این صفحه به زبان شما
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B2 verb 9 دقیقه مطالعه

وام_گرفتن

vam gereftan
مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها وام_گرفتن در ۳۰ ثانیه
توضیح وام_گرفتن in your Level:
At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'vām' means 'loan' and 'gereftan' means 'to take'. You might use it in very simple sentences like 'Man vām mikham' (I want a loan). You don't need to worry about complex banking terms yet. Focus on the fact that 'vām' is for money and 'gereftan' is the action. Think of it as 'getting money from a big building (bank)'. You should be able to recognize the word when you see it in a bank window or hear it in a simple conversation about buying a car. It's a compound verb, but at this stage, just treat it as a fixed phrase for 'getting a loan'.
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At the A2 level, you should be able to conjugate 'vām gereftan' in the past and present simple tenses. You can start using prepositions like 'az' (from). For example, 'Man az bānk vām gereftam' (I took a loan from the bank). You should also know the opposite verb, 'vām dādan' (to give a loan). You might use this word to describe your basic needs or plans, such as 'I need to take a loan for my studies.' You should also be familiar with the word 'pool' (money) in conjunction with 'vām'. At this stage, you are beginning to understand that this word is more formal than 'qarz'.
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At the B1 level, you can use 'vām گرفتن' in more varied contexts, including the future tense and with modal verbs like 'tavānestan' (to be able to). You can say things like 'Man namitavānam vām begiram' (I cannot take a loan). You are starting to learn related vocabulary such as 'ghest' (installment) and 'bahre' (interest). You can describe the process of taking a loan in a simple story. You understand that 'vām' is typically for large purchases like a 'khāne' (house) or 'māshin' (car). You can also use the word in the subjunctive mood to express possibilities or requirements.
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At the B2 level, you should have a nuanced understanding of 'vām گرفتن'. You can discuss interest rates (nerkh-e bahre), guarantors (zāmen), and different types of loans like 'vām-e masakan' (housing loan) or 'vām-e ezdevāj' (marriage loan). You can use the verb in complex sentences with relative clauses. You understand the difference between 'vām' and 'tashilāt' (formal facilities) and can use them appropriately in semi-formal writing. You can participate in a debate about the pros and cons of taking a loan in the current economy. Your pronunciation should be natural, including the common stress on the first syllable of the auxiliary verb in negative forms.
At the C1 level, you can use 'vām گرفتن' and its synonyms like 'esteqrāz' or 'daryāft-e tashilāt' fluently in professional and academic settings. You can read financial reports in Persian that discuss national debt and credit acquisition. You understand the metaphorical uses of borrowing in literature or linguistics. You can navigate the complex bureaucracy of an Iranian bank using this vocabulary. You are also aware of the historical and Middle Persian roots of the word. You can use advanced grammatical structures like the passive causative or complex conditional sentences involving loan repayments and economic shifts.
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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'vām گرفتن' is equivalent to a native speaker with a background in finance or law. You can discuss the intricacies of Islamic banking (Bankdāri-ye Eslāmi) and how the concept of 'vām' interacts with 'Gharz al-Hasna' and 'Modārebe'. You can write persuasive essays on fiscal policy using the most formal iterations of this verb. You recognize subtle puns or cultural references to loans in Persian poetry or satirical media. You can switch between slang, neutral, and highly technical registers of borrowing without hesitation. You understand the socio-economic implications of 'vām' in the context of Iranian history and modern global finance.
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مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

وام_گرفتن در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • To borrow money formally from a bank.
  • A compound verb: Vām (loan) + Gereftan (to take).
  • Essential for discussing major purchases like houses or cars.
  • Requires 'az' (from) to specify the lender.

The Persian verb وام گرفتن (vām gereftan) is a fundamental compound verb used to describe the act of borrowing money, typically from a formal institution like a bank or a government agency. While it literally translates to 'loan taking,' it encompasses the entire process of applying for, receiving, and committing to repay financial credit. In Iranian society, this term is ubiquitous in discussions regarding major life milestones, such as purchasing a home, starting a business, or financing an education. Unlike the more informal قرض گرفتن (qarz gereftan), which often refers to borrowing small amounts of money or physical objects from friends or family without interest, وام گرفتن carries a more formal, structured, and often contractual connotation.

Financial Context
This verb is the standard term used in banking environments. When you walk into a 'Bank Melli' or 'Bank Pasargad' to secure a mortgage, you are there for the purpose of وام گرفتن. It implies a legal obligation and usually involves collateral (vasiqe).
Social Significance
In Iran, specific types of loans are culturally significant, such as the 'Vām-e Ezdevāj' (Marriage Loan), which the government provides to young couples. Discussing these loans is a common part of social discourse among young adults.

برای خرید این آپارتمان مجبور شدم از بانک مسکن وام بگیرم.
(To buy this apartment, I was forced to take a loan from the Housing Bank.)

The term is highly relevant in modern Iran due to inflation and the economic climate, making 'credit' a frequent topic of conversation. Whether it is a 'Vām-e Khodro' (Car Loan) or 'Vām-e Eshteghāl' (Employment/Business Loan), the verb remains the same. It is important to note that the auxiliary verb here is gereftan (to take/get), which follows standard Persian conjugation rules. In a broader sense, وام گرفتن can also appear in academic or metaphorical contexts, such as 'borrowing' a word from another language (vām-vajeh), although in everyday speech, it remains strictly financial.

آیا می‌دانی چطور می‌توان برای تحصیل در خارج وام گرفت؟
(Do you know how one can take a loan for studying abroad?)

Linguistic Structure
The word 'Vām' comes from Middle Persian 'vām', meaning debt or loan. Combined with 'gereftan', it forms a compound verb where the noun part stays fixed and the verb part changes for tense and person.

Using وام گرفتن correctly requires understanding its grammatical placement and the prepositions that usually accompany it. The most common preposition used with this verb is از (az), meaning 'from,' to indicate the source of the loan. For example, 'I took a loan from the bank' is translated as 'Man az bānk vām gereftam.' The structure is quite logical for English speakers, as it mirrors the 'take a loan from' construction. However, when specifying the purpose of the loan, Iranians often use the preposition برای (barāye - for) or simply attach the purpose as a modifier to the word 'Vām'.

او برای خرید ماشین جدید وام گرفت.
(He took a loan to buy a new car.)

In more complex sentences, especially at a B2 level, you might encounter the verb in the subjunctive mood or passive voice. For instance, expressing a desire or necessity involves the subjunctive form begiram. 'I want to take a loan' becomes 'Mikhāham vām begiram.' If you are discussing the difficulty of the process, you might use the passive form vām dāde shod (the loan was given), though 'vām gereftan' remains the active perspective of the borrower. It's also vital to understand the concept of 'Ghest' (installment). When you وام می‌گیرید (take a loan), you must pay 'Ghest'.

Subject-Verb Agreement
The verb 'gereftan' is conjugated based on the person.
1st Sing: vām gereftam
2nd Sing: vām gerefti
3rd Sing: vām gereft
1st Plural: vām gereftim
2nd Plural: vām gereftid
3rd Plural: vām gereftand

بانک به سختی به مشتریان جدید وام می‌دهد.
(The bank hardly gives loans to new customers. - Note the opposite: vām dādan)

Another nuance is the use of the word تسهیلات (tashilāt) in formal writing. While you might say 'vām gereftan' in a coffee shop, a bank contract will say 'daryāft-e tashilāt' (receiving facilities). However, for a learner, mastering 'vām gereftan' is the priority as it is the most natural way to express the idea in 99% of conversations. You should also be aware of the word 'Zāmen' (guarantor). To وام گرفتن, you usually need a 'Zāmen'.

You will hear وام گرفتن in a variety of settings, ranging from the evening news to family dinner tables. In Iran, the economy is a frequent topic of discussion, and the availability or interest rates of loans are headline news. If you listen to a news broadcast on IRIB (Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting), you will often hear reports about 'Vām-e Qarz al-Hasna' (interest-free loans) or government initiatives to help farmers وام بگیرند. In the streets of Tehran, you might overhear two friends discussing their struggles with 'ghest-hā-ye vām' (loan installments), which is a common stressor for many families.

In the Bank
When speaking to a bank teller (kārmand-e bānk), you would say: 'Man barāye vām gereftan āmade-am' (I have come to take a loan). They will then ask about your 'etebār' (credit) and 'zāmen' (guarantor).
In Cinema and TV
Iranian social dramas (like those by Asghar Farhadi) often feature characters struggling with debt. You will hear characters arguing about who should وام بگیرد to save a family business or pay for a medical emergency.

پدرم همیشه می‌گفت: هرگز برای چیزهای غیرضروری وام نگیر.
(My father always used to say: Never take a loan for unnecessary things.)

Furthermore, in the digital age, Iranian fintech apps like 'Divar' or 'Bama' might have advertisements for 'Vām-e fowri' (instant loans). Social media influencers in the 'financial literacy' niche in Iran frequently use the term when advising followers on how to manage their 'debt-to-income ratio.' The word is not just a financial term; it is a keyword for understanding the economic survival and aspirations of the Iranian middle class. If you are watching an Iranian movie and a character looks stressed while looking at a bank statement, they are almost certainly worried about the وام they took.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when learning Persian is confusing وام گرفتن with قرض گرفتن. In English, the word 'borrow' is used for both a bank loan and borrowing a pen from a friend. In Persian, these are distinct. If you use 'vām gereftan' to ask your friend for five dollars, it will sound extremely formal and strange, as if you are asking for a legal contract and interest payments. Conversely, using 'qarz gereftan' when talking to a bank manager might sound slightly unprofessional, although it is more acceptable than the reverse mistake.

Mistake 1: Confusing Borrowing and Lending
Remember that وام گرفتن is 'to take/borrow' and وام دادن is 'to give/lend'. Students often swap 'gereftan' and 'dādan', which completely flips the meaning of the sentence.
Mistake 2: Preposition Errors
Using 'be' (to) instead of 'az' (from). You take a loan az (from) a bank, you don't take it 'to' a bank. 'Man be bānk vām gereftam' is incorrect.

غلط: من از دوستم وام گرفتم تا ناهار بخرم.
(Wrong: I took a 'vām' from my friend to buy lunch. Better: 'qarz gereftam')

Another error involves the conjugation of 'gereftan' in the present tense. The present stem is gir. Many students mistakenly use the past stem gereft for present sentences. For example, 'I am taking a loan' should be 'Dāram vām migiram', not 'Dāram vām migereftam'. Additionally, avoid overusing the 'ra' particle. Since 'vām gereftan' is a compound verb, 'vām' is usually not treated as a definite direct object unless you are talking about a very specific, previously mentioned loan (e.g., 'vām-rā gereftam' - I took *the* loan).

While وام گرفتن is the most common way to express borrowing money, Persian offers several alternatives depending on the level of formality and the specific financial instrument involved. Understanding these synonyms will help you navigate both casual conversations and professional environments. The most important distinction is between 'Vām' and 'Qarz'.

1. قرض گرفتن (Qarz Gereftan)
Used for informal borrowing. Example: 'Can I borrow your book?' or 'I borrowed 100 Tomans from my brother.' It does not imply a bank or interest.
2. تسهیلات دریافت کردن (Tashilāt Daryāft Kardan)
This is the ultra-formal, bureaucratic version. You will see this on bank websites and in economic news. 'Tashilāt' means 'facilities' or 'accommodations'.
3. استقراض کردن (Esteqrāz Kardan)
An Arabic-rooted term used in macroeconomics. You would hear this when talking about a government borrowing from the World Bank or the Central Bank. It is very formal.

دولت برای جبران کسری بودجه، اقدام به استقراض از بانک مرکزی کرد.
(The government took action to borrow from the Central Bank to compensate for the budget deficit.)

Additionally, you might encounter اعتبار گرفتن (etebār gereftan), which means 'to get credit'. This is common in modern finance and credit card contexts. In some literary or older contexts, the word بدهی (bedehi) refers to the debt itself. If you are in a situation where you are 'borrowing' an idea, you would use eqtebās kardan (to adapt/borrow from a source). Knowing when to switch from the everyday 'vām' to the professional 'tashilāt' is a key marker of a B2/C1 level speaker.

نکته جالب

The word 'vām' is related to the word 'vām-vajeh' (loanword), showing how Persian speakers view language influence as a form of borrowing.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /vɒːm ɡe.ɾæf.tæn/
US /vɑːm ɡe.ɾæf.tæn/
The primary stress in the infinitive is on the last syllable: ge-raf-TÁN. In conjugated forms like 'mígiram', the stress shifts to the prefix 'mi-' or the first syllable of the verb.
هم‌قافیه با
گام (gām) نام (nām) کام (kām) بام (bām) جام (jām) دام (dām) شام (shām) خام (khām)
خطاهای رایج
  • Pronouncing 'vām' like 'van' (the 'ā' must be deep).
  • Stress on the wrong syllable in 'begiram'.
  • Merging the 'm' of 'vām' and 'g' of 'gereftan' too harshly.
  • Using an English 'r' instead of the Persian tapped 'r'.
  • Shortening the 'ā' in 'vām' to a short 'a'.
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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

من وام می‌خواهم.

I want a loan.

Simple present tense using 'mikhāham'.

2

او وام گرفت.

He/She took a loan.

Simple past tense.

3

آیا تو وام گرفتی؟

Did you take a loan?

Question form in past tense.

4

بانک وام می‌دهد.

The bank gives loans.

Using the opposite verb 'dādan'.

5

وام خوب است.

The loan is good.

Simple adjective use.

6

من وام ندارم.

I don't have a loan.

Negative possession.

7

این وام من است.

This is my loan.

Possessive pronoun.

8

ما وام گرفتیم.

We took a loan.

1st person plural past tense.

1

من از بانک وام گرفتم.

I took a loan from the bank.

Using the preposition 'az' (from).

2

او برای ماشین وام می‌گیرد.

He is taking a loan for a car.

Present continuous sense.

3

ما باید وام بگیریم.

We must take a loan.

Using 'bāyad' with subjunctive.

4

آن‌ها پارسال وام گرفتند.

They took a loan last year.

Past tense with time adverb.

5

آیا برادرت وام گرفت؟

Did your brother take a loan?

Third person singular question.

6

من نمی‌خواهم وام بگیرم.

I don't want to take a loan.

Negative 'mikhāham' with subjunctive.

7

این وام خیلی بزرگ است.

This loan is very big.

Adverb 'kheyli' with adjective.

8

دوستم از من وام گرفت.

My friend took a loan from me (Note: 'qarz' is better here, but 'vām' is used for emphasis).

Subject-object-preposition structure.

1

اگر وام بگیری، می‌توانی خانه بخری.

If you take a loan, you can buy a house.

Conditional Type 1.

2

او می‌خواهد برای تحصیل در خارج وام بگیرد.

He wants to take a loan to study abroad.

Purpose clause with 'barāye'.

3

بانک به او وام نداد چون ضامن نداشت.

The bank didn't give him a loan because he didn't have a guarantor.

Reason clause with 'chon'.

4

من دارم فکر می‌کنم که وام بگیرم یا نه.

I am thinking whether to take a loan or not.

Indirect question/deliberation.

5

قسط‌های وامی که گرفتم خیلی زیاد است.

The installments of the loan I took are very high.

Relative clause with 'ke'.

6

آیا تا به حال وام گرفته‌اید؟

Have you ever taken a loan?

Present perfect tense.

7

او قول داد که وام را زود پس بدهد.

He promised to return the loan soon.

Noun clause with 'ke'.

8

بدون وام گرفتن نمی‌توانیم شرکت را راه بیندازیم.

Without taking a loan, we cannot start the company.

Gerund-like use of the infinitive.

1

با توجه به نرخ بهره، وام گرفتن منطقی نیست.

Considering the interest rate, taking a loan is not logical.

Complex prepositional phrase 'bā tavajoh be'.

2

او توانست با وام گرفتن از بانک مسکن، خانه‌دار شود.

He managed to become a homeowner by taking a loan from the Housing Bank.

Instrumental use of the infinitive.

3

بسیاری از جوانان برای ازدواج وام می‌گیرند.

Many young people take loans for marriage.

Plural subject with specific social context.

4

قبل از وام گرفتن، حتماً شرایط قرارداد را بخوانید.

Before taking a loan, definitely read the contract terms.

Temporal clause with 'ghabl az'.

5

او از چندین بانک مختلف وام گرفته است تا بیزنس خود را گسترش دهد.

He has taken loans from several different banks to expand his business.

Present perfect and purpose clause.

6

وام گرفتن در شرایط تورمی می‌تواند سودمند باشد.

Taking a loan in inflationary conditions can be beneficial.

Abstract noun phrase as subject.

7

او ترجیح می‌دهد به جای وام گرفتن، پولش را پس‌انداز کند.

He prefers to save his money instead of taking a loan.

Comparison with 'be jāye'.

8

آیا می‌دانید سقف مبلغی که می‌توان وام گرفت چقدر است؟

Do you know what the maximum amount one can borrow is?

Impersonal use of 'tavānestan'.

1

استقراض از بانک‌های خارجی مستلزم رعایت استانداردهای بین‌المللی است.

Borrowing from foreign banks requires compliance with international standards.

Formal academic vocabulary 'esteqrāz'.

2

بنگاه‌های اقتصادی برای تامین نقدینگی ناچار به وام گرفتن هستند.

Economic enterprises are forced to take loans to provide liquidity.

Technical terms 'bongāh' and 'naqdinegi'.

3

تسهیلاتی که او دریافت کرد، دارای بازپرداخت طولانی‌مدت بود.

The facilities (loan) he received had a long-term repayment period.

Formal synonym 'tashilāt' and complex modifier.

4

او با وام گرفتن از مفاهیم فلسفی، نظریه جدیدی ارائه داد.

By borrowing from philosophical concepts, he presented a new theory.

Metaphorical use of 'vām gereftan'.

5

سیاست‌های انقباضی دولت، فرآیند وام گرفتن را دشوارتر کرده است.

The government's contractionary policies have made the process of borrowing more difficult.

Economic terminology 'siyāsat-hā-ye enqibāzi'.

6

او به دلیل عدم توانایی در بازپرداخت وامی که گرفته بود، ورشکست شد.

He went bankrupt due to the inability to repay the loan he had taken.

Complex causal structure.

7

دریافت وام‌های کلان بدون وثیقه معتبر امکان‌پذیر نیست.

Receiving large loans without valid collateral is not possible.

Formal 'daryāft' and 'vasiqe'.

8

او همواره از وام گرفتن گریزان بود و به خودکفایی اعتقاد داشت.

He was always elusive of borrowing and believed in self-sufficiency.

Literary adjective 'gorizān'.

1

تراکنش‌های مربوط به وام گرفتن باید در چارچوب قوانین بانکداری بدون ربا باشد.

Transactions related to borrowing must be within the framework of interest-free banking laws.

Highly technical legal/religious phrasing.

2

پدیده استقراض دولتی می‌تواند منجر به تورم لجام‌گسیخته در بلندمدت گردد.

The phenomenon of state borrowing can lead to unbridled inflation in the long run.

Sophisticated idiom 'lajām-gosikhte'.

3

او با ظرافتی خاص، از سبک معماری سنتی برای طراحی مدرن خود وام گرفته است.

With a particular elegance, he has borrowed from traditional architectural styles for his modern design.

Abstract metaphorical use in art criticism.

4

تحلیلگران معتقدند که تمایل به وام گرفتن در میان خانوارها کاهش یافته است.

Analysts believe that the inclination to borrow among households has decreased.

Sociological reporting style.

5

پیچیدگی‌های حقوقی وام گرفتن از نهادهای بین‌المللی بسیار زیاد است.

The legal complexities of borrowing from international institutions are immense.

Plurality and abstract nouns.

6

او مدعی است که دولت نباید برای پروژه‌های فاقد توجیه اقتصادی وام بگیرد.

He claims that the government should not borrow for projects lacking economic justification.

Political/Economic discourse.

7

رویکرد بانک‌ها به مقوله وام گرفتن در دهه‌های اخیر دستخوش تغییرات بنیادین شده است.

The banks' approach to the category of borrowing has undergone fundamental changes in recent decades.

Formal phrase 'dastkhosh-e taghyirāt'.

8

عدم شفافیت در فرآیند وام گرفتن می‌تواند منجر به فساد سیستماتیک گردد.

Lack of transparency in the borrowing process can lead to systemic corruption.

High-level political analysis.

ترکیب‌های رایج

وام مسکن
وام ازدواج
وام بانکی
وام کم‌بهره
وام فوری
درخواست وام
اقساط وام
ضامن وام
سقف وام
بازپرداخت وام

عبارات رایج

زیر بار وام رفتن

— To take on the burden of a loan.

در این شرایط اقتصادی، زیر بار وام رفتن ریسک است.

وام بلاعوض

— A grant or loan that doesn't need to be repaid.

دولت به سیل‌زدگان وام بلاعوض داد.

وام گرفتن از کسی

— To borrow money from a specific person.

من هیچ وقت از غریبه‌ها وام نمی‌گیرم.

شرایط وام گرفتن

— The conditions for taking a loan.

شرایط وام گرفتن از این بانک چیست؟

وام خرید کالا

— A loan for purchasing consumer goods.

بسیاری از فروشگاه‌ها وام خرید کالا می‌دهند.

وام مضاربه‌ای

— A specific type of Islamic profit-sharing loan.

او برای تجارت خود وام مضاربه‌ای گرفت.

وام جعاله

— A repair or service loan.

او برای تعمیر خانه وام جعاله گرفت.

وام کوتاه‌مدت

— A short-term loan.

این وام کوتاه‌مدت است و باید شش ماهه پس داده شود.

وام بلندمدت

— A long-term loan.

وام‌های مسکن معمولاً بلندمدت هستند.

فروش وام

— Selling the right to a loan (common in Iran).

او امتیاز وام خود را فروخت.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"وام‌دار کسی بودن"

— To be morally indebted to someone for their help.

من همیشه وام‌دار محبت‌های شما هستم.

Formal
"از کسی وام گرفتن (metaphorical)"

— To be inspired by or take an idea from someone.

او در این شعر از حافظ وام گرفته است.

Literary
"دست گدایی دراز کردن"

— Literally 'to stretch out a begging hand', used to describe desperate borrowing.

او حاضر نیست جلوی کسی دست گدایی دراز کند.

Informal
"کلاه به کلاه کردن"

— To take a new loan to pay off an old one (robbing Peter to pay Paul).

او با کلاه به کلاه کردن زندگی‌اش را می‌گذراند.

Informal
"بدهکار عالم و آدم بودن"

— To owe money to everyone.

با این همه وام، او بدهکار عالم و آدم است.

Slang
"صورت را با سیلی سرخ نگه داشتن"

— To keep up appearances despite financial struggle (often due to loans).

با وجود اقساط سنگین، صورتش را با سیلی سرخ نگه می‌دارد.

Common
"پول چای"

— A small bribe often involved in getting a loan approved.

برای گرفتن سریع وام، کمی پول چای داد.

Slang
"پوست انداختن"

— To go through a very difficult time (like paying off a huge loan).

تا این وام را پس بدهم، پوست انداختم.

Informal
"به خاک سیاه نشستن"

— To become destitute (often from bad loans/debt).

او بعد از آن وام سنگین به خاک سیاه نشست.

Informal
"کیسه دوختن"

— To plan to get money (sometimes via a loan).

او برای آن وام کیسه دوخته است.

Informal

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

فعل‌ها

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روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Vām' as 'Value Added Money' (that you have to give back). 'Gereftan' is 'Getting'. So Vām Gereftan is Getting Value Added Money.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a person taking (Gereftan) a large 'V' shaped bag of money from a bank. The 'V' stands for Vām.

شبکه واژگان

Bank Money Interest Installment Guarantor Contract House Debt

چالش

Write three sentences about what you would buy if you could **vām gereftan** one million dollars today.

ریشه کلمه

Derived from the Middle Persian word 'vām', which meant debt or loan. It has cognates in other Indo-Iranian languages.

معنای اصلی: A formal obligation of debt.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> Western Iranian -> Persian.

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful when discussing interest (rebā) with very religious individuals, as it is technically forbidden in Islam, though modern banking has legal workarounds.

In the West, 'taking a loan' is often private. In Iran, it's a common topic of social discussion.

The 'Vām-e Ezdevāj' (Marriage Loan) is a frequent topic in Iranian news and comedy. Social dramas often use debt as a central plot device. Economic analysts on TV constantly discuss 'nerkh-e vām' (loan rates).
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