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A2 verb #2,500 am häufigsten 4 Min. Lesezeit

散步

sanbu
At the A1 level, '散步' (sànbù) is introduced as a basic activity verb. Students learn it as a single unit meaning 'to take a walk.' The focus is on simple sentences like 'I like to walk' (我喜欢散步) or 'He is walking' (他在散步). At this stage, learners are not expected to master the separable verb rules, but they should recognize the word in the context of daily routines and hobbies. It is often taught alongside other simple activities like 跑步 (running) or 游泳 (swimming).
At the A2 level, learners begin to use '散步' with locations and basic time expressions. You will learn to say 'I go to the park to walk' (我去公园散步). This is also where the 'separable' nature of the verb is first introduced. You might encounter sentences like '散散步' (take a little walk) where the verb is reduplicated to show a casual, short duration. Understanding that '散步' is for leisure, not for commuting, is a key distinction at this level.
By B1, you should be comfortable splitting the verb. You will use it to describe habits and health benefits. For example, 'Walking after meals is good for your health' (饭后散步对健康有好处). You will also start using duration markers correctly, such as '散了半个小时步' (walked for half an hour). Learners at this level should be able to distinguish '散步' from '走路' (walking as a mode of transport) and '逛街' (shopping/strolling the streets).
At the B2 level, '散步' is used in more complex sentence structures, including those involving resultative complements or specific moods. You might describe the atmosphere of a walk: '我们在海边悠闲地散步' (We strolled leisurely by the seaside). You will also encounter it in more formal written contexts, discussing urban planning (e.g., the need for more walking paths) or lifestyle balance. The nuances between '散步' and '漫步' (poetic strolling) become more relevant here.
At the C1 level, '散步' appears in literary texts and sophisticated discussions about philosophy or mental health. It might be used metaphorically—for instance, a 'stroll through history' or 'strolling through one's thoughts.' You will understand the cultural weight of the term in Chinese literature, where a walk often serves as a backdrop for deep conversation or internal monologue. Your usage should be flawless, including complex separable structures and idiomatic pairings.
At the C2 level, you possess a native-like grasp of '散步.' You can appreciate the subtle differences in tone when a writer chooses '散步' over '闲逛' or '信步.' You can use the term in academic papers regarding sociology (the 'flâneur' concept in a Chinese context) or in high-level creative writing. You are also familiar with obscure idioms or classical references that involve the act of walking for contemplation.
Jetzt üben Beispiele Notizen & Tipps

散步 in 30 Sekunden

  • 散步 (sànbù) means to take a leisurely walk or stroll, primarily for health or relaxation.
  • It is a separable verb (离合词), meaning duration and markers are placed between '散' and '步'.
  • Commonly used in '饭后散步' (walking after meals), a traditional Chinese health practice.
  • Differs from 走路 (walking for transport) and 逛街 (walking for shopping).

The Chinese term 散步 (sànbù) is a quintessential verb-object compound that captures the essence of leisure and physical well-being. At its core, it translates to 'to take a walk' or 'to stroll.' The first character, 散 (sàn), carries the meaning of 'to scatter,' 'to disperse,' or 'to break up.' In this context, it refers to the act of relaxing the mind and body, letting go of tension, or 'scattering' one's worries. The second character, 步 (bù), simply means 'step' or 'pace.' Together, they describe a movement that is not driven by a specific destination or a sense of urgency, but rather by the process of movement itself.

Literal Breakdown
散 (Disperse/Relax) + 步 (Steps) = To relax through stepping.
Cultural Nuance
In Chinese culture, 散步 is often associated with health and longevity, particularly the practice of 'walking after a meal' (饭后百步走).
Grammar Category
It is a 离合词 (líhécí), or separable verb, which significantly affects how it interacts with durations and objects.

“我们去公园散步吧。” (Let's go for a walk in the park.)

Example of standard usage in a suggestion.

Unlike 'walking' (走路 - zǒulù), which is a neutral term for the physical act of moving on foot, 散步 implies a specific mood. It is slow, intentional, and usually done for pleasure or exercise. You wouldn't use 散步 to describe walking to the bus stop because you're late; you use it for that peaceful hour after dinner or a Sunday morning in the woods. It evokes images of elderly couples holding hands, families in public squares, or individuals reflecting on their day.

Visualizing the characters: 散 looks like pieces falling apart, and 步 shows two feet moving forward. It's the perfect visual for 'letting go while moving'.

Using 散步 correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical structure as a **separable verb (离合词)**. This means the verb part (散) and the object part (步) can split to accommodate other words like duration, frequency, or aspect markers.

  • Basic Usage: Subject + (Place) + 散步.
    Example: 我每天在公园散步。 (I walk in the park every day.)
  • With Duration: You must insert the time between 散 and 步.
    Example: 我们散了一个小时步。 (We walked for an hour.)
  • With Aspect Markers: Markers like 了 (le) or 过 (guò) usually follow 散.
    Example: 他散过步了。 (He has already taken a walk.)
With 'Together'
我们一块儿去散步。 (We go for a walk together.)
With 'Purpose'
散步对身体好。 (Walking is good for the body.)

It is important to note that 散步 cannot take a direct object. You cannot '散步 the dog' in the same way you 'walk the dog' in English. For that, you would use 遛狗 (liùgǒu). However, you can say '带着狗去散步' (taking the dog to go for a walk).

“晚饭后，散散步，活到九十九。”
— A famous Chinese proverb about the health benefits of walking after dinner.

You will encounter 散步 in a variety of social and domestic settings. It is a staple of daily conversation in China, reflecting the lifestyle of many urban and rural residents.

1

In the Home: Family members often suggest a walk after dinner to aid digestion (消食 - xiāoshí). You'll hear: '我们要不要出去散散步？' (Shall we go out for a walk?)

2

In Parks and Public Squares: This is the primary location for 散步. You'll see thousands of people, from young couples to the elderly, engaging in this activity. It's a social hub.

3

Health & Medical Contexts: Doctors frequently recommend 散步 as a low-impact exercise for patients recovering from illness or for general fitness maintenance.

Avoid these frequent pitfalls when using 散步:

  • Mistake 1: Treating it as a transitive verb.

    Incorrect: 我散步我的狗。 (I walk my dog.)
    Correct: 我去遛狗。 or 我带着狗去散步。

  • Mistake 2: Incorrect duration placement.

    Incorrect: 我们散步了两个小时。
    Correct: 我们散了两个小时步。

  • Mistake 3: Confusing it with 'walking' as transportation.

    If you are walking to school because the bus broke down, use 走路 (zǒulù). 散步 is only for leisure.

Grammar Rule: Verb + Duration + Object
散 (Verb) + 一个小时 (Duration) + 步 (Object)

Chinese has several words for 'walking' or 'strolling,' each with a distinct nuance:

1. 走路 (zǒulù)
The neutral, general term for walking. Focuses on the physical action or mode of transport.
2. 逛街 (guàngjiē)
Specifically means 'window shopping' or strolling through streets/malls with the intent to look at shops.
3. 漫步 (mànbù)
A more poetic or literary term for strolling. Often used in romantic or descriptive writing (e.g., 'strolling under the moonlight').
4. 溜达 (liūda)
Colloquial (Northern China). Means to wander around aimlessly or take a casual stroll. Very informal.

How Formal Is It?

Formell

""

Informell

""

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Wichtige Grammatik

Beispiele nach Niveau

1

我喜欢散步。

I like walking.

Simple Subject + Verb.

2

他在散步。

He is taking a walk.

Progressive aspect with 在.

3

我们要去散步吗？

Are we going for a walk?

Question with 吗.

4

爸爸每天散步。

Dad walks every day.

Frequency word 每天.

5

公园里有很多人在散步。

There are many people walking in the park.

Existential sentence with 有.

6

我不喜欢散步。

I don't like walking.

Negative with 不.

7

老师在散步。

The teacher is walking.

Subject + 在 + Verb.

8

散步很好。

Walking is good.

Verb as a noun subject.

1

我们去公园散步吧。

Let's go for a walk in the park.

Suggestion with 吧.

2

我每天晚上散散步。

I take a little walk every evening.

Reduplication 散散步 for casualness.

3

我和妈妈一起散步。

I walk together with my mom.

Structure: A 和 B 一起 + Verb.

4

这里很适合散步。

This place is very suitable for walking.

Adjective 适合 + Verb.

5

散步以后我很舒服。

I feel very comfortable after walking.

Time phrase: Verb + 以后.

6

你想去哪里散步？

Where do you want to go for a walk?

Question with 哪里.

7

他在河边散步。

He is walking by the river.

Location: 在 + Place + Verb.

8

外面太冷了，不要去散步。

It's too cold outside, don't go for a walk.

Negative command with 不要.

1

医生建议我每天散半个小时步。

The doctor suggested I walk for half an hour every day.

Separable verb with duration: 散 + duration + 步.

2

饭后散步对消化有好处。

Walking after meals is good for digestion.

Structure: 对...有好处 (good for...).

3

虽然下雨了，但他还是去散步了。

Although it rained, he still went for a walk.

Conjunction: 虽然...但是/还是.

4

我习惯在吃完晚饭后去散步。

I am used to going for a walk after finishing dinner.

Verb 习惯 + action.

5

散步的时候，我们可以聊聊天。

While walking, we can chat.

...的时候 (while/when).

6

他散了一会儿步就回家了。

He walked for a while and then went home.

Separable verb with 一会儿.

7

比起跑步，我更喜欢散步。

Compared to running, I prefer walking.

Comparison: 比起 A, 我更喜欢 B.

8

散步是一种很好的放松方式。

Walking is a very good way to relax.

Noun phrase: ...的方式.

1

夕阳西下，我们在海滩上悠闲地散步。

As the sun set, we strolled leisurely on the beach.

Adverbial 悠闲地 (leisurely).

2

他一边散步，一边思考着那个难题。

He was walking while thinking about that difficult problem.

Simultaneous actions: 一边...一边...

3

这个公园的步道非常适合市民散步健身。

The paths in this park are very suitable for citizens to walk and keep fit.

Compound purpose: 散步健身.

4

哪怕工作再忙，他也会抽时间去散散步。

No matter how busy work is, he will still find time to take a walk.

Conjunction: 哪怕...也...

5

散步不仅能锻炼身体，还能缓解压力。

Walking not only exercises the body but also relieves stress.

Not only... but also: 不仅...还...

6

我们沿着林荫小道散了很久的步。

We walked for a long time along the tree-lined path.

Separable verb with 很久.

7

他喜欢独自散步，享受那份宁静。

He likes to walk alone and enjoy that tranquility.

Adverb 独自 (alone).

8

这片住宅区周围有很多可以散步的地方。

There are many places to walk around this residential area.

Relative clause: 可以散步的地方.

1

在这座古老的城市里散步，仿佛穿越了时空。

Strolling through this ancient city feels like traveling through time.

Simile: 仿佛 (as if).

2

他经常在深夜的街道上散步，寻找创作灵感。

He often walks the streets late at night, looking for creative inspiration.

Contextual usage for artistic pursuit.

3

散步不仅是身体的位移，更是心灵的远足。

Walking is not just a physical displacement, but a hike for the soul.

Philosophical parallel structure: 不仅是...更是...

4

他在园林中信步而行，领略着移步换景的奇妙。

He strolled through the garden, appreciating the wonder of changing scenery with every step.

Advanced vocabulary: 信步而行 (stroll aimlessly).

5

这种悠然自得的散步状态，正是现代人所缺失的。

This leisurely and carefree state of walking is exactly what modern people lack.

Passive/Relative structure: ...所缺失的.

6

每当心情烦躁时，他总会去湖边散散步以平复情绪。

Whenever he feels irritable, he always goes for a walk by the lake to calm his emotions.

Purpose clause: 以 + verb.

7

散步的节奏往往能反映出一个人的性格特征。

The rhythm of one's walk often reflects their personality traits.

Abstract subject: 散步的节奏.

8

他在细雨中漫无目的地散步，任凭雨水打湿衣襟。

He walked aimlessly in the drizzle, letting the rain soak his clothes.

Advanced phrase: 漫无目的地 (aimlessly).

1

他在康河的柔波里，在星辉斑斓里放歌，抑或只是静默散步。

In the gentle waves of the River Cam, singing in the starlight, or perhaps just walking in silence.

Literary allusion (Xu Zhimo style).

2

散步之于他，已然成为一种近乎宗教仪式的每日必修课。

Walking, for him, has already become a daily requirement akin to a religious ritual.

Structure: A 之于 B (A to B).

3

他通过散步来梳理纷乱的思绪，在方寸之间寻找宇宙的真谛。

He uses walking to sort through his chaotic thoughts, seeking the truth of the universe within a small space.

Metaphorical usage: 方寸之间 (small space/heart).

4

这种在城市边缘的散步，实则是对工业文明的一种无声反抗。

This strolling on the edge of the city is actually a silent rebellion against industrial civilization.

Sociological commentary style.

5

他在文字的丛林里散步，偶尔摘得一两朵思想的奇葩。

He strolls through the jungle of words, occasionally picking one or two exotic flowers of thought.

Highly metaphorical/literary.

6

散步时的那份淡泊与宁静，是任何物质享受都无法比拟的。

The indifference to fame and the tranquility during a walk cannot be compared to any material enjoyment.

Comparison: ...是...无法比拟的.

7

他在历史的长河岸边散步，静观王朝的兴衰更迭。

He strolls along the banks of the long river of history, quietly observing the rise and fall of dynasties.

Grand historical metaphor.

8

散步不仅是一种身体的舒展，更是一种哲学意义上的自我放逐。

Walking is not only a physical stretching, but also a self-exile in a philosophical sense.

Complex abstract definition.

Häufige Kollokationen

去散步
在公园散步
散散步
饭后散步
悠闲地散步
独自散步
散了一会儿步
经常散步
陪老人散步
散步的小径

Häufige Phrasen

饭后百步走

散步消食

出去散步

一块儿散步

每天散步

喜欢散步

散步回来

沿着湖散步

在林间散步

散步健身

Wird oft verwechselt mit

散步 vs 走路

散步 vs 跑步

散步 vs 逛街

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

Leicht verwechselbar

散步 vs

散步 vs

散步 vs

散步 vs

散步 vs

Satzmuster

Wortfamilie

Verwandt

So verwendest du es

Note 1

Never say '散步狗' (walk the dog). Use '遛狗'.

Note 2

It is a very positive word; it doesn't imply exhaustion.

Note 3

In the North, '溜达' is often used instead of '散步' in spoken language.

Häufige Fehler
  • Using 散步 to mean 'walking the dog'.
  • Saying '散步一个小时' instead of '散了一个小时步'.
  • Using it to describe walking to work in a hurry.
  • Putting the location after the verb (e.g., 散步在公园).
  • Mispronouncing the tones as 3rd-3rd instead of 4th-4th.

Tipps

Separable Verb Rule

Always remember that 散步 is a verb-object compound. This means '散' is the action and '步' is the object. Treat it like 'eat food'.

Health First

If you want to impress Chinese friends, mention '饭后散步'. It shows you understand Chinese health philosophy.

Reduplication

Use '散散步' to sound more relaxed. It's like saying 'take a little stroll' instead of 'take a walk'.

Tone Accuracy

Make sure to hit the 4th tone hard on both characters. If you say 'sānbù' (1st tone), it sounds like 'three steps'.

Location First

In Chinese, you usually say the location before the action: '在公园散步', not '散步在公园'.

Context Clues

If you hear '饭后' (after meal), the next word is almost certainly '散步'.

Inviting Others

Saying '我们去散散步吧' is a very low-pressure way to ask someone to spend time with you.

Low Impact

Use 散步 when talking about light exercise. For heavy exercise, use 锻炼 or 健身.

散步 vs 走路

Use 走路 if you are walking to a specific place for a reason. Use 散步 if the walking IS the reason.

Visual Association

Associate 散步 with a sunset. It helps remember the 'leisure' aspect of the word.

Einprägen

Wortherkunft

First appeared in ancient texts to describe a relaxed gait without a fixed goal.

Kultureller Kontext

Walking is a key way for neighbors to catch up on gossip.

饭后百步走，活到九十九 (Walk 100 steps after a meal, live to 99).

Often happens in the same areas where people 散步.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Gesprächseinstiege

"你平时喜欢去哪里散步？"

"晚饭后你一般会去散步吗？"

"你觉得散步对健康有什么好处？"

"你喜欢一个人散步还是和朋友一起？"

"我们去河边散散步怎么样？"

Tagebuch-Impulse

描述一次你最难忘的散步经历。

为什么散步在你的文化中（或中国文化中）很重要？

散步的时候你通常在想什么？

比较一下散步和跑步的区别。

写一段关于在秋天的公园里散步的文字。

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

Yes, it is a complete sentence meaning 'I walk.'

You should say '我散了二十分钟步' or '我散步散了二十分钟' because it is a separable verb.

No, hiking is '徒步' (túbù) or '爬山' (páshān). 散步 is much easier and usually on flat ground.

Yes, it is very common for dates, though '漫步' is more poetic.

It is 4th tone (sàn) and 4th tone (bù).

No, you must say '去公园散步' (Go to the park to walk).

散步 is standard; 溜达 is a Northern dialect term that is more informal.

Rarely, unless you are literally taking a walk with a colleague to discuss something casually.

No, it implies a relaxed pace, regardless of distance.

我喜欢独自散步。

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