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A2 noun #1,500 پرکاربردترین 11 دقیقه مطالعه

نَهْر

nahr رتبه 1,500

At the A1 level, the word نَهْر (nahr) is introduced as basic nature vocabulary. Learners at this stage are acquiring words for the world around them, such as sun, moon, tree, and water. 'River' is a highly visual and common concept, making it easy to grasp. At this level, students learn to identify the word, pronounce it correctly, and use it in very simple, descriptive sentences. They learn that a river has water (ماء) and that it is big (كبير) or long (طويل). The focus is purely on the literal meaning and basic sentence structure, such as 'This is a river' (هذا نهر) or 'The river is beautiful' (النهر جميل). Vocabulary building at A1 relies heavily on associating the Arabic word with images of rivers, ensuring the foundational meaning is solid before introducing grammatical complexities like plurals or verb collocations.

At the A2 level, learners begin to use نَهْر in more complex and practical ways. They learn the plural form, أَنْهَار (anhaar), and are introduced to the crucial grammatical rule that non-human plurals are treated as feminine singular. This means they practice saying الأنهار طويلة (the rivers are long). A2 learners also start using prepositions with the word, such as swimming 'in' the river (في النهر) or sitting 'next to' the river (بجانب النهر). They learn to name specific famous rivers using the Idafa (construct state), such as نهر النيل (The Nile River). The vocabulary expands to include basic verbs associated with rivers, primarily يجري (flows). By the end of A2, a learner can describe a past trip to a river, talk about the rivers in their home country, and understand simple geographical descriptions in Arabic.

At the B1 level, the usage of نَهْر expands into broader contexts such as environment, travel, and basic news. Learners encounter vocabulary related to the anatomy of a river, such as ضفة (bank), منبع (source), and مصب (mouth). They can discuss the importance of rivers for agriculture (زراعة) and drinking water (ماء الشرب). The verbs used become more varied, including يفيض (overflows) and يجف (dries up). B1 learners can read short articles or watch simple news reports about weather affecting river levels or the construction of dams (سدود). They also start to recognize the word in simple cultural or historical contexts, understanding why cities are often built on riverbanks. The ability to compare a river to a sea or a lake using comparative adjectives (أطول من - longer than) is also solidified at this stage.

At the B2 level, learners engage with the word نَهْر in abstract, metaphorical, and complex academic texts. They are expected to understand news reports discussing geopolitical issues surrounding water rights, such as disputes over river water sharing between countries. The vocabulary becomes sophisticated, involving terms like حوض النهر (river basin) and تلوث الأنهار (river pollution). Furthermore, B2 learners begin to appreciate the metaphorical use of the word in literature and daily expressions, such as describing someone as a 'river of generosity' (نهر من العطاء). They can write detailed essays about environmental conservation concerning rivers and participate in debates about water management. Comprehension of classical texts or poetry where rivers symbolize life or the passage of time also begins at this level.

At the C1 level, mastery of the word نَهْر involves a deep understanding of its nuances, historical significance, and varied literary applications. Learners can effortlessly read and analyze complex geopolitical articles, historical accounts of ancient river valley civilizations (like Mesopotamia), and modern Arabic literature. They understand highly specific collocations and idiomatic expressions. At this level, the focus is on stylistic choices; for instance, knowing when a writer uses 'نهر' versus 'غدير' (stream) or 'يم' (sea/river in classical contexts) to evoke a specific mood. C1 learners can deliver presentations on the socio-economic impact of river drying due to climate change, using advanced vocabulary and flawless grammar, including complex plural agreements and passive voice constructions related to the river's state.

At the C2 level, the learner's grasp of نَهْر is near-native. They can navigate classical Arabic poetry, Quranic exegesis (Tafsir), and highly specialized academic papers where the word and its derivatives appear. They understand the etymological roots (ن-ه-ر) and how it connects to concepts like 'daytime' (نهار) or 'rebuking' (انتهار), recognizing the underlying semantic thread of 'forceful flow' or 'clarity'. C2 users can appreciate and produce sophisticated rhetorical devices involving rivers, understanding cultural allusions to specific rivers like the Tigris in Abbasid poetry or the Nile in modern Egyptian literature. Their use of the word is characterized by absolute precision, cultural resonance, and an effortless command of the most obscure synonyms and related classical vocabulary.

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

نَهْر در ۳۰ ثانیه

A natural stream of water.
Flows to the sea or a lake.
Usually contains fresh water.
Essential for agriculture and life.

The Arabic word نَهْر (nahr) translates to 'river' in English. It is a fundamental noun used to describe a large natural stream of water flowing in a channel to the sea, a lake, or another such stream. In the context of the Middle East and North Africa, rivers have historically been the lifeblood of civilizations, making this word deeply significant in both historical and modern contexts. The root of the word is ن-ه-ر (n-h-r), which carries the core concept of flowing or streaming continuously. This root also gives rise to words related to daytime (نَهار), as the day is seen as a continuous flow of light. Understanding the literal and metaphorical meanings of نَهْر is essential for learners of Arabic, as it appears frequently in everyday conversation, geography, literature, and religious texts.

Literal Meaning: A natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river.

يَجْرِي نَهْر النِّيلِ فِي مِصْرَ.

When discussing geography, the word is indispensable. The Arab world is home to some of the most famous rivers globally, such as the Nile (نهر النيل), the Tigris (نهر دجلة), and the Euphrates (نهر الفرات). These names are almost always preceded by the word نَهْر. The plural form of the word is أَنْهَار (anhaar) or sometimes نُهُر (nuhur), though the former is much more common in both Modern Standard Arabic and classical texts. The concept of a river extends beyond just water; it often symbolizes life, purity, continuity, and divine blessing.

Metaphorical Meaning: An abundant flow or stream of something non-physical, such as knowledge, blood, or love.

هُوَ نَهْر مِنَ العِلْمِ.

In literature and poetry, a river is a powerful metaphor. A generous person might be described as a river of giving, or a wise scholar as a river of knowledge. This metaphorical usage is deeply ingrained in Arabic literary traditions. Furthermore, in religious contexts, particularly in the Quran, rivers are frequently mentioned as a feature of Paradise (جنات تجري من تحتها الأنهار - gardens beneath which rivers flow), cementing the word's association with ultimate reward, serenity, and eternal beauty.

سَبَحْنَا فِي نَهْر صَغِيرٍ.

The word is grammatically masculine in its singular form. Therefore, you use masculine demonstrative pronouns and adjectives with it, such as هذا نهر طويل (This is a long river). It is a highly productive word that forms the basis of many geographical and descriptive phrases. Whether you are reading a news article about water scarcity, studying ancient Mesopotamian history, or simply describing a beautiful landscape you saw on vacation, mastering the word نَهْر and its associated vocabulary is a crucial step in your Arabic learning journey.

Root Connection: The root ن-ه-ر also relates to 'daytime' (نَهَار), linking the concept of flowing water to the continuous flow of daylight.

مَاءُ الـ نَهْر عَذْبٌ.

تَقَعُ المَدِينَةُ عَلَى ضِفَافِ الـ نَهْر.

Using the word نَهْر correctly in Arabic involves understanding its grammatical properties, its common collocations, and the prepositions that frequently accompany it. As a masculine noun, it dictates the gender of the adjectives that describe it and the verbs that act upon it. For example, you would say نهر واسع (a wide river) and not نهر واسعة. The most common verbs associated with a river describe its movement, its state, or human interaction with it. The verb يَجْرِي (flows/runs) is perhaps the most frequent companion to نَهْر. Other common verbs include يَتَدَفَّق (gushes/streams), يَفِيض (overflows/floods), and يَجِفّ (dries up).

Verb Collocations: Common verbs include يجري (flows), يفيض (overflows), and يعبر (crosses).

يَجْرِي الـ نَهْر بِهُدُوءٍ.

When talking about locations relative to a river, specific vocabulary is used. The bank of a river is called ضِفَّة (diffah), and the plural is ضِفَاف (difaaf). You will often hear phrases like على ضفاف النهر (on the banks of the river). The source of a river is its مَنْبَع (manba'), and its mouth or where it empties into the sea is the مَصَبّ (masabb). Knowing these anatomical parts of a river allows for much more descriptive and precise language when discussing geography or travel.

Adjective Collocations: Adjectives often used with river include طويل (long), عميق (deep), and عذب (fresh/sweet).

هَذَا نَهْر عَمِيقٌ جِدّاً.

In terms of prepositions, you can swim فِي (in) the river, walk بِمُحَاذَاة (alongside) the river, or build a bridge فَوْق (over) the river. When expressing possession or naming a specific river, the construct state (الإضافة) is used. For example, نهر النيل (The River of the Nile / The Nile River). Notice that the word نَهْر does not take the definite article 'ال' in this construction because it is defined by the definite noun that follows it. This is a crucial grammatical rule for A2 learners to master.

عَبَرْنَا الـ نَهْر بِالقَارِبِ.

The plural form, أَنْهَار (anhaar), follows the rules of non-human plurals in Arabic. This means it is treated grammatically as a feminine singular noun. Therefore, if you want to say 'the rivers are long', you would say الأنهار طويلة (al-anhaar taweelah), using the feminine singular adjective. Similarly, verbs referring back to the plural rivers will be conjugated in the feminine singular: الأنهار تجري (the rivers flow). Mastering this non-human plural agreement is essential for sounding natural in Arabic.

Plural Agreement: Always treat the plural 'أنهار' as a feminine singular entity for verbs and adjectives.

تَتَقَاطَعُ الأَنْهَارُ مَعَ الـ نَهْر الرَّئِيسِيِّ.

جَفَّ الـ نَهْر بِسَبَبِ الحَرِّ.

The word نَهْر is ubiquitous in the Arabic-speaking world, appearing across a wide spectrum of contexts from daily casual conversation to formal news broadcasts, historical documentaries, and religious sermons. Because water is a critical resource in the Middle East and North Africa, discussions about rivers are frequent in political and environmental discourse. You will frequently hear this word on news channels like Al Jazeera or Al Arabiya when reporters discuss water levels, dam constructions (such as the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on the Nile), or agricultural news. In these contexts, the word is often paired with terms like سد (dam), ري (irrigation), and جفاف (drought).

News and Media: Frequently used in reports about environment, agriculture, and geopolitics regarding water rights.

أَخْبَارُ اليَوْمِ عَنْ مَنْسُوبِ مِيَاهِ الـ نَهْر.

In everyday life, especially in countries blessed with major rivers like Egypt, Sudan, Iraq, and Syria, the river is a central point of social life. People talk about walking by the river, eating at restaurants overlooking the river, or taking boat rides. In Egypt, for instance, the Nile is so central to identity that phrases involving the river are part of the cultural fabric. You might hear someone say they will meet you 'عالنيل' (on the Nile) in colloquial Egyptian Arabic, demonstrating how the specific river name often replaces the generic word in local dialects, though the standard word نَهْر remains universally understood.

Daily Conversation: Used when planning outings, giving directions, or describing local geography.

لِنَمْشِ قَلِيلاً بِجَانِبِ الـ نَهْر.

Religious and classical texts are another major domain where this word shines. In the Quran, the plural form أَنْهَار is used extensively to describe the rewards of Paradise. The phrase 'جَنَّاتٌ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ' (Gardens beneath which rivers flow) is one of the most repeated motifs in Islamic scripture. This elevates the word from a mere geographical feature to a symbol of divine grace and eternal peace. Consequently, you will hear this word frequently in Friday sermons (Khutbahs), religious lectures, and classical poetry recitations.

فِي الجَنَّةِ نَهْر مِنْ عَسَلٍ.

Furthermore, the word appears in educational settings. Geography lessons in schools across the Arab world dedicate significant time to studying the rivers of the region and the world. Students learn about the Amazon (نهر الأمازون), the Mississippi (نهر المسيسيبي), and the historical significance of the Tigris and Euphrates in the cradle of civilization. Thus, the word is firmly embedded in the academic vocabulary of every Arabic speaker from a young age.

Education: A staple word in geography, history, and science textbooks.

دَرَسْنَا عَنْ نَهْر الفُرَاتِ فِي المَدْرَسَةِ.

يَعْكِسُ الـ نَهْر ضَوْءَ القَمَرِ.

While نَهْر is a relatively straightforward noun, learners at the A2 level often make a few predictable mistakes regarding its grammar, pronunciation, and usage. One of the most common errors involves gender agreement. Because the word ends in a consonant and lacks the typical feminine marker (Ta' Marbuta ـة), it is correctly identified as masculine. However, learners sometimes mistakenly apply feminine adjectives to it because they confuse it with other nature words that are feminine, like شمس (sun) or نار (fire). Always remember to use masculine adjectives: نهر كبير (a big river), not نهر كبيرة.

Gender Confusion: Applying feminine adjectives to the singular masculine noun 'نهر'.

هَذَا نَهْر جَمِيلٌ. (Correct)

Conversely, a major mistake occurs with the plural form, أَنْهَار (anhaar). In Arabic, all non-human plurals are treated as feminine singular. Learners often forget this rule and try to use masculine plural adjectives or verbs. For example, saying الأنهار كبيرون (the rivers are big - using human masculine plural) is incorrect. The correct phrase is الأنهار كبيرة (al-anhaar kabeerah - using feminine singular). This rule applies to verbs as well: الأنهار تجري (the rivers flow - feminine singular verb), not الأنهار يجرون.

Plural Agreement Error: Failing to treat the plural 'أنهار' as a feminine singular noun.

الأَنْهَارُ فِي بَلَدِي كَثِيرَةٌ. (Correct)

Another frequent mistake is vocabulary confusion, specifically mixing up نَهْر (river) with بَحْر (sea) or بُحَيْرَة (lake). While all relate to bodies of water, they are distinct. A river flows and has fresh water (ماء عذب), a sea is vast and salty (ماء مالح), and a lake is surrounded by land. Using the wrong term can lead to confusing statements, such as saying you crossed the sea when you meant a small river. Additionally, learners sometimes confuse the pronunciation of نَهْر (nahr - river) with نَهَار (nahaar - daytime). While they share the same root, the long 'a' sound in نهار completely changes the meaning.

سَأَذْهَبُ إِلَى الـ نَهْر غَداً.

Finally, mistakes often happen with the construct state (Idafa) when naming rivers. As mentioned in the usage section, learners often try to put the definite article 'ال' on both words, saying النهر النيل instead of the correct نهر النيل. In an Idafa, the first word (the possessed) never takes 'ال', while the second word (the possessor) usually does if it's a specific name. This is a fundamental Arabic grammar rule that requires practice to internalize.

Idafa Mistake: Adding 'ال' to the word 'نهر' when it is the first part of a name construct.

نَهْر دِجْلَةَ طَوِيلٌ جِدّاً.

لَا تَسْبَحْ فِي هَذَا الـ نَهْر.

To enrich your Arabic vocabulary, it is helpful to learn words that are related to or similar to نَهْر. Arabic has a highly nuanced vocabulary for bodies of water, allowing for precise descriptions of size, flow, and nature. The most common related word is بَحْر (bahr), which means 'sea'. While a river flows into a sea, the sea is vast and salty. Another essential word is بُحَيْرَة (buhayrah), meaning 'lake'. Notice that buhayrah is the diminutive form of bahr, literally meaning 'little sea', though lakes are usually freshwater like rivers.

بَحْر (Bahr): Sea or ocean. Much larger than a river and contains saltwater.

يَصُبُّ الـ نَهْر فِي البَحْرِ.

For smaller bodies of flowing water, Arabic offers several beautiful terms. A جَدْوَل (jadwal) is a stream or a brook. It is smaller than a river and often refers to a small, natural watercourse. Another word is غَدِير (ghadeer), which refers to a stream, rivulet, or a pool of water left by a torrent. This word is quite poetic and appears frequently in classical Arabic literature. When talking about man-made water channels, the word قَنَاة (qanaah) is used for a canal, and تُرْعَة (tur'ah) is used for an irrigation canal or ditch, very common in agricultural areas like the Nile Delta.

جَدْوَل (Jadwal): A stream or brook. Smaller and narrower than a river.

هَذَا جَدْوَلٌ وَلَيْسَ نَهْر.

Another interesting related concept is the وَادِي (waadi), which means valley. In the Middle East and North Africa, a wadi often refers to a dry riverbed that only contains water during times of heavy rain. So, a wadi can temporarily become a flowing river, but it is defined by its usually dry state. Understanding these distinctions helps you paint a much clearer picture when describing landscapes in Arabic.

وَادِي (Waadi): A valley or dry riverbed that fills with water seasonally.

تَحَوَّلَ الوَادِي إِلَى نَهْر بَعْدَ المَطَرِ.

مِيَاهُ الـ نَهْر أَنْقَى مِنْ مِيَاهِ البُحَيْرَةِ.

شَرِبَتِ الحَيَوَانَاتُ مِنْ مَاءِ الـ نَهْر.

چقدر رسمی است؟

رسمی

غیر رسمی

سطح دشواری

گرامر لازم

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

هَذَا نَهْرٌ.

This is a river.

Basic demonstrative pronoun 'هذا' (masculine) used with the masculine noun 'نهر'.

النَّهْرُ كَبِيرٌ.

The river is big.

Simple nominal sentence (Mubtada and Khabar). Both are masculine singular.

مَاءُ النَّهْرِ أَزْرَقُ.

The river's water is blue.

Introduction to Idafa (construct state): 'ماء النهر'.

أَنَا أَرَى نَهْراً.

I see a river.

'نهر' as the object of the verb, taking the accusative case (Fatha/Tanween Fath).

النَّهْرُ جَمِيلٌ جِدّاً.

The river is very beautiful.

Using adjectives and the intensifier 'جداً'.

هُنَاكَ نَهْرٌ فِي مَدِينَتِي.

There is a river in my city.

Using 'هناك' (there is) to indicate existence.

هَلْ هَذَا نَهْرٌ؟

Is this a river?

Forming a basic yes/no question using 'هل'.

النَّهْرُ طَوِيلٌ.

The river is long.

Basic adjective agreement.

يَجْرِي نَهْرُ النِّيلِ فِي مِصْرَ.

The Nile River flows in Egypt.

Using the verb 'يجري' (flows) and the specific name in Idafa 'نهر النيل'.

سَبَحْنَا فِي النَّهْرِ أَمْسِ.

We swam in the river yesterday.

Past tense verb 'سبحنا' and preposition 'في'.

الأَنْهَارُ مُهِمَّةٌ لِلزِّرَاعَةِ.

Rivers are important for agriculture.

Plural 'الأنهار' treated as feminine singular with the adjective 'مهمة'.

مَشَيْتُ بِجَانِبِ النَّهْرِ.

I walked next to the river.

Using the spatial preposition 'بجانب' (next to).

هَذَا النَّهْرُ أَطْوَلُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ النَّهْرِ.

This river is longer than that river.

Using the comparative form 'أطول من'.

تُوجَدُ أَسْمَاكٌ كَثِيرَةٌ فِي النَّهْرِ.

There are many fish in the river.

Passive voice 'توجد' used for existence.

عَبَرْنَا النَّهْرَ بِالقَارِبِ.

We crossed the river by boat.

Verb 'عبر' (to cross) taking the river as a direct object.

مَاءُ النَّهْرِ عَذْبٌ، وَمَاءُ البَحْرِ مَالِحٌ.

River water is fresh, and sea water is salty.

Contrasting vocabulary: عذب (fresh) vs مالح (salty).

تَقَعُ العَاصِمَةُ عَلَى ضِفَافِ النَّهْرِ.

The capital is located on the banks of the river.

Vocabulary expansion: 'ضفاف' (banks).

فَاضَ النَّهْرُ بِسَبَبِ الأَمْطَارِ الغَزِيرَةِ.

The river overflowed due to heavy rains.

Using the verb 'فاض' (overflowed/flooded).

يَبْدَأُ النَّهْرُ مِنْ مَنْبَعِهِ فِي الجِبَالِ.

The river starts from its source in the mountains.

Vocabulary: 'منبع' (source).

بَنَتِ الحُكُومَةُ سَدّاً جَدِيداً عَلَى النَّهْرِ.

The government built a new dam on the river.

Contextual vocabulary: 'سد' (dam).

يُعَانِي النَّهْرُ مِنْ مُشْكِلَةِ التَّلَوُّثِ.

The river suffers from the problem of pollution.

Discussing environmental issues: 'التلوث' (pollution).

يَصُبُّ النَّهْرُ فِي المُحِيطِ.

The river empties into the ocean.

Verb 'يصب' (empties/pours) used for rivers meeting seas.

جَفَّ النَّهْرُ تَمَاماً فِي فَصْلِ الصَّيْفِ.

The river dried up completely in the summer season.

Verb 'جف' (dried up).

تَعْتَمِدُ المَدِينَةُ عَلَى مِيَاهِ النَّهْرِ لِلشُّرْبِ.

The city relies on the river's water for drinking.

Verb preposition collocation: 'تعتمد على' (relies on).

يُعَدُّ حَوْضُ النَّهْرِ مَنْطِقَةً زِرَاعِيَّةً خَصْبَةً.

The river basin is considered a fertile agricultural region.

Advanced vocabulary: 'حوض النهر' (river basin) and 'خصبة' (fertile).

تُثِيرُ مَشَارِيعُ السُّدُودِ عَلَى النَّهْرِ خِلَافَاتٍ دَوْلِيَّةً.

Dam projects on the river provoke international disputes.

Geopolitical context and complex sentence structure.

كَانَ الرَّجُلُ نَهْراً مِنَ المَعْرِفَةِ وَالحِكْمَةِ.

The man was a river of knowledge and wisdom.

Metaphorical use of 'نهر'.

تَغَيَّرَ مَسَارُ النَّهْرِ عَبْرَ آلاَفِ السِّنِينَ.

The course of the river has changed over thousands of years.

Vocabulary: 'مسار' (course/path).

تَلْعَبُ الأَنْهَارُ دَوْراً حَيَوِيّاً فِي الحِفَاظِ عَلَى التَّوَازُنِ البِيئِيِّ.

Rivers play a vital role in maintaining ecological balance.

Academic phrasing: 'تلعب دوراً حيوياً' (plays a vital role).

تَمَّ تَحْوِيلُ مِيَاهِ النَّهْرِ لِرَيِّ المَحَاصِيلِ.

The river's water was diverted to irrigate the crops.

Passive construction with 'تم' + verbal noun (تحويل).

يُشَكِّلُ النَّهْرُ حُدُوداً طَبِيعِيَّةً بَيْنَ البَلَدَيْنِ.

The river forms a natural border between the two countries.

Vocabulary: 'حدود طبيعية' (natural borders).

انْخَفَضَ مَنْسُوبُ مِيَاهِ النَّهْرِ بِشَكْلٍ مَلْحُوظٍ هَذَا العَامَ.

The river's water level has dropped noticeably this year.

Technical vocabulary: 'منسوب المياه' (water level).

لَقَدْ شَكَّلَتْ ضِفَافُ الأَنْهَارِ المَهْدَ الأَوَّلَ لِلْحَضَارَاتِ البَشَرِيَّةِ.

Riverbanks formed the first cradle of human civilizations.

Historical and academic register: 'المهد الأول' (the first cradle).

تَتَطَلَّبُ إِدَارَةُ المَوَارِدِ المَائِيَّةِ لِلنَّهْرِ تَعَاوُناً إِقْلِيمِيّاً مُشْتَرَكاً.

Managing the river's water resources requires joint regional cooperation.

Formal political discourse.

تَدَفَّقَتْ كَلِمَاتُهُ كَنَهْرٍ هَادِرٍ لَا يُمْكِنُ إِيقَافُهُ.

His words flowed like a roaring river that cannot be stopped.

Advanced literary simile using 'هادر' (roaring).

يُعَانِي النَّهْرُ مِنْ تَدَاعِيَاتِ التَّغَيُّرِ المُنَاخِيِّ وَالاسْتِنْزَافِ الجَائِرِ.

The river suffers from the repercussions of climate change and unfair depletion.

Advanced environmental terminology: 'تداعيات' (repercussions), 'استنزاف جائر' (unfair depletion).

تَمْتَازُ دِلْتَا النَّهْرِ بِتَنَوُّعٍ بِيُولُوجِيٍّ فَرِيدٍ مِنْ نَوْعِهِ.

The river delta is characterized by unique biological diversity.

Scientific vocabulary: 'دلتا' (delta), 'تنوع بيولوجي' (biodiversity).

أَسْفَرَ فَيَضَانُ النَّهْرِ عَنْ خَسَائِرَ فَادِحَةٍ فِي البُنْيَةِ التَّحْتِيَّةِ.

The river's flooding resulted in heavy losses to the infrastructure.

Formal news reporting structure: 'أسفر عن' (resulted in).

تُعْتَبَرُ المِلَاحَةُ النَّهْرِيَّةُ شِرْيَاناً حَيَوِيّاً لِلتِّجَارَةِ الدَّاخِلِيَّةِ.

River navigation is considered a vital artery for internal trade.

Economic terminology: 'الملاحة النهرية' (river navigation).

انْحَسَرَتْ مِيَاهُ النَّهْرِ كَاشِفَةً عَنْ آثَارٍ قَدِيمَةٍ مَغْمُورَةٍ.

The river's waters receded, revealing submerged ancient ruins.

Advanced descriptive verbs: 'انحسرت' (receded), 'مغمورة' (submerged).

وَكَأَنَّ الزَّمَانَ نَهْرٌ جَارٍ يَجْرِفُ فِي طَرِيقِهِ ذِكْرَيَاتِ الأَمْسِ.

It is as if time is a flowing river, sweeping away the memories of yesterday in its path.

Highly poetic and philosophical use of the word.

لَمْ يَكُنْ عَطَاؤُهُ قَطْرَةً، بَلْ كَانَ نَهْراً يَتَدَفَّقُ بِالمَكْرُمَاتِ.

His giving was not a drop, but rather a river overflowing with noble deeds.

Classical rhetorical contrast (قطرة vs نهر).

تَغَنَّى الشُّعَرَاءُ بِالنَّهْرِ، جَاعِلِينَ مِنْ خَرِيرِ مَائِهِ قَوَافِيَ لِقَصَائِدِهِمْ.

Poets sang of the river, making the murmuring of its water rhymes for their poems.

Literary vocabulary: 'خرير' (murmuring of water).

إِنَّ اسْتِبَاحَةَ حَرَمِ النَّهْرِ بِالمُلَوِّثَاتِ هُوَ جَرِيمَةٌ فِي حَقِّ الأَجْيَالِ القَادِمَةِ.

Violating the sanctity of the river with pollutants is a crime against future generations.

Strong, formal rhetoric: 'استباحة حرم' (violating the sanctity).

تَتَشَابَكُ الرَّوَافِدُ لِتَخْلُقَ نَهْراً عَظِيماً يَقْهَرُ جَفَافَ الصَّحْرَاءِ.

The tributaries intertwine to create a mighty river that conquers the dryness of the desert.

Geographical and poetic blend: 'روافد' (tributaries).

فِي التُّرَاثِ، يَرْمِزُ النَّهْرُ إِلَى التَّجَدُّدِ المُسْتَمِرِّ وَالِانْبِعَاثِ بَعْدَ المَوَاتِ.

In heritage, the river symbolizes continuous renewal and resurrection after death.

Academic cultural analysis.

تَوَقَّفْتُ أَتَأَمَّلُ انْسِيَابَ النَّهْرِ، مُسْتَلْهِماً مِنْ سَكِينَتِهِ صَفَاءَ الرُّوحِ.

I stopped to contemplate the flow of the river, drawing from its tranquility the purity of the soul.

Expressive personal reflection: 'انسياب' (flow/gliding).

تُشَكِّلُ حُقُوقُ الِانْتِفَاعِ بِمِيَاهِ النَّهْرِ الدَّوْلِيِّ مُعْضِلَةً فِقْهِيَّةً وَقَانُونِيَّةً مُعَقَّدَةً.

The rights of usufruct regarding the waters of an international river constitute a complex jurisprudential and legal dilemma.

Highly specialized legal/academic terminology: 'حقوق الانتفاع' (usufruct rights).

ترکیب‌های رایج

نَهْرُ النِّيلِ

ضِفَافُ النَّهْرِ

مَاءُ النَّهْرِ

يَجْرِي النَّهْرُ

يَفِيضُ النَّهْرُ

مَنْبَعُ النَّهْرِ

مَصَبُّ النَّهْرِ

عُبُورُ النَّهْرِ

قَاعُ النَّهْرِ

حَوْضُ النَّهْرِ

عبارات رایج

عَلَى ضِفَافِ النَّهْرِ

نَهْرٌ جَارٍ

مَاءُ النَّهْرِ العَذْبُ

جَنَّاتٌ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الأَنْهَارُ

رِحْلَةٌ نَهْرِيَّةٌ

النَّقْلُ النَّهْرِيُّ

سَدٌّ عَلَى النَّهْرِ

مَنْسُوبُ النَّهْرِ

مَسَارُ النَّهْرِ

تَلَوُّثُ الأَنْهَارِ

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

نَهْر vs بَحْر (sea - saltwater, much larger)

نَهْر vs نَهَار (daytime - same root, different vowels)

نَهْر vs وَادِي (valley - often dry, unlike a flowing river)

اصطلاحات و عبارات

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

نَهْر vs

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

نحوه استفاده

formality level

Neutral. Used in both the most formal classical texts and everyday street slang.

regional variations

In some dialects, specific local words might be used for smaller rivers or canals (like 'ترعة' in Egypt), but 'نهر' is universally understood for major rivers.

اشتباهات رایج

Saying 'النهر النيل' instead of 'نهر النيل'.
Using masculine plural adjectives with 'أنهار' (e.g., الأنهار كبيرون instead of الأنهار كبيرة).
Confusing the meaning of 'نهر' (river) with 'بحر' (sea).
Pronouncing 'نهر' as 'نهار' (daytime).
Using feminine adjectives with the singular 'نهر' (e.g., نهر جميلة instead of نهر جميل).

نکات

Non-Human Plural Rule

Always remember that 'أنهار' (rivers) takes feminine singular adjectives and verbs. This is a crucial rule for A2 learners to master early on.

Short Vowel

Keep the 'a' sound in 'nahr' short. If you elongate it to 'nahaar', you are saying 'daytime' instead of 'river'.

Word Grouping

Learn 'نهر' alongside its opposites and related words like 'بحر' (sea), 'جبل' (mountain), and 'صحراء' (desert) to build a strong nature vocabulary base.

The Idafa Structure

When naming a river, never put 'ال' on the word 'نهر'. It is always 'نهر [Name]', like 'نهر الفرات' (The Euphrates River).

Flowing Verbs

Pair 'نهر' with the verb 'يجري' (flows). It is the most natural and common way to describe a river's action in Arabic.

The Nile

Knowing 'نهر النيل' is essential, as it is deeply tied to Arab history and culture, especially in Egypt and Sudan.

River of Knowledge

Don't be afraid to use 'نهر' metaphorically in your writing. Describing someone as a 'نهر من العلم' (river of knowledge) sounds very eloquent.

Location Words

Practice using prepositions with 'نهر', such as 'في' (in) for swimming, and 'على' (on) or 'بجانب' (next to) for walking by the banks.

News Contexts

When watching Arabic news, listen for 'نهر' in segments about weather, agriculture, or international borders.

Descriptive Adjectives

Enhance your sentences by adding adjectives like 'طويل' (long), 'عميق' (deep), or 'عذب' (fresh) when writing about a river.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Imagine a river flowing so fast it makes a 'nahhhhr' sound as it rushes by.

ریشه کلمه

Proto-Semitic

بافت فرهنگی

The Quran frequently mentions 'rivers of milk, honey, and wine' in Paradise.

The Nile (نهر النيل) is the longest river in the world and central to Egyptian and Sudanese identity.

Classical Arabic poetry often uses the river as a metaphor for a patron's boundless generosity.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"هَلْ يُوجَدُ نَهْرٌ فِي مَدِينَتِكَ؟"

"مَا هُوَ أَطْوَلُ نَهْرٍ فِي العَالَمِ؟"

"هَلْ تُحِبُّ المَشْيَ بِجَانِبِ النَّهْرِ؟"

"هَلْ سَبَحْتَ فِي نَهْرٍ مِنْ قَبْلُ؟"

"مَا رَأْيُكَ فِي مُشْكِلَةِ تَلَوُّثِ الأَنْهَارِ؟"

موضوعات نگارش

صِفْ نَهْراً زُرْتَهُ فِي رِحْلَةٍ سَابِقَةٍ.

اُكْتُبْ عَنْ أَهَمِّيَّةِ الأَنْهَارِ لِلْبِيئَةِ.

تَخَيَّلْ أَنَّكَ تَعِيشُ فِي مَنْزِلٍ عَلَى ضِفَافِ نَهْرٍ، صِفْ يَوْمَكَ.

قَارِنْ بَيْنَ النَّهْرِ وَالبَحْرِ.

اُكْتُبْ قِصَّةً قَصِيرَةً تَدُورُ أَحْدَاثُهَا حَوْلَ نَهْرٍ غَامِضٍ.

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

The singular word 'نهر' is masculine. You use masculine adjectives and pronouns with it, such as 'هذا نهر كبير' (This is a big river).

The most common plural is 'أَنْهَار' (anhaar). Another less common plural is 'نُهُر' (nuhur).

Like all non-human plurals in Arabic, 'أنهار' is treated as a feminine singular noun. You say 'الأنهار طويلة' (The rivers are long).

You use the construct state (Idafa) and say 'نهر النيل'. Notice that 'نهر' does not take the definite article 'ال'.

'نهر' means river, which is a flowing body of fresh water. 'بحر' means sea, which is a large body of salt water.

Yes, very often. It is used to describe an abundant flow of something, like 'نهر من العطاء' (a river of giving/generosity).

Common verbs include 'يَجْرِي' (flows), 'يَفِيض' (overflows), 'يَجِفّ' (dries up), and 'يَصُبّ' (empties into).

The pronunciation is generally easy for English speakers, but you must ensure you pronounce the 'هـ' (h) clearly and keep the vowel short.

In Islamic theology, Paradise is frequently described as having gardens beneath which rivers flow, symbolizing ultimate beauty, peace, and reward.

'ضفة' (diffah) means the bank of a river. The plural is 'ضفاف' (difaaf). You often hear 'على ضفاف النهر' (on the banks of the river).