When you want to say "therefore" or "for this reason" in Chinese, you can use 故此 (gùcǐ). It's a formal way to connect two ideas, showing that the second idea is a result of the first.
Think of it like saying "because of this" or "as a result."
You'll often see it in written Chinese or more formal spoken situations.
It helps your listener or reader understand the cause and effect between your sentences.
When you want to say "therefore" or "for this reason" in Chinese, you can use 故此 (gùcǐ). It's a formal way to connect two sentences. Think of it like saying "because of this" or "as a result."
You'll put 故此 at the beginning of the second sentence. It shows that the second part of your sentence is a direct consequence or reason coming from the first part. It’s useful for explaining why something happened.
When you're trying to connect ideas and show cause and effect, 故此 (gùcǐ) is a solid choice. It's a formal conjunction, meaning 'therefore' or 'for this reason.' Think of it as a more refined way to say 'so' or 'because of this.'
You'll often see it in written Chinese, like in news articles, essays, or formal speeches. It introduces a consequence or a conclusion based on what was just said. Using 故此 adds a touch of seriousness and clarity to your explanation, making your point stand out.
When you're trying to connect ideas and show cause and effect, 故此 (gùcǐ) is a solid choice. It's a formal conjunction, meaning 'therefore' or 'for this reason.' Think of it as a more elevated way to say because of X, then Y. You'll often see it in written Chinese, like in news articles or official documents, but it can also pop up in more formal spoken contexts.
§ What does 故此 mean?
- DEFINITION
- Therefore; for this reason.
You're learning Chinese, and you want to sound more natural, right? Well, understanding words like 故此 (gùcǐ) is key. Think of 故此 as a more formal way to say 'therefore' or 'for this reason' in English. It's used to show a cause-and-effect relationship, where something happened or is true because of something else that came before it.
It's not a word you'll typically use in casual conversation with your friends. You're more likely to see 故此 in written texts, formal speeches, academic papers, or news reports. It adds a touch of seriousness and formality to your sentences, clearly indicating that the following statement is a direct consequence of what was just said.
§ When do people use 故此?
People use 故此 when they want to draw a clear, logical conclusion from a previous statement or set of facts. It's all about establishing a logical flow in your writing or speech. Let's break down some common situations where 故此 shines:
- Connecting reasons to results: When you've explained a situation or a problem, and you want to clearly state the outcome or solution that follows directly from it.
- In formal writing: This is its natural habitat. Essays, reports, official documents – any place where precision and formality are valued will likely feature 故此.
- Explaining decisions or policies: When you need to justify why a certain action was taken or a decision was made. You state the reasons first, then use 故此 to introduce the action/decision.
- Presenting arguments: In debates or argumentative essays, 故此 helps you link your premises to your conclusions effectively.
Let's look at some examples to make this concrete:
他病得很重，故此无法上班。
Translation hint: He was very sick, therefore he couldn't go to work.
交通非常拥堵，故此我们迟到了。
Translation hint: The traffic was very congested, for this reason we were late.
研究结果表明，这种方法是有效的，故此我们建议推广。
Translation hint: The research results show that this method is effective, therefore we recommend promoting it.
Notice how in each example, 故此 introduces a direct consequence or conclusion based on the preceding statement. It's a clear signal to the reader or listener that what follows is a logical deduction.
While 'therefore' and 'for this reason' are good direct translations, remember the formality. If you're looking for a more casual equivalent in spoken Chinese, you might use 所以 (suǒyǐ). However, they are not interchangeable in all contexts. 故此 carries a stronger sense of logical necessity and formality than 所以.
§ What's the difference between 故此 and other similar words?
Chinese has several words that can express cause and effect, and it's easy to get them mixed up. Here's a quick comparison to help you understand why 故此 stands out:
- 故此 (gùcǐ) vs. 所以 (suǒyǐ): Both mean 'therefore', but 故此 is much more formal and often used in written language or very formal speech. 所以 is common in both spoken and written Chinese, and generally less formal. If you're unsure, and you're in a casual setting, 所以 is usually a safe bet.
- 故此 (gùcǐ) vs. 因此 (yīncǐ): These two are quite similar and often interchangeable in formal contexts. 因此 also means 'therefore' or 'consequently' and is frequently seen in written Chinese. Sometimes 因此 might feel slightly less emphatic than 故此, but the difference is subtle and context-dependent. For most learners, treating them as very close synonyms in formal writing is acceptable.
- 故此 (gùcǐ) vs. 于是 (yúshì): 于是 means 'thereupon' or 'so' and implies a sequence of events, often with a focus on immediate action or consequence. While it also shows cause and effect, it's more about narrative flow and what happened next, rather than a purely logical deduction like 故此.
The key takeaway is that 故此 is your go-to word when you need to convey a strong, formal, and logical consequence. Mastering its usage will definitely elevate your Chinese writing to a more sophisticated level.
Alright, let's talk about 故此 (gùcǐ). It means 'therefore' or 'for this reason.' It's a useful conjunction to connect ideas logically. However, people often make a few common mistakes when using it. We're going to break them down so you can avoid them.
§ Mistake 1: Overusing 故此
The first common mistake is using 故此 too much or in situations where a simpler conjunction would be better. While 故此 is correct, it carries a slightly formal or literary tone. Using it constantly can make your Chinese sound stiff or unnatural, especially in casual conversations.
Instead of always reaching for 故此, consider these alternatives:
- 所以 (suǒyǐ): This is the most common and versatile 'therefore' or 'so.' It's suitable for almost all situations.
- 因此 (yīncǐ): Similar to 故此, but generally less formal. It's a good all-rounder for expressing 'for this reason.'
- 于是 (yúshì): Implies a sequence of events, 'thereupon' or 'as a result.'
§ Mistake 2: Incorrect Placement
Like many conjunctions in Chinese, 故此 typically introduces the result clause. Placing it incorrectly can confuse the meaning of your sentence.
他没有准时完成任务，故此受到批评。
- Translation hint
- He didn't finish the task on time, therefore he was criticized.
You wouldn't usually put 故此 in the middle of the first clause or at the very end of the sentence. It needs to clearly signal the start of the consequence.
§ Mistake 3: Using it for simple cause-and-effect that isn't a 'reason'
While 故此 means 'for this reason,' it's for situations where a clear, logical reason leads to a conclusion or action. Sometimes learners try to use it for simple cause-and-effect that doesn't quite fit the 'reason' framework, or when the cause-and-effect is very direct and less about a 'reasoning process.'
天下雨了，故此我带了伞。（Less natural)
- Translation hint
- It's raining, therefore I brought an umbrella.
While not strictly 'wrong,' a simpler 所以 would be much more natural here. The act of bringing an umbrella is a direct consequence, not usually framed as 'for this reason' in a formal sense.
天下雨了，所以我带了伞。(More natural)
§ Mistake 4: Confusing it with 'hence' or 'from this' in a spatial or temporal sense
故此 is about logical consequence. Do not confuse it with words that indicate 'from here' (从此 cōngcǐ) or 'from then on' (自此 zìcǐ). While they share the '此' (cǐ - this/here/then) character, their meanings and usages are distinct.
- Definition
- 从此 (cóngcǐ): From then on; from now on.
他辞职了，从此开始了新的生活。
- Translation hint
- He resigned, and from then on began a new life.
You would not use 故此 here because it's about a temporal shift, not a logical deduction.
§ Key takeaway
故此 is a solid word for 'therefore' or 'for this reason,' especially when you want to convey a slightly more formal or emphatic logical connection. Just remember its tone and placement. When in doubt, start with 所以 or 因此 for everyday usage, and then upgrade to 故此 when the situation calls for it.
How Formal Is It?
"公司经营不善，故此需要进行裁员。(The company was poorly managed, therefore layoffs are necessary.)"
"他生病了，所以没来上课。(He was sick, so he didn't come to class.)"
"下雨了，因此我没出门。(It rained, so I didn't go out.)"
"小狗肚子饿了，于是它去找吃的。(The puppy was hungry, so it went to find something to eat.)"
"你没完成作业，这不就考砸了嘛。(You didn't finish your homework, so you flunked the test.)"
Aussprachehilfe
- Mispronouncing 'gù' as 'gǔ'
- Not distinguishing between 'cǐ' and 'chǐ'
Schwierigkeitsgrad
short
short
short
short
Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest
Voraussetzungen
Als Nächstes lernen
Fortgeschritten
Wichtige Grammatik
故此 often introduces a conclusion or result based on the preceding context. It connects two clauses, where the first clause provides the reason and the second clause states the consequence.
他生病了，故此不能来上班。(He is sick; therefore, he cannot come to work.)
It can be used in both formal and informal contexts, though it leans slightly more towards formal usage than colloquial alternatives like “所以” (suǒyǐ).
情况复杂，故此需要仔细考虑。(The situation is complex; for this reason, careful consideration is needed.)
故此 is typically placed at the beginning of the second clause, acting as a conjunction.
雨下得很大，故此我们取消了野餐。(The rain was heavy; therefore, we canceled the picnic.)
While similar to 所以 (suǒyǐ), 故此 can sometimes carry a slightly stronger or more definitive tone regarding the causal relationship.
证据确凿，故此他被判有罪。(The evidence was conclusive; for this reason, he was found guilty.)
It can be used to link sentences or clauses that express a cause-and-effect relationship.
他努力学习，故此取得了优异的成绩。(He studied hard; for this reason, he achieved excellent results.)
Beispiele nach Niveau
我生病了，故此不能去学校。
I am sick, therefore I cannot go to school.
下雨了，故此我们取消了野餐。
It's raining, for this reason we canceled the picnic.
他很忙，故此没有时间和我玩。
He is very busy, therefore he doesn't have time to play with me.
我喜欢吃苹果，故此每天都买。
I like to eat apples, for this reason I buy them every day.
作业很多，故此我需要早点睡觉。
There is a lot of homework, therefore I need to sleep early.
天气很冷，故此我穿了很多衣服。
The weather is very cold, for this reason I wore many clothes.
她很聪明，故此学习很好。
She is very smart, therefore she studies well.
我没有钱，故此不能买这个。
I don't have money, for this reason I cannot buy this.
我生病了，故此不能去学校。
I am sick, therefore I cannot go to school.
他很努力学习，故此成绩很好。
He studies very hard, for this reason his grades are very good.
天下雨了，故此我们取消了野餐。
It is raining, therefore we canceled the picnic.
她很喜欢小动物，故此家里养了很多宠物。
She likes small animals very much, for this reason she keeps many pets at home.
我很忙，故此没有时间看电影。
I am very busy, therefore I don't have time to watch movies.
这条路很滑，故此我们开车要小心。
This road is very slippery, therefore we need to drive carefully.
他不懂中文，故此我需要用英文跟他说话。
He doesn't understand Chinese, for this reason I need to speak English with him.
我很饿，故此想吃点东西。
I am very hungry, therefore I want to eat something.
我生病了，故此不能去上班。
I'm sick, therefore I can't go to work.
他很努力学习，故此成绩很好。
He studies very hard, for this reason his grades are very good.
外面下雨了，故此我们取消了野餐。
It's raining outside, therefore we canceled the picnic.
我没有钱，故此买不起那件衣服。
I don't have money, for this reason I can't afford that dress.
他忘了带钥匙，故此进不了门。
He forgot his keys, therefore he can't get in the door.
我很累了，故此想早点休息。
I'm very tired, for this reason I want to rest early.
这家店的咖啡很好喝，故此生意很好。
This shop's coffee is very good, therefore business is very good.
他从小就喜欢画画，故此成为了一名画家。
He liked drawing since he was a child, for this reason he became a painter.
我昨晚没睡好，故此今天感觉很疲倦。
I didn't sleep well last night, therefore I feel very tired today.
他对这个项目不感兴趣，故此拒绝了参与。
He wasn't interested in this project, for this reason he refused to participate.
天气预报说今天有雨，故此我们取消了野餐计划。
The weather forecast said it would rain today, therefore we canceled our picnic plans.
他工作非常努力，故此得到了老板的赏识。
He worked very hard, for this reason he gained his boss's appreciation.
时间有限，故此我们必须尽快做出决定。
Time is limited, therefore we must make a decision as soon as possible.
她生病了，故此不能来参加会议。
She is sick, for this reason she cannot attend the meeting.
这些问题非常复杂，故此需要更多时间来解决。
These problems are very complex, therefore they require more time to solve.
公司业绩不佳，故此决定进行裁员。
The company's performance was poor, for this reason it decided to lay off staff.
他病得很重，故此缺席了重要的会议。
He was very ill, therefore he missed the important meeting.
故此 connects a cause to its consequence.
这部电影剧情复杂，故此需要观众仔细思考。
The plot of this movie is complex, for this reason it requires the audience to think carefully.
故此 acts as a bridge between two clauses.
资源有限，故此我们必须节约使用。
Resources are limited, therefore we must use them sparingly.
故此 can introduce a necessary action based on a given situation.
她勤奋学习，故此成绩一直名列前茅。
She studies diligently, for this reason her grades have always been among the best.
故此 emphasizes the direct result of a preceding action or condition.
天气恶劣，故此航班被取消了。
The weather was bad, therefore the flight was cancelled.
故此 is often used in formal or written contexts.
这项任务非常艰巨，故此需要团队合作。
This task is very arduous, for this reason it requires teamwork.
故此 highlights the logical outcome of a challenge.
他多次违规，故此受到了严厉的惩罚。
He violated the rules multiple times, therefore he received a severe punishment.
故此 links an action to its deserved consequence.
时间紧迫，故此我们必须加快进度。
Time is pressing, for this reason we must speed up the progress.
故此 can indicate an urgent necessity.
Grammatikmuster
Redewendungen & Ausdrücke
"因小失大 (yīn xiǎo shī dà)"
To lose a lot for a little; to be penny-wise and pound-foolish.
他为了省几块钱，结果把重要的合同搞砸了，真是因小失大。
neutral"一举两得 (yī jǔ liǎng dé)"
To kill two birds with one stone; to achieve two things at once.
骑自行车上班既锻炼身体又环保，真是一举两得。
neutral"马到成功 (mǎ dào chéng gōng)"
To achieve immediate success; to win instant victory.
祝你这次比赛马到成功！
neutral"画蛇添足 (huà shé tiān zú)"
To draw a snake and add feet; to ruin the effect by adding something superfluous.
这篇报告已经很完美了，你再加内容就有点画蛇添足了。
neutral"对牛弹琴 (duì niú tán qín)"
To play the lute to a cow; to cast pearls before swine.
跟不懂音乐的人谈古典乐，简直是对牛弹琴。
neutral"守株待兔 (shǒu zhū dài tù)"
To stand by a stump waiting for a hare; to wait idly for opportunities.
他总是守株待兔，从不主动出击，难怪一直没有进展。
neutral"井底之蛙 (jǐng dǐ zhī wā)"
A frog in a well; a person with a limited outlook.
他只知道自己国家的事情，像个井底之蛙。
neutral"亡羊补牢 (wáng yáng bǔ láo)"
To mend the fold after the sheep are lost; to take action after a loss.
虽然损失已经造成了，但亡羊补牢，为时不晚。
neutral"拔苗助长 (bá miáo zhù zhǎng)"
To pull up seedlings to help them grow; to spoil something by excessive enthusiasm.
对孩子过度的期望只会拔苗助长，反而适得其反。
neutral"纸上谈兵 (zhǐ shàng tán bīng)"
To discuss military tactics on paper; to be an armchair strategist.
光说不练就是纸上谈兵，没有任何实际意义。
neutralSatzmuster
因为 A，故此 B。
因为下雨，故此我没去公园。 (Because it was raining, therefore I didn't go to the park.)
A。故此 B。
他生病了。故此不能来上课。 (He's sick. Therefore, he can't come to class.)
由于 A，故此 B。
由于时间很晚了，故此我们必须回家了。 (Because it's very late, therefore we must go home.)
A，故此 B。
我很累，故此想早点睡觉。 (I'm very tired, therefore I want to go to bed early.)
A。故此，B。
报告还没有完成。故此，我们还需要更多时间。 (The report isn't finished yet. Therefore, we still need more time.)
情况是这样，故此我们决定…
情况是这样，故此我们决定改变计划。 (The situation is like this, therefore we decided to change the plan.)
鉴于 A，故此 B。
鉴于目前的情况，故此我们需要采取更严格的措施。 (Given the current situation, therefore we need to take stricter measures.)
正因为 A，故此 B。
正因为你努力学习，故此才取得了这么好的成绩。 (Precisely because you studied hard, therefore you achieved such good results.)
Tipps
故此: Formal Conjunction
故此 is a more formal way to say therefore or for this reason. You'll often see it in written Chinese or more formal speeches.
Similar to 所以 (suǒyǐ)
While 故此 means therefore, it's more formal than 所以 (suǒyǐ). Think of 所以 as the everyday choice, and 故此 as the choice for more serious contexts.
Placement: Before the Consequence
Like therefore in English, 故此 comes at the beginning of the clause that expresses the consequence or result.
Example 1: Policy Explanation
政府已更改政策，故此，我们必须遵守新规定。
(The government has changed its policy, therefore, we must abide by the new regulations.)
Example 2: Business Context
市场需求增加，故此，我们决定扩大生产。
(Market demand has increased, for this reason, we decided to expand production.)
Don't Use in Casual Chat
Using 故此 in casual conversations might sound a bit stiff or overly formal. Stick to 所以 (suǒyǐ) when chatting with friends.
Written Chinese Staple
You'll encounter 故此 frequently in articles, essays, official documents, and news reports. It's a key word for understanding formal Chinese.
Practice Sentence Structure
Try forming sentences with 故此: [Reason], 故此, [Consequence]. This helps solidify its usage in your mind.
More Formal than 因而 (yīn'ér)
Even though 因而 (yīn'ér) also means therefore, 故此 is generally considered to be slightly more formal or emphatic in its tone.
Listen for It in News
Pay attention when listening to Chinese news broadcasts or official statements. You'll hear 故此 used to connect logical points and explanations.
Einprägen
Eselsbrücke
Think of 'gù cǐ' sounding a bit like 'go see'. If you 'go see' something, you often find a reason 'therefore' something else happens.
Visuelle Assoziation
Imagine a detective pointing to clues, and then dramatically saying '故此!' (gù cǐ!) before revealing the solution to the mystery. The clues are the reason, and the solution is 'therefore' the outcome.
Word Web
Herausforderung
Try to write three sentences using 故此 (gù cǐ). Focus on making sure the first part of your sentence clearly explains the reason for the second part. For example: 他病了，故此不能来上课。(Tā bìng le, gù cǐ bù néng lái shàngkè.) - He's sick, therefore he can't come to class.
Im Alltag üben
Kontexte aus dem Alltag
When explaining cause and effect in a formal context, like a presentation or a report.
- 他学习很努力，故此成绩一直很好。(He studies very hard, therefore his grades are always good.)
- 市场需求增加，故此公司决定扩大生产。(Market demand increased, for this reason the company decided to expand production.)
- 她身体不适，故此缺席了会议。(She was not feeling well, therefore she was absent from the meeting.)
In written communication, such as essays or formal letters, to connect sentences logically.
- 这项计划耗资巨大，故此需要谨慎考虑。(This plan involves huge expenses, for this reason it needs careful consideration.)
- 证据确凿，故此他被判有罪。(The evidence was conclusive, therefore he was found guilty.)
- 时间紧迫，故此我们必须加快进度。(Time is pressing, for this reason we must speed up.)
When providing a summary or conclusion that follows from previous points.
- 以上事实表明，故此我们应该采取行动。(The above facts show, therefore we should take action.)
- 各种迹象都指向这一点，故此我们可以得出结论。(All signs point to this, therefore we can draw a conclusion.)
- 分析结果显示，故此我们有必要调整策略。(The analysis results show, for this reason it is necessary to adjust our strategy.)
In historical or academic texts to link events or ideas.
- 社会结构发生变化，故此产生了新的艺术形式。(Social structures changed, for this reason new art forms emerged.)
- 科技进步迅速，故此对人类生活产生了深远影响。(Technological progress is rapid, therefore it has had a profound impact on human life.)
- 资源日益匮乏，故此节约成为当务之急。(Resources are increasingly scarce, for this reason conservation has become an urgent priority.)
When stating a consequence or outcome directly related to a preceding action or situation.
- 他违反了规定，故此受到了惩罚。(He violated the rules, therefore he was punished.)
- 天气恶劣，故此航班被取消了。(The weather was bad, for this reason the flight was cancelled.)
- 大家一致同意，故此决定立即执行。(Everyone unanimously agreed, therefore the decision was executed immediately.)
Gesprächseinstiege
"你最近有没有因为某个原因，故此改变了原有的计划？(Have you recently changed your original plans for a certain reason, therefore? )"
"在你的工作中，有没有遇到过因为某个问题，故此需要重新评估整个项目的情况？(In your work, have you encountered situations where because of a certain problem, therefore you needed to re-evaluate the entire project?)"
"你认为，全球变暖的主要原因是什么，故此我们应该如何应对？(What do you think are the main reasons for global warming, therefore how should we respond?)"
"有没有因为一次特别的经历，故此你的观念发生了很大的转变？(Has there been a special experience because of which, therefore your views have changed a lot?)"
"你觉得，在学习中文的过程中，最常遇到的挑战是什么，故此你会怎么解决？(What do you think are the most common challenges encountered in the process of learning Chinese, therefore how would you solve them?)"
Tagebuch-Impulse
描述一次你因为一个重要决定，故此生活发生了重大变化。(Describe a time when because of an important decision, therefore your life changed significantly.)
思考一个社会问题，分析其原因，故此提出你的解决方案。(Think about a social problem, analyze its causes, therefore propose your solutions.)
回顾你最近的一个成功，写下促成成功的因素，故此总结经验。(Review one of your recent successes, write down the contributing factors, therefore summarize your experience.)
想象未来十年，世界会发生哪些重大变化，故此这些变化将如何影响我们？(Imagine the next ten years, what major changes will happen in the world, therefore how will these changes affect us?)
选择一个你感兴趣的历史事件，分析其前因后果，故此谈谈你从中得到的启示。(Choose a historical event that interests you, analyze its causes and effects, therefore talk about the insights you gained from it.)
Teste dich selbst 114 Fragen
Choose the correct word to complete the sentence: 他很忙，____他不能来。
The sentence means 'He is very busy, therefore he cannot come.' '所以' means 'so/therefore'.
Which word means 'therefore' or 'so'?
所以 (suǒyǐ) is a common word for 'therefore' or 'so' in Chinese.
Complete the sentence: 我喜欢吃苹果，____我每天都吃。
The sentence means 'I like to eat apples, therefore I eat them every day.' '所以' fits best.
The word '所以' can be used to show a result.
'所以' means 'so' or 'therefore', indicating a consequence or result.
'因为' and '所以' have the same meaning.
'因为' means 'because' (reason), while '所以' means 'therefore' (result). They are related but not the same.
You can use '所以' to connect two unrelated sentences.
'所以' connects a cause and its effect. The sentences must be related.
Listen and understand 'hello'.
Listen and understand 'thank you'.
Listen and understand 'goodbye'.
Read this aloud:
你好
Focus: nǐ hǎo
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
谢谢
Focus: xiè xie
Du hast gesagt:
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Read this aloud:
再见
Focus: zài jiàn
Du hast gesagt:
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You want to say 'Therefore, I like China.' How would you write this in Chinese? Use a simple sentence.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
所以，我喜欢中国。
You are explaining why you are happy. You want to say 'I have a new book, therefore I am happy.' Write this in Chinese.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
我有一本新书，所以我很高兴。
Your friend asks why you are going home. You want to say 'It's late, therefore I am going home.' Write this in Chinese.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
时间晚了，所以我要回家。
为什么我不能去买东西？ (Why can't I go shopping?)
Read this passage:
今天是星期天，商店关门了。所以，我不能去买东西。
为什么我不能去买东西？ (Why can't I go shopping?)
文章中说'商店关门了。所以，我不能去买东西。' (The passage says 'The store is closed. Therefore, I can't go shopping.')
文章中说'商店关门了。所以，我不能去买东西。' (The passage says 'The store is closed. Therefore, I can't go shopping.')
我为什么要区公园？ (Why am I going to the park?)
Read this passage:
天气很好，我喜欢出去玩。所以，我要去公园。
我为什么要区公园？ (Why am I going to the park?)
文章中说'天气很好，我喜欢出去玩。所以，我要去公园。' (The passage says 'The weather is good, I like to go out and play. Therefore, I am going to the park.')
文章中说'天气很好，我喜欢出去玩。所以，我要去公园。' (The passage says 'The weather is good, I like to go out and play. Therefore, I am going to the park.')
她为什么不能来？ (Why can't she come?)
Read this passage:
她很忙，她有很多工作。所以，她不能来。
她为什么不能来？ (Why can't she come?)
文章中说'她很忙，她有很多工作。所以，她不能来。' (The passage says 'She is very busy, she has a lot of work. Therefore, she cannot come.')
文章中说'她很忙，她有很多工作。所以，她不能来。' (The passage says 'She is very busy, she has a lot of work. Therefore, she cannot come.')
This sentence means 'He is a student.' The correct order is Subject-Verb-Object.
This sentence means 'I love Beijing.' The correct order is Subject-Verb-Object.
This sentence means 'How are you?' It's a common greeting.
她病了，___ 不能来上课。
The sentence means 'She is sick, so she cannot come to class.' '所以' (suǒyǐ) means 'so' or 'therefore', which fits the causal relationship.
外面下雨了，___ 我不想出去。
The sentence means 'It's raining outside, therefore I don't want to go out.' '因此' (yīncǐ) also means 'therefore' and is a good fit here.
他很忙，___ 没时间吃饭。
The sentence means 'He is very busy, so he has no time to eat.' '所以' (suǒyǐ) indicates the consequence.
我喜欢看书，___ 常常去图书馆。
The sentence means 'I like reading books, therefore I often go to the library.' '因此' (yīncǐ) explains the reason for going to the library.
天气很冷，___ 大家都不想出门。
The sentence means 'The weather is very cold, so everyone doesn't want to go out.' '所以' (suǒyǐ) links the cause (cold weather) to the effect (not wanting to go out).
他学习很努力，___ 成绩很好。
The sentence means 'He studies very hard, therefore his grades are very good.' '因此' (yīncǐ) shows the result of his hard work.
Write a simple sentence explaining why you like a certain food, using “故此” to introduce the reason. (e.g., '我喜欢吃苹果，故此我每天都吃一个。' - I like to eat apples, therefore I eat one every day.)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
我喜欢喝茶，故此我每天都喝茶。(I like to drink tea, therefore I drink tea every day.)
Complete the following sentence using “故此”: 她很忙，___。
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
她很忙，故此没有时间看电影。(She is very busy, therefore she has no time to watch movies.)
Write a sentence about something you need to do, and then use “故此” to state why. (e.g., '我需要学习中文，故此我每天都练习。' - I need to study Chinese, therefore I practice every day.)
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
我需要买书，故此我去商店。(I need to buy books, therefore I go to the store.)
为什么“我”没去公园？(Why did 'I' not go to the park?)
Read this passage:
今天下雨了，故此我没去公园。我在家看书。 (It rained today, therefore I didn't go to the park. I read a book at home.)
为什么“我”没去公园？(Why did 'I' not go to the park?)
文章中明确提到“今天下雨了，故此我没去公园。”(The passage clearly states 'It rained today, therefore I didn't go to the park.')
文章中明确提到“今天下雨了，故此我没去公园。”(The passage clearly states 'It rained today, therefore I didn't go to the park.')
他为什么不能来上课？(Why can't he come to class?)
Read this passage:
他生病了，故此不能来上课。老师让他好好休息。 (He is sick, therefore he cannot come to class. The teacher told him to rest well.)
他为什么不能来上课？(Why can't he come to class?)
文章中提到“他生病了，故此不能来上课。” (The passage states 'He is sick, therefore he cannot come to class.')
文章中提到“他生病了，故此不能来上课。” (The passage states 'He is sick, therefore he cannot come to class.')
“我”的身体为什么很好？(Why is 'my' body very good?)
Read this passage:
我喜欢吃水果，故此我每天都吃很多水果。我的身体很好。 (I like to eat fruit, therefore I eat a lot of fruit every day. My body is very good.)
“我”的身体为什么很好？(Why is 'my' body very good?)
文章中提到“我喜欢吃水果，故此我每天都吃很多水果。我的身体很好。” (The passage states 'I like to eat fruit, therefore I eat a lot of fruit every day. My body is very good.')
文章中提到“我喜欢吃水果，故此我每天都吃很多水果。我的身体很好。” (The passage states 'I like to eat fruit, therefore I eat a lot of fruit every day. My body is very good.')
The correct order is 'He is very diligent, therefore he is very happy.'
The correct order is 'The rain was heavy, therefore I didn't go.'
The correct order is 'She learns quickly, therefore she is very good.'
他没有完成作业，___ 老师很生气。
这句话表示因果关系，'因此'（故此）表示因为前者的原因，所以老师很生气。
天气预报说今天有雨，___ 我带了伞。
'故此'在这里表示“因此”，因为下雨，所以我带了伞。
他学习很努力，___ 他的成绩一直很好。
这里表示努力学习是好成绩的原因，使用'因此'（故此）连接。
我们没有提前预定，___ 没买到票。
因为没有提前预定，所以没买到票，'故此'表示这个因果。
这个饭馆很受欢迎，___ 常常需要排队。
受欢迎是原因，需要排队是结果，用'故此'连接。
她感冒了，___ 不能去参加聚会。
感冒是不能去聚会的原因，'所以'（故此）表示这个因果关系。
她病得很重，_____ 不能上班。
故此 (gùcǐ) means 'therefore' or 'for this reason', fitting the cause-and-effect relationship. 所以 (suǒyǐ) is similar but 故此 is a bit more formal.
这部电影很感人，_____ 很多人都哭了。
故此 (gùcǐ) implies a direct consequence, making it the best fit. 因而 (yīn'ér) is also 'thus' but 故此 is a strong, direct 'for this reason'.
他考试不及格，_____ 必须重修这门课。
故此 (gùcǐ) clearly states the reason for the subsequent action. The other options introduce contrasts or mild turns.
句子：“天气很冷，故此，我穿了一件厚外套。” 是正确的。
是的，'故此' (gùcǐ)在这里表示因果关系，说明因为天气冷，所以穿了厚外套。
在句中，“我喜欢吃苹果，故此，我喜欢吃梨子。” “故此”用得对。
不，'故此' (gùcǐ) 表示“因此”或“所以”，但喜欢苹果不必然导致喜欢梨子，两者之间没有直接的因果关系。
“故此” (gùcǐ) 可以用来连接两个没有因果关系的句子。
不，'故此' (gùcǐ) 专门用于表示因果关系，前面是原因，后面是结果。它不能用来连接没有因果关系的句子。
He is sick, therefore he cannot come to class.
The weather is too cold, therefore we canceled the picnic.
He studied hard, therefore he passed the exam.
Read this aloud:
她很忙，故此没有时间。
Focus: gù cǐ
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
我很喜欢中国菜，故此经常去中餐馆。
Focus: gù cǐ
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
他没有钱，故此不能买新衣服。
Focus: gù cǐ
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
This sentence uses '故此' to connect the reason (he is sick) with the result (cannot go to school).
'故此' introduces the consequence of the cold weather, which is wearing many clothes.
Here, '故此' links the reason (too much homework) to the outcome (no time to play).
Choose the best word to complete the sentence: 他学习很刻苦，_______ 成绩一直很好。
The sentence indicates a cause-and-effect relationship: because he studies diligently, his grades are always good. '故此' (gùcǐ) means 'therefore' or 'for this reason' and fits perfectly.
Which of the following sentences correctly uses "故此"?
'故此' introduces the consequence of a preceding cause. Option A correctly uses '故此' to link being very sick (cause) to not being able to go to work (effect). The other options misuse the word.
Complete the sentence: 天气预报说今天有大雨，_______ 我们取消了户外活动。
The first part of the sentence states the reason (heavy rain forecast), and '故此' introduces the resulting action (canceling outdoor activities). '故此' and '所以' (suǒyǐ) are similar here, but '故此' is often used in slightly more formal contexts.
The sentence '他迟到了，故此受到了批评。' (Tā chídàole, gùcǐ shòudàole pīpíng.) (He was late, therefore he received criticism.) correctly uses 故此.
The sentence correctly uses '故此' to show that being late was the reason for receiving criticism, establishing a clear cause-and-effect relationship.
In the sentence '我喜欢吃水果，故此不喜欢吃蔬菜。' (Wǒ xǐhuān chī shuǐguǒ, gùcǐ bù xǐhuān chī shūcài.) (I like to eat fruit, therefore I don't like to eat vegetables.), '故此' is used correctly.
'故此' introduces a consequence directly caused by the preceding statement. Liking fruit doesn't necessarily mean one dislikes vegetables, so there isn't a direct cause-and-effect relationship for '故此' here.
The phrase '故此' can often be replaced by '因此' (yīncǐ) without significantly changing the meaning in many contexts.
'故此' and '因此' are very similar in meaning, both translating to 'therefore' or 'for this reason', and are often interchangeable in formal contexts.
The speaker is explaining why someone is absent from class.
The speaker is talking about a change in plans due to difficulties.
The speaker is describing why a restaurant is popular.
Read this aloud:
他非常努力，故此取得了成功。
Focus: 故此 (gù cǐ)
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
天气很冷，故此请多穿衣服。
Focus: 故此 (gù cǐ)
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
我们达成了共识，故此合作会很顺利。
Focus: 故此 (gù cǐ)
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
她连续熬夜，___ 身体状况日益下降。(She stayed up late for several nights in a row, ___ her health deteriorated daily.)
故此 (gùcǐ) means 'therefore' or 'for this reason', fitting the cause and effect relationship in the sentence.
项目资金不足，___ 我们不得不削减开支。(Project funding is insufficient, ___ we had to cut expenses.)
故此 (gùcǐ) indicates a consequence or result, which is appropriate given the funding shortage.
当地居民强烈反对这项计划，___ 政府决定重新评估。(Local residents strongly opposed this plan, ___ the government decided to re-evaluate.)
故此 (gùcǐ) correctly links the strong opposition to the government's decision to re-evaluate.
天气预报说今天有大雨，___ 建议大家出行携带雨具。(The weather forecast says there will be heavy rain today, ___ everyone is advised to carry rain gear when going out.)
故此 (gùcǐ) is a formal way to express 'therefore' or 'for this reason', explaining the advice based on the weather forecast.
他工作认真负责，表现突出，___ 获得了晋升的机会。(He works conscientiously and responsibly, with outstanding performance, ___ he got the opportunity for promotion.)
故此 (gùcǐ) clearly states that his excellent work ethic led to his promotion.
公司面临严重的经济危机，___ 不得不裁员以求生存。(The company is facing a severe economic crisis, ___ it has to lay off employees to survive.)
故此 (gùcǐ) expresses the direct consequence of the economic crisis, which is the need for layoffs.
Choose the best word to complete the sentence: 他学习非常刻苦，_______ 取得了优异的成绩。
The sentence indicates a cause-and-effect relationship. '故此' (therefore) correctly connects 'studying diligently' with 'achieving excellent results.' '然而' (however) implies contrast, '虽然' (although) indicates concession, and '因为' (because) introduces a reason, not a consequence.
Which sentence uses '故此' correctly?
'故此' introduces a consequence or conclusion. In option A, '我很忙' is the reason, and '去不了' is the consequence. The other options use '故此' incorrectly; it requires a preceding reason.
Select the sentence where '故此' can be replaced by '因此' without changing the meaning.
'故此' and '因此' are synonyms meaning 'therefore' or 'for this reason'. In all these sentences, they can be used interchangeably to express a causal relationship.
The sentence '他生病了，故此没有来上班。' correctly uses '故此'.
The sentence is correct. '他生病了' (He is sick) is the reason, and '没有来上班' (did not come to work) is the consequence, appropriately linked by '故此' (therefore).
'故此' is typically used to introduce a cause, not a result.
'故此' is used to introduce a result or consequence, meaning 'therefore' or 'for this reason.' It follows the cause.
You can use '故此' at the very beginning of a conversation without any preceding context.
'故此' functions as a conjunction that connects a previous statement (reason) with a subsequent statement (consequence). It requires a preceding context to make sense.
The sentence structure is [Reason], 故此 [Result]. '他工作多' (He has a lot of work) is the reason, and '很忙' (is very busy) is the result.
The sentence structure is [Reason], 故此 [Result]. '她身体不舒服' (She is not feeling well) is the reason, and '没有来' (did not come) is the result.
The sentence structure is [Reason], 故此 [Result]. '雨很大' (The rain is heavy) is the reason, and '我们取消了活动' (we canceled the event) is the result. Note the addition of '了' for completed action.
她迟到了，___ 错过了开幕式。
‘故此’ 表示因果关系，说明因为迟到所以错过了开幕式。
这家公司产品质量很高，___ 备受市场青睐。
‘故此’ 在这里表示由于产品质量高这个原因，所以受到了市场的喜爱。
他工作勤奋，表现出色，___ 获得了晋升机会。
‘故此’ 和 ‘因此’ 在表示因果关系时可以互换。这个句子中，勤奋工作和出色表现是获得晋升机会的原因。
因为天气恶劣，故此航班被取消了。
“故此”在此表示结果，天气恶劣是航班取消的原因。
他非常努力，故此他失败了。
“故此”表示因果关系，努力通常会带来成功，而不是失败。这里使用“故此”不符合逻辑。
她一直认真学习，故此考试取得了优异的成绩。
“故此”在此表示结果，认真学习是取得优异成绩的原因。
The company is facing a severe financial crisis, therefore it has to lay off employees.
He put a lot of effort into this research, therefore he made groundbreaking progress.
In order to protect the environment, therefore we should reduce plastic use.
Read this aloud:
鉴于目前的情况，故此我们需要重新评估我们的策略。
Focus: 故此 (gùcǐ)
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
由于交通堵塞严重，故此我迟到了。
Focus: 故此 (gùcǐ)
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
他的论点缺乏证据，故此难以令人信服。
Focus: 故此 (gùcǐ)
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
You are writing a formal report on the environmental impact of a new factory. Use “故此” to connect a cause (the factory's emissions) with its effect (air pollution).
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
该工厂的废气排放量远超国家标准，故此，周边地区的空气污染问题日益严重，对居民健康造成威胁。
Describe a complex problem you've encountered and the logical conclusion you drew from it, using “故此” to introduce your conclusion.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
项目初期由于缺乏经验，团队在资源分配上出现了严重偏差。经过数月的调整和优化，我们认识到提前规划的重要性，故此，未来的项目必须在启动前进行详尽的资源评估。
Explain a historical event or scientific phenomenon, using “故此” to link a preceding condition or action to its inevitable outcome.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
在19世纪工业革命时期，大规模的煤炭燃烧导致了严重的温室气体排放，故此，全球气候变暖的趋势从那时起便开始显现，并持续至今。
根据文章，政府出台政策的原因是什么？
Read this passage:
近来，全球经济下行压力增大，市场需求持续疲软。许多企业面临订单减少、利润下滑的困境，甚至不得不裁员以求生存。故此，政府正在积极研究并出台一系列刺激经济增长的政策措施，希望能够扭转当前的不利局面。
根据文章，政府出台政策的原因是什么？
文章中明确指出“近来，全球经济下行压力增大，市场需求持续疲软。许多企业面临订单减少、利润下滑的困境，甚至不得不裁员以求生存”，然后用“故此”引出政府的行动，表明政府是为了应对这些不利局面。
文章中明确指出“近来，全球经济下行压力增大，市场需求持续疲软。许多企业面临订单减少、利润下滑的困境，甚至不得不裁员以求生存”，然后用“故此”引出政府的行动，表明政府是为了应对这些不利局面。
文章中“故此”连接了什么关系？
Read this passage:
某项研究发现，长期熬夜会导致人体免疫力显著下降，增加患感冒、流感等疾病的风险。此外，睡眠不足还会影响注意力和记忆力，降低工作和学习效率。故此，保持充足的睡眠对于维护身体健康和提升认知能力至关重要。
文章中“故此”连接了什么关系？
“故此”在此处表示“因为熬夜和睡眠不足会导致一系列负面影响，所以保持充足睡眠非常重要”，连接的是原因和结果。
“故此”在此处表示“因为熬夜和睡眠不足会导致一系列负面影响，所以保持充足睡眠非常重要”，连接的是原因和结果。
根据文章，为什么制定法律法规和行业标准是当务之急？
Read this passage:
随着科技的飞速发展，人工智能技术在各个领域得到了广泛应用，极大地改变了人们的生活方式。然而，随之而来的数据隐私和伦理道德问题也日益突出，引发了社会各界的广泛关注。故此，制定完善的法律法规和行业标准，以规范人工智能的发展和应用，已成为当务之急。
根据文章，为什么制定法律法规和行业标准是当务之急？
文章在“故此”之前提到“随之而来的数据隐私和伦理道德问题也日益突出，引发了社会各界的广泛关注”，表明这是制定法律法规的直接原因。
文章在“故此”之前提到“随之而来的数据隐私和伦理道德问题也日益突出，引发了社会各界的广泛关注”，表明这是制定法律法规的直接原因。
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Perfect score!
故此: Formal Conjunction
故此 is a more formal way to say therefore or for this reason. You'll often see it in written Chinese or more formal speeches.
Similar to 所以 (suǒyǐ)
While 故此 means therefore, it's more formal than 所以 (suǒyǐ). Think of 所以 as the everyday choice, and 故此 as the choice for more serious contexts.
Placement: Before the Consequence
Like therefore in English, 故此 comes at the beginning of the clause that expresses the consequence or result.
Example 1: Policy Explanation
政府已更改政策，故此，我们必须遵守新规定。
(The government has changed its policy, therefore, we must abide by the new regulations.)
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废弃
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恪守
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反常
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配件
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