مصدر مرخم بعد از حروف اضافه (چرا بعد از 'For', 'In', 'About' از -ing استفاده میکنیم)
-ing (گراند) فعل استفاده کنی. یادت باشه: Preposition + Gerund!
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
In English, whenever a verb follows a preposition, it must almost always take the gerund (-ing) form.
- Use -ing after simple prepositions like 'in', 'on', 'at', 'for', 'from'. Example: 'I'm good at cooking.'
- Use -ing after phrasal verbs ending in prepositions. Example: 'He gave up smoking.'
- Use -ing after 'to' when 'to' is a preposition, not an infinitive marker. Example: 'I look forward to meeting you.'
مرور کلی
in ،on ،at ،for و about مثل سلبریتیهای پرادعا و حساس هستن. اونا یک لیست «ورود ممنوع» خیلی مشخص برای یه سری از کلمات دارن. اونا مطلقاً قبول نمیکنن که کنار یک فعل مصدر یا infinitive (اونایی که to دارن) بایستن.-ing به انتهای فعل، تو یک عمل رو به یک «چیز» تبدیل میکنی. حالا هم حرف اضافه خوشحاله، هم معلمت خوشحاله و هم تو مثل یک حرفهای به نظر میای.at کجا قرار میگیره. اگه بتونی توی این موضوع استاد بشی، دیگه اون اشتباهات ضایعی رو که نشون میده هنوز یک «زبانآموز» مبتدی هستی انجام نمیدی.thanks for coming و نمیگیم thanks for to come. همهاش زیر سر حرفهای اضافهست، رفیق. نگران نباش، یاد گرفتنش از پیدا کردن یک جفت جوراب لنگهبهلنگه توی یک اتاق تاریک هم راحتتره.
این گرامر چطور کار میکنه
-ing انجام میدیم.about رو در نظر بگیر. اگه بگی "I'm thinking about coffee"، کلمه coffee یک اسمه. عالیه.ordering coffee.« حالا عملِ سفارش دادن (ordering) شده »مفعولِ" حرف اضافه. این مثل یک راه دررو قانونی توی زبان انگلیسیه.of ،with ،without ،before ،after ،by ،for ،about ،at ،in ،on. حتی کلمه to هم بعضی وقتها به عنوان حرف اضافه عمل میکنه که دیگه مرحله غولِ این قانون گرامریه. معمولاً to بخشی از مصدره (to eat)، اما گاهی اوقات خودش حرف اضافهست (مثل look forward to).-ing میخواد. اگه این رو یادت بره، ممکنه به یکی بگی good at cook و اون طرف با خودش فکر کنه که تو واقعاً یک آشپز مخفی هستی یا فقط کسی هستی که دوست داره ویدیوهای گوردون رمزی رو توی یوتیوب تماشا کنه!
الگوی ساخت
for ،in ،at ،without).
study ،run ،text).
-ing بچسبون.
جدول صرف
| Preposition | Verb + -ing | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|
| --- | --- | --- |
in |
learning |
I am interested in learning English. |
for |
helping |
Thanks for helping me with the app. |
about |
talking |
We talked about talking to the boss. |
without |
saying |
He left without saying goodbye. |
after |
watching |
After watching Netflix, I went to bed. |
by |
practicing |
You improve by practicing every day. |
at |
gaming |
She is really good at gaming on her PC. |
جنسیت و تطابق
learning ،running یا eating باقی میمونه. اینجا خبری از نگرانیهای un یا une نیست. اسم مصدر دقیقاً همون شکلی میمونه، بدون توجه به اینکه چه کسی داره اون کار رو انجام میده.
کی استفاده کنیم
I am bored with waiting. (از منتظر موندن خسته شدم). She is excited about traveling. (اون برای سفر کردن هیجانزدهست). دوم، بعد از فعلها.He apologized for being late. (اون برای دیر کردن عذرخواهی کرد). They insisted on paying the bill. (اونا روی پرداخت صورتحساب اصرار کردن).The reason for calling you was to say hi. (دلیل زنگ زدنم بهت این بود که سلام بدم). چهارم، در ابتدای جمله برای نشون دادن اینکه کاری چطوری انجام شده.By using this app, you can learn faster.Before going out, check the weather.سطوح رسمی بودن
- **Formal
**
I look forward to receiving your reply. (ایمیل رسمی و کاری)
- **Informal
** "I'm excited about seeing you!" (پیامک به یک دوست)
- **Casual
**
Thanks for hanging out. (بعد از یک قرار دوستانه برای قهوه)
دقت کن که گرامر بین این سطحها تغییر نمیکنه، اما انتخاب فعل و حرف اضافه ممکنه فرق کنه. توی یک مصاحبه کاری در زوم میگی
I have experience in managing teams، در حالی که توی تیکتاک ممکنه کامنت بذاری Obsessed with watching this!. هر دو از نظر گرامری کاملاً یکسان هستن.
اشتباهات رایج
Thank you for to help meبه جای اینکه بگن
Thank you for helping me. این به این دلیل اتفاق میافته که توی خیلی از زبانها بعد از حرف اضافه از مصدر استفاده میشه. اما انگلیسی تصمیم گرفته نوجوونِ کلهشقِ خانواده زبانهای ژرمنی باشه و کارها رو متفاوت انجام بده! یک اشتباه دیگه، فراموش کردن کلِ حرف اضافهست. "She's good dancing« جوری به نظر میاد انگار یکی از دندونهات افتاده و حرفت ناقصه! باید باشه: »She's good at dancing.« در نهایت، حواست به تله »to« باشه. »I'm used to get up early« غلطه. حتماً باید باشه »I'm used to getting up early." در این مورد، to خودش یک حرف اضافهست، نه بخشی از مصدر. این کلمه یک موجود موذی و کوچیکه، مثل گربهای که وانمود میکنه بهش غذا ندادن، در حالی که قطعاً خورده!
ترفند حافظه
به قانون پینگ (PING) فکر کن. هر وقت یک حرف اضافه (Preposition) دیدی و خواستی بعدش از یک عمل استفاده کنی، به فعلی نیاز داری که آخرش ING داشته باشه. P + ING = PING! این همون صدای «دینگ» هست که وقتی یه چیزی رو درست میگی، باید توی مغزت شنیده بشه.
مقایسه با الگوهای مشابه
کلمه to وقتی که علامت مصدر هست رو با to وقتی که حرف اضافهست اشتباه نگیر.
I want to go. (اینجا حرف اضافهای در کار نیست، فقط یک الگوی فعلیه).I am committed to improving. (اینجا to یک حرف اضافهست که به صفت committed وصل شده).چطوری تفاوتشون رو بفهمی؟ سعی کن فعل رو با یک اسم مثل chocolate (شکلات) جایگزین کنی. اگه بتونی بگی
I am committed to chocolate(من به شکلات متعهدم)، پس اون
to حرف اضافهست و به gerund نیاز داره. اما اگه I want chocolate درست باشه ولی ساختار فرق کنه (نمیتونی بگی I want to chocolate)، پس اون
to علامت مصدره.
مکالمات واقعی
- Scenario: Ordering Food
- Sam: Are you interested in ordering sushi tonight?
- Alex: I'm actually thinking about making pasta instead.
- Sam: Without asking me first? How rude!
- Alex: Well, thanks for being so dramatic about it.
- Scenario: Work Zoom Call
- Manager: I apologize for starting the meeting late.
- Employee: No problem. I spent the time checking my emails.
- Manager: We need to focus on hitting our targets this month.
سؤالات رایج
آیا میتونم بعد از to از -ing استفاده کنم؟
بله، اگه to یک حرف اضافه باشه. مثال:
I look forward to meeting you.
کدوم درسته؟
sorry for being lateیا
sorry to be late؟
هر دو درست هستن، اما
sorry for being late الگوی حرف اضافه + gerund هست. sorry to be lateالگوی مصدر (infinitive) هست. برای اینکه خیالت راحت باشه، از gerund استفاده کن!
آیا این قانون با by هم کار میکنه؟
صد در صد! by یکی از رایجترین حرفهای اضافه برای این ساختاره.
You save money by cooking at home.
تمرین پیشرونده
Easy: I'm tired of (wait) waiting for the bus.
Medium: She left the party without (say) saying anything to the host.
Hard: Despite (have) having a broken leg, he insisted on (walk) walking to the store.
Expert: Are you used to (live) living in such a noisy city after (move) moving from the countryside?
Structure of Prepositional Gerunds
| Preposition | Negative (Optional) | Gerund (-ing) | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
about
|
|
leaving
|
I'm thinking about leaving.
|
|
for
|
not
|
coming
|
Sorry for not coming.
|
|
at
|
|
singing
|
She's great at singing.
|
|
without
|
|
asking
|
Don't go without asking.
|
|
of
|
not
|
knowing
|
The fear of not knowing.
|
|
to
|
|
working
|
I'm used to working.
|
Meanings
The use of the gerund form of a verb (the -ing form) as the object of a preposition to describe an action related to that preposition.
General Prepositional Use
Following standard prepositions like 'of', 'about', 'for', 'with', 'without', 'by'.
“I'm thinking about moving to London.”
“You can't learn English without practicing.”
Adjective + Preposition Combinations
Used when an adjective requires a specific preposition which then takes a gerund.
“She is afraid of flying.”
“We are interested in buying the house.”
The 'To' Preposition Trap
Using -ing after 'to' when 'to' functions as a preposition rather than part of an infinitive.
“I am used to waking up early.”
“I object to paying extra for water.”
Reference Table
| حرف اضافه | عبارت مثال | معنی | کاربرد رایج |
|---|---|---|---|
|
for
|
for studying
|
هدف/دلیل
|
Thanks for helping.
|
|
in
|
in learning
|
روش/مشارکت
|
She succeeded in learning French.
|
|
about
|
about reading
|
موضوع/نگرانی
|
I'm excited about reading that book.
|
|
by
|
by practicing
|
روش
|
Improve by practicing daily.
|
|
before
|
before leaving
|
ارجاع زمانی
|
Wash hands before eating.
|
|
after
|
after finishing
|
ارجاع زمانی
|
Relax after working hard.
|
|
without
|
without asking
|
عدم وجود/نبود
|
He left without saying goodbye.
|
|
from
|
from falling
|
پیشگیری
|
They prevented her from falling.
|
طیف رسمیت
I look forward to meeting with you to discuss the proposal. (Professional to Social)
I'm looking forward to seeing you next week. (Professional to Social)
Can't wait for hanging out later! (Professional to Social)
Stoked for catching up tonight. (Professional to Social)
گراندها بعد از حروف اضافه
حروف اضافه رایج
- for هدف، دلیل
- in روش، مشارکت
- about موضوع، نگرانی
- by وسیله، روش
- before زمان
- after زمان
- without نبود
- from پیشگیری
مثالهای کلیدی
- Thanks for helping. قدردانی
- Good at swimming. مهارت
- Excited about starting. احساس
- Improve by practicing. روش
- Before leaving. توالی
'To' به عنوان حرف اضافه
- Look forward to seeing. انتظار
- Accustomed to working. عادت
- Addicted to gaming. وابستگی
گراند در مقابل To-Infinitive بعد از 'To'
آیا بعد از این کلمه باید از -ing استفاده کنم؟
آیا کلمه یک حرف اضافه است؟ (مثلاً in, on, for, about, by, without, before, after)
حروف اضافه و دوستان گراندشان
هدف/دلیل
- • for studying
- • for helping
روش/وسیله
- • by practicing
- • in learning
توالی زمانی
- • before leaving
- • after finishing
احساسات/افکار
- • about starting
- • interested in joining
پیشگیری/نبود
- • from falling
- • without asking
عبارات ثابت
- • look forward to seeing
- • accustomed to working
مثالها بر اساس سطح
Thank you for coming.
Gracias por venir.
I am good at cooking.
Soy bueno cocinando.
She is interested in music.
Ella está interesada en la música.
He left without eating.
Él se fue sin comer.
What about going to the cinema?
¿Qué tal si vamos al cine?
I'm tired of working late.
Estoy cansado de trabajar hasta tarde.
They are afraid of losing the game.
Tienen miedo de perder el partido.
She is famous for singing pop songs.
Ella es famosa por cantar canciones pop.
I look forward to meeting you next week.
Espero con ansias conocerte la próxima semana.
He succeeded in passing the exam.
Él tuvo éxito en aprobar el examen.
We are thinking of buying a new car.
Estamos pensando en comprar un coche nuevo.
Instead of complaining, you should help.
En lugar de quejarte, deberías ayudar.
I'm not used to driving on the left.
No estoy acostumbrado a conducir por la izquierda.
She apologized for not calling earlier.
Ella se disculpó por no llamar antes.
He was accused of stealing the money.
Fue acusado de robar el dinero.
There's no point in waiting any longer.
No tiene sentido esperar más.
With a view to expanding the business, they hired more staff.
Con miras a expandir el negocio, contrataron más personal.
I have no objection to your staying here.
No tengo objeción a que te quedes aquí.
He is dedicated to preserving the environment.
Él está dedicado a preservar el medio ambiente.
In addition to being a doctor, she is a pilot.
Además de ser doctora, es piloto.
The rationale for implementing such measures remains unclear.
La lógica para implementar tales medidas sigue sin estar clara.
He took exception to being called a liar.
Se ofendió por ser llamado mentiroso.
Notwithstanding his having failed, he tried again.
A pesar de haber fallado, lo intentó de nuevo.
They are on the verge of discovering a cure.
Están a punto de descubrir una cura.
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Learners use 'for' + infinitive to explain why they do something.
'I used to smoke' (past habit) vs 'I am used to smoking' (familiarity).
Thinking 'to' always precedes a base verb.
اشتباهات رایج
Thanks for help me.
Thanks for helping me.
I'm good at cook.
I'm good at cooking.
Before go, say bye.
Before going, say bye.
I'm interested in learn.
I'm interested in learning.
He left without to say anything.
He left without saying anything.
How about to go out?
How about going out?
I'm afraid of fly.
I'm afraid of flying.
I look forward to see you.
I look forward to seeing you.
I'm used to wake up early.
I'm used to waking up early.
He apologized for be late.
He apologized for being late.
In addition to be rich, he is kind.
In addition to being rich, he is kind.
الگوهای جملهسازی
I am thinking about ___.
Thank you for ___.
She is famous for ___.
Despite ___ , he stayed happy.
Real World Usage
I am responsible for overseeing the budget.
How about grabbing a coffee?
Check the weather before heading out.
Obsessed with watching these tutorials!
This study focuses on identifying the causes...
After boiling the water, add the pasta.
حروف اضافه سختگیرن!
مراقب 'To' باش!
to eat, to sleep)، اما گاهی اوقات خودش به عنوان یه حرف اضافه عمل میکنه (مثلاً توی look forward to, be used to). توی این موارد، حتماً باید بعدش گراند بیاد! نذار گولت بزنه. "Don't let it trick you."گوش کن و تقلید کن
Try to imitate their patterns in your own speech.
ابراز قدردانی
for helping me' یا 'I appreciate you for doing that' خیلی رایج و مودبانه است. استفاده درست از گراند اینجا باعث میشه قدردانیت واقعی و طبیعی به نظر برسه. Using the correct gerund here makes your gratitude sound genuine and natural.
ترکیب صفت + حرف اضافه
good at, interested in, worried about. وقتی این ترکیبهای صفت-حرف اضافه رو یاد میگیری، یادت باشه فعلی که بعدش میاد همیشه باید گراند باشه! Remember the verb that follows will always be a gerund!
Smart Tips
Try putting the word 'it' after 'to'. If the sentence still makes sense, 'to' is a preposition. Use -ing!
Always use 'for' + -ing. It's the most polite and natural way to express gratitude for an action.
If you don't want to say 'I' or 'You', just use the -ing form directly after 'before' or 'after'.
Remember that the 'particle' in a phrasal verb is often a preposition. Treat it like one!
تلفظ
The 'ng' sound
In the gerund ending '-ing', the 'g' is usually silent. The sound is a nasal /ŋ/.
Linking
Prepositions ending in a consonant often link to the gerund if it starts with a vowel sound.
Stress on the Gerund
I'm good at SWIMMING.
The focus is on the activity.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Prepositions are 'Noun-Hungry'. If you feed them a verb, you must dress it as a noun with an -ing hat.
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a bridge (the preposition) that only allows cars (nouns) to cross. A person (verb) wants to cross, so they have to get inside a car-shaped costume labeled '-ing'.
Rhyme
After 'at', 'for', 'in', and 'of', the -ing form is what we love!
Story
A chef was 'good at' cooking, but 'tired of' cleaning. He 'thought about' quitting, but 'dreamed of' winning a Michelin star. He 'succeeded in' finishing his shift 'without' complaining.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Write 5 sentences about your day using 'before', 'after', 'by', 'for', and 'about' followed by an -ing verb.
نکات فرهنگی
In the UK, 'keen on' + gerund is very common for expressing interest.
Americans frequently use 'excited about' or 'into' + gerund.
Using 'look forward to + -ing' is the gold standard for closing professional emails globally.
The English gerund originates from Old English verbal nouns ending in '-ung' or '-ing'.
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
What are you most interested in learning this year?
Are you used to waking up early on weekends?
What is something you have given up doing recently?
What are you looking forward to doing on your next vacation?
موضوعات نگارش
اشتباهات رایج
Test Yourself
She apologized `for ___` late to the meeting.
Find and fix the mistake:
He is very good at to cook Italian food.
جمله صحیح را انتخاب کنید:
Translate into English: 'Ella sueña con viajar por el mundo.'
Answer starts with: ["S...
Score: /4
تمرینهای عملی
8 exercisesI'm interested in ___ (learn) more about your culture.
Which sentence is grammatically correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
I look forward to see you at the party.
apologized / for / late / being / she
1. Good at... 2. Afraid of... 3. Tired of...
You can use an infinitive (to + verb) after the preposition 'for' to explain purpose.
A: Are you coming to the park? B: No, I'm tired of ___.
Identify the odd one out.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
13 exercisesI'm tired `of ___` the same old movies.
They apologized for be late.
Which sentence is correct?
Translate into English: 'Él es bueno para reparar coches.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Many people are addicted `to ___` on their phones.
I look forward to meet you next week.
Select the correct sentence:
Match the phrases:
She prides herself `on ___` her goals.
Translate into English: 'Él se disculpó por no haber llamado.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Choose the correct sentence:
Score: /13
سوالات متداول (8)
In English, prepositions like `for` cannot be followed by an infinitive. You must use the gerund `helping` to make the verb act like a noun.
No. Sometimes it is an infinitive marker (e.g., `I want to go`). If you can put a noun after it (e.g., `I'm used to coffee`), it's a preposition and needs `-ing`.
Yes! Put `not` before the gerund. Example: `He is famous for not giving up.`
If a phrasal verb ends in a preposition (like `give up` or `keep on`), the next verb must be an `-ing` form.
Both are correct, but they use different rules. `Sorry for being late` uses the prepositional gerund rule. `Sorry to be late` uses the adjective + infinitive rule.
Yes, almost all prepositions in English follow this rule when followed by a verb.
It is used in all registers, from casual texting to academic papers. It is a core rule of the language.
This depends on the adjective or verb before it. For example, we say `interested in` but `good at`. You must learn these combinations together.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Preposición + Infinitivo
Spanish uses the infinitive where English uses the gerund.
Préposition + Infinitif
French prepositions (except 'en') take the infinitive.
Präposition + Nomen / zu + Infinitiv
German uses nominalization or infinitive clauses.
Verb (Dictionary form) + no/koto + Preposition
Japanese requires a nominalizer particle.
Preposition + Masdar
The Masdar is a distinct noun form, not just a verb with a suffix.
Preposition + Verb
No suffix like -ing is needed in Chinese.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
ویدیوهای مرتبط
03:59 Why I Still Use Paper
09:58 How We Make Money on YouTube with 20M Subs
05:37 What’s the best way to lift people out of poverty?
How to use GERUNDS and INFINITIVES | Confusing English Grammar
mmmEnglish
English Grammar | GERUNDS in 5 simple steps
Arnel's Everyday English
GERUND (ing) or INFINITIVE (to) – Everything You Need to Know!
JForrest English
Related Grammar Rules
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Overview آیا تا به حال به طور تصادفی به فالوورهای اینستاگرام خود گفتهاید که قهوه صبحگاهیتان بعد از یک خواب طولانی `fee...
مصدر و اسم مصدر مجهول (being done / to be done)
Overview آیا تا به حال حس کردهاید که فقط یک شخصیت فرعی در فیلمی هستید که توسط شخص دیگری `being directed` (کارگردانی می...
Stop + اسم مصدر (Gerund) در مقابل مصدر (Infinitive): ترک کردن در مقابل توقف موقت
### Overview زبان انگلیسی، با وجود ساختار منطقیاش، گاهی اوقات ظرافتهایی دارد که میتواند برای زبانآموزان چالشبرانگی...
Infinitives and Gerunds: Verb Patterns (Want to Go / Enjoy Going)
## Infinitives and Gerunds: Verb Patterns ### Verbs + to + infinitive - **want**: I want **to eat**. - **need**: She ne...
عبارات وصفی انگلیسی: انجام دو کار همزمان (V-ing)
### Overview استفاده از ساختارهای Participle Clause در زبان انگلیسی، به خصوص با شکل V-ing (Present Participle)، یکی از ا...
