صفت + مصدر (یادگیری آسان است)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'to' + verb after adjectives to describe an action, express feelings, or give opinions about a task.
- Use 'to' after adjectives of difficulty like 'easy' or 'hard' (It's easy to learn).
- Use 'to' after adjectives of emotion like 'happy' or 'sad' (I'm happy to help).
- Add 'not' before 'to' for negative sentences (It's important not to forget).
مرور کلی
to-infinitive انجام میدیم. این یکی از اون ابزارهای فوقالعاده پرکاربرده که باعث میشه شبیه کتابهای درسی نباشی و بیشتر شبیه یه آدم واقعی به نظر بیای. چه داری از لگ داشتن یه بازی شکایت میکنی، چه به یه دوستت میگی که از وایرال شدن تیکتاکش خوشحالی، این الگو بهترین دوستته.to + verb) وصل میکنه. ما ازش استفاده میکنیم تا بگیم یه چیزی چقدر راحت یا سخته، چه حسی نسبت به یه کار داریم، یا رفتار کسی رو قضاوت کنیم.It is important (مهمه)، دوستت منتظر بقیه جملهست. It is important to charge your phone (مهمه که گوشیت رو شارژ کنی) فکرت رو کامل میکنه.این گرامر چطور کار میکنه
I am happy to meet you. سادهست، نه؟It is hard to wake up early (زود بیدار شدن سخته). این 'It' واقعا معنای خاصی نداره؛ فقط در رو برای اطلاعات واقعی باز نگه میداره. دوم، از یه آدم یا چیز واقعی به عنوان فاعل استفاده میکنیم: You are lucky to win that giveaway (تو خوششانسی که اون جایزه رو بردی).to + فعل. مثل یه ست لگو میمونه که قطعاتش فقط وقتی به هم وصل میشن که to وسطشون باشه.to رو گم کنی، کل ساختار سریعتر از صفحه نمایش یه گوشی ارزون از هم میپاشه.
الگوی ساخت
It is برای جملات کلی یا I am / You are / She is برای افراد خاص استفاده کن. اگه درباره گذشته یا آینده حرف میزنی، از was یا will be استفاده کن.
happy (خوشحال)، surprised (متعجب))، یه سطح دشواری (easy (آسان)، impossible (غیرممکن))، یا یه قضاوت (kind (مهربان)، wrong (اشتباه)) رو توصیف کنه.
to-infinitive رو بچسبون: با to به اضافه شکل پایه فعل تمومش کن. اینجا به فعل -ing یا -ed اضافه نکن. این همون فعل «لخت» با بادیگاردش یعنی to هست.
It (فاعل) + is (فعل) + dangerous (صفت) + to share (مصدر با to) + your password.
for [someone] رو اضافه کنی. It is easy for me to use this app. فقط خیلی جوگیر نشو و یه پاراگراف کامل وسطش اضافه نکن، وگرنه شنونده یادت میره جمله چطوری شروع شده بود!
کی استفاده کنیم
This game is fun to play. وقتی داری مودبانه حرف میزنی: I’m sorry to bother you.I was shocked to hear the news. همچنین بهترین انتخاب برای توصیف کارها یا چالشهاست. اگه سر کار هستی و رئیست درباره یه پروژه میپرسه، ممکنه بگی It’s simple to fix یا It’s too complex to explain right now.enough یا too میشنوی. I’m too tired to scroll any further (خستهتر از اونم که بیشتر اسکرول کنم) یا The coffee is hot enough to drink. کلا هر وقت بخوای یه ویژگی رو به یه فعالیت وصل کنی، این الگو به کارت میآد.
اشتباهات رایج
-ing استفاده کنن چون توی زمینههای دیگه طبیعی به نظر میرسه. ممکنه بخوای بگی 'It is easy learning English'، اما این یه باگ در سیستمه. درستش اینه: It is easy to learn English. یه اشتباه کلاسیک دیگه اینه که کلا to رو فراموش کنی. I am happy see you شبیه یه ربات خراب به نظر میرسه. تو به اون to نیاز داری تا قطعات رو به هم بچسبونه. همچنین حواست به اشتباه «Itِ گمشده» باشه. توی بعضی زبانها، میتونی جمله رو با صفت شروع کنی. توی انگلیسی، ما به اون فاعل موقت It نیاز داریم. نگو 'Is hard to finish'؛ بگو It is hard to finish. در نهایت، این رو با الگوی «صفت + حرف اضافه» اشتباه نگیر. اگه بگی I’m good at (توی فلان چیز خوبم)، باید از -ing استفاده کنی (I’m good at gaming). اما اگه از easy استفاده کنی، به مصدر نیاز داری (It is easy to game on this PC). قاطی کردن اینها مثل اینه که بخوای یه آیفون رو با کابل USB-C شارژ کنی؛ اصلا جا نمیره.مقایسه با الگوهای مشابه
interested همیشه in + -ing میگیره. تو interested in learning هستی، نه 'interested to learn' (هرچند ممکنه مردم باز هم منظورت رو بفهمن). با این حال، happy یا ready تقریبا همیشه مصدر میگیرن: ready to go (آماده برای رفتن)، happy to stay (خوشحال برای موندن).I’m surprised that you called (تعجب کردم که زنگ زدی)، یا میتونی از قانون خودمون استفاده کنی: I’m surprised to receive your call. نسخه مصدری معمولا جمعوجورتره و یه جورایی مستقیمتر به نظر میرسه.سؤالات رایج
آیا میتونم این رو با هر صفتی استفاده کنم؟
تا حد زیادی بله! مخصوصا اونهایی که احساسات، میزان دشواری یا نظرات رو توصیف میکنن.
اگه بخوام منفیش کنم چی؟
فقط کافیه not رو قبل از to بذاری. It’s important not to forget your keys.
هر دو! هم توی مصاحبه کاری ازش استفاده میکنی (I’m eager to start) و هم با دوستات (It’s great to see you).
میتونم از 'too' با این ساختار استفاده کنم؟
بله! Too + صفت + مصدر یعنی چیزی غیرممکن یا منفیه. It’s too expensive to buy.
درباره 'enough' چطور؟
از صفت + enough + مصدر استفاده کن. I’m old enough to decide for myself.
آیا زمان فعل، مصدر رو تغییر میده؟
Common Adjective + To-Infinitive Patterns
| Subject | Verb 'Be' | Adjective | Infinitive (to + verb) | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
It
|
is
|
easy
|
to learn
|
It is easy to learn.
|
|
I
|
am
|
happy
|
to help
|
I am happy to help.
|
|
They
|
were
|
surprised
|
to see
|
They were surprised to see us.
|
|
It
|
is
|
important
|
not to go
|
It is important not to go.
|
|
She
|
is
|
ready
|
to start
|
She is ready to start.
|
|
It
|
was
|
kind
|
to say
|
It was kind to say that.
|
Contractions in this Structure
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage |
|---|---|---|
|
It is easy
|
It's easy
|
Very common in speech
|
|
I am happy
|
I'm happy
|
Standard informal/neutral
|
|
It was not easy
|
It wasn't easy
|
Common in past tense
|
Meanings
This structure is used to provide more information about an adjective by following it with an infinitive verb. It often describes the difficulty, emotion, or necessity associated with an action.
Difficulty and Ease
Describing how hard or easy an action is to perform.
“It's hard to breathe in this heat.”
“The instructions were simple to follow.”
Emotional Reaction
Expressing how someone feels about doing something.
“I'm delighted to meet you.”
“She was surprised to see him there.”
Judgment and Character
Commenting on someone's behavior or character traits.
“It was kind of you to help.”
“It's rude to interrupt people.”
Necessity and Importance
Stating that an action is required or vital.
“It's important to arrive on time.”
“It is necessary to sign the form.”
Reference Table
| صفت (Adjective) | معنی | مثال (Example Sentence) | نکته تمرکز |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Easy
|
آسان
|
It's `easy to learn` new words.
|
easy to learn
|
|
Hard
|
سخت
|
It was `hard to solve` the puzzle.
|
hard to solve
|
|
Important
|
مهم
|
It's `important to listen` carefully.
|
important to listen
|
|
Pleasant
|
لذتبخش
|
It's `pleasant to walk` in the park.
|
pleasant to walk
|
|
Impossible
|
غیرممکن
|
It's `impossible to predict` the future.
|
impossible to predict
|
|
Exciting
|
هیجانانگیز
|
It's `exciting to start` a new project.
|
exciting to start
|
|
Glad
|
خوشحال
|
I'm `glad to see` you again.
|
glad to see
|
طیف رسمیت
It is quite straightforward to complete the application. (Completing a task)
It's easy to finish the form. (Completing a task)
It's a breeze to do. (Completing a task)
It's a piece of cake to knock out. (Completing a task)
مثالها بر اساس سطح
I am happy to help you.
It is good to see you.
It is easy to read this.
She is sad to go.
It is important to drink water.
It is not easy to learn Chinese.
Are you ready to order?
It is dangerous to swim here.
It is difficult for me to speak in public.
It was very kind of you to invite us.
It is necessary to wear a helmet.
I was surprised to find the door open.
The results are likely to be positive.
It is vital not to underestimate the competition.
He is always the first to arrive at work.
The instructions are too complicated to follow.
It is imperative to address these issues immediately.
She was relieved to have finished the marathon.
It is quite common for students to feel overwhelmed.
The book is well worth the effort to read.
It is incumbent upon the board to ensure transparency.
The theory is far too abstract to be applied practically.
He was loath to admit that he had been mistaken.
It is seldom easy to reconcile such disparate views.
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Learners often use 'to' when a specific preposition is required by the adjective.
Both 'Learning is fun' and 'It is fun to learn' are correct, leading to choice paralysis.
Learners forget the 'to' after enough/too.
اشتباهات رایج
It is easy learn.
It is easy to learn.
I am happy for see you.
I am happy to see you.
It is good to seeing you.
It is good to see you.
Is easy to go.
It is easy to go.
It is important to not forget.
It is important not to forget.
The book is easy for read.
The book is easy to read.
I am ready for go.
I am ready to go.
It is easy for me learning.
It is easy for me to learn.
It was kind for you to help.
It was kind of you to help.
I am sorry to being late.
I am sorry to be late.
It is easy that I learn.
It is easy for me to learn.
الگوهای جملهسازی
It is ___ to ___.
I am ___ to ___.
It is ___ for ___ to ___.
It was ___ of ___ to ___.
Real World Usage
It's great to hear from you!
I am eager to learn new skills.
It's easy to get lost in this city.
It's important to leave a note for the driver.
So happy to share this news!
It's necessary to take this twice a day.
چه صفتهایی مناسبن؟
حواست به فرم فعل باشه!
It's easy to learn نه It's easy learning. این یه اشتباه رایجه.مشخص کن برای کی آسونه یا سخته!
for + اسم یا ضمیر رو اضافه کن. مثلاً: It's hard for me to understand.اینجوری حرفهایتر شو!
It's + صفت + مصدر باعث میشه انگلیسیات خیلی طبیعیتر و روانتر به نظر بیاد. این یه نشونهی زبانه!فقط "It's" نیست!
The task was hard to complete یا He is difficult to work with. این ساختار خیلی کاربردیه.Smart Tips
Start your sentence with 'It's better to...' or 'It's important to...'. It sounds much more polite than a direct command.
Use the 'for [person]' bridge right after the adjective.
Always place 'not' as a guard in front of 'to'.
Switch 'for' to 'of' to sound more native when talking about someone's character.
تلفظ
The 'to' reduction
In natural speech, 'to' is often reduced to a weak 'tuh' /tə/.
Linking 'is' and 'easy'
The 's' in 'is' links to the 'e' in 'easy', sounding like /ɪzi/.
Emphasis on the Adjective
It's EASY to learn. (Stress on EASY)
Emphasizing the quality of the action.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Remember: 'Adjectives are the bridge, and TO is the glue.'
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a bridge connecting a 'Happy Face' (Adjective) to a 'Running Man' (Verb). The bridge is labeled 'TO'.
Rhyme
When an adjective is in your view, follow it up with 'to' and do!
Story
A man named 'It' was very 'Happy'. He wanted 'to help' his friend. He found it 'easy to carry' the bags, but 'hard to walk' up the stairs.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Write 5 sentences about your day using 'It is [adjective] to [verb]'. Example: 'It is nice to drink coffee.'
نکات فرهنگی
British speakers frequently use 'It's kind of you to...' as a polite way to say thank you or accept a gift.
American English often uses 'It's important to...' in business settings to be direct but professional.
This structure is preferred in international business because it is clear and avoids the ambiguity of some gerund phrases.
The 'to' particle in English originally indicated direction (like 'towards'). Over time, it became a marker for the infinitive verb.
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
Is it easy to find good food in your city?
What is the most important thing to do for a healthy life?
Were you surprised to see how much technology has changed?
Is it rude to use your phone at the dinner table?
موضوعات نگارش
اشتباهات رایج
Test Yourself
It's so important ___ your friends.
Find and fix the mistake:
The book was difficult understanding.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Es emocionante viajar a nuevos lugares.'
Answer starts with: ["I...
Score: /4
تمرینهای عملی
8 exercisesIt is important ___ (brush) your teeth every day.
Find and fix the mistake:
It is difficult for me learning English grammar.
Which sentence is correct?
not / to / important / it / is / forget / .
How do you say this in English?
Match: 1. Happy, 2. Hard, 3. Ready
A: 'I'm so nervous about the test.' B: 'Don't worry, it's ___.'
Identify the incorrect sentence.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesIt's often challenging ___ focused during long lectures.
I'm happy helping you with your project.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Es imposible terminar esto hoy.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the adjectives with the correct action:
The movie was thrilling ___ from start to finish.
It's too late starting now.
Which sentence is correct?
Translate into English: 'Fue amable de tu parte invitarme.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the emotions with what they relate to:
Score: /12
سوالات متداول (8)
Yes, both are correct. However, `It is easy to learn` is much more common in spoken English because it emphasizes the adjective first.
We use `of` when the adjective describes the person's character (kind, mean, brave). We use `for` when the adjective describes the difficulty or effect of the action (hard, easy, important).
In casual speech, people say this often. However, in formal writing, you should put `not` before `to`: 'It's important not to forget.'
Most adjectives work, especially those describing difficulty, emotions, or opinions. However, some adjectives like `interested` or `afraid` often prefer a preposition + gerund (afraid of falling).
If you aren't using a person as the subject (like 'I am happy'), then yes, English requires the 'dummy' subject `It`.
Just change the verb 'be' to the past tense: `It was easy to learn` or `I was happy to help.` The infinitive part (`to learn`) stays the same.
Yes! This is a common extension: `It is too hot to eat` or `He is old enough to drive.`
It is neutral. It is used in both very formal academic writing and very casual text messages.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Es fácil de [verbo]
Spanish uses 'de' or 'para' instead of 'to'.
C'est facile à [verbo]
French has two different particles (à/de) while English mostly uses 'to'.
Es ist leicht zu [verbo]
The 'zu' in German often comes at the very end of the clause.
[Verb] no wa kantan desu
Japanese uses nominalization particles instead of an infinitive marker.
Min al-sahli an [verb]
Arabic uses a 'that' (an) conjunction rather than a 'to' particle.
Hen rongyi [verb]
Chinese has no infinitive marker or 'dummy' subject.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
ویدیوهای مرتبط
01:20 The Mountain of Material You Never See
07:21 The Business of Piracy: How Pirate Ships Actually Worked
06:50 All Penguins Are From Australia
گرامر زبان انگلیسی: ساختار Adjective + Infinitive
English with Me
یادگیری زبان انگلیسی - گرامر adjective + infinitive
English with Mr. Kaveh
Adjective + Infinitive | گرامر زبان انگلیسی | سطح متوسط
English with Amin
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