C1 verb رسمی #7,500 رایج‌ترین 2 دقیقه مطالعه

animosity

/ˌæn.ɪˈmɒs.ə.ti/ رتبه 7,500

Animosity is a deep, persistent, and active form of ill will that transcends mere anger, typically reserved for significant, long-standing interpersonal or group conflicts.

واژه در 30 ثانیه

Animosity means a strong, persistent feeling of hostility or ill will toward someone.
Use this word in formal writing or serious discussions about interpersonal or group conflict.
It is a noun, not a verb, so avoid using it as an action.
Common mistake: confusing it with transient anger; animosity implies a long-term, deep-seated state.
Cultural note: often used in legal or political contexts to describe systemic, historical tensions.

Overview

Animosity is a powerful noun that describes a state of intense, often long-lasting hostility. Unlike a fleeting moment of anger or a simple disagreement, animosity implies a deep-rooted resentment that colors one's perception of another person or group. It carries a heavy emotional weight, suggesting that the dislike is not merely a surface-level annoyance but a fundamental clash of values or a history of grievances. 2) Usage Patterns: This word is primarily found in formal writing, journalism, and academic discourse. While it can be used in spoken English, it is considered a sophisticated term; using it in casual conversation might sound overly dramatic or academic. It is widely used in written English to describe social tensions, international conflicts, or complex interpersonal dynamics. 3) Common Contexts: In the workplace, you might hear of 'animosity between departments' following a merger. In journalism, it describes the 'lingering animosity' between political parties. In literature, it often serves to describe a character's internal state or the atmosphere of a scene where two rivals meet. On social media, it is frequently used to characterize toxic fan bases or polarized online debates. 4) Comparison with Similar Words: While 'hatred' is an intense, visceral emotion, 'animosity' is often more calculated and persistent. 'Resentment' is more internal and focused on a perceived wrong, whereas 'animosity' is active and often directed outward at the subject. 'Hostility' is a broader term that can describe both an attitude and an aggressive action, while 'animosity' is strictly the internal feeling or state of dislike. 5) Register & Tone: The word is formal and carries a serious, almost somber tone. It is not a word you would use to describe a minor spat or a momentary annoyance. Because of its weight, it should be reserved for situations involving significant conflict or long-term issues. Avoid using it in lighthearted contexts or when describing trivial disagreements. 6) Collocations in Context: Common pairings include 'deep-seated animosity,' which highlights how long the feeling has existed. 'Public animosity' is used to describe open, visible displays of dislike. 'Fueling animosity' is a frequent verbal collocation, suggesting that certain actions are making a bad situation worse. 'Despite the animosity' is a common prepositional phrase used to contrast a professional or necessary interaction with the underlying negative feelings between parties.

مثال‌ها

There is a deep-seated animosity between the two families that has lasted for generations.

Literary

Existe una profunda animosidad entre las dos familias que ha durado generaciones.

The politician tried to minimize the public animosity toward the new tax policy.

Formal

El político intentó minimizar la animosidad pública hacia la nueva política fiscal.

Despite the professional animosity, they managed to complete the project successfully.

Business

A pesar de la animosidad profesional, lograron completar el proyecto con éxito.

I don't understand why there is so much animosity in this online forum.

Everyday

No entiendo por qué hay tanta animosidad en este foro en línea.

The report highlights the animosity that has grown between the two departments.

Academic

El informe destaca la animosidad que ha crecido entre los dos departamentos.

There’s a lot of animosity there, so I suggest we avoid the topic.

Informal

Hay mucha animosidad ahí, así que sugiero que evitemos el tema.

Their mutual animosity was palpable during the entire meeting.

Formal

Su animosidad mutua era palpable durante toda la reunión.

She hid her animosity behind a polite smile.

Literary

Ella ocultó su animosidad tras una sonrisa educada.

مترادف‌ها

hostility enmity rancor antipathy resentment bitterness

متضادها

goodwill friendship harmony

ترکیب‌های رایج

deep-seated animosity animosidad profundamente arraigada

lingering animosity animosidad persistente

public animosity animosidad pública

fuel animosity alimentar la animosidad

harbor animosity albergar animosidad

animosity toward animosidad hacia

mutual animosity animosidad mutua

despite the animosity a pesar de la animosidad

الگوهای دستوری

feel animosity toward [someone/something] harbor animosity for [someone] there is animosity between [A] and [B] the animosity stems from [cause] show animosity toward [someone] despite the animosity, [clause]

How to Use It

نکات کاربردی

Animosity is a formal, sophisticated word that should be used sparingly in speech. It is most appropriate in written contexts such as essays, news reports, and professional summaries. It should not be used for minor disagreements or passing moods; it requires a context of sustained, serious conflict. Avoid using it in casual social media posts unless you are discussing serious societal issues. It is essentially an uncountable noun in most contexts. When using it, always pair it with the preposition 'toward' or 'towards' to identify the target of the feeling.

اشتباهات رایج

The most common mistake is using it as a verb, such as 'he animosityed me,' which is grammatically impossible. Another error is treating it as a synonym for simple anger; animosity implies a longer duration. Learners often use the wrong preposition, choosing 'for' or 'with' instead of 'toward.' It is also frequently misused as a countable noun in ways that sound unnatural. Finally, because it is a formal word, using it to describe a sibling squabble sounds overly serious and can confuse the listener.

Tips

💡

Use with strong adjectives

Pair it with words like 'deep-seated' or 'lingering' to emphasize the duration of the feeling. For example, 'The deep-seated animosity between the two families ruined the wedding.'

⚠️

Avoid overusing in casual speech

Do not describe a minor argument with a friend as animosity. Use words like 'annoyance' or 'frustration' for lighter conflicts.

🌍

Political discourse usage

You will frequently see this word in political news to describe partisan divides. It signals a breakdown in civil communication.

🎓

Use in formal correspondence

In professional mediation, describing a situation as having 'underlying animosity' is a precise way to identify a core issue without sounding overly emotional.

ریشه کلمه

The word originates from the Latin 'animositas,' which means 'courage' or 'vehemence.' It evolved from 'animus,' meaning spirit or mind. Over time, the meaning shifted from a neutral 'spiritedness' to a negative 'hostile spirit.' It entered English in the late 16th century via French.

بافت فرهنگی

In Western culture, animosity is often seen as a barrier to productivity and social cohesion. It is frequently discussed in conflict resolution and mediation literature. In the age of social media, the term is often used to describe the 'polarization' of public opinion. It reflects a value system that prioritizes professional detachment and civil discourse. Using this word suggests a high level of vocabulary and an ability to analyze complex social dynamics.

راهنمای حفظ

Think of the word 'animal' inside 'animosity.' Imagine two animals growling at each other for a long time, unwilling to let go of their grudge. This helps you remember that it is a 'beastly' or 'primal' type of dislike that lasts a long time.

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, animosity is a noun. You cannot 'animosity' someone; you feel animosity toward them.

Hatred is a raw, intense emotion. Animosity is more about a sustained, often cold, state of opposition.

It is generally too formal for casual chat. It might make you sound overly dramatic or pretentious in daily talk.

The most common preposition is 'toward' or 'towards'. You have animosity toward a person or a group.

Yes, it is inherently negative. It describes a destructive or obstructive emotional state.

Yes, it is very common in international relations to describe long-standing tensions between countries.

While it can be pluralized as 'animosities' to refer to multiple instances of conflict, it is most commonly used as an uncountable noun.

It is pronounced /ˌæn.ɪˈmɒs.ə.ti/. Focus on the stress on the third syllable.

Not exactly. Rivalry can be healthy and competitive, whereas animosity implies a negative, hostile intent.

Yes, though it is more common for people. You might feel animosity toward a policy or a system.

خودت رو بسنج

fill blank

The long-standing _____ between the two neighbors finally resulted in a lawsuit.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Animosity fits the context of a long-standing negative conflict. The other options are positive or neutral.

multiple choice

Choose the best sentence.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Animosity is a noun describing a feeling between groups. Other options misuse the word as a verb or apply it to inanimate objects inappropriately.

sentence building

animosity / deep / their / was / seated / evident.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

This follows the standard English adjective-noun-verb-adjective structure.

error correction

They have much animositying towards each other.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Animosity is a noun, not a verb, so it cannot take an '-ing' suffix.

امتیاز: /4

Summary

Animosity is a deep, persistent, and active form of ill will that transcends mere anger, typically reserved for significant, long-standing interpersonal or group conflicts.

Animosity means a strong, persistent feeling of hostility or ill will toward someone.
Use this word in formal writing or serious discussions about interpersonal or group conflict.
It is a noun, not a verb, so avoid using it as an action.
Common mistake: confusing it with transient anger; animosity implies a long-term, deep-seated state.
Cultural note: often used in legal or political contexts to describe systemic, historical tensions.

💡

Use with strong adjectives

Pair it with words like 'deep-seated' or 'lingering' to emphasize the duration of the feeling. For example, 'The deep-seated animosity between the two families ruined the wedding.'

⚠️

Avoid overusing in casual speech

Do not describe a minor argument with a friend as animosity. Use words like 'annoyance' or 'frustration' for lighter conflicts.

🌍

Political discourse usage

You will frequently see this word in political news to describe partisan divides. It signals a breakdown in civil communication.

🎓

Use in formal correspondence

In professional mediation, describing a situation as having 'underlying animosity' is a precise way to identify a core issue without sounding overly emotional.

مثال‌ها

6 از 8