afflict در ۳۰ ثانیه
- To cause persistent suffering or distress.
- Often used passively for diseases or serious problems.
- Implies significant hardship, not minor annoyances.
- Formal tone, common in news and medical contexts.
- Core Meaning
- To cause persistent physical or mental suffering, distress, or trouble to a person or group. It is frequently used in the passive voice to describe someone suffering from a disease, disability, or serious social problem.
- Nuance
- The word 'afflict' implies a significant and often prolonged negative impact. It's not typically used for minor inconveniences but for conditions or situations that deeply trouble or harm someone.
- Common Usage
- You'll often hear 'afflict' used in contexts of illness, poverty, war, or other widespread societal issues. For example, 'The country was afflicted by famine.' It can also refer to mental anguish, such as 'His conscience continued to afflict him.'
- Passive Voice Preference
- A key characteristic of 'afflict' is its frequent use in the passive voice. This shifts the focus to the suffering individual or group rather than the agent causing the suffering. For instance, 'She was afflicted with a rare disease' is more common than 'The disease afflicted her.' This passive construction emphasizes the experience of being affected.
- Formal Tone
- 'Afflict' carries a relatively formal tone. While understandable in everyday conversation, it's more commonly found in written texts, news reports, academic discussions, and speeches dealing with serious topics.
The prolonged drought continued to afflict the region, causing widespread hardship.
Many people in the developing world are afflicted by preventable diseases.
The constant criticism began to afflict her spirits.
He was afflicted with a deep sense of guilt after the incident.
The nation found itself afflicted by political instability for years.
- Active Voice: Subject as Agent
- When 'afflict' is used in the active voice, the subject is the entity causing the suffering. This structure is less common but still grammatically correct.
- Passive Voice: Subject as Sufferer
- The most frequent construction involves the passive voice, where the subject is the one experiencing the suffering. This is often followed by 'with' to specify the cause of the affliction.
- With Nouns of Suffering
- 'Afflict' can be used with nouns that represent suffering, such as 'pain,' 'grief,' or 'worry,' to describe their persistent effect.
- With Abstract Concepts
- Beyond physical ailments, 'afflict' can describe how abstract issues like social injustice, economic hardship, or psychological distress can negatively impact individuals or communities.
- Verb Tense Variation
- Like most verbs, 'afflict' can be used in various tenses (present, past, future, perfect) to describe ongoing, completed, or future suffering.
The relentless mosquitoes afflicted the campers throughout their stay.
She was afflicted with chronic back pain that limited her mobility.
The community was afflicted by a severe economic downturn.
His mind was afflicted by persistent nightmares.
The constant worry began to afflict her health.
- News Reports and Documentaries
- You'll frequently encounter 'afflict' in news coverage discussing natural disasters, widespread diseases, economic crises, or social problems. For example, 'The region was afflicted by a devastating earthquake.' Documentaries often use it to describe the challenges faced by communities or individuals.
- Medical and Health Contexts
- In medical discussions, 'afflicted with' is a common phrase to describe patients suffering from particular illnesses or conditions, especially chronic or serious ones. 'He was afflicted with a rare autoimmune disorder.' This usage emphasizes the persistent nature of the ailment.
- Academic and Research Papers
- Scholars and researchers use 'afflict' when discussing the impact of various factors on populations or individuals. This could be in sociology, economics, public health, or history. 'The study examined how poverty afflicted vulnerable groups.'
- Speeches and Formal Addresses
- Politicians, community leaders, and public figures might use 'afflict' in formal speeches to highlight the severity of issues they are addressing and to evoke empathy or a call to action. 'We must work together to alleviate the suffering that afflicts our citizens.'
- Literature and Historical Texts
- Classic literature and historical accounts often employ 'afflict' to describe the hardships faced by characters or societies in past times. This contributes to the word's enduring formal and somewhat somber connotation.
The news anchor reported that the coastal region was afflicted by severe flooding.
The doctor explained that the patient was afflicted with a progressive neurological disorder.
Sociological studies often discuss how systemic issues afflict marginalized communities.
In his speech, the mayor vowed to address the crime that continued to afflict the city.
The historical novel depicted the hardships that afflicted the early settlers.
- Using 'Afflict' for Minor Issues
- A common mistake is using 'afflict' to describe minor inconveniences or temporary annoyances. For example, saying 'The rain afflicted my mood' is too strong. For such situations, words like 'bother,' 'annoy,' or 'disappoint' are more appropriate.
- Incorrect Preposition Usage
- While 'afflict' can be used in the active voice (e.g., 'The disease afflicted him'), it's far more common in the passive voice, often with the preposition 'with' ('He was afflicted with the disease'). Confusing these or omitting 'with' in passive constructions can sound unnatural.
- Confusing with 'Inflict'
- 'Afflict' and 'inflict' are often confused because they sound similar and both relate to causing something negative. However, 'inflict' means to impose something unpleasant or unwanted, often deliberately, like inflicting pain or damage. 'Afflict' is about causing suffering or distress, often passively experienced. 'He inflicted a wound' versus 'He was afflicted with pain.' The former implies action; the latter implies suffering.
- Overuse in Casual Conversation
- Due to its formal tone, 'afflict' can sound overly dramatic or pretentious if used frequently in very casual settings. While understandable, it might not be the most natural choice for everyday chat about minor problems.
- Incorrect Verb Form
- Ensuring the correct form of the verb is used is crucial. For example, using 'afflicted' as a noun (e.g., 'the great afflicted') is incorrect. The past participle 'afflicted' is commonly used as an adjective (e.g., 'the afflicted population').
Incorrect: The rain afflicted my mood today.
Correct: The rain bothered me today.
Incorrect: He was afflicted a disease.
Correct: He was afflicted with a disease.
Incorrect: The enemy afflicted heavy losses.
Correct: The enemy inflicted heavy losses.
Incorrect: I was so afflicted by the news.
Correct: I was so distressed by the news.
Incorrect: The afflicted population suffered greatly.
Correct: The afflicted population suffered greatly. (Here, 'afflicted' is used correctly as an adjective).
- Torment (verb)
- Similar to 'afflict' in causing suffering, but often implies more intense, prolonged, and psychological pain. 'Afflict' can be physical or mental, while 'torment' leans more towards mental anguish.
- Bother (verb)
- A much weaker alternative, used for minor annoyances or disturbances. 'Afflict' is for serious, persistent suffering.
- Trouble (verb)
- A broader term that can mean causing worry or difficulty. 'Afflict' implies a deeper, more severe form of suffering or distress.
- Suffer (verb)
- This is the passive experience of being afflicted. 'The people suffered' is the result of 'The disease afflicted the people.' 'Afflict' focuses on the cause of suffering.
- Plague (verb)
- Often used for widespread, persistent problems, especially diseases or pests. It's similar to 'afflict' when discussing epidemics or infestations.
- Beset (verb)
- Means to trouble or threaten persistently. Very close in meaning and usage, often used in the passive voice ('was beset with difficulties').
- Distress (verb/noun)
- Refers to great sorrow, anxiety, or suffering. 'Afflict' is the action of causing this state.
- Hurt (verb)
- A general term for causing physical or emotional pain. 'Afflict' suggests a more serious, persistent, and often widespread form of suffering.
The constant bullying began to torment him.
A fly kept buzzing around, bothering me.
The economic problems continued to trouble the nation.
The people suffered greatly from the war.
The city was plagued by crime.
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
The Latin root 'fligere' is also the source of the word 'influenza', which originally meant 'influence' but came to be associated with epidemics that seemed to strike people down suddenly, as if by an external force. This connection highlights how words related to being struck or beaten down often describe conditions that overwhelm individuals.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Misplacing stress: Saying AF-flict instead of af-FLICKT.
- Pronouncing the first 'a' as a hard 'a': Saying 'aff-lict' instead of 'uh-flict'.
- Confusing with 'inflict': While similar, 'afflict' has a different stress pattern and meaning.
سطح دشواری
The word 'afflict' is generally encountered in more complex texts, such as news articles, academic papers, or literature, due to its formal tone and implication of serious suffering. Understanding its nuances requires a good grasp of vocabulary and context.
بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟
پیشنیازها
بعداً یاد بگیرید
پیشرفته
گرامر لازم
Passive Voice Construction
The passive voice is frequently used with 'afflict' to emphasize the person or group experiencing the suffering. Example: 'He was afflicted with a rare skin condition.' (Subject 'He' is the recipient of the affliction).
Use of Prepositions with 'Afflict'
When used in the passive voice, 'afflict' is commonly followed by 'with' or 'by'. Example: 'The community was afflicted by poverty.' or 'She was afflicted with anxiety.'
Verb Tense Agreement
Ensure the verb tense of 'afflict' matches the time frame of the suffering being described. Example: 'The famine afflicted the land for years.' (Past tense for a completed past event).
Adjective Form
The past participle 'afflicted' can be used as an adjective. Example: 'The afflicted survivors needed immediate assistance.'
Distinguishing 'Afflict' from 'Inflict'
'Afflict' means to cause suffering, often passively experienced. 'Inflict' means to impose something unpleasant, often actively. Example: 'The disease afflicted him.' vs. 'He inflicted pain on the prisoner.'
مثالها بر اساس سطح
The prolonged economic recession continued to afflict the working class, leading to widespread unemployment and social unrest.
Recession, working class, unemployment, social unrest.
Passive voice ('continued to afflict') emphasizes the ongoing suffering.
Many developing nations are afflicted with inadequate healthcare systems, making it difficult to combat the spread of infectious diseases.
Developing nations, inadequate, healthcare systems, combat, infectious diseases.
'Afflicted with' is a common collocation for describing health-related suffering.
The relentless pressure of the job began to afflict his mental well-being, causing him to experience anxiety and insomnia.
Relentless pressure, mental well-being, anxiety, insomnia.
Use of 'afflict' for mental or psychological suffering.
The author's vivid prose powerfully conveyed the suffering that afflicted the refugees fleeing conflict.
Vivid prose, powerfully conveyed, refugees, fleeing conflict.
Active voice ('afflicted the refugees') showing the cause of suffering.
The community was afflicted by a series of unfortunate events, including a devastating flood and a subsequent outbreak of illness.
Unfortunate events, devastating flood, subsequent, outbreak of illness.
Passive voice ('was afflicted by') highlighting the impact of multiple problems.
Despite technological advancements, certain regions still find themselves afflicted by extreme poverty and lack of basic resources.
Technological advancements, extreme poverty, basic resources.
'Afflicted by' is often used with abstract negative conditions like poverty.
The constant political instability continued to afflict the nation's economic growth and development prospects.
Political instability, economic growth, development prospects.
'Afflict' can describe the negative impact on abstract concepts like growth.
He felt that his past mistakes would forever afflict his conscience, making true peace elusive.
Past mistakes, forever, conscience, true peace, elusive.
Use of 'afflict' for lingering psychological or emotional pain.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— To be suffering from a disease, problem, or negative condition.
She has been afflicted with severe migraines for years.
— To disproportionately cause suffering or hardship to those in less fortunate circumstances.
Economic recessions tend to afflict the poor the most.
— To cause mental anguish, guilt, or persistent worry.
The guilt of his actions began to afflict his conscience.
— To cause widespread problems or suffering across a country or geographical area.
The country was afflicted by political turmoil.
— To cause someone to experience significant pain or hardship.
The war continued to afflict the population with suffering.
— To continuously and without mercy cause suffering or distress.
The disease relentlessly afflicted its victims.
— To cause profound and severe suffering or distress.
The loss of his family deeply afflicted him.
— To cause widespread problems or hardship within a group of people living in the same area.
The closure of the local factory began to afflict the community.
— To be suffering from difficult or challenging circumstances.
The refugees were afflicted by hardship during their journey.
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
'Afflict' means to cause suffering or distress, often passively experienced. 'Inflict' means to impose something unpleasant or unwanted, often actively done by a source. For example, a disease might 'afflict' someone, while a person might 'inflict' pain.
'Conflict' is a noun referring to a struggle or disagreement, or a verb meaning to be in opposition. It sounds similar but has a different meaning and usage from 'afflict'.
'Addict' is a noun referring to someone dependent on a substance or activity, or a verb meaning to make someone dependent. It shares a root with 'afflict' but has a distinct modern meaning.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— A curse or condemnation upon both parties in a dispute, expressing a wish that both sides will suffer from their conflict. It's a strong expression of disapproval for a quarrel.
When the two factions refused to compromise, the elder sighed and muttered, 'A plague on both your houses!'
formal/literary— Someone who is suffering greatly, either physically or mentally, often implying a deep or chronic state of unhappiness or distress.
He was known as an afflicted soul, always carrying the weight of past tragedies.
formal— The various problems, stresses, and difficulties that are commonly associated with contemporary society and technology.
She felt overwhelmed by the afflictions of modern life, from constant connectivity to economic uncertainty.
formal— A colloquial term suggesting that long-term relationships (especially marriages) tend to face a crisis or loss of interest around the seven-year mark.
After eight years together, they worried they might be suffering from the 'seven-year itch'.
informal/colloquial— To have a strong, persistent desire to travel and explore the world.
He was afflicted by wanderlust from a young age, always dreaming of distant lands.
formal— To be suffering from a supernatural or perceived malevolent influence that brings misfortune.
The family believed they were afflicted by a curse that brought them bad luck.
formal/literary— To be suffering from a feeling of listlessness and dissatisfaction arising from a lack of occupation or excitement.
The wealthy socialite seemed perpetually afflicted by ennui, bored with her luxurious life.
formal— A very common and mild viral infection of the respiratory tract. This is an example of using 'afflict' for a very common, albeit minor, ailment, often in a slightly ironic or understated way.
Even the most resilient among us can be afflicted by the common cold.
neutral/slightly formal— To be persistently troubled or controlled by a negative or harmful routine behavior.
He struggled with the habit of procrastination, which afflicted him for years.
neutral— To feel sad, depressed, or melancholic.
After the breakup, she was afflicted by the blues for weeks.
informalبهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Both words relate to causing negative experiences and share similar sounds.
'Afflict' typically describes causing suffering, distress, or hardship, often in a passive sense (e.g., 'He was afflicted with a disease'). The focus is on the experience of suffering. 'Inflict' means to impose something unpleasant, harmful, or unwanted, usually actively and deliberately (e.g., 'The soldiers inflicted casualties'). The focus is on the action of imposing.
The war afflicted the civilians with hunger, and the enemy inflicted heavy damage on the city.
Both words describe causing suffering or distress.
'Torment' often implies intense, prolonged, and psychological suffering, bordering on torture. 'Afflict' can refer to physical or mental suffering and may be less intense but more persistent and widespread, especially when used in contexts like diseases or societal problems. 'Torment' often focuses on the extreme psychological pain.
The constant nightmares afflicted his sleep, but the interrogation was designed to torment him.
Both words can refer to widespread, persistent problems, especially diseases.
'Plague' is often used for widespread epidemics of disease or for persistent nuisances (like pests). 'Afflict' is broader and can apply to diseases, but also to social problems, economic hardship, or mental distress. 'Plague' often suggests something that spreads rapidly or is a constant infestation.
The city was afflicted by unemployment, and rats plagued the sewers.
Both words mean to trouble or cause problems persistently, and are often used in the passive voice.
'Beset' often implies being surrounded or attacked by difficulties, almost like being under siege. It's very close to 'afflicted with' or 'afflicted by'. 'Afflict' might be slightly more general in its application to suffering, while 'beset' can emphasize being overwhelmed by numerous problems.
The explorers were beset by bad weather and dwindling supplies, conditions that would afflict any expedition.
Both relate to experiencing negative conditions.
'Afflict' is typically a transitive verb (or used passively) meaning to *cause* suffering. 'Suffer' is an intransitive verb meaning to *experience* suffering. 'The disease afflicted him' (active) or 'He was afflicted with the disease' (passive) means he experienced suffering. 'He suffered from the disease' is the direct statement of his experience.
The harsh conditions afflicted the refugees, causing them to suffer greatly.
الگوهای جملهسازی
Subject + afflict + Object.
The prolonged drought continued to afflict the farmers.
Subject + be + afflicted + with + Noun.
She was afflicted with a persistent cough.
Subject + be + afflicted + by + Noun.
The entire community was afflicted by a sense of despair.
Subject + continue to afflict + Object.
The economic crisis continued to afflict small businesses.
The + Noun + afflict + Subject.
The relentless criticism began to afflict his spirit.
Subject + be + afflicted + by + adjective + Noun.
The refugees were afflicted by severe malnutrition and disease.
Adverb + afflict + Object.
This chronic condition deeply afflicts millions worldwide.
The + Noun + that + afflict + Object.
The problems that afflict developing nations are complex.
خانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
صفتها
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
medium
-
Using 'afflict' for minor annoyances.
→
Use 'bother', 'annoy', 'trouble', or 'upset'.
'Afflict' implies serious, persistent suffering or distress. Saying 'The rain afflicted my mood' is incorrect; 'The rain bothered me' is appropriate.
-
Confusing 'afflict' with 'inflict'.
→
'Afflict' causes suffering; 'inflict' imposes something unpleasant.
A disease might 'afflict' someone (causing suffering), while a person might 'inflict' pain on another (actively imposing harm).
-
Incorrect preposition usage in passive voice.
→
Use 'afflicted with' or 'afflicted by'.
Common constructions are 'He was afflicted with a disease' or 'The community was afflicted by poverty'. Omitting the preposition sounds unnatural.
-
Using 'afflict' in overly casual conversation.
→
Use 'afflict' in formal or serious contexts.
'Afflict' has a formal tone. Using it for everyday minor issues can sound overly dramatic or pretentious.
-
Incorrect verb form or usage.
→
Use as a verb or adjective ('afflicted').
Ensure you're using the correct form. For example, 'the afflicted population' (adjective) is correct, but 'the great afflicted' (using it as a noun for people) is not standard.
نکات
Emphasize Severity
Use 'afflict' when you want to convey serious, persistent suffering, distress, or hardship. It's a strong word that signals the gravity of the situation, whether it's a disease, economic crisis, or psychological burden.
Master the Passive Voice
The most common and natural way to use 'afflict' is in the passive voice, often with 'with' or 'by'. For example, 'She was afflicted with a rare condition' or 'The community was afflicted by poverty'. This structure emphasizes the experience of the sufferer.
Formal Settings are Key
Recognize that 'afflict' carries a formal tone. You'll encounter it frequently in news reports, academic writing, medical discussions, and formal speeches. While understandable in casual chat, it might sound overly dramatic or pretentious.
Afflict vs. Inflict
Remember the crucial difference: 'afflict' is about causing suffering (often passively experienced), while 'inflict' is about imposing something unpleasant or harmful, usually actively. Think 'disease afflicts' vs. 'enemy inflicts damage'.
Look for Collocations
Pay attention to phrases like 'afflicted with', 'afflicted by', 'afflict the mind', 'afflict the spirit', and 'afflict the population'. Learning these common pairings will help you use the word correctly and naturally.
Visual Associations
Create a strong visual image for 'afflict'. Imagine a person weighed down by heavy chains or dark clouds, symbolizing the persistent suffering or distress that the word represents.
Avoid Trivializing
Because 'afflict' implies significant hardship, avoid using it for minor inconveniences. Using it inappropriately can trivialize serious suffering or sound overly dramatic.
Root Meaning
The Latin root 'fligere' means 'to strike' or 'to beat down'. This connection helps understand 'afflict' as something that strikes someone down with hardship or suffering.
Sentence Construction
Practice writing sentences using 'afflict' in different contexts – medical, social, personal. Try using both passive and active voice constructions to solidify your understanding.
Explore Related Terms
When learning 'afflict', also explore similar words like 'torment', 'plague', and 'beset'. Understanding their subtle differences in meaning and usage will enrich your vocabulary.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Imagine an 'a'lligator 'flick'ing its tail, causing 't'rouble and pain to anyone nearby. The alligator's flicking tail causes great affliction.
تداعی تصویری
Picture a person hunched over, clearly in pain or deep distress, with dark clouds or heavy chains hovering over them, symbolizing the burden of affliction.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to use 'afflict' in three sentences describing different types of suffering (physical, mental, societal) within the next hour.
ریشه کلمه
The word 'afflict' comes from the Latin word 'affligere', which literally means 'to strike against' or 'to cast down'. It is formed from the prefix 'ad-' (meaning 'to' or 'against') and the verb 'fligere' (meaning 'to strike' or 'to beat down').
معنای اصلی: To strike against; to cast down; to beat down.
Indo-European -> Italic -> Latin -> Romance -> French -> Englishبافت فرهنگی
When discussing afflictions, especially personal ones like diseases or disabilities, it's important to be sensitive and avoid trivializing the suffering. Using 'afflict' generally implies a serious condition, so ensure the context justifies its use.
In English-speaking cultures, 'affliction' is a well-understood term for serious suffering. Its formal tone means it's more common in serious discussions, news, and literature than in casual chat. The concept of 'afflictions' can also be linked to religious or philosophical discussions about the nature of suffering and its purpose.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
Health and Medicine
- afflicted with a disease
- afflicted by illness
- afflicted with chronic pain
- afflicted with a rare condition
Social Issues and Economics
- afflicted by poverty
- afflicted by unemployment
- afflicted by economic downturn
- afflicted the poor
Natural Disasters and Environment
- afflicted by drought
- afflicted by floods
- afflicted the region
- afflicted by famine
Psychological and Emotional States
- afflict the mind
- afflict the spirit
- afflicted by guilt
- afflicted by anxiety
Politics and Conflict
- afflicted by instability
- afflicted by war
- afflicted the population
- afflicted by corruption
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"What are some of the most serious afflictions facing the world today?"
"Have you ever been afflicted with a persistent illness, and how did you cope?"
"How do economic problems afflict different social classes?"
"Can you think of a historical event where a whole region was afflicted by a major disaster?"
"What are the 'afflictions of modern life' that you find most challenging?"
موضوعات نگارش
Describe a time you or someone you know was afflicted by a significant hardship. Focus on the emotional and physical impact.
Reflect on a societal issue that you believe afflicts many people. How does it manifest, and what are its consequences?
Write about a fictional character who is afflicted by a curse or a deep personal flaw. How does this affliction shape their life?
Consider the difference between being 'afflicted by' something and 'inflicting' something on others. Write about a situation where this distinction is important.
Imagine a world where a new, unusual affliction emerges. Describe its symptoms and its impact on society.
سوالات متداول
10 سوالThe key difference lies in the action and the recipient. 'Afflict' means to cause suffering or distress, often in a passive way, focusing on the experience of the one suffering (e.g., 'He was afflicted with a disease'). 'Inflict' means to impose something unpleasant or harmful, usually actively and deliberately, focusing on the action of the causer (e.g., 'The invaders inflicted damage').
No, 'afflict' is generally used for serious, persistent suffering, distress, or problems like diseases, poverty, or significant hardship. For minor annoyances, words like 'bother,' 'annoy,' or 'trouble' are more appropriate.
While it is most commonly used in the passive voice (e.g., 'was afflicted with/by'), 'afflict' can also be used in the active voice (e.g., 'The disease afflicted him'). The passive voice is preferred as it shifts the focus to the person or group experiencing the suffering.
Some very common collocations include 'afflicted with' (e.g., 'afflicted with a rare disease'), 'afflicted by' (e.g., 'afflicted by poverty'), and phrases describing the subject of the affliction like 'afflict the population', 'afflict the mind', or 'afflict the spirit'.
The noun form is 'affliction', which refers to the state of suffering, distress, or a cause of such suffering. For example, 'He suffers from a chronic affliction'.
No, 'afflict' can apply to both physical suffering (like diseases or pain) and mental or emotional distress (like anxiety, guilt, or despair). It can also describe societal problems like poverty or instability.
'Afflict' comes from the Latin word 'affligere', meaning 'to strike against' or 'to cast down'. This root highlights the idea of being struck down or overcome by something negative.
'Afflict' has a formal register. It is commonly found in news reports, academic texts, medical contexts, literature, and formal speeches, rather than in casual everyday conversation.
Certainly. For example: 'The persistent drought afflicted the region for three consecutive years, leading to widespread famine.' Here, the 'drought' is the subject actively causing the suffering.
Close synonyms include 'torment', 'plague', and 'beset', especially when referring to persistent or severe suffering. Weaker alternatives for less serious issues include 'bother' and 'trouble'.
خودت رو بسنج 1 سوال
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نمره کامل!
Summary
Afflict means to cause significant, persistent suffering, often in a passive context like illness or societal problems. It carries a formal tone and is distinct from minor annoyances or actively inflicting harm.
- To cause persistent suffering or distress.
- Often used passively for diseases or serious problems.
- Implies significant hardship, not minor annoyances.
- Formal tone, common in news and medical contexts.
Emphasize Severity
Use 'afflict' when you want to convey serious, persistent suffering, distress, or hardship. It's a strong word that signals the gravity of the situation, whether it's a disease, economic crisis, or psychological burden.
Master the Passive Voice
The most common and natural way to use 'afflict' is in the passive voice, often with 'with' or 'by'. For example, 'She was afflicted with a rare condition' or 'The community was afflicted by poverty'. This structure emphasizes the experience of the sufferer.
Formal Settings are Key
Recognize that 'afflict' carries a formal tone. You'll encounter it frequently in news reports, academic writing, medical discussions, and formal speeches. While understandable in casual chat, it might sound overly dramatic or pretentious.
Afflict vs. Inflict
Remember the crucial difference: 'afflict' is about causing suffering (often passively experienced), while 'inflict' is about imposing something unpleasant or harmful, usually actively. Think 'disease afflicts' vs. 'enemy inflicts damage'.
مثال
The family was afflicted by a series of unfortunate events throughout the year.
محتوای مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر Health
abortion
B2سقط جنین به معنای پایان دادن به بارداری قبل از آن است که جنین قادر به زندگی مستقل باشد.
abortions
C1سقط جنین (abortions) به معنای پایان دادن به بارداری قبل از آن است که جنین بتواند به طور مستقل زنده بماند.
abrasion
B2خراشیدگی یک آسیب سطحی پوست است که در اثر مالیده شدن به یک سطح زبر ایجاد میشود. همچنین به فرآیند سایش مواد در اثر اصطکاک نیز گفته میشود.
acuity
B2تیزی یا دقت (Acuity) به وضوح یا ذکاوت در فکر، بینایی یا شنوایی اشاره دارد.
acute
B2حاد یا شدید (مشکل)؛ تیز یا حساس (حواس/ذهن).
addictary
C1ایجاد سیستماتیک حالت وابستگی فیزیولوژیکی یا روانی در یک سوژه از طریق مواجهه مکرر.
addicted
B1او به بازیهای کامپیوتری معتاد شده است.
addiction
B2اعتیاد وضعیتی است که در آن فرد به یک ماده یا رفتار وابسته میشود. او برای درمان اعتیاد خود به کمک نیاز دارد.
adrenaline
B2آدرنالین هورمونی است که در مواقع استرس یا هیجان در بدن ترشح میشود.
advivcy
C1رویکرد <span class='italic'>advivcy</span> در بیمارستان به بهبود حیاتی بیماران کمک کرد.
