A2 Verb Forms 1 min read آسان

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Reflexive verbs describe actions you do to yourself, formed by adding -in, -n, or -il suffixes to the verb root.

  • Add -in to consonant-ending roots: 'yumaq' (to wash) becomes 'yuyunmaq' (to wash oneself).
  • Add -n to vowel-ending roots: 'taramaq' (to comb) becomes 'taranmaq' (to comb one's hair).
  • Use -il for specific passive-reflexive overlaps: 'görmək' (to see) becomes 'görünmək' (to appear/be seen).
Verb Root + (-in/-n/-il) = Reflexive Verb

Reflexive Verb Formation

Verb Root Suffix Reflexive Form Meaning
yumaq
-n
yuyunmaq
to wash oneself
taramaq
-n
taranmaq
to comb one's hair
geyinmək
-in
geyinmək
to dress oneself
baxmaq
-ın
baxınmaq
to look around
silmək
-in
silinmək
to wipe oneself
açmaq
-ıl
açılmaq
to open (itself)

Meanings

Reflexive verbs indicate that the subject of the sentence is also the object of the action.

1

Self-directed action

The subject performs an action on their own body or person.

“O, güzgüdə özünə baxır.”

“Mən tez geyindim.”

2

Appearance/State

Describing how someone or something appears or seems.

“O, çox yorğun görünür.”

“Bu çox maraqlı görünür.”

3

Spontaneous action

Action happening without a clear external agent.

“Qapı açıldı.”

“Pəncərə bağlandı.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Reflexive Verbs (Yuyunmaq)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Root + Suffix + Tense
Yuyunuram
Negative
Root + Suffix + Negative + Tense
Yuyunmuram
Question
Root + Suffix + Tense + mi
Yuyunursanmı?
Past
Root + Suffix + Past
Yuyundum
Future
Root + Suffix + Future
Yuyunacağam
Imperative
Root + Suffix
Yuyun!

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
Mən hazırlaşıram.

Mən hazırlaşıram. (Leaving for an event)

خنثی
Hazırlaşıram.

Hazırlaşıram. (Leaving for an event)

غیر رسمی
Hazırlaşıram da.

Hazırlaşıram da. (Leaving for an event)

عامیانه
Hazıram.

Hazıram. (Leaving for an event)

Reflexive Verb Concept

Reflexive Verb

Grooming

  • yuyunmaq wash
  • taranmaq comb

State

  • görünmək appear

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

Mən yuyunuram.

I am washing myself.

2

O geyinir.

He is getting dressed.

3

Biz hazırlaşırıq.

We are getting ready.

4

Sən taranırsan.

You are combing your hair.

1

Niyə yuyunmursan?

Why aren't you washing yourself?

2

O, güzgüdə özünə baxınır.

He is looking at himself in the mirror.

3

Uşaqlar tez geyindi.

The children got dressed quickly.

4

Mən hər gün taranıram.

I comb my hair every day.

1

Bu çox maraqlı görünür.

This looks very interesting.

2

Qapı yavaşca açıldı.

The door opened slowly.

3

O, çox yorğun görünürdü.

He looked very tired.

4

Yol tikildi.

The road was built.

1

O, özünü çox ağıllı aparır.

He acts very smart.

2

Məsələ öz-özünə həll olundu.

The issue solved itself.

3

O, çox sakit görünür.

He appears very calm.

4

Biz bu çətinliklərlə necə dolanacağıq?

How will we get by with these difficulties?

1

O, hadisələri öz xeyrinə yozunur.

He interprets events in his own favor.

2

Bu qərar çox şübhəli görünür.

This decision appears very suspicious.

3

O, özünü cəmiyyətdən təcrid etdi.

He isolated himself from society.

4

Hər şey öz axarı ilə gedir.

Everything is going its own way.

1

O, özünü elə aparır ki, sanki hər şeyi bilir.

He acts as if he knows everything.

2

Bu fikir özünü doğrultmadı.

This idea did not justify itself.

3

O, çox təmkinli görünür.

He appears very composed.

4

Həyat özü-özlüyündə bir sirdir.

Life in itself is a mystery.

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

Reflexive Verbs (Yuyunmaq) در مقابل Reflexive vs Passive

Both use -il/-in suffixes.

Reflexive Verbs (Yuyunmaq) در مقابل Transitive vs Reflexive

Using objects with reflexive verbs.

Reflexive Verbs (Yuyunmaq) در مقابل Reciprocal vs Reflexive

Both use -iş or -in.

اشتباهات رایج

Mən yuyuram özümü.

Mən yuyunuram.

Reflexive suffix replaces the need for 'özümü'.

O geyinir paltar.

O geyinir.

The object is implied in the reflexive.

Mən taranıram saçımı.

Mən taranıram.

Redundant object.

O yuyunur maşını.

O maşını yuyur.

Reflexive is for self-action only.

O görünür yorğun.

O yorğun görünür.

Word order in Azerbaijani.

Qapı açıldı mənim tərəfimdən.

Qapı açıldı.

Passive/reflexive doesn't need agent.

Mən yuyunmadım saçımı.

Mən saçımı yumadım.

Reflexive is not for body parts.

O özünə baxınır.

O güzgüyə baxınır.

Baxınmaq implies looking around, not at self.

Bu iş özünü həll edir.

Bu iş öz-özünə həll olunur.

Idiomatic reflexive.

Mən hazırlaşdım dərsi.

Mən dərsi hazırladım.

Hazırlaşmaq is intransitive.

O özünü yozunur.

O hadisəni yozur.

Yozunmaq is rare/archaic.

O təcrid olundu özünü.

O özünü təcrid etdi.

Active reflexive usage.

Bu fikir özünü doğrultdu.

Bu fikir özünü doğrultdu.

Actually correct, but often misused.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

Mən hər gün ___.

Sən çox ___ görünürsən.

Bu iş ___ həll olunur.

O, özünü ___ aparır.

Real World Usage

Morning Routine constant

Mən yuyunuram.

Social Media very common

Çox gözəl görünürsən!

Job Interview common

Mən özümü yaxşı aparıram.

Travel occasional

Qapı açıldı.

Food Delivery common

Sifariş hazırlaşır.

Texting constant

Hazırlaşıram, gəlirəm.

💡

Check the root

Always look at the last letter of the verb root to decide between -in and -n.
⚠️

Don't over-reflexivize

Not every verb can be made reflexive. Check a dictionary if unsure.
🎯

Context is king

If the sentence has a direct object, it's probably not reflexive.
💬

Natural sounds

Native speakers use these verbs to sound more fluent in daily life.

Smart Tips

Don't say 'yuyuram üzümü', use 'yuyunuram'.

Mən yuyuram üzümü. Mən yuyunuram.

Use 'görünmək' instead of 'baxmaq' for 'to look/appear'.

O baxır yorğun. O yorğun görünür.

Check if the subject is the one doing the action.

Qapı açıldı (by me). Qapı açıldı (by itself).

Use reflexive verbs to avoid mentioning the agent.

İnsanlar qərarı qəbul etdi. Qərar qəbul olundu.

تلفظ

yuyun- (u-u) vs geyin- (e-i)

Vowel Harmony

The suffix vowel must match the root vowel.

Question

Yuyunursanmı? ↑

Rising intonation at the end.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of the 'n' in reflexive as 'n-myself'.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine yourself standing in front of a mirror, and your reflection is doing the exact same thing as you.

Rhyme

If you do it to your own skin, add an n or an in.

Story

Ali wakes up. He 'yuyunur' (washes himself). He 'geyinir' (dresses himself). He looks in the mirror and 'baxınır' (looks around).

شبکه واژگان

yuyunmaqtaranmaqgeyinməkbaxınmaqgörünməkaçılmaq

چالش

Describe your entire morning routine in 5 sentences using only reflexive verbs.

نکات فرهنگی

Reflexive verbs are heavily used in daily greetings and routines.

Reflexive suffixes in Turkic languages evolved from ancient markers of self-action.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

Səhərlər necə hazırlaşırsan?

Bu gün necə görünürəm?

Səncə bu plan necə görünür?

Özünü necə aparırsan?

موضوعات نگارش

Describe your morning routine.
Describe a person you admire.
How do you handle stress?
Reflect on a recent decision.

اشتباهات رایج

Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

Mən hər səhər ___ (yumaq).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: yuyunuram
Reflexive form of yumaq.
Choose the correct reflexive verb. چند گزینه‌ای

O, güzgüdə ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: baxınır
Reflexive form for looking at self.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Mən saçımı taranıram.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Mən taranıram.
Redundant object.
Transform to reflexive. Sentence Transformation

O, paltarı geyir.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O geyinir.
Reflexive removes object.
Is this reflexive? True False Rule

Qapı açıldı.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: True
It describes the state of the door.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Hazırlaşırsan? B: Bəli, ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: hazırlaşıram
First person singular.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

görünür / O / yorğun

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O yorğun görünür.
Correct word order.
Sort by type. Grammar Sorting

Which is reflexive?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: yuyunmaq
Reflexive suffix -in.

Score: /8

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

Mən hər səhər ___ (yumaq).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: yuyunuram
Reflexive form of yumaq.
Choose the correct reflexive verb. چند گزینه‌ای

O, güzgüdə ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: baxınır
Reflexive form for looking at self.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Mən saçımı taranıram.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Mən taranıram.
Redundant object.
Transform to reflexive. Sentence Transformation

O, paltarı geyir.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O geyinir.
Reflexive removes object.
Is this reflexive? True False Rule

Qapı açıldı.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: True
It describes the state of the door.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Hazırlaşırsan? B: Bəli, ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: hazırlaşıram
First person singular.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

görünür / O / yorğun

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O yorğun görünür.
Correct word order.
Sort by type. Grammar Sorting

Which is reflexive?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: yuyunmaq
Reflexive suffix -in.

Score: /8

سوالات متداول (8)

No, reflexive verbs are for the subject performing the action on themselves.

Use the -n suffix instead of -in.

It is often used to describe appearance, which functions like a reflexive state.

The suffixes -il/-in are shared, so context is the only way to tell.

Usually no, it's redundant. The verb already implies the 'self'.

Most follow the standard suffix rules, but some have drifted in meaning.

Add -mə before the reflexive suffix.

Yes, they are standard in all registers.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish high

Reflexive pronouns (me, te, se)

Suffixes vs Pronouns.

French high

Reflexive verbs (se laver)

Pronouns vs Suffixes.

German moderate

Reflexive verbs (sich)

Pronouns vs Suffixes.

Japanese partial

Passive/Potential/Reflexive overlaps

Agglutination style.

Arabic moderate

Form V (ta- prefix)

Prefix vs Suffix.

Chinese low

Self-reflexive pronouns (ziji)

Analytic vs Synthetic.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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