इरादा در ۳۰ ثانیه
- Iraada is a masculine noun meaning 'intention' or 'plan,' used to express what someone mentaly resolves to do in the future.
- It is of Arabic origin and is widely used in both formal and informal Hindi, often paired with the verb 'hona' or 'karna'.
- Grammatically, it requires masculine agreement (e.g., 'Mera iraada') and usually takes the 'ka' postposition with the preceding verb.
- Culturally, it carries moral weight, often linked to a person's integrity (niyat) and the strength of their willpower (sankalp).
The Hindi word इरादा (Iraada) is a masculine noun of Arabic origin (from the root 'R-W-D') that translates primarily to 'intention,' 'purpose,' 'plan,' or 'resolve.' At its core, it represents the mental state of being committed to a particular course of action. Unlike a fleeting wish (khwaish) or a simple thought (soch), an iraada implies a level of determination and a precursor to action. In the tapestry of Hindi vocabulary, it sits at the intersection of psychology and ethics, often used to judge the character of a person based on their underlying motives. When you say you have an 'iraada,' you are not just dreaming; you are signaling a blueprint for the future. It is the bridge between the internal desire and the external manifestation of work. Understanding this word requires looking at its weight—it can be 'pukka' (firm) or 'kachha' (weak), reflecting the strength of one's willpower.
- Psychological Depth
- It refers to the conscious decision-making process where a person selects a goal and commits to it.
- Grammatical Role
- As a masculine noun, it dictates the gender of accompanying adjectives (e.g., 'achha iraada' not 'achhi').
- Social Significance
- In South Asian culture, one's 'iraada' is often seen as a reflection of their 'niyat' (integrity/intent).
"मेरा इरादा अगले साल भारत जाने का है।" (My intention is to go to India next year.)
Historically, the word entered Hindi through Persian influence and has become so deeply embedded that it is used across all registers of the language, from street slang to high-court legal proceedings. In legal terms, 'iraada' is used to determine 'mens rea' or criminal intent. If someone causes harm without 'iraada,' the legal consequences are vastly different than if the act was premeditated. This highlights that the word carries a burden of responsibility. Furthermore, in philosophical contexts, 'iraada' is linked to the concept of free will—the human capacity to intend and then execute. It is often contrasted with 'kismat' (fate); while fate is what happens to you, 'iraada' is what you choose to make happen. This duality makes it a favorite theme in Urdu and Hindi poetry (Shayari), where poets often lament that their 'iraada' was strong but circumstances were weak.
"नेक इरादा हमेशा कामयाबी दिलाता है।" (A noble intention always brings success.)
In daily life, you will find this word used in various shades. For instance, 'iraada badalna' (to change one's mind) is a very common phrase. It suggests a shift in one's internal compass. Similarly, 'iraada kar lena' (to make up one's mind) suggests a moment of finality. The word is also used to question others: 'Tumhara iraada kya hai?' (What is your intention?). Depending on the tone, this can be a friendly inquiry about plans or a suspicious interrogation about hidden motives. The versatility of 'iraada' allows it to function as both a simple noun for 'plan' and a complex noun for 'moral purpose.' It is the engine of human agency in the Hindi language.
"क्या आपका इरादा हमें परेशान करने का है?" (Is your intention to trouble us?)
- Synonym Note
- While 'plan' is a common translation, 'iraada' is more internal, whereas 'yojna' is more external and structured.
Using इरादा (Iraada) correctly involves understanding its grammatical gender and the verbs it typically pairs with. Since it is a masculine noun, any adjectives or possessive pronouns must agree with it. For example, you say 'Mera iraada' (My intention) and not 'Meri iraada.' This is a common pitfall for beginners. The word is most frequently used with the verb 'hona' (to be) to express a current state of intention, or 'karna' (to do/make) to express the act of forming an intention.
Common Verb Pairings
- इरादा होना (Iraada hona): To have an intention. Example: Mera iraada aaj kaam karne ka hai. (I intend to work today.)
- इरादा करना (Iraada karna): To decide or resolve. Example: Maine vaha jaane ka iraada kiya hai. (I have decided to go there.)
- इरादा बदलना (Iraada badalna): To change one's mind. Example: Usne apna iraada badal liya. (He changed his mind.)
- इरादा पक्का करना (Iraada pukka karna): To firm up a resolution.
"आपका इरादा नेक होना चाहिए।" (Your intention should be noble.)
When constructing sentences, the structure usually follows: [Subject] + [Possessive] + [Iraada] + [Verb in oblique form + ka/ke/ki] + [hona/karna]. For example, 'Mujhe (Subject) vaha jaane (Verb) ka iraada hai.' However, a more natural way is 'Mera iraada vaha jaane ka hai.' Notice how the action (jaane) takes the 'ka' postposition to link with 'iraada.' If the intention involves multiple things, 'iraada' remains singular unless you are specifically talking about multiple distinct plans ('mere iraade').
- Formal vs. Informal
- In formal writing, 'iraada' is often replaced by 'sankalp' (resolution) or 'uddeshya' (objective), but in conversation, 'iraada' is the king of versatility.
Furthermore, 'iraada' can be used as a qualifier for someone's character. Phrases like 'bad-iraada' (ill-intentioned) or 'nek-iraada' (well-intentioned) are common in literature. In professional settings, you might hear 'humara iraada is saal munaafa kamane ka hai' (Our intention is to earn profit this year). It provides a softer, more human touch than the clinical word 'target' or 'goal.' It suggests that the desire comes from within the person or the organization.
The word इरादा (Iraada) is ubiquitous in Hindi-speaking environments, spanning from the silver screen of Bollywood to the serious corridors of justice. Its resonance comes from its ability to capture the human will. If you are watching a Bollywood movie, you will almost certainly hear it in a song or a dramatic dialogue. It is the word of choice for heroes declaring their resolve to defeat the villain, or for lovers questioning each other's commitment.
1. In Cinema and Music
Bollywood lyrics are filled with 'iraada.' A famous song might go, 'Mera iraada toh kuch aur tha...' (My intention was something else...). It adds a layer of emotional depth, suggesting that while the heart wanted one thing, the mind intended another. In thrillers, a detective might say, 'Mujhe uske iraade thik nahi lagte' (I don't like his intentions), immediately creating suspense.
"फिल्मों में अक्सर विलेन के इरादे खतरनाक होते हैं।" (In movies, the villain's intentions are often dangerous.)
2. In Daily Conversations
In a typical household, you might hear a parent asking a child, 'Tumhara kya iraada hai? Padhai karni hai ya nahi?' (What is your intention? Do you want to study or not?). It is used to pin someone down to a decision. Friends use it when planning outings: 'Kal ghumne ka kya iraada hai?' (What's the plan for hanging out tomorrow?). Here, it acts as a synonym for 'plan' but with a more personal flavor.
3. In News and Politics
News anchors frequently use the word when discussing government policies. 'Sarkar ka iraada garibi mitaane ka hai' (The government's intention is to eradicate poverty). In political debates, opponents often attack each other's 'iraada' rather than their actions, claiming that the 'niyat aur iraada' (motive and intention) are corrupt. This makes it a powerful rhetorical tool.
While इरादा (Iraada) is a straightforward word, learners often stumble on its gender, its distinction from similar words, and its idiomatic usage. Avoiding these mistakes will make your Hindi sound much more natural and sophisticated.
1. Gender Confusion
The most frequent error is treating 'iraada' as a feminine noun. Because many abstract concepts in Hindi can be feminine, learners often say 'Meri iraada' or 'Achhi iraada.' Correction: It is always masculine. 'Mera iraada' and 'Achha iraada' are the correct forms. Always remember: Iraada is a 'he'.
❌ "मेरी इरादा साफ़ है।" (Incorrect)
✅ "मेरा इरादा साफ़ है।" (Correct)
2. Confusing 'Iraada' with 'Niyat'
While often used together, they are not identical. 'Iraada' is a specific plan or resolve to do something. 'Niyat' is the underlying moral motivation or integrity. You can have a good 'iraada' (plan) to help someone, but if your 'niyat' (motive) is to get fame, they are different. Using 'iraada' when you mean 'moral character' can sometimes be slightly off-mark.
3. Overusing 'Iraada' for Simple Plans
While you can use 'iraada' for small things like eating lunch, it often carries a bit more weight. If you just have a casual plan, 'plan' (the English word is common) or 'socha hai' (I've thought) might be more natural. 'Iraada' implies you've actually made a mental commitment. Using it for every tiny action can sound a bit overly dramatic.
4. Incorrect Postpositions
Learners often forget the 'ka' when linking 'iraada' to a verb. You don't just say 'Mera iraada jaana hai.' You must say 'Mera iraada jaane ka hai.' The verb must be in the oblique form (ending in -e) followed by 'ka'.
To truly master इरादा (Iraada), it helps to understand its neighbors in the semantic field. Hindi has several words for plans, goals, and intentions, each with a specific nuance.
- नियत (Niyat)
- Often translated as 'intention,' but it refers more to the moral quality of the intent. If your 'niyat' is good, you are a good person. 'Iraada' is more about the action you intend to take.
- संकल्प (Sankalp)
- A much stronger, more formal word. It means 'vow' or 'solemn resolution.' You use 'sankalp' for New Year's resolutions or religious vows. 'Iraada' is more everyday.
- योजना (Yojna)
- This means 'plan' or 'scheme.' It is more structured and external. A 'yojna' involves steps, maps, and logistics. An 'iraada' is the mental spark that leads to a 'yojna'.
- लक्ष्य (Lakshya)
- This means 'target' or 'goal.' It is the end point. 'Iraada' is the desire to reach that end point.
"मेरा लक्ष्य डॉक्टर बनना है, और मेरा इरादा इसके लिए कड़ी मेहनत करने का है।" (My goal is to become a doctor, and my intention is to work hard for it.)
Another word often confused is मंशा (Mansha). This is a more formal, slightly Persianized word for 'intention' or 'will,' often used in legal or official contexts. 'Sarkar ki mansha saaf hai' (The government's intention is clear). While 'iraada' is common in speech, 'mansha' is common in editorials. Then there is विचार (Vichaar), which simply means 'thought' or 'idea.' You might say 'Mera vichaar hai...' (I am thinking/It is my opinion...), which is less committed than 'Mera iraada hai...' (I intend...).
چقدر رسمی است؟
سطح دشواری
گرامر لازم
Masculine noun agreement
Oblique infinitive + 'ka' construction
Transitive verbs in the past tense (Ne-rule with 'Iraada kiya')
Possessive pronoun agreement
Pluralization of abstract nouns
مثالها بر اساس سطح
मेरा इरादा आज पढ़ने का है।
My intention is to study today.
Uses 'Mera' (masculine possessive) and 'padhne ka' (oblique infinitive + ka).
आपका क्या इरादा है?
What is your intention/plan?
A common question to ask about someone's plan.
मेरा इरादा चाय पीने का है।
I intend to drink tea.
Simple A1 structure for daily habits.
उसका इरादा घर जाने का है।
His/Her intention is to go home.
Note that 'uska' can be him or her; 'iraada' remains masculine.
हमारा इरादा खेलने का है।
Our intention is to play.
Plural possessive 'Humara'.
क्या आपका इरादा सोने का है?
Do you intend to sleep?
Interrogative sentence.
मेरा इरादा काम करने का है।
My intention is to work.
Standard work-related intent.
उनका इरादा यहाँ आने का है।
Their intention is to come here.
Plural 'unka'.
मैंने कल दिल्ली जाने का इरादा किया है।
I have decided to go to Delhi tomorrow.
Past tense 'iraada kiya' meaning 'decided'.
उसने अपना इरादा बदल लिया।
He changed his mind.
The verb 'badal lena' is commonly used with 'iraada'.
मेरा इरादा आपको दुखी करने का नहीं था।
My intention was not to make you sad.
Past tense 'tha' and negative 'nahi'.
क्या तुम्हारा इरादा सच बोलने का है?
Do you intend to tell the truth?
Questioning moral intent.
मेरा इरादा एक नई कार खरीदने का है।
I intend to buy a new car.
Expressing a medium-term plan.
उनका इरादा हमारी मदद करने का था।
Their intention was to help us.
Past tense 'tha'.
मैंने अभी तक कोई इरादा नहीं किया है।
I haven't made any decision yet.
Negative perfect tense.
आपका इरादा बहुत अच्छा है।
Your intention is very good.
Using an adjective 'achha' with 'iraada'.
मेरा इरादा इस साल अपनी हिंदी सुधारने का है।
My intention is to improve my Hindi this year.
Discussing self-improvement goals.
क्या सरकार का इरादा टैक्स बढ़ाने का है?
Does the government intend to increase taxes?
Formal/Political context.
उसका इरादा नेक है, इसलिए हमें उसकी मदद करनी चाहिए।
His intention is noble, so we should help him.
Using 'nek' (noble) to describe intent.
बिना किसी इरादे के उसने गलती कर दी।
He made a mistake without any intention.
Using 'bina kisi iraade ke' (without any intention).
मेरा इरादा आपको परेशान करना नहीं, बल्कि आपकी मदद करना है।
My intention is not to bother you, but to help you.
Contrastive sentence using 'balki' (but rather).
क्या आपका इरादा नौकरी छोड़ने का है?
Do you intend to quit your job?
Discussing career changes.
उसके इरादे मुझे ठीक नहीं लग रहे।
I don't find his intentions to be right.
Plural 'iraade' used to describe general motives.
हमने साथ मिलकर काम करने का इरादा किया है।
We have decided to work together.
Collective decision-making.
कंपनी का इरादा अगले महीने नया उत्पाद लॉन्च करने का है।
The company intends to launch a new product next month.
Business context.
अगर आपका इरादा पक्का है, तो आप सफल होंगे।
If your resolve is firm, you will succeed.
Conditional sentence with 'pukka iraada'.
उसने बहुत सोच-समझकर यह इरादा किया था।
He had made this decision after much thought.
Using 'soch-samajhkar' (carefully thought out).
कानून में इरादा बहुत महत्वपूर्ण होता है।
Intention is very important in law.
Abstract/Legal discussion.
मेरा इरादा किसी की भावनाओं को ठेस पहुँचाना नहीं था।
My intention was not to hurt anyone's feelings.
Formal apology/clarification.
क्या आप अपने इरादे पर कायम हैं?
Are you standing firm on your intention?
Idiomatic 'kaayam hona' (to stand firm).
उसके इरादों में खोट नज़र आ रही है।
There seems to be a flaw/malice in his intentions.
Idiomatic 'khot hona' (to have a flaw/bad motive).
लेखक का इरादा समाज को जागरूक करना है।
The author's intention is to make society aware.
Literary analysis.
राजनीतिक दलों के इरादों पर जनता को भरोसा नहीं है।
The public does not trust the intentions of political parties.
Complex social commentary.
उसने अपने इरादे को अमली जामा पहनाने के लिए कड़ी मेहनत की।
He worked hard to give his intention a practical shape.
Idiom 'amli jama pehnana' (to implement/execute).
इरादा-ए-क़त्ल के आरोप में उसे गिरफ्तार किया गया।
He was arrested on the charge of intent to murder.
Formal Persianized legal term 'Iraada-e-qatl'.
मानवीय इरादों की जटिलता को समझना कठिन है।
It is difficult to understand the complexity of human intentions.
Philosophical/Academic tone.
उसके इरादे इतने बुलंद हैं कि कोई उसे रोक नहीं सकता।
His resolve is so high that no one can stop him.
Using 'buland' (high/lofty) for resolve.
क्या यह केवल एक विचार है या आपका वास्तविक इरादा?
Is this just a thought or your actual intention?
Distinguishing between 'vichaar' and 'iraada'.
इरादे की दृढ़ता ही चरित्र की पहचान है।
The firmness of intention is the identity of character.
High-level moral statement.
बिना दृढ़ इरादे के कोई भी बड़ा लक्ष्य प्राप्त नहीं किया जा सकता।
Without a firm intention, no great goal can be achieved.
Formal negative construction.
दार्शनिकों ने सदियों से 'इरादे' और 'नियति' के द्वंद्व पर चर्चा की है।
Philosophers have discussed the conflict between 'intention' and 'destiny' for centuries.
Academic/Philosophical discourse.
उनकी बातों से उनके गुप्त इरादों की बू आ रही थी।
One could smell the scent of his hidden intentions from his words.
Metaphorical usage 'boo aana' (to sense/smell).
इरादा-ए-सफ़र बांधते ही मन में एक अजीब सी हलचल मच गई।
As soon as the intent to travel was formed, a strange restlessness stirred in the mind.
Poetic/Literary phrasing.
क्या मनुष्य के इरादे वास्तव में स्वतंत्र हैं या वे परिस्थितियों के दास हैं?
Are human intentions truly free or are they slaves to circumstances?
Deep philosophical inquiry.
उनके इरादों की पवित्रता पर संदेह करना अनुचित होगा।
It would be improper to doubt the purity of their intentions.
Highly formal/Diplomatic language.
इरादा जब तक कर्म में न बदले, वह केवल एक स्वप्न है।
Unless an intention turns into action, it is merely a dream.
Rhetorical/Inspirational usage.
उसने अपने इरादे को इतनी गोपनीयता से रखा कि किसी को भनक तक न लगी।
He kept his intention so secret that no one got even a hint.
Narrative/Thriller style.
इरादों की इस कशमकश में वह अपना आपा खो बैठा।
In this struggle of intentions, he lost his self-control.
Using 'kashmaksh' (struggle/dilemma).
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
اصطلاحات و عبارات
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
الگوهای جملهسازی
نحوه استفاده
To say 'I didn't mean to', use 'Mera iraada nahi tha'.
Iraada is stronger than 'soch' (thought) but weaker than 'sankalp' (vow).
- Using 'Meri' instead of 'Mera'.
- Forgetting the 'ka' after the verb (e.g., 'Mera iraada jaana hai' instead of 'jaane ka hai').
- Confusing it with 'Vaada' (promise).
- Using it as a feminine noun in verb agreement (e.g., 'Iraada achhi hai').
- Using 'Iraada' when 'Niyat' (moral motive) is more appropriate.
نکات
Gender Check
Always pair 'Iraada' with masculine forms. If you say 'Meri iraada', native speakers will understand you, but it sounds incorrect. Practice saying 'Mera iraada' ten times to build muscle memory.
Nuance with Niyat
Use 'Iraada' for plans and 'Niyat' for character. If you want to say someone is a good person at heart, talk about their 'Niyat'. If you want to talk about their weekend plans, use 'Iraada'.
Soft 'D'
The 'd' in 'Iraada' is dental. Place your tongue against your upper teeth, not the roof of your mouth. This small change will significantly improve your accent and make you sound more like a native.
Pukka Iraada
Use the adjective 'Pukka' (firm/solid) with 'Iraada' to show you are 100% committed. 'Mera iraada pukka hai' sounds much more powerful than just 'Mera iraada hai'.
Polite Declining
If you need to cancel a plan, saying 'Mera iraada badal gaya' (My intention changed) can sometimes sound less personal than 'I don't want to come'. It shifts the focus to the plan itself.
Verb Linking
Remember the '-ne ka' pattern. 'Jaane ka iraada', 'Khane ka iraada', 'Dekhne ka iraada'. This pattern is consistent and will help you build many sentences easily.
Catch the Plural
When you hear 'Iraade' (plural), the speaker is often talking about someone's hidden motives or character. Pay attention to the adjectives used with it, like 'khote' (bad) or 'nek' (good).
Bollywood Vibes
In songs, 'Iraada' is often used to express romantic tension. If a song says 'Mera iraada toh kuch aur tha', it usually implies a playful or unexpected romantic turn.
Professional Use
In a job interview, use 'Iraada' to talk about your career goals. 'Mera iraada is company mein seekhne ka hai' (My intention is to learn in this company) shows focus and drive.
Visual Association
Associate 'Iraada' with an arrow hitting a target. The arrow is your 'Iraada'—it is the force and direction you have chosen to reach your goal.
حفظ کنید
ریشه کلمه
Arabic
بافت فرهنگی
The Indian Penal Code looks for 'iraada' (intent) to distinguish between various degrees of crimes.
Urdu poetry (Ghazals) frequently uses 'iraada' to express the struggle between the heart's desire and the mind's resolve.
If someone visits you with a 'nek iraada', they are treated with great respect.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"आपका इस सप्ताहांत (weekend) का क्या इरादा है?"
"क्या आपका इरादा भारत घूमने का है?"
"आपका हिंदी सीखने का मुख्य इरादा क्या है?"
"क्या आपने कभी अपना इरादा अचानक बदला है?"
"एक सफल जीवन के लिए इरादा कितना महत्वपूर्ण है?"
موضوعات نگارش
आज के लिए मेरा मुख्य इरादा यह है कि...
एक बार जब मैंने अपना इरादा बदला और उसका परिणाम...
मेरे जीवन का सबसे बड़ा इरादा (संकल्प) क्या है?
क्या इरादा परिणाम से ज्यादा महत्वपूर्ण है? क्यों?
जब किसी ने मेरे इरादे पर शक किया, तो मुझे कैसा लगा?
سوالات متداول
10 سوالIt is a masculine noun. You should always use masculine adjectives and possessive pronouns with it, such as 'Mera iraada' or 'Achha iraada'. This is one of the most common mistakes learners make.
While both mean 'intention', 'Iraada' refers to the specific plan or resolve to act. 'Niyat' refers to the underlying moral motive or the purity of one's heart. You can have a plan (iraada) to give money, but your motive (niyat) might be to show off.
You say 'Mera koi iraada nahi hai.' This is a very common and useful phrase for clarifying that you didn't mean to do something or aren't planning to do something.
Yes, you can say 'Mera iraada pizza khane ka hai.' However, it sounds slightly more formal or deliberate than just saying 'Main pizza khaunga' (I will eat pizza).
It is an idiom meaning to have very high or lofty ambitions and strong resolve. It is used to praise someone's determination and big dreams.
Yes, 'Iraada' is originally an Arabic word and is used extensively in both Hindi and Urdu with the exact same meaning and grammar.
You can say 'Mera iraada tha' (I had an intention) or 'Maine iraada kiya' (I made a decision/intention). The latter uses the 'ne' construction because 'karna' is transitive.
There isn't a single perfect opposite, but 'Aniccha' (unwillingness) or 'Duvidha' (indecision/dilemma) are often used depending on the context.
Yes, the plural is 'Iraade'. It is often used to refer to someone's general motives or multiple plans, like 'Uske iraade thik nahi hain' (His intentions are not right).
In Hindi, when a noun like 'Iraada' is modified by a verb, the verb takes the oblique infinitive form (ending in -e) followed by the postposition 'ka'. This links the action to the intention.
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Summary
The word 'Iraada' is the essential Hindi term for 'intention.' Mastering it allows you to express plans, discuss motivations, and understand the moral undertones of actions. Remember its masculine gender and its role as the bridge between thought and action.
- Iraada is a masculine noun meaning 'intention' or 'plan,' used to express what someone mentaly resolves to do in the future.
- It is of Arabic origin and is widely used in both formal and informal Hindi, often paired with the verb 'hona' or 'karna'.
- Grammatically, it requires masculine agreement (e.g., 'Mera iraada') and usually takes the 'ka' postposition with the preceding verb.
- Culturally, it carries moral weight, often linked to a person's integrity (niyat) and the strength of their willpower (sankalp).
Gender Check
Always pair 'Iraada' with masculine forms. If you say 'Meri iraada', native speakers will understand you, but it sounds incorrect. Practice saying 'Mera iraada' ten times to build muscle memory.
Nuance with Niyat
Use 'Iraada' for plans and 'Niyat' for character. If you want to say someone is a good person at heart, talk about their 'Niyat'. If you want to talk about their weekend plans, use 'Iraada'.
Soft 'D'
The 'd' in 'Iraada' is dental. Place your tongue against your upper teeth, not the roof of your mouth. This small change will significantly improve your accent and make you sound more like a native.
Pukka Iraada
Use the adjective 'Pukka' (firm/solid) with 'Iraada' to show you are 100% committed. 'Mera iraada pukka hai' sounds much more powerful than just 'Mera iraada hai'.
مثال
मेरा इरादा नेक है।
محتوای مرتبط
عبارات مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر general
आभार व्यक्त करना
B1ابراز قدردانی یا تشکر به صورت رسمی. 'من میخواهم مراتب سپاسگزاری خود را ابراز کنم.'
आचरण करना
C1رفتار کردن؛ به شیوهای خاص (معمولاً اخلاقی یا رسمی) عمل کردن. 'او باید با وقار رفتار کند.'
आगे
A1Forward; ahead.
आगे बढ़ना
A2به جلو حرکت کردن یا پیشرفت کردن.
आगामी
B1آینده، پیش رو. برای رویدادهایی که در آینده نزدیک رخ میدهند استفاده میشود.
आह्वान करना
B1To call, to summon, to request someone's presence.
आज रात
A2امشب؛ شبِ امروز.
आजमाना
A2امتحان کردن یا آزمودن چیزی برای دیدن نحوه کارکرد آن یا آنچه اتفاق می افتد.
आक्रमण करना
B2آغاز عملیات نظامی علیه یک کشور یا گروه.
आखिरी
A2آخر، پایانی. 'آخرین اتوبوس' می شود 'Aakhiri bus'. 'آخرین بار' می شود 'Aakhiri baar'.
