Imati is the fundamental verb for expressing possession, relationships, and existence in Serbian.
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- Primary verb for possession and existence in Serbian.
- Requires the accusative case for the direct object.
- Used impersonally to mean 'there is' or 'there are'.
Pregled
Glagol 'imati' je jedan od najfrekventnijih i najvažnijih glagola u srpskom jeziku. Na nivou A1, on je osnova za komunikaciju jer omogućava govorniku da opiše šta poseduje, kakve odnose ima sa ljudima i kako se oseća. Glagol je pravilan u prezentu, što olakšava učenje. 2) Obrasci upotrebe: Glagol 'imati' uvek zahteva direktni objekat u akuzativu (koga? šta?). Na primer, u rečenici 'Imam knjigu', reč 'knjiga' je u akuzativu jednine. Negativni oblik glagola 'imati' je specifičan jer se spaja sa negacijom u jednu reč: 'nemati' (nemam, nemaš, nema...). 3) Česti konteksti: Koristi se za fizičko posedovanje (imam auto), porodične veze (imam brata), fizičke senzacije (imam glavobolju), i apstraktne pojmove (imam vremena, imam ideju). Posebno je važna bezlična upotreba u trećem licu jednine 'ima', što odgovara engleskom 'there is/are' (npr. 'Ima kafe u kuhinji'). 4) Poređenje sa sličnim rečima: Iako 'imati' i 'posedovati' znače slično, 'posedovati' je znatno formalniji glagol koji se koristi u pravnom ili zvaničnom kontekstu (npr. 'Posedovati nekretninu'). Glagol 'držati' se ponekad meša sa 'imati', ali on se odnosi na fizičku radnju držanja nečega u rukama ili održavanje stanja. Razumevanje glagola 'imati' je ključno za prelazak na složenije gramatičke strukture.
Beispiele
Imam novi telefon.
everydayI have a new phone.
Kompanija ima sedište u Beogradu.
formalThe company has its headquarters in Belgrade.
Imaš li malo vremena?
informalDo you have a little time?
Ovaj rad ima za cilj istraživanje tržišta.
academicThis paper aims to research the market.
Häufige Kollokationen
Häufige Phrasen
Šta ima?
What's up?
Nema na čemu.
You're welcome.
Imaš pravo.
You are right.
Wird oft verwechselt mit
Biti means 'to be' (existence/identity), while imati means 'to have' (possession).
Posedovati is a formal synonym used mostly for property or legal ownership.
Grammatikmuster
How to Use It
Nutzungshinweise
The verb 'imati' is neutral and can be used in all registers. In spoken Serbian, it is frequently used in the third person singular ('ima') to denote existence, similar to 'hay' in Spanish or 'il y a' in French. When used negatively, 'nemati' often takes the genitive case instead of the accusative.
Häufige Fehler
English speakers often try to use 'biti' (to be) where 'imati' is required for physical sensations like hunger (though in Serbian both 'gladan sam' and 'imam glad' are possible, 'imati' is very common for 'to have a cold' or 'to have a fever'). Another mistake is separating 'ne' from 'ima' (ne ima), which is always wrong; it must be 'nema'.
Tips
Master the negative form 'nemati' immediately
Unlike most Serbian verbs where 'ne' is separate, 'nemati' is a single word. Practice 'nemam' and 'nema' as they are used constantly.
Avoid using nominative for objects
Always remember to change the noun to the accusative case after 'imati'. Saying 'Imam knjiga' (nominative) sounds incorrect; it must be 'Imam knjigu'.
The versatile phrase 'Šta ima?'
In Serbia, 'Šta ima?' is the most common informal way to say 'What's up?' or 'What's new?'
Wortherkunft
Derived from the Proto-Slavic *imati, which comes from the root *em- meaning 'to take' or 'to grasp'. This reflects the concept of possession as something one has taken or holds.
Kultureller Kontext
In Serbian culture, the question 'Šta ima?' is more than a greeting; it's an invitation to share news. Also, the phrase 'Ima se, može se' is a common, slightly ironic way to comment on someone's wealth or spending.
Merkhilfe
Think of the 'm' in 'imam' as standing for 'Mine' – I have it, it is mine.
Häufig gestellte Fragen
4 FragenKonjugacija je: ja imam, ti imaš, on/ona/ono ima, mi imamo, vi imate, oni/one/ona imaju.
Uz glagol imati koristi se akuzativ za direktni objekat. Ako je rečenica bezlična (ima...), često se koristi genitiv.
Koristi se glagol 'nemati'. Na primer: 'Nemam novca' ili 'Nemam vremena'.
Ne, u bezličnim rečenicama 'ima' znači da nešto postoji ili se nalazi negde (npr. 'Ima mleka u frižideru').
Teste dich selbst
Ja ___ (imati) veliku porodicu.
Prvo lice jednine prezenta glagola imati je 'imam'.
Kako se kaže 'There is no bread'?
Bezlični oblik 'nema' uz genitiv 'hleba' označava nepostojanje nečega.
sestru / On / mlađu / ima
Standardni red reči je Subjekat + Glagol + Objekat.
Ergebnis: /3
Summary
Imati is the fundamental verb for expressing possession, relationships, and existence in Serbian.
- Primary verb for possession and existence in Serbian.
- Requires the accusative case for the direct object.
- Used impersonally to mean 'there is' or 'there are'.
Master the negative form 'nemati' immediately
Unlike most Serbian verbs where 'ne' is separate, 'nemati' is a single word. Practice 'nemam' and 'nema' as they are used constantly.
Avoid using nominative for objects
Always remember to change the noun to the accusative case after 'imati'. Saying 'Imam knjiga' (nominative) sounds incorrect; it must be 'Imam knjigu'.
The versatile phrase 'Šta ima?'
In Serbia, 'Šta ima?' is the most common informal way to say 'What's up?' or 'What's new?'
Beispiele
4 von 4Imam novi telefon.
I have a new phone.
Kompanija ima sedište u Beogradu.
The company has its headquarters in Belgrade.
Imaš li malo vremena?
Do you have a little time?
Ovaj rad ima za cilj istraživanje tržišta.
This paper aims to research the market.
