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A2 noun #8,000 پرکاربردترین 9 دقیقه مطالعه

मकान मालिक

makaan maalik
تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها मकान मालिक در ۳۰ ثانیه
توضیح मकान मालिक in your Level:
At the A1 level, you should recognize मकान मालिक (Makan Malik) as a basic vocabulary word related to housing. Think of it as two simple words joined together: 'Makan' (House) and 'Malik' (Owner). You will mostly use it in very simple sentences to identify who owns the place where you live. For example, 'Mera makan malik achha hai' (My landlord is good). At this stage, you don't need to worry about complex legal definitions. Just remember that when you pay rent (kiraya), you give it to the makan malik. You might hear this word when someone asks you, 'Aapka makan malik kaun hai?' (Who is your landlord?). It is one of the essential nouns for anyone staying in a rented room or apartment. You should also learn the feminine version, 'makan malkin', if you are renting from a woman. Focus on the pronunciation: Ma-kaan Maa-lik. It's straightforward and used very frequently in daily life in India. You will see it on signs or hear it in basic conversations about where people live. It is a masculine noun, so you use 'mera' (my) instead of 'meri' when referring to a male landlord.
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At the A2 level, you begin to use मकान मालिक in more descriptive contexts and understand the basic social relationship it implies. You should be able to talk about interactions with the landlord, such as paying rent, asking for repairs, or discussing house rules. For example, 'Makan malik ne kaha ki kutto ki anumati nahi hai' (The landlord said that dogs are not allowed). You will also start encountering the oblique case, where 'makan malik' becomes 'makan malik ko' or 'makan malik se'. You should be able to handle simple negotiations or complaints. This level involves understanding that the makan malik is the person you go to if the tap is leaking or the electricity is out. You might also learn related words like 'kiraya' (rent) and 'kirayedar' (tenant). The A2 learner should be able to describe their landlord using basic adjectives like 'sakht' (strict), 'dayalu' (kind), or 'purana' (old/long-time). You are moving beyond just identifying the person to describing your relationship and interactions with them in the past, present, and future tenses.
At the B1 level, you can use मकान मालिक in more complex narrative and conditional sentences. You understand the nuances of the landlord-tenant relationship in India, including the 'Rent Agreement' (Kirayanama) and the 'Security Deposit'. You can explain problems in detail: 'Agar makan malik ne agle mahine tak chhat nahi sudhari, toh main ghar chhod dunga' (If the landlord doesn't fix the roof by next month, I will leave the house). You are also becoming aware of the honorifics used when speaking to or about a landlord, such as adding 'ji'. You can participate in discussions about the pros and cons of different landlords and understand the cultural expectations, such as the landlord's involvement in the tenant's lifestyle (which is common in India). At this stage, you can also distinguish between 'makan malik' and more formal terms like 'property owner' in English, and you can use the word in semi-formal writing, like a letter or an email to the landlord regarding maintenance issues or notice periods. You understand that the word carries a certain level of authority and responsibility.
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At the B2 level, your usage of मकान मालिक extends to legal, social, and economic discussions. You can talk about the rights and duties of a landlord under Indian law. You understand the implications of 'Rent Control Acts' and 'Eviction' (bedakhli). You can use the word in debates about the housing crisis in big cities or the exploitation of tenants. For example, 'Makan malikon ko chahiye ki ve kirayedar ki privacy ka samman karein' (Landlords should respect the tenant's privacy). You can also use the word metaphorically or in more idiomatic contexts. You are comfortable using the plural oblique form 'makan malikon' and can discuss the collective behavior of landlords in a specific neighborhood. Your vocabulary includes related legal terms like 'anubandh' (contract) and 'kanooni karvayi' (legal action). You can read newspaper articles about property disputes and understand the specific roles assigned to the 'makan malik'. At this level, you also recognize the difference between a private landlord and a commercial entity owning property, though 'makan malik' is primarily used for the former.
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At the C1 level, you have a sophisticated understanding of the term मकान मालिक and its sociolinguistic connotations. You can analyze the power dynamics inherent in the term, especially in a country with a history of feudal land ownership. You can discuss the evolution of the term from 'Zamindar' to 'Bhuswami' to the modern 'Makan Malik'. You understand the subtle differences in register between 'Makan Malik', 'Ghar-wala', and 'Bhuswami', and you can choose the appropriate term for academic writing, creative literature, or high-level business negotiations. You can interpret the portrayal of landlords in Hindi cinema and literature, discussing them as symbols of urban struggle or social stability. You are able to use the word in complex, nuanced arguments about urban planning, property rights, and social justice. For instance, you might discuss how 'makan malik' attitudes reflect broader societal prejudices regarding caste, religion, or marital status. Your command over the language allows you to use the word with precision in any context, from a courtroom to a philosophical discussion about the nature of 'ownership'.
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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like grasp of मकान मालिक, including its historical etymology and its role in the linguistic landscape of India. You can discuss the Persian and Arabic roots of 'makan' and 'malik' and how they merged into the Hindi-Urdu lexicon. You can explore the word's usage in classical poetry or modern legal theory with equal ease. You understand the most obscure idioms and cultural references associated with the term. You can write comprehensive reports or scholarly articles on the socio-economic impact of landlord-tenant laws, using 'makan malik' in a way that reflects deep cultural and legal expertise. You can navigate the most sensitive conversations with landlords, using linguistic subtlety to negotiate complex terms or resolve deep-seated conflicts. At this level, the word is not just a vocabulary item but a window into the complex history of property, power, and residence in the Indian subcontinent. You can also appreciate the irony or humor in the term's usage in satire and can employ it yourself to achieve specific rhetorical effects in your speech or writing.
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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

मकान मालिक در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • Makan Malik means landlord or house owner.
  • It is a masculine compound noun used in rental contexts.
  • The feminine version is 'makan malkin'.
  • It is essential for navigating housing and legal issues in India.

The Hindi term मकान मालिक (Makan Malik) is a compound noun that serves as the standard designation for a landlord or a property owner who rents out a building or a portion of it to others. To understand this word deeply, one must look at its constituent parts: makan, which translates to 'house' or 'building' (specifically the physical structure), and malik, which means 'owner', 'master', or 'lord'. Unlike the word 'ghar', which evokes the emotional sense of 'home', 'makan' refers to the bricks-and-mortar asset. Therefore, a मकान मालिक is fundamentally the master of the physical asset. In the socio-economic fabric of India, this term carries significant weight, representing a relationship that is often a blend of professional contractual obligations and traditional social hierarchies. You will use this word whenever you are discussing rental agreements, monthly rent payments, or the person who holds the legal title to a residential or commercial space you occupy. It is a gender-neutral term in common parlance, though the feminine form makan malkin is used specifically for a female landlord. In modern urban settings like Delhi or Mumbai, the मकान मालिक is a central figure in the lives of millions of migrant workers and students. The term is utilized in formal legal documents (Kirayanama) as well as in daily gripes about plumbing issues or rent hikes. Understanding this word is essential for anyone living in India, as the landlord-tenant dynamic is a cornerstone of urban survival.

Literal Breakdown
Makan (House/Structure) + Malik (Owner/Master) = House Owner.
Social Context
Refers to the person to whom rent (kiraya) is paid periodically.

मेरे मकान मालिक बहुत दयालु हैं और हमेशा मदद करते हैं। (My landlord is very kind and always helps.)

The term also appears in literature and cinema to depict various archetypes—from the oppressive, greedy landlord to the parental figure who looks after their tenants. When you use this word, you are acknowledging a position of authority regarding property. It is not just about ownership; it is about the right to permit or deny residence. In a legal sense, the 'makan malik' has specific rights under the Rent Control Act, and tenants must navigate their relationship with this person carefully. Whether you are signing a lease, asking for a repair, or negotiating the security deposit (advance), this is the person you are dealing with. The word is ubiquitous in classified ads ('Makan malik se sampark karein' - Contact the landlord) and in neighborhood gossip. Its usage spans all levels of society, from the luxury apartments of South Delhi to the chawls of Mumbai.

Using मकान मालिक correctly requires an understanding of Hindi's case system and gender agreement. Since 'malik' is masculine, the word functions as a masculine noun. If the landlord is female, you would change it to 'makan malkin' (मकान मालकिन). When the word is the subject of a sentence, it remains makan malik. However, when followed by a postposition like 'ne', 'ko', or 'se', it becomes part of an oblique construction. For example, 'मकान मालिक ने' (The landlord [did something]). When referring to multiple landlords in the oblique case, it changes to 'मकान मालिकों' (makan malikon). For instance, 'मकान मालिकों की बैठक' (Meeting of the landlords). It is important to note that even if you have a very friendly relationship with your landlord, the term remains the same, though you might add an honorific like 'ji' (मakan malik ji) to show respect, which is very common in Indian culture.

आज मकान मालिक किराया लेने आएंगे। (Today the landlord will come to collect the rent.)

Oblique Case
मैंने मकान मालिक को चाबी दे दी। (I gave the key to the landlord.)
Feminine Form
मेरी मकान मालकिन बहुत सख्त हैं। (My landlady is very strict.)

In complex sentences, 'makan malik' often acts as the agent of change for the living environment. Consider the sentence: 'अगर मकान मालिक अनुमति दें, तो मैं दीवार पर पेंट करवा सकता हूँ' (If the landlord permits, I can get the wall painted). Here, the word is central to the conditional clause. You will also see it paired with verbs like 'bulana' (to call), 'shikayat karna' (to complain), or 'samjhauta karna' (to negotiate). In the context of urban migration, a common sentence might be: 'नए शहर में एक अच्छा मकान मालिक मिलना किस्मत की बात है' (Finding a good landlord in a new city is a matter of luck). This highlights the word's role in the narrative of finding a home. Remember that while 'owner' can be translated as 'swami' in a more formal or religious context, 'malik' is the preferred choice for everyday business and housing transactions.

क्या आपने मकान मालिक से मरम्मत के बारे में बात की? (Did you talk to the landlord about the repairs?)

The word मकान मालिक is heard everywhere from the bustling streets of Chandni Chowk to the corporate housing complexes of Gurgaon. One of the most common places to hear it is in the context of financial transactions. On the first or seventh of every month, you will hear tenants saying, 'आज मकान मालिक को किराया देना है' (I have to give rent to the landlord today). It is also a staple of legal and administrative environments. If you are visiting a local police station for tenant verification—a common practice in Indian cities—the officer will inevitably ask for the 'makan malik ke dastavez' (landlord's documents). In the real estate industry, brokers (dalal) use the term constantly when showing properties: 'मकान मालिक यहाँ नहीं रहते' (The landlord doesn't live here) or 'मकान मालिक को शाकाहारी किरायेदार चाहिए' (The landlord wants vegetarian tenants).

पुलिस ने मकान मालिक से किरायेदार का पहचान पत्र माँगा। (The police asked the landlord for the tenant's ID.)

Another frequent setting is in social gatherings or 'chai pe charcha' (discussions over tea). Tenants often compare their landlords' temperaments. You might hear someone complain, 'मेरा मकान मालिक पानी के इस्तेमाल पर बहुत टोकता है' (My landlord nitpicks a lot about water usage). Conversely, in news reports regarding property disputes or building collapses, the media will use the term to identify the responsible party: 'पुलिस ने मकान मालिक के खिलाफ मामला दर्ज किया है' (The police have registered a case against the landlord). In Bollywood movies and TV soaps, the मकान मालिक is a character trope—sometimes the comic relief who keeps asking for rent, and sometimes the antagonist who threatens eviction. This cultural saturation means that even if you don't rent a house, you will encounter the word in news, entertainment, and legal discourse.

News Headline Example
मकान मालिक और किरायेदार के बीच हुआ विवाद। (Dispute occurred between landlord and tenant.)
Broker Talk
मकान मालिक एनआरआई (NRI) हैं। (The landlord is an NRI.)

हमारे मकान मालिक ने दिवाली पर सबको मिठाई दी। (Our landlord gave sweets to everyone on Diwali.)

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing मकान मालिक with the head of a household. While 'malik' does mean owner, 'makan malik' specifically implies a property ownership relationship, usually involving a tenant. If you want to say 'head of the family', you should use 'ghar ka mukhiya' or 'parivar ka mukhiya'. Using 'makan malik' to describe your father in your own home (where you don't pay rent) would sound very strange and overly transactional. Another mistake is using 'makan' and 'ghar' interchangeably in this compound. While 'ghar malik' is sometimes used, 'makan malik' is the standard term for a landlord. 'Ghar' implies a home, and a landlord owns the house (makan), not necessarily your 'home' (ghar) in the emotional sense.

Grammatically, learners often forget the oblique case. They might say 'Makan malik ko bulao' (correct) but fail when adding adjectives. It's 'Us makan malik ko' (To that landlord), not 'Vah makan malik ko'. Another nuance is gender. If your landlord is a woman, addressing her as 'makan malik' is technically understood but 'makan malkin' is more precise. However, in professional settings, some people stick to 'makan malik' as a general title, though 'malkin' is very common in domestic contexts. Avoid using 'owner' (as an English loanword) in very formal Hindi writing, though it is perfectly acceptable in 'Hinglish'. Lastly, don't confuse 'malik' with 'naukar' (servant). While they are opposites, in some historical contexts, 'malik' was used by servants to address their employers. In the modern rental context, however, it strictly means landlord.

Confusing 'Ghar' and 'Makan'
Wrong: Mere ghar ka malik (My home's owner - sounds like head of family). Right: Mera makan malik (My landlord).
Pluralization Error
Wrong: Makan malikein (Incorrect feminine plural). Right: Makan malkinein.

लोग अक्सर मकान मालिक और 'घर के मालिक' के बीच भ्रमित हो जाते हैं। (People often get confused between a landlord and the 'owner of the home'.)

While मकान मालिक is the most common term, there are several alternatives depending on the level of formality and the specific context. In legal documents, you will often encounter the Sanskrit-derived term भूस्वामी (Bhuswami), which literally means 'land-lord' or 'owner of the earth'. This is used in property law and official government records. Another formal term is स्वामी (Swami) or स्वामीत्व (Swamitva), referring to ownership. In everyday conversation, especially in rural areas, you might hear मालिक (Malik) used on its own if the context of the house is already established. For commercial properties, people sometimes use दुकान मालिक (Dukan Malik) for a shop owner or मालिक (Malik) for a business owner.

Bhuswami vs Makan Malik
Bhuswami is highly formal/legal; Makan Malik is common/conversational.
Ghar-wala / Ghar-wali
Informal way to refer to the landlord or the person whose house it is, but can also mean 'husband/wife'.

Another interesting alternative is लैंडलॉर्ड (Landlord), as English words are frequently used in urban India. However, 'makan malik' remains more rooted in local culture. If you are referring to someone who owns a large estate, the term might shift to ज़मींदार (Zamindar), though this has historical connotations of the feudal system that was abolished after independence. In the context of a hotel or a guesthouse, the term changes to होटल मालिक (Hotel Malik) or संचालक (Sanchalak - Manager/Operator). Understanding these variations helps you navigate different social strata. For example, using 'Bhuswami' in a casual conversation would seem pretentious, while using 'Makan Malik' in a high-court legal petition might be seen as insufficiently formal.

सरकारी कागजों में मकान मालिक को 'भूस्वामी' लिखा जाता है। (In government papers, the landlord is written as 'Bhuswami'.)

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

In Arabic, 'Al-Malik' is one of the 99 names of God, meaning 'The Absolute Ruler'. In Hindi, it has been localized to mean anyone who owns something, from a house to a dog.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /mə.kaːn maː.lɪk/
US /mə.kɑːn mɑː.lɪk/
Stress is evenly distributed, with a slight emphasis on the first syllable of 'Malik'.
هم‌قافیه با
Dukan (Shop) Makaan (House) Insaan (Human) Pareshaan (Worried) Saamaan (Stuff) Aasman (Sky) Khaliq (Creator - rhymes with Malik) Naliq (Unworthy - rhymes with Malik)
خطاهای رایج
  • Pronouncing 'makan' as 'may-kan' (incorrect English vowel).
  • Shortening the 'aa' in 'malik' to 'malik' (making it sound like 'milk').
  • Confusing the retroflex 'n' if applicable, though in 'makan' it is dental.
  • Swapping 'makan' and 'malik' (Malik Makan is incorrect).
  • Treating it as one word without a slight pause (Makanmalik).

سطح دشواری

خواندن 2/5

Easy to read as it uses common characters and a logical compound structure.

نوشتن 3/5

Requires correct spelling of 'makan' (with 'na') and 'malik' (with 'ik' vowel).

صحبت کردن 2/5

Pronunciation is phonetic and follows standard Hindi rules.

گوش دادن 2/5

Very distinct word, easily recognizable in conversations about housing.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

मकान (House) मालिक (Owner) किराया (Rent) रहना (To live) घर (Home)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

किरायेदार (Tenant) अनुबंध (Contract) मरम्मत (Repair) बिजली का बिल (Electricity bill) पड़ोसी (Neighbor)

پیشرفته

स्वामित्व (Ownership) पट्टा (Lease) बेदखली (Eviction) संपत्ति कर (Property tax) बंधक (Mortgage)

گرامر لازم

Compound Noun Gender

In 'Makan Malik', the gender is determined by the final word 'Malik' (Masculine).

Oblique Case with Postpositions

Makan malik + ko = Makan malik ko.

Respectful Plural

Using 'hain' (are) instead of 'hai' (is) for the landlord.

Possessive 'Ka/Ke/Ki'

Makan malik ka beta (Landlord's son).

Feminine Transformation

Malik becomes Malkin for a female landlord.

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

मेरा मकान मालिक अच्छा है।

My landlord is good.

Basic subject-adjective sentence.

2

मकान मालिक कहाँ है?

Where is the landlord?

Interrogative sentence using 'kahan'.

3

यह मेरे मकान मालिक का घर है।

This is my landlord's house.

Genitive case using 'ka'.

4

मकान मालिक कल आएगा।

The landlord will come tomorrow.

Future tense masculine singular.

5

मकान मालिक को किराया दो।

Give the rent to the landlord.

Imperative sentence with oblique case 'ko'.

6

वह एक दयालु मकान मालिक है।

He is a kind landlord.

Using an adjective 'dayalu'.

7

मकान मालिक का नाम क्या है?

What is the landlord's name?

Possessive 'ka' with 'naam'.

8

मकान मालिक बाहर खड़ा है।

The landlord is standing outside.

Present continuous state.

1

मैंने मकान मालिक से चाबी माँगी।

I asked the landlord for the key.

Past tense with 'se' (from).

2

मकान मालिक ने घर की मरम्मत करवाई।

The landlord got the house repaired.

Causative verb 'karvayi' with 'ne' agent.

3

क्या मकान मालिक यहाँ रहते हैं?

Does the landlord live here?

Present simple with respectful plural 'rehte hain'.

4

मकान मालिक ने किराया बढ़ा दिया है।

The landlord has increased the rent.

Present perfect tense.

5

मैं मकान मालिक को फोन करूँगा।

I will call the landlord.

Future tense with object marker 'ko'.

6

मकान मालिक बहुत सख्त नियम रखते हैं।

The landlord keeps very strict rules.

Adjective 'sakht' modifying 'niyam'.

7

मकान मालिक से अनुमति लेनी होगी।

Permission will have to be taken from the landlord.

Passive-style obligation 'leni hogi'.

8

मकान मालिक ने नए किरायेदार को मना कर दिया।

The landlord refused the new tenant.

Past tense with compound verb 'mana kar diya'.

1

मकान मालिक और किरायेदार के बीच एक समझौता हुआ।

An agreement was reached between the landlord and the tenant.

Using 'ke beech' (between).

2

अगर मकान मालिक समय पर नहीं आए, तो हम क्या करेंगे?

If the landlord doesn't come on time, what will we do?

Conditional 'agar... toh' sentence.

3

मकान मालिक ने बिजली का बिल भरने को कहा है।

The landlord has asked to pay the electricity bill.

Indirect speech using 'ko kaha'.

4

हमें मकान मालिक को सूचित करना चाहिए।

We should inform the landlord.

Using 'chahiye' for suggestion/obligation.

5

मकान मालिक ने घर खाली करने का नोटिस दिया है।

The landlord has given a notice to vacate the house.

Noun phrase 'ghar khali karne ka'.

6

मेरे मकान मालिक ने मुझे दिवाली की बधाई दी।

My landlord congratulated me on Diwali.

Past tense with specific occasion 'ki badhai'.

7

मकान मालिक मरम्मत के खर्च के लिए तैयार नहीं है।

The landlord is not ready for the repair expenses.

Negative sentence with 'ke liye'.

8

मकान मालिक ने सुरक्षा राशि वापस कर दी।

The landlord returned the security deposit.

Compound verb 'vapas kar di'.

1

मकान मालिक को किरायेदार की निजता का सम्मान करना चाहिए।

The landlord should respect the tenant's privacy.

Formal obligation using 'nijta' (privacy).

2

अदालत ने मकान मालिक के पक्ष में फैसला सुनाया।

The court delivered the verdict in favor of the landlord.

Legal context 'ke paksh mein' (in favor of).

3

मकान मालिक ने बिना किसी पूर्व सूचना के ताला बदल दिया।

The landlord changed the lock without any prior notice.

Using 'bina kisi' (without any).

4

कई मकान मालिक अविवाहित लोगों को कमरा नहीं देते।

Many landlords do not give rooms to unmarried people.

Social observation using plural 'kayi'.

5

मकान मालिक की लापरवाही के कारण छत गिर गई।

The roof collapsed due to the landlord's negligence.

Reasoning with 'ke karan' (due to).

6

मकान मालिक ने किराये के अनुबंध की शर्तों का उल्लंघन किया।

The landlord violated the terms of the rental agreement.

Formal vocabulary 'ullanghan' (violation).

7

क्या मकान मालिक किरायेदार से अतिरिक्त शुल्क ले सकता है?

Can the landlord charge an additional fee from the tenant?

Modal verb 'sakta hai' for possibility/permission.

8

मकान मालिक ने पुलिस वेरिफिकेशन के लिए दस्तावेज माँगे।

The landlord asked for documents for police verification.

Administrative context.

1

मकान मालिक और किरायेदार का संबंध अक्सर विश्वास पर आधारित होता है।

The relationship between landlord and tenant is often based on trust.

Abstract concept 'vishwas par aadharit'.

2

मकान मालिक ने किरायेदार को बेदखल करने के लिए कानूनी नोटिस भेजा।

The landlord sent a legal notice to evict the tenant.

Specific legal term 'bedakhal' (evict).

3

शहरी क्षेत्रों में मकान मालिक अक्सर मनमाना किराया वसूलते हैं।

In urban areas, landlords often charge arbitrary rent.

Social critique using 'manmana' (arbitrary).

4

मकान मालिक की संपत्ति पर किरायेदार का कोई कानूनी अधिकार नहीं है।

The tenant has no legal right over the landlord's property.

Legal assertion of rights.

5

मकान मालिक ने अपनी वसीयत में घर अपने बेटे के नाम कर दिया।

The landlord transferred the house to his son's name in his will.

Succession context 'vasiyat' (will).

6

कुछ मकान मालिक किरायेदार की व्यक्तिगत पसंद पर पाबंदी लगाते हैं।

Some landlords impose restrictions on the tenant's personal choices.

Complex social dynamic 'pabandi lagana'.

7

मकान मालिक ने दावा किया कि उसने सभी सुरक्षा मानकों का पालन किया है।

The landlord claimed that he followed all safety standards.

Reporting a claim 'daava kiya'.

8

मकान मालिक और किरायेदार के विवाद को सुलझाने के लिए मध्यस्थता जरूरी है।

Mediation is necessary to resolve the landlord-tenant dispute.

Conflict resolution vocabulary 'madhyasthata'.

1

मकान मालिक की सत्ता और किरायेदार की विवशता भारतीय उपन्यासों का एक प्रमुख विषय रही है।

The power of the landlord and the helplessness of the tenant has been a major theme in Indian novels.

Literary analysis.

2

क्या मकान मालिक को किरायेदार की जीवनशैली में हस्तक्षेप करने का नैतिक अधिकार है?

Does the landlord have the moral right to interfere in the tenant's lifestyle?

Philosophical/ethical inquiry.

3

मकान मालिक ने संपत्ति के स्वामित्व को लेकर एक लंबा कानूनी युद्ध लड़ा।

The landlord fought a long legal battle regarding the ownership of the property.

Advanced narrative 'kanooni yuddh'.

4

मकान मालिक के प्रति किरायेदार का दृष्टिकोण अक्सर वर्ग संघर्ष को दर्शाता है।

The tenant's perspective towards the landlord often reflects class struggle.

Sociological terminology 'varg sangharsh'.

5

मकान मालिक ने किरायेदारी अधिनियम की सूक्ष्मताओं का लाभ उठाया।

The landlord took advantage of the subtleties of the Tenancy Act.

Highly technical 'sukshmata' (subtleties).

6

मकान मालिक और किरायेदार के बीच का अनुबंध मात्र एक कागज़ नहीं, बल्कि एक सामाजिक विश्वास है।

The contract between landlord and tenant is not just a paper, but a social trust.

Rhetorical/philosophical statement.

7

मकान मालिक ने पूरी इमारत का पुनर्विकास करने का साहसिक निर्णय लिया।

The landlord took the bold decision to redevelop the entire building.

Economic/Business context 'punarvikas'.

8

मकान मालिक की अनुपस्थिति में किरायेदार ने ही घर की देखभाल की।

In the landlord's absence, the tenant themselves took care of the house.

Complex prepositional phrase 'ki anupasthiti mein'.

مترادف‌ها

भूस्वामी (Bhuswami) स्वामी (Swami) घर-मालिक (Ghar-malik) मालिक (Malik) लैंडलॉर्ड (Landlord) संपत्ति स्वामी (Sampatti Swami) गृहस्वामी (Grihaswami) मालिक-मकान (Malik-e-makan)

متضادها

किरायेदार (Kirayedar) अतिथि (Atithi) नौकर (Naukar) बेघर (Beghar)

ترکیب‌های رایج

मकान मालिक और किरायेदार
मकान मालिक को किराया देना
सख्त मकान मालिक
मकान मालिक की अनुमति
मकान मालिक का नोटिस
दयालु मकान मालिक
मकान मालिक का फोन
मकान मालिक के नियम
मकान मालिक का घर
मकान मालिक की जिम्मेदारी

عبارات رایج

मकान मालिक से पूछना

— To ask the landlord. Used when seeking permission for changes.

क्या आपने मकान मालिक से पूछ लिया?

मकान मालिक को सूचित करना

— To inform the landlord. Used for repairs or leaving.

हमें मकान मालिक को सूचित करना होगा।

मकान मालिक का दरवाजा खटखटाना

— To knock on the landlord's door. Often literal or figurative for asking help.

मैंने मदद के लिए मकान मालिक का दरवाजा खटखटाया।

मकान मालिक को चाबी सौंपना

— To hand over the keys to the landlord. Used when vacating.

उसने मकान मालिक को चाबी सौंप दी।

मकान मालिक की शर्तें

— The landlord's terms/conditions.

क्या आपको मकान मालिक की शर्तें मंजूर हैं?

मकान मालिक को किराया मिलना

— The landlord receiving the rent.

मकान मालिक को समय पर किराया मिल गया।

मकान मालिक का गुस्सा

— The landlord's anger.

मकान मालिक का गुस्सा सातवें आसमान पर था।

मकान मालिक की शिकायत

— The landlord's complaint (or a complaint against him).

किरायेदार ने मकान मालिक की शिकायत की।

मकान मालिक का भरोसा

— The landlord's trust.

उसने मकान मालिक का भरोसा जीत लिया।

मकान मालिक से मिलना

— To meet the landlord.

मैं आज मकान मालिक से मिलने जा रहा हूँ।

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

मकान मालिक vs Ghar ka Malik

Refers to the head of the family, usually the father/husband, not necessarily a landlord.

मकान मालिक vs Dukan Malik

Specifically refers to a shop owner, not a residential landlord.

मकान मालिक vs Swami

Can mean 'husband' or 'spiritual master' in addition to 'owner'.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"मकान मालिक की उंगली पर नाचना"

— To dance to the landlord's tunes. Being completely controlled by them.

वह बेचारा किरायेदार मकान मालिक की उंगली पर नाचता है।

Informal
"किराये का मकान, मकान मालिक की जान"

— A rented house is the landlord's life. Implies they are very protective of it.

संभल कर रहो, किराये का मकान है और यह मकान मालिक की जान है।

Colloquial
"मकान मालिक का सिर खाना"

— To bother the landlord excessively with complaints.

नल खराब होते ही वह मकान मालिक का सिर खाने पहुँच जाता है।

Slang
"मकान मालिक की आँखों का तारा"

— To be the landlord's favorite tenant.

समय पर किराया देने के कारण वह मकान मालिक की आँखों का तारा है।

Informal
"मकान मालिक को चूना लगाना"

— To cheat the landlord (e.g., not paying rent and leaving).

वह पिछले महीने का किराया दिए बिना मकान मालिक को चूना लगाकर भाग गया।

Slang
"मकान मालिक की नाक में दम करना"

— To harass or annoy the landlord greatly.

शोर मचाकर लड़कों ने मकान मालिक की नाक में दम कर दिया है।

Colloquial
"मकान मालिक के तलवे चाटना"

— To flatter the landlord excessively for favors.

वह अपना किराया कम करवाने के लिए मकान मालिक के तलवे चाटता है।

Informal/Derogatory
"मकान मालिक की मुट्ठी गरम करना"

— To bribe the landlord (often for illegal extensions).

दुकान बढ़ाने के लिए उसने मकान मालिक की मुट्ठी गरम की।

Slang
"मकान मालिक का दिल जीतना"

— To win the landlord's heart through good behavior.

उसकी ईमानदारी ने मकान मालिक का दिल जीत लिया।

Informal
"मकान मालिक की लाठी"

— Metaphorical for the landlord's power or punishment.

मकान मालिक की लाठी जब चलती है, तो किरायेदार को घर छोड़ना ही पड़ता है।

Literary

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

मकान मालिक vs Malkin

It is the feminine form.

Malkin is used for a female landlord. Use it specifically if the owner is a woman.

Hamari malkin bahut buddhi hain.

मकान मालिक vs Kirayedar

They are the two parties in the same contract.

Makan malik receives rent; Kirayedar pays rent.

Kirayedar ne makan malik ko paise diye.

मकान मालिक vs Zamindar

Both refer to land ownership.

Zamindar is historical/feudal and refers to large estates. Makan malik is modern and urban.

Purane zamane mein zamindar hote the.

मकान मालिक vs Property Dealer

Both involved in housing.

The dealer is the middleman (broker). The makan malik is the actual owner.

Property dealer ne humein makan malik se milvaya.

मकान मालिक vs Chowkidar

Both associated with the building.

Chowkidar is the watchman/guard. Makan malik is the owner.

Chowkidar ne bataya ki makan malik ghar par nahi hain.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

A1

[Possessive] [Makan Malik] [Adjective] hai.

Mera makan malik achha hai.

A2

[Makan Malik] ne [Noun] [Verb-Past].

Makan malik ne chabi di.

B1

Agar [Makan Malik] [Verb-Subjunctive], toh [Result].

Agar makan malik kahein, toh main jaunga.

B2

[Makan Malik] ko [Noun] ki [Noun] karni chahiye.

Makan malik ko ghar ki marammat karni chahiye.

C1

[Makan Malik] ka [Abstract Noun] [Verb-Present].

Makan malik ka vyavhar badal raha hai.

C2

[Makan Malik] ke [Legal Term] ka [Noun].

Makan malik ke swamitva ka vivad.

A2

Kya [Makan Malik] [Adverb] [Verb]?

Kya makan malik kal ayenge?

B1

Maine [Makan Malik] se [Noun] manga.

Maine makan malik se waqt manga.

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

मालकियत (Malkiyat - Ownership)
मालकिन (Malkin - Landlady)
मकान (Makan - House)
मालिक (Malik - Owner)

فعل‌ها

मालिकाना हक़ जमाना (Malikana haq jamana - To assert ownership)

صفت‌ها

मालिकाना (Malikana - Proprietary/Owner-like)

مرتبط

किरायेदार (Tenant)
किराया (Rent)
लीज (Lease)
अनुबंध (Contract)
संपत्ति (Property)
برای دیدن همه مثال‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

نحوه استفاده

frequency

Extremely common in urban Hindi speech.

اشتباهات رایج
  • Using 'Mera Makan Malik' for your father. → Mere Pita Ji or Ghar ke mukhiya.

    Makan Malik implies a commercial landlord-tenant relationship. It sounds cold when used for family.

  • Writing 'Makan Maalik' with two 'a's in the second syllable. → Makan Malik (मालिक).

    The 'i' sound is short. Over-extending it is a common spelling and pronunciation error.

  • Using 'Makan' for a shop. → Dukan Malik.

    Makan is specifically a residence. Using it for a commercial shop is incorrect.

  • Forgetting the oblique case in plural. → Makan malikon ko.

    When referring to multiple landlords with a postposition, you must use 'malikon'.

  • Confusing 'Malkin' with 'Malik'. → Use 'Malkin' for women.

    While 'Malik' can be a general title, 'Malkin' is the correct gender-specific term for a woman.

نکات

Gender Agreement

Always remember that 'Malik' is masculine. Use 'achha' (good) and 'mera' (my) even if the house itself (makan) is the object.

Using Honorifics

In India, relationships are key. Adding 'Ji' to 'Makan Malik' can make your requests for repairs much more effective!

Makan vs Ghar

Use 'Makan' for the building you rent. Use 'Ghar' for the place where your family lives and your heart is.

Pronunciation

The 'k' in 'malik' is a soft 'k'. Don't stress it too hard. Keep the 'aa' in 'makan' long.

Rental Agreements

When you see the word 'Lessor' in an English agreement in India, the Hindi equivalent used will be 'Makan Malik'.

Landlord Presence

Be aware that many 'makan malik' live in the same building. This makes the word part of your daily social life.

Root Words

Learning 'Malik' (Owner) helps you learn 'Dukan Malik' (Shop owner), 'Car Malik', etc. It's a very productive root.

Spelling Tip

The 'i' in 'Malik' is 'Chhoti I' (f), not 'Badi I'. It is written as मालिक, not मालोक or मालीक.

Oblique Case

When you say 'To the landlord', it is 'Makan malik ko'. The word 'malik' doesn't change unless it's plural.

Tenant Disputes

If you hear 'Makan malik se jagda' (Fight with the landlord), it's a very common urban trope in India.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of a 'Man' who 'Can' (Makan) be the 'Master' (Malik). He is the Man-Can-Master of the house.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a man holding a giant gold key (Malik) standing on top of a small house (Makan).

شبکه واژگان

Makan (House) Malik (Owner) Kiraya (Rent) Kirayedar (Tenant) Kamra (Room) Chabi (Key) Ghar (Home) Zameen (Land)

چالش

Try to use 'makan malik' in three different sentences today: one about rent, one about a repair, and one about a rule.

ریشه کلمه

The word is a compound of two loanwords. 'Makan' comes from Persian 'makān' (place/station), which originally stems from Arabic 'kāna' (to be). 'Malik' comes directly from Arabic 'malik' (king/owner/master).

معنای اصلی: A person who is the master of a specific place or station.

Indo-Aryan (Hindi) with heavy Perso-Arabic influence.

بافت فرهنگی

Be respectful when using the term. Adding 'ji' (Makan malik ji) is highly recommended to maintain a good relationship.

In the West, 'Landlord' is often a distant figure or a corporation. In India, the 'makan malik' is usually an individual who might live next door.

The movie 'Kirayedar' (1986) explores landlord-tenant dynamics. The character of the grumpy landlord in the TV show 'Wagle Ki Duniya'. Premchand's stories often feature the 'Malik' as a figure of authority.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Paying Rent

  • किराया कब देना है?
  • क्या मैं चेक से दे सकता हूँ?
  • रसीद मिलेगी?
  • अगले महीने दूँगा।

Asking for Repairs

  • नल टपक रहा है।
  • दीवार में सीलन है।
  • पेंट खराब हो गया है।
  • बिजली नहीं आ रही।

Moving In

  • सिक्योरिटी कितनी है?
  • सामान कब ला सकते हैं?
  • रजिस्ट्रेशन कब होगा?
  • कितने लोग रह सकते हैं?

Moving Out

  • मैं घर खाली कर रहा हूँ।
  • नोटिस पीरियड कितना है?
  • पैसे वापस कब मिलेंगे?
  • चाबी किसे देनी है?

House Rules

  • क्या दोस्त आ सकते हैं?
  • पार्टी की अनुमति है?
  • गेट कितने बजे बंद होता है?
  • कूड़ा कहाँ फेंकना है?

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"आपका मकान मालिक कैसा है? (How is your landlord?)"

"क्या आपके मकान मालिक ने किराया बढ़ा दिया? (Did your landlord increase the rent?)"

"मकान मालिक ने मरम्मत के लिए क्या कहा? (What did the landlord say about repairs?)"

"क्या आप मकान मालिक के साथ ही रहते हैं? (Do you live with the landlord?)"

"मकान मालिक को फोन करके पूछो। (Call the landlord and ask.)"

موضوعات نگارش

आज मैंने अपने मकान मालिक से बात की और...

एक आदर्श मकान मालिक कैसा होना चाहिए?

मेरे और मेरे मकान मालिक के बीच के संबंध...

अगर मैं मकान मालिक होता, तो मैं...

किराये के घर में रहने की चुनौतियाँ और मकान मालिक का व्यवहार।

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

It is a compound noun written as two words: 'मकान मालिक'. Sometimes it is hyphenated, but keeping them separate is standard.

No, for a shop, you should use 'Dukan Malik'. 'Makan' specifically refers to a house or residential building.

You can call him 'Malik Ji', 'Uncle Ji', or simply use 'Aap' and plural verb forms to show respect.

The feminine form is 'मकान मालकिन' (Makan Malkin).

Yes, in cities like Mumbai or Bangalore, people often use the English word 'Landlord', but 'Makan Malik' is understood everywhere.

Not exactly. 'Makan Malik' is a commercial landlord. 'Ghar ka Malik' usually means the head of the household.

In the direct case, it remains 'मकान मालिक'. In the oblique case (with prepositions), it becomes 'मकान मालिकों' (Makan Malikon).

Yes, it is acceptable, though 'Bhuswami' or 'Sampatti Swami' might be used for even higher formality.

'Makan' refers to the physical structure (house), whereas 'Ghar' refers to the emotional home. Landlords own the structure.

Yes, in many Hindi/Urdu songs and poems, 'Malik' refers to the Almighty, but 'Makan Malik' only refers to a landlord.

برای نکات و یادداشت‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

خودت رو بسنج 200 سوال

writing

Write a sentence using 'Makan Malik' and 'Kiraya'.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Describe your ideal landlord in Hindi.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a short note to your landlord about a leaking tap.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate: 'The landlord increased the rent by 10 percent.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Explain the importance of a 'Kirayanama'.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Use 'Makan Malik' in a sentence about moving out.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a sentence using the feminine form 'Makan Malkin'.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate: 'Who is the owner of this house?'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a sentence about a strict landlord.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate: 'The landlord returned the security deposit.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Discuss the pros and cons of living with a landlord.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a sentence using 'Makan Malikon' (plural).

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate: 'I need to ask the landlord for permission.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a sentence about a repair done by the landlord.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate: 'The landlord lives on the ground floor.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a dialogue between a tenant and a landlord about rent.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate: 'The court ruled in favor of the landlord.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a sentence about a landlord's rules.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate: 'The landlord is out of town.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a sentence about a kind landlord.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'My landlord is very kind.' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Ask: 'Where is the landlord?' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'I have to pay the rent today.' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'The landlord called me.' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Ask: 'When will the landlord come?' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'I asked the landlord for the key.' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'The landlord increased the rent.' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'I am looking for a new landlord.' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'The landlord is very strict.' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'I gave the notice to the landlord.' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'The landlord fixed the tap.' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'My landlord lives upstairs.' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'The landlord is not at home.' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'I want to speak to the landlord.' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'The landlord gave me a receipt.' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'The landlord is a good person.' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'The landlord wants the room empty.' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'I will call the landlord tomorrow.' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'The landlord is happy with us.' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'Thank you, Landlord Ji.' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify the word: 'मकान मालिक ने किराया माँगा।' (The landlord asked for rent.)

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify the word: 'हमारा मकान मालिक बहुत अच्छा है।' (Our landlord is very good.)

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify the word: 'मकान मालिक ने चाबी दी।' (The landlord gave the key.)

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify the word: 'मकान मालिक को फोन करो।' (Call the landlord.)

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify the word: 'मकान मालिक ने मरम्मत करवाई।' (The landlord got repairs done.)

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify the word: 'मकान मालिक से पूछो।' (Ask the landlord.)

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify the word: 'मकान मालिक ने नोटिस दिया।' (The landlord gave notice.)

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify the word: 'मकान मालिक कल आएंगे।' (The landlord will come tomorrow.)

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify the word: 'मकान मालिक ने किराया बढ़ा दिया।' (The landlord increased the rent.)

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify the word: 'मकान मालिक का घर कहाँ है?' (Where is the landlord's house?)

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify the word: 'मकान मालिक ने मना कर दिया।' (The landlord refused.)

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify the word: 'मकान मालिक ने रसीद दी।' (The landlord gave a receipt.)

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify the word: 'मकान मालिक ने दिवाली की बधाई दी।' (The landlord gave Diwali greetings.)

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify the word: 'मकान मालिक ने ताला बदल दिया।' (The landlord changed the lock.)

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify the word: 'मकान मालिक ने समझौता किया।' (The landlord made an agreement.)

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

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