayo.) which means, 'I think our child made that mistake because they are still too immature.' Friends might also use it to comment on each other's or someone else's actions. If someone is acting impulsively or without much thought, a friend might gently remark, '그 행동은 좀 미성숙해 보였어.' (Geu haengdongeun jom miseongsuhae boayeosseo.) meaning, 'That action seemed a bit immature.' It's a common way to offer constructive criticism or express a mild disapproval without being overly harsh.
Media and Entertainment
In Korean dramas, movies, and TV shows, '미성숙하다' is often used to describe characters who are going through a period of growth or learning. A character might be portrayed as initially '미성숙하다' but then undergoes development and becomes more mature over the course of the story. For instance, a young protagonist who makes rash decisions due to a lack of life experience might be labeled as '미성숙하다' by older, wiser characters. News articles or opinion pieces might also use the term when discussing societal issues or the behavior of public figures. For example, an article might critique a politician's '미성숙한' response to a crisis, implying a lack of preparedness and thoughtful consideration. Even in educational contexts, when discussing child development or psychology, '미성숙하다' would be a standard term to describe a stage of growth.
Figurative Language
Beyond literal immaturity, the word can be used metaphorically. A business plan that is not fully developed might be called '미성숙한 사업 계획' (miseongsughan saeop gyehoek), meaning 'an immature business plan'. This signifies that it needs more work and refinement. You might also hear it in discussions about art or literature, where a work might be described as '미성숙한 작품' (miseongsughan jakpum) if it lacks depth or technical skill, indicating it's an early or underdeveloped piece by an artist.
Confusing with Similar Concepts
One common mistake is to confuse '미성숙하다' (immature) with words that imply a lack of knowledge or understanding, like '모르다' (moreuda - to not know) or '이해하지 못하다' (ihaehaji mothada - to not understand). While a lack of understanding can contribute to immature behavior, '미성숙하다' specifically refers to a developmental stage or a lack of emotional or mental ripeness, not just a gap in knowledge. For example, a child might not understand a complex math problem ('수학 문제를 이해하지 못하다'), but that doesn't necessarily make them '미성숙하다' in a behavioral sense. However, if that child throws a tantrum because they can't solve the problem, then their reaction might be described as '미성숙하다'.
Overuse or Misapplication
Learners might sometimes oversimplify the meaning and apply '미성숙하다' too broadly. For instance, calling someone '미성숙하다' just because they have a different opinion or make a minor mistake can be perceived as harsh or judgmental. It's important to remember that '미성숙하다' implies a significant lack of development or maturity, rather than just a temporary lapse in judgment or a difference in perspective. Also, be careful not to use it to describe things that are simply different or unconventional. A unique artistic style, for example, should not be labeled as '미성숙하다' unless it genuinely lacks technical skill or conceptual depth.
Grammatical Errors
Another pitfall is incorrect grammatical usage. As mentioned before, '미성숙하다' is an adjective. It should not be used as a verb on its own without the appropriate endings or auxiliary verbs. For instance, saying '나는 미성숙하다' (Naneun miseongsughada) is grammatically correct when used as a statement of fact, but if you intend to say 'I am immature', you might more naturally use '저는 좀 미성숙해요' (Jeoneun jom miseongsuhaeyo) in polite conversation. When modifying a noun, ensure you use the correct determiner form: '미성숙한' (miseongsughan). Incorrectly using '미성숙하다' before a noun, like '*미성숙하다 사람*' (*miseongsughada saram*), would be a grammatical error.
Cultural Nuance
Finally, be mindful of the cultural context. While '미성숙하다' is a common word, directly calling someone '미성숙하다' can still be considered impolite or confrontational, especially if said directly to them. It's often used more subtly or when discussing someone in the third person. When offering feedback, it's often better to describe specific behaviors that are immature rather than labeling the person directly. For example, instead of saying 'You are immature,' you might say, 'That behavior was a bit immature' ('그 행동은 좀 미성숙했어요').
Childishness: '어리다' (eorida) vs. '미성숙하다' (miseongsughada)
'어리다' (eorida): This word literally means 'to be young' or 'to be a child'. It's primarily about age. However, it can also imply a lack of experience or naivete, which can sometimes overlap with immaturity. '미성숙하다' (miseongsughada): This word focuses on the state of not being fully developed or mature, regardless of age. Comparison: A young child (어리다) is expected to be immature ('미성숙하다') in certain aspects. However, an adult who behaves in a childish or irresponsible way can be described as '미성숙하다' even though they are not '어리다' in age. You might say, '그는 나이에 비해 미성숙하다' (Geuneun naie bie miseongsughada), meaning 'He is immature for his age.'
Lack of Experience: '경험이 부족하다' (gyeongheomi bujokhada) vs. '미성숙하다' (miseongsughada)
'경험이 부족하다' (gyeongheomi bujokhada): This directly translates to 'to lack experience'. It's a factual statement about one's history of encounters or training. '미성숙하다' (miseongsughada): This refers to the resulting state of not being fully developed, which can be caused by a lack of experience, but also by other factors like emotional development or cognitive abilities. Comparison: A new employee might have '경험이 부족하다' in a specific task. If this lack of experience leads to poor decision-making and an inability to handle pressure, they might also be described as '미성숙하다' in that professional context. However, someone could have extensive experience in one area but still be emotionally '미성숙하다' in their personal relationships.
Unripe/Undeveloped (Literal): '덜 익다' (deol ikda) vs. '미성숙하다' (miseongsughada)
'덜 익다' (deol ikda): This specifically means 'to be less ripe' or 'to be undercooked', usually applied to food like fruits or vegetables, or sometimes to things like grains. '미성숙하다' (miseongsughada): While it can be used metaphorically for things not fully developed, its primary use is for living beings or abstract concepts related to development. Comparison: You would say '이 사과는 아직 덜 익었어요' (I sagwaneun ajik deol igeosseoyo) for an unripe apple. You would not use '미성숙하다' for an unripe apple. However, you might describe a very young artist's early work as '미성숙하다' if it lacks skill and depth, similar to how a fruit is not yet ready to eat.
Inexperience/Naivete: '순진하다' (sunjinhada) vs. '미성숙하다' (miseongsughada)
'순진하다' (sunjinhada): This means 'to be naive', 'innocent', or 'simple-hearted'. It often implies a lack of worldly experience and a tendency to trust easily, sometimes to one's detriment. '미성숙하다' (miseongsughada): This is about a lack of development and maturity. Comparison: A person can be '순진하다' but still emotionally mature and responsible. Conversely, someone might be cynical and worldly but still exhibit '미성숙한' behavior due to poor emotional regulation. You might say, '그는 순진해서 속기 쉬웠지만, 책임감은 있었어요.' (Geuneun sunjinhaeseo sokgi swiwotjiman, chaegimgameun isseosseoyo.) meaning 'He was naive and easily deceived, but he was responsible.' An immature person might not be naive at all but rather prone to childish outbursts.
How Formal Is It?
Wusstest du?
The character '未' (mi) meaning 'not yet' is also used in other Korean words like '미완성' (miwanseong - unfinished) and '미발표' (miballyo - unpublished), consistently indicating a state of incompleteness or lack of arrival. The concept of '성숙' (seongsu) itself is fundamental across many cultures, representing a desired state of development.
Aussprachehilfe
UK/miːsʌŋsʊkʰɑdɑ/
US/miːsʌŋsʊkʰɑdɑ/
The primary stress in '미성숙하다' falls on the second syllable, '성' (seong), and secondarily on the fourth syllable, '숙' (suk). So, it sounds roughly like mi-SEONG-su-SUK-ha-da.
Pronouncing '숙' (suk) too softly without aspiration.
Confusing the vowel sounds, especially '어' (eo) and '오' (o).
Incorrectly stressing syllables, which can change the rhythm and clarity.
Omitting the 'ㅎ' (h) sound after 'ㄱ' (g/k) in '숙' (suk) when it's pronounced as 'k'.
Schwierigkeitsgrad
Lesen3/5
At the A1-A2 level, '미성숙하다' is relatively straightforward, usually associated with children or literal immaturity. As CEFR levels increase, the word appears in more complex sentences discussing abstract concepts, societal issues, or nuanced character development, requiring a deeper understanding of context and connotation.
Schreiben3/5
Beginners might use it simply to describe children or unripe fruit. Intermediate learners can use it to describe behaviors or simple ideas. Advanced learners can employ it in more sophisticated critiques of systems, art, or personal development, using varied grammatical structures and collocations.
Sprechen3/5
Easy to use in basic sentences about age or simple observations. More advanced usage requires confidence in expressing nuanced opinions on maturity, behavior, or development.
Hören3/5
Easily recognizable in simple contexts. Understanding its full meaning in complex discussions or figurative language requires higher listening comprehension skills.
Because he is still young, he has immature aspects.
Connecting age and immaturity.
2
어른이지만 그의 행동은 미성숙했다.
He is an adult, but his behavior was immature.
Contrasting age and maturity.
3
이 계획은 너무 미성숙해서 지금은 실행할 수 없다.
This plan is too immature, so it cannot be executed now.
Applying to plans or projects.
4
그녀는 감정적으로 미성숙한 것 같다.
She seems emotionally immature.
Specifying the type of immaturity.
5
우리는 그의 미성숙한 태도를 이해해야 한다.
We need to understand his immature attitude.
'미성숙한' modifying a noun.
6
그들의 관계는 아직 미성숙하다.
Their relationship is still immature.
Applying to relationships.
7
이 문제는 미성숙한 접근 방식으로는 해결할 수 없다.
This problem cannot be solved with an immature approach.
Describing an approach.
8
그의 농담은 좀 미성숙해.
His jokes are a bit immature.
Informal observation.
1
그 어린 작가는 자신의 작품이 아직 미성숙하다는 것을 인정했다.
The young writer admitted that their work is still immature.
Self-assessment of work.
2
성숙하지 못한 태도는 사회생활에 부정적인 영향을 미친다.
An immature attitude negatively affects social life.
Consequences of immaturity.
3
그의 결정은 경험 부족에서 비롯된 미성숙함 때문이었다.
His decision was due to immaturity stemming from a lack of experience.
Connecting immaturity to cause.
4
정치 지도자의 미성숙한 발언이 논란을 일으켰다.
The political leader's immature remarks caused controversy.
Applying to public figures and their statements.
5
그는 나이에 비해 지나치게 미성숙한 모습을 보였다.
He showed excessively immature behavior for his age.
Emphasizing the degree of immaturity.
6
이 기술은 아직 미성숙한 단계에 있으며 상용화하기에는 이르다.
This technology is still in an immature stage and it is too early for commercialization.
Describing technological development.
7
그녀는 순진하지만, 정신적으로는 미성숙하지 않다.
She is naive, but she is not mentally immature.
Distinguishing naivete from immaturity.
8
미성숙한 사고방식은 성장에 큰 장애물이 될 수 있다.
An immature way of thinking can be a big obstacle to growth.
Describing a mindset.
1
그는 어린 나이에도 불구하고 뛰어난 재능을 보였지만, 그의 결정은 때때로 미성숙한 판단을 드러냈다.
Despite his young age, he showed outstanding talent, but his decisions sometimes revealed immature judgment.
Complex sentence with contrast.
2
산업계의 미성숙한 관행은 결국 환경에 악영향을 미쳤다.
The immature practices in the industry eventually had a negative impact on the environment.
Applying to industry practices.
3
그 영화는 연출은 뛰어나지만, 서사의 깊이가 미성숙하다는 비판을 받았다.
The movie received criticism that although the directing was excellent, the depth of the narrative was immature.
Critiquing artistic elements.
4
소비자들의 미성숙한 인식 때문에 친환경 제품의 판매가 저조하다.
Sales of eco-friendly products are sluggish due to consumers' immature awareness.
Relating to consumer awareness.
5
그의 자기 성찰 부족은 그의 행동을 미성숙하게 만들었다.
His lack of self-reflection made his behavior immature.
Cause and effect with psychological terms.
6
미성숙한 사회 구조는 개인의 잠재력 발휘를 저해할 수 있다.
Immature social structures can hinder the realization of individual potential.
Applying to societal structures.
7
그녀는 자신의 감정을 다루는 데 있어 아직 미성숙한 부분이 있었다.
She still had immature aspects in dealing with her emotions.
Focus on emotional regulation.
8
이러한 미성숙한 접근 방식으로는 복잡한 문제를 효과적으로 해결하기 어렵다.
It is difficult to effectively solve complex problems with such an immature approach.
Describing problem-solving methods.
1
그의 정치적 발언은 종종 통찰력 부족과 미성숙한 이상주의의 결합으로 특징지어진다.
His political statements are often characterized by a combination of lack of insight and immature idealism.
Complex analysis of political discourse.
2
미성숙한 자본주의는 종종 과도한 착취와 환경 파괴를 초래한다.
Immature capitalism often leads to excessive exploitation and environmental destruction.
Applying to economic systems.
3
그 작품은 재능은 엿보이지만, 전체적인 완성도나 주제 의식의 깊이 면에서 미성숙함을 벗어나지 못했다.
The work shows glimpses of talent, but failed to overcome its immaturity in terms of overall completion or depth of thematic consciousness.
Nuanced critique of art.
4
미성숙한 민주주의는 포퓰리즘의 유혹에 쉽게 빠질 수 있으며, 이는 장기적인 안정성을 해칠 수 있다.
Immature democracies can easily fall prey to the temptation of populism, which can harm long-term stability.
Sociopolitical analysis.
5
그의 글쓰기 스타일은 독창적인 아이디어를 담고 있음에도 불구하고, 표현의 미성숙함 때문에 종종 난해하게 느껴진다.
Despite containing original ideas, his writing style often feels obscure due to the immaturity of its expression.
Literary critique.
6
미성숙한 관료주의는 종종 비효율과 부패의 온상이 된다.
Immature bureaucracy often becomes a breeding ground for inefficiency and corruption.
Critique of administrative systems.
7
그녀는 타인의 감정을 이해하는 데 있어 여전히 미성숙한 단계를 거치고 있었다.
She was still going through an immature stage in understanding others' emotions.
Focus on empathy development.
8
미성숙한 기술 개발은 예상치 못한 윤리적 딜레마를 야기할 수 있다.
Immature technological development can lead to unexpected ethical dilemmas.
Ethical considerations in technology.
1
그는 겉으로는 능숙해 보였으나, 결정적인 순간에 드러난 그의 미성숙함은 그가 진정한 리더로 성장하기에는 아직 멀었음을 시사했다.
Although he appeared adept on the surface, his immaturity revealed at the critical moment suggested he was still far from growing into a true leader.
Sophisticated analysis of character and potential.
2
미성숙한 자본주의의 초기 단계에서 나타나는 과도한 경쟁과 독점 현상은 사회적 불평등을 심화시키는 주요 원인 중 하나였다.
The excessive competition and monopolistic phenomena observed in the early stages of immature capitalism were one of the main causes that deepened social inequality.
Historical and economic analysis.
3
그의 문학 작품에서 보이는 미성숙함은 의도된 것이라기보다는, 작가 자신의 내면적 성장 과정에서 불가피하게 드러난 것이라고 해석될 수 있다.
The immaturity seen in his literary works can be interpreted not as intentional, but as an unavoidable manifestation of the author's own inner growth process.
Interpretive literary criticism.
4
미성숙한 민주주의 국가에서 권력의 남용은 종종 묵인되거나 심지어 조장되기도 하는데, 이는 민주주의의 근간을 흔드는 심각한 문제이다.
In immature democracies, the abuse of power is often tolerated or even encouraged, which is a serious problem that shakes the foundation of democracy.
Political science perspective.
5
그의 예술적 표현의 미성숙함은 때때로 신선하고 파격적인 시도로 오해받기도 하지만, 본질적으로는 아직 숙성되지 않은 아이디어의 발현이다.
The immaturity of his artistic expression is sometimes misunderstood as a fresh and unconventional attempt, but in essence, it is the manifestation of ideas that have not yet matured.
Artistic critique with subtle distinction.
6
미성숙한 관료주의는 변화에 대한 저항을 넘어, 새로운 아이디어의 발현 자체를 억압하는 구조적 장벽으로 작용할 수 있다.
Immature bureaucracy goes beyond resistance to change, acting as a structural barrier that suppresses the very emergence of new ideas.
Analysis of bureaucratic systems.
7
타인의 고통에 대한 공감 능력의 미성숙함은, 그가 사회적 관계에서 지속적으로 고립되는 근본적인 원인이었다.
The immaturity of his empathy towards the suffering of others was the fundamental reason for his continuous isolation in social relationships.
Psychological analysis of social interaction.
8
미성숙한 기술의 맹목적인 도입은 예측 불가능한 사회적, 윤리적 파급 효과를 야기할 수 있으며, 이는 신중한 접근을 요구한다.
The blind adoption of immature technology can lead to unpredictable social and ethical ripple effects, demanding a cautious approach.
Technological ethics and foresight.
Häufige Kollokationen
미성숙한 태도
미성숙한 생각
미성숙한 행동
미성숙한 결정
미성숙한 발언
미성숙한 자세
미성숙한 단계
미성숙한 감정
미성숙한 판단
미성숙한 사회
Häufige Phrasen
아직 미성숙하다
— Still immature; not yet fully developed or mature.
그는 성인인데도 아직 미성숙하다.
너무 미성숙하다
— Too immature; excessively lacking in maturity.
그 아이의 행동은 너무 미성숙하다.
좀 미성숙하다
— A bit immature; somewhat lacking in maturity.
그의 의견은 좀 미성숙하다.
미성숙한 면이 있다
— To have an immature side; to show aspects of immaturity.
그는 겉보기와 달리 미성숙한 면이 있다.
미성숙한 사람
— An immature person.
미성숙한 사람은 책임을 회피하려는 경향이 있다.
미성숙한 자세
— An immature attitude or stance.
그는 어떤 일에도 미성숙한 자세를 보였다.
미성숙한 생각
— An immature thought or idea.
그것은 아직 미성숙한 생각일 뿐이다.
미성숙한 행동
— Immature behavior or action.
그의 미성숙한 행동에 모두가 놀랐다.
미성숙한 판단
— Immature judgment or decision.
미성숙한 판단으로 큰 실수를 저질렀다.
미성숙한 태도
— An immature attitude.
그는 직장 생활에서 미성숙한 태도를 보였다.
Wird oft verwechselt mit
미성숙하다vs미숙하다
This word means 'unskilled' or 'inexperienced'. While an inexperienced person might act immaturely, '미숙하다' focuses on a lack of practical ability, whereas '미성숙하다' refers to a broader lack of development and maturity.
미성숙하다vs어리다
'어리다' means 'young' or 'childish' due to age. '미성숙하다' refers to a state of not being fully developed, which can be present even in adults if they lack emotional or mental maturity.
미성숙하다vs유치하다
'유치하다' means 'childish' or 'puerile', often implying silliness or pettiness. It's a subset of immaturity, focusing more on the 'childish' aspect of behavior rather than a general lack of development.
Redewendungen & Ausdrücke
"애늙은이 같다"
— To be like an old person in a child's body; to be precocious or mature for one's age. This is the opposite of being '미성숙하다'.
그 아이는 애늙은이 같아서 어른들과도 대화가 통한다.
Informal
"철이 없다"
— To be '철이 없다' literally means 'not having iron', but idiomatically it means to be immature, childish, or lacking sense, especially for one's age. It's very similar to '미성숙하다' in describing a lack of maturity in judgment and behavior.
그는 아직 철이 없어서 중요한 일을 맡길 수 없다.
General
"미성숙하다 못해"
— So immature that...; to the point of being extremely immature.
그의 발언은 미성숙하다 못해 무례했다.
General
"풋사과 같다"
— To be like an unripe apple; to be immature, inexperienced, or naive.
그녀의 연기는 아직 풋사과 같았다.
Figurative
"덜 익은 열매"
— An unripe fruit; a person or thing that has not reached full development or maturity.
그는 아직 덜 익은 열매와 같아서 더 많은 경험이 필요하다.
Figurative
"애송이 같다"
— To be like a novice or a greenhorn; to be inexperienced and immature.
그는 아직 애송이 같아서 실수가 잦다.
Informal
"어린 티를 벗지 못하다"
— To not be able to shed the 'childishness'; to still exhibit childish traits and immaturity.
나이가 많음에도 불구하고 그는 아직 어린 티를 벗지 못했다.
General
"미성숙한 껍질"
— An immature shell; referring to a superficial appearance that hides a lack of inner development or maturity.
그는 미성숙한 껍질 속에 자신을 숨기고 있었다.
Figurative
"덜 자라다"
— To be less grown; not fully grown or developed. Similar to '미성숙하다' but can also refer to physical growth.
그 식물은 햇빛이 부족해서 덜 자랐다.
General
"미성숙한 씨앗"
— An immature seed; a potential that has not yet developed or germinated.
그 아이의 재능은 미성숙한 씨앗과 같았다.
Figurative
Leicht verwechselbar
미성숙하다vs미숙하다
Both words describe a lack of something desirable and are often related to a lack of experience or development.
'미숙하다' specifically refers to a lack of skill or proficiency in a particular area. For example, someone might be '미숙하다' at driving. '미성숙하다' is broader and refers to a lack of overall development, maturity, or ripeness, which can encompass emotional, mental, and behavioral aspects, not just skill.
그는 운전이 미숙해서 사고를 낼 뻔했다. (He was unskilled at driving and almost caused an accident.) / 그의 태도는 아직 미성숙하다. (His attitude is still immature.)
미성숙하다vs어리다
Children are typically both young ('어리다') and immature ('미성숙하다'). This overlap can lead to confusion.
'어리다' is primarily about age – being young. '미성숙하다' is about the state of development. A child is naturally '어리다' and often '미성숙하다'. However, an adult can be '미성숙하다' without being '어리다'. The key distinction is age versus developmental stage.
그는 아직 어리다. (He is still young.) / 그 아이는 어리지만, 생각은 미성숙하지 않다. (That child is young, but their thoughts are not immature.)
미성숙하다vs유치하다
Both words describe traits associated with children and a lack of sophistication.
'유치하다' means 'childish' or 'puerile', often implying silliness, pettiness, or a lack of advanced thinking. '미성숙하다' is a more general term for not being fully developed or mature. One can be '미성숙하다' without being '유치하다' (e.g., a serious but inexperienced person), and sometimes '유치한' behavior is a specific manifestation of '미성숙함'.
그의 말은 너무 유치해서 듣기 힘들었다. (His words were so childish that they were hard to listen to.) / 그 아이는 아직 미성숙해서 그런 말을 한다. (That child says such things because they are still immature.)
미성숙하다vs덜 익다
Both terms imply something is not ready or complete.
'덜 익다' is literally used for things that are not ripe, like fruits or vegetables. '미성숙하다' is used for people, their development, or abstract concepts that are not fully developed or mature. You wouldn't say a person is '덜 익다', nor would you say an unripe apple is '미성숙하다'.
이 바나나는 아직 덜 익었다. (This banana is not ripe yet.) / 그의 생각은 아직 미성숙하다. (His thoughts are still immature.)
미성숙하다vs순진하다
Both can describe a lack of worldly experience or sophistication.
'순진하다' means 'naive' or 'innocent', implying a lack of guile or experience with deception. '미성숙하다' refers to a lack of overall development, maturity, or ripeness. One can be '순진하다' but still emotionally mature, or one can be worldly but emotionally '미성숙하다'.
그녀는 순진해서 모든 말을 믿었다. (She was naive and believed everything she was told.) / 아이들은 순진하지만, 때로는 미성숙한 행동을 하기도 한다. (Children are naive, but sometimes they also act immaturely.)
Medium-High (common in everyday conversation and media)
Häufige Fehler
Using '미성숙하다' to describe unripe fruit.→Use '덜 익다' for unripe fruits.
'미성숙하다' is generally used for people, their development, or abstract concepts. '덜 익다' is the specific term for something not being ripe.
Confusing '미성숙하다' (immature) with '미숙하다' (unskilled).→'미성숙하다' for general development/maturity; '미숙하다' for lack of skill.
While related, they have different core meanings. Immaturity is about overall development, while being unskilled is about a lack of proficiency in a specific task.
Using '미성숙하다' directly and bluntly to an adult.→Use softer phrasing or describe specific behaviors.
Directly calling an adult 'immature' can be impolite. It's better to say '그 행동은 좀 미성숙했어요' (That action was a bit immature) or '아직 배울 점이 많아요' (There are many points to learn).
Using '미성숙하다' when '유치하다' (childish) is more appropriate.→Use '유치하다' for silly, petty, or overly simplistic behavior.
'유치하다' specifically points to behavior that is overly childish or silly. '미성숙하다' is broader and refers to a general lack of development or maturity.
Forgetting to use the determiner form '미성숙한' before a noun.→'미성숙한' + Noun.
When 'immature' modifies a noun, you need to use the determiner form '미성숙한', not the base adjective form '미성숙하다'. For example, '미성숙한 생각' not '*미성숙하다 생각*'.
Tipps
Focus on the '숙' syllable
The syllable '숙' (suk) is pronounced with an aspirated 'k' sound followed by 'h' (kh). Practice saying 'suk-ha' to get the feel for it. This is a key sound that distinguishes it from similar-sounding syllables and helps with clarity.
Use '미성숙한' before nouns
When you want to describe a noun as immature, use the determiner form '미성숙한' before it. For example, '미성숙한 생각' (immature thought) or '미성숙한 행동' (immature behavior).
Contrast with '성숙하다'
Understanding the direct opposite, '성숙하다' (to be mature), will help solidify the meaning of '미성숙하다'. Think of it as a spectrum from '미성숙하다' to '성숙하다'.
Be mindful of context and tone
While '미성숙하다' is a common word, calling an adult 'immature' directly can be critical. Use it carefully, especially in formal situations or when speaking to elders. Describing specific behaviors is often more polite.
Connect to 'unripe'
Think of '미성숙하다' like an unripe fruit. It's not ready yet, needs more time to develop. This visual can help you remember the core meaning of not being fully developed.
Age vs. Maturity
Remember that in Korean culture, there's a distinction between being young ('어리다') and being immature ('미성숙하다'). An adult can be immature, and a child might show surprising maturity.
Create your own sentences
Try to create sentences using '미성숙하다' to describe different things: yourself (humorously about a past habit), a fictional character, or even a concept like a new idea. This active recall is crucial for retention.
Differentiate from '미숙하다'
Don't confuse '미성숙하다' (immature) with '미숙하다' (unskilled/inexperienced). One is about general development, the other about specific skills.
Degrees of Immaturity
Use adverbs like '아직' (still), '좀' (a bit), '너무' (too), or '매우' (very) to express different degrees of immaturity and add subtlety to your language.
Use in self-reflection
Reflect on your own past actions or thoughts that could be considered immature. Using the word in self-reflection can help you understand its meaning and impact more deeply.
Einprägen
Eselsbrücke
Think of a 'Miss' who is still very young and acts like a child. She is '미' (Miss) + '성숙' (mature) = '미성숙' (immature). Or, imagine a small, 'Mee' (미) seed that has not yet grown into a fully 'Sung-sook' (성숙) tree.
Visuelle Assoziation
Picture a young sapling tree that is not yet tall or strong, with few leaves, representing something that has not reached its full 'mature' (성숙) state. The '미' (mi) can be visualized as a small, unformed sprout.
Word Web
ImmaturityChildishnessLack of developmentUnripeNot fully grownInexperience (related)Naivete (related)UnderdevelopedGreenness
Herausforderung
Try to use '미성숙하다' to describe three different things: yourself (in a humorous way, perhaps about a past habit), a fictional character, and a concept like a new technology or an idea. Write a short sentence for each.
Wortherkunft
The word '미성숙하다' is derived from Sino-Korean roots. It is composed of three parts: '미' (未), '성숙' (成熟), and '하다' (hada). '미' (未) means 'not yet' or 'un-'. '성숙' (成熟) means 'maturity' or 'ripeness'. '하다' (hada) is a verb-forming suffix.
Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: The original meaning is 'not yet mature'.
Sino-Korean (derived from Chinese characters)
Kultureller Kontext
When using '미성숙하다', especially towards adults, be mindful of the context and your relationship with the person. Directly calling someone '미성숙하다' can be offensive. It's often better to describe specific immature behaviors rather than labeling the person. In formal settings or when giving feedback, it's usually phrased more gently or indirectly.
In English, 'immature' can be used in similar contexts, referring to a lack of development or maturity. However, the directness of calling an adult 'immature' might sometimes be perceived as more blunt or judgmental in English than in Korean, where indirectness is often preferred in feedback.
The character development of many protagonists in Korean dramas often involves them starting as '미성숙하다' and growing into mature individuals.Discussions about teenage behavior or the challenges of adolescence frequently use the term '미성숙하다'.Critiques of political or social systems might refer to them as '미성숙한' if they lack stability or proper functioning.
Im Alltag üben
Kontexte aus dem Alltag
Discussing children's behavior
아직 미성숙해서 그래요.
어린 아이는 미성숙한 행동을 할 수 있어요.
나이에 비해 미성숙한 것 같아요.
Describing personal growth or development
저는 아직 미성숙한 부분이 많아요.
그 경험을 통해 미성숙함을 깨달았어요.
더 성숙해지고 싶어요.
Critiquing ideas, plans, or art
그 아이디어는 아직 미성숙해요.
이 작품은 미성숙한 느낌을 줍니다.
좀 더 다듬어야 할 미성숙한 부분이 있어요.
Talking about relationships or social interactions
그들의 관계는 아직 미성숙해요.
미성숙한 태도로는 관계를 유지하기 어려워요.
서로의 미성숙함을 이해해야 해요.
Describing technology or societal issues
이 기술은 아직 미성숙한 단계입니다.
미성숙한 사회 구조는 발전을 저해합니다.
미성숙한 접근 방식으로는 해결할 수 없습니다.
Gesprächseinstiege
"Can you think of a time you acted immaturely, and what did you learn from it?"
"How do you define maturity, and at what point do you think someone becomes truly mature?"
"Are there certain behaviors that you consider to be universally immature, regardless of age?"
"In what ways do you think technology or social media can contribute to or detract from a person's maturity?"
"What's the difference between being young and being immature?"
Tagebuch-Impulse
Reflect on a situation where you or someone you know exhibited immaturity. Describe the situation and the feelings associated with it. What could have been done differently?
Consider the concept of 'growing up'. What does it mean to you to be mature? Write about the qualities and experiences that contribute to maturity.
Think about a piece of art, music, or literature that you found to be 'immature' but still appreciated. What made it immature, and why did it still resonate with you?
Imagine you are advising a younger person about navigating the challenges of adolescence. What advice would you give them regarding maturity and making responsible choices?
How does the cultural perception of maturity differ between your native culture and Korean culture? Discuss specific examples.
Häufig gestellte Fragen
10 Fragen
'미성숙하다' means 'immature' or 'not fully developed', while its direct antonym, '성숙하다', means 'mature' or 'fully developed'. '미성숙하다' describes a state of being incomplete or lacking ripeness, whereas '성숙하다' describes a state of being complete, developed, and wise.
Yes, absolutely. While children are naturally expected to be immature, adults can also be described as '미성숙하다' if they exhibit childish behavior, lack emotional regulation, or make irresponsible decisions. This implies a lack of mental or emotional development despite their age.
'미성숙하다' can be used to describe people (especially children or adults exhibiting childish traits), their behavior, their thoughts, plans, or even things like unripe fruit or underdeveloped technologies. The context will usually clarify the specific meaning.
It can be negative when used critically to describe inappropriate behavior or a lack of development where maturity is expected. However, it's also a neutral descriptive term when discussing natural developmental stages, such as in children or young artists' early work.
'어리다' means 'young' or 'childish due to age'. '미성숙하다' means 'immature', referring to a lack of development. Children are typically both young and immature. However, an adult can be immature without being young, and a child might show signs of maturity beyond their age, making them less '미성숙하다' in certain aspects despite being '어리다'.
Common collocations include '미성숙한 태도' (immature attitude), '미성숙한 행동' (immature behavior), '미성숙한 생각' (immature thought), and '미성숙한 결정' (immature decision). Using these phrases can help you speak more naturally.
Yes, but it's often used metaphorically or in specific contexts. For example, an unripe fruit is '덜 익다', but a new technology that is not fully developed might be described as being in a '미성숙한 단계' (immature stage).
The noun form is '미성숙' (immaturity). For example, '그의 말에서 미성숙이 느껴졌다' (Immaturity was felt from his words).
You can use the adverbial form '미성숙하게'. For example, '그는 미성숙하게 행동했다' (He acted immaurely).
Directly calling an adult '미성숙하다' can be impolite. It's often better to use softer phrasing like '좀 미성숙한 면이 있는 것 같아요' (It seems they have somewhat immature aspects) or focus on specific behaviors rather than labeling the person.
The Korean adjective '미성숙하다' means 'immature', describing a state of not being fully developed, grown, or mature. It applies to people, their behavior, and even abstract concepts or things that are not yet ready.
Not fully developed or grown.
Lacking maturity in behavior or state.
Often used for children but applicable to adults and things.
Implies a need for more time or development.
🔊
Focus on the '숙' syllable
The syllable '숙' (suk) is pronounced with an aspirated 'k' sound followed by 'h' (kh). Practice saying 'suk-ha' to get the feel for it. This is a key sound that distinguishes it from similar-sounding syllables and helps with clarity.
✍️
Use '미성숙한' before nouns
When you want to describe a noun as immature, use the determiner form '미성숙한' before it. For example, '미성숙한 생각' (immature thought) or '미성숙한 행동' (immature behavior).
📚
Contrast with '성숙하다'
Understanding the direct opposite, '성숙하다' (to be mature), will help solidify the meaning of '미성숙하다'. Think of it as a spectrum from '미성숙하다' to '성숙하다'.
🗣️
Be mindful of context and tone
While '미성숙하다' is a common word, calling an adult 'immature' directly can be critical. Use it carefully, especially in formal situations or when speaking to elders. Describing specific behaviors is often more polite.
