‘症候’ describes observable signs that indicate an underlying medical, psychological, or social condition.
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- Refers to medical symptoms or underlying social/cultural indications.
- Commonly used in formal writing or academic social analysis.
- Implies observable signs of a deeper, often problematic, condition.
Overview
- 1概述：‘症候’（zhèng hòu）是一个较为正式的词汇，其核心含义是指某种内在状态或疾病在外部的表现。在医学领域，它与‘症状’含义相近；在人文社会科学领域，它常被用来隐喻某种社会问题或心理状态的显露。2) 用法模式：‘症候’通常作为名词使用，常出现在‘……的症候’、‘表现出症候’或‘消除症候’等结构中。它往往带有一定的分析色彩，暗示观察者正在通过表象推断本质。3) 常见语境：在医学报告中，它描述病人的临床表现；在社会评论中，它常指代‘时代症候’（Symptoms of the times），如过度焦虑、消费主义等。在文学批评中，它指作品中流露出的作者潜意识或社会潜流。4) 同类词辨析：‘症状’（Symptom）主要用于纯医学语境，指具体的生理不适；‘征兆’（Sign/Omen）侧重于事情发生前的预示，不一定与病态相关；而‘症候’则更具抽象性和系统性，往往指代一组有内在联系的现象，且常含有‘病态’或‘问题’的贬义或中性偏贬义色彩。
Beispiele
医生正在仔细观察病人的临床症候。
medicalThe doctor is carefully observing the patient's clinical symptoms.
这种过度消费的现象是当代社会的一种症候。
formalThis phenomenon of over-consumption is a symptom of contemporary society.
他的沉默被认为是一种心理压抑的症候。
academicHis silence was considered a sign of psychological repression.
我们需要警惕这些危险的症候。
formalWe need to be alert to these dangerous indications.
Häufige Kollokationen
Häufige Phrasen
症候群
syndrome
文化症候
cultural symptoms
Wird oft verwechselt mit
‘症状’ is purely medical and physical, while ‘症候’ is more abstract and can apply to social or cultural issues.
‘征兆’ is a neutral sign of something about to happen, whereas ‘症候’ usually implies an existing underlying problem.
Grammatikmuster
How to Use It
Nutzungshinweise
‘症候’ is a high-level vocabulary word primarily found in written Chinese, academic papers, and serious social critiques. It carries an analytical tone, suggesting that the speaker is diagnosing a situation. Avoid using it for simple, everyday physical complaints where ‘不舒服’ or ‘症状’ would suffice.
Häufige Fehler
A common mistake is using ‘症候’ for positive signs (e.g., 'signs of success'). It is almost exclusively reserved for negative or problematic conditions. Another mistake is confusing it with the TCM term '证候' in professional medical writing.
Tips
Use for analyzing social trends
In academic essays, use '时代症候' to describe widespread social issues like burnout or digital addiction.
Distinguish from TCM terminology
Don't confuse '症候' with '证候' (zhèng hòu), which is a specific term in Traditional Chinese Medicine referring to a diagnostic pattern.
Clinical gaze in literature
Modern Chinese critics often use '症候' to apply a 'clinical gaze' to society, treating social issues like a doctor treats a patient.
Wortherkunft
Derived from classical Chinese medicine where '症' refers to the illness and '候' refers to the manifestations or timing of the illness.
Kultureller Kontext
In modern Chinese intellectual discourse, '症候式阅读' (Symptomatic Reading) is a term borrowed from Louis Althusser, referring to reading a text to find what it omits or hides.
Merkhilfe
Think of '症' as disease and '候' as observation. Together, they mean 'observed signs of a disease or problem'.
Häufig gestellte Fragen
4 Fragen‘症状’多用于医学描述具体的身体不适，而‘症候’不仅用于医学，还广泛用于社会学和文学，指代更深层的社会或心理迹象。
‘症候群’翻译为英文的 Syndrome，指同时出现的一群症状，用来代表某种特定的疾病或社会现象。
通常不可以。‘症候’通常暗示存在某种‘问题’或‘病态’，因此多用于中性或负面的语境。
不常用。这是一个书面语色彩较浓的词，日常生活中人们更倾向于说‘迹象’或‘症状’。
Teste dich selbst
这种普遍的焦虑感被专家视为现代社会的某种___。
‘症候’最适合描述社会性的、带有病态色彩的迹象。
选择最恰当的搭配：
‘时代症候’是一个固定的学术和评论用语。
这种、是、症候、典型的、心理、表现。
‘这种表现是典型的心理症候’逻辑最清晰，指某种行为是心理问题的体现。
Ergebnis: /3
Summary
‘症候’ describes observable signs that indicate an underlying medical, psychological, or social condition.
- Refers to medical symptoms or underlying social/cultural indications.
- Commonly used in formal writing or academic social analysis.
- Implies observable signs of a deeper, often problematic, condition.
Use for analyzing social trends
In academic essays, use '时代症候' to describe widespread social issues like burnout or digital addiction.
Distinguish from TCM terminology
Don't confuse '症候' with '证候' (zhèng hòu), which is a specific term in Traditional Chinese Medicine referring to a diagnostic pattern.
Clinical gaze in literature
Modern Chinese critics often use '症候' to apply a 'clinical gaze' to society, treating social issues like a doctor treats a patient.
Beispiele
4 von 4医生正在仔细观察病人的临床症候。
The doctor is carefully observing the patient's clinical symptoms.
这种过度消费的现象是当代社会的一种症候。
This phenomenon of over-consumption is a symptom of contemporary society.
他的沉默被认为是一种心理压抑的症候。
His silence was considered a sign of psychological repression.
我们需要警惕这些危险的症候。
We need to be alert to these dangerous indications.
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Verwandtes Vokabular
Mehr general Wörter
一下儿
A1a bit, a moment
点儿
A1a little bit
有点儿
A1a little, somewhat (negative connotation)
一下
A2A bit; a moment (used after a verb).
异样
B1different; unusual; strange
关于
A1about, concerning
快要
A2to be about to (happen)
大约
B1Used to show that a number or amount is not exact; approximately.
上边
A2above, on top
上面
A1on, above, over
