B1 Passive & Reported Speech 1 min read آسان

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

To report a command, use 'da' + present tense or the infinitive structure to relay what someone asked or told you to do.

  • Use 'reći da' + present tense for commands: 'Rekao mi je da dođem.'
  • Use 'zamoliti da' + present tense for requests: 'Zamolio me je da pomognem.'
  • Negative commands use 'ne' + present: 'Rekao je da ne kasnim.'
Subject + Verb (reći/zamoliti) + da + Subject + Verb (Present)

Meanings

This grammar is used to report what someone else commanded or requested, shifting the focus from the direct order to the act of reporting it.

1

Reporting Commands

Relaying an order given by someone else.

“Šef je rekao da radimo prekovremeno.”

“Policajac je naredio da stanemo.”

2

Reporting Requests

Relaying a polite request made by someone else.

“Prijatelj me zamolio da mu posudim novac.”

“Mama me zamolila da kupim kruh.”

3

Negative Reporting

Relaying a prohibition or negative request.

“Rekao je da ne dolazim kasno.”

“Zamolila me da ne vičem.”

Reporting Structure

Reporting Verb (Past) Conjunction Subordinate Verb (Present)
Rekao sam da radim
Rekao si da radiš
Rekao je da radi
Rekli smo da radimo
Rekli ste da radite
Rekli su da rade

Reference Table

Reference table for Reporting Commands and Requests
Form Structure Example
Affirmative Rekao je da + Present Rekao je da dođem.
Negative Rekao je da ne + Present Rekao je da ne dolazim.
Request Zamolio je da + Present Zamolio je da pomognem.
Plural Rekli su da + Present Rekli su da radimo.
Past Reporting Rekao je da + Present Rekao je da kupim kruh.
Prohibition Rekao je da ne + Present Rekao je da ne vičem.

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
Zamolio me je da pričekam.

Zamolio me je da pričekam. (Waiting for someone)

خنثی
Rekao mi je da pričekam.

Rekao mi je da pričekam. (Waiting for someone)

غیر رسمی
Rekao mi je da čekam.

Rekao mi je da čekam. (Waiting for someone)

عامیانه
Rekao mi je da stojim.

Rekao mi je da stojim. (Waiting for someone)

Reporting Flow

Reported Command

Reporting Verbs

  • reći to say
  • zamoliti to ask

Structure

  • da + present that + present

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

Rekao je da dođem.

He said to come.

1

Mama je rekla da operem suđe.

Mom said to wash the dishes.

1

Šef je zamolio da radimo prekovremeno.

The boss asked us to work overtime.

1

Rekli su da ne ulazimo bez kucanja.

They said not to enter without knocking.

1

Zahtijevao je da odmah napustimo prostoriju.

He demanded that we leave the room immediately.

1

Savjetovali su da ne žurimo s odlukom.

They advised that we not rush the decision.

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

Reporting Commands and Requests در مقابل Direct vs Indirect Speech

Learners mix up the verb forms.

Reporting Commands and Requests در مقابل Infinitive vs Present

Learners use infinitive after 'da'.

Reporting Commands and Requests در مقابل Reported Command vs Statement

Using 'da' for both.

اشتباهات رایج

Rekao mi je doći.

Rekao mi je da dođem.

Infinitive cannot be used here.

Rekao mi je dođi.

Rekao mi je da dođem.

Imperative cannot be used in reported speech.

Rekao mi je da sam došao.

Rekao mi je da dođem.

Wrong tense used.

Rekao mi je da dođe.

Rekao mi je da dođem.

Wrong person conjugation.

Zamolio me je da kupio.

Zamolio me je da kupim.

Must use present tense.

Rekao je ne doći.

Rekao je da ne dođem.

Missing 'da'.

Zamolio me da ja kupim.

Zamolio me je da kupim.

Redundant pronoun.

Rekao je da radimo prekovremeno.

Rekao je da radimo prekovremeno.

Actually correct, but check context.

Rekao je da bi radio.

Rekao je da radim.

Conditional is wrong here.

Rekao je da radim sutra.

Rekao je da radim sutra.

Correct, but watch for tense shifts.

Zahtijevao je da radim.

Zahtijevao je da radim.

Correct, but check formal register.

Savjetovao je da ne bih išao.

Savjetovao je da ne idem.

Conditional is wrong.

Naredio je da se radi.

Naredio je da radimo.

Passive vs active.

Rekao je da moram raditi.

Rekao je da radim.

Modal verb is redundant.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

___ je rekao da ___.

Zamolio me je da ___.

Rekao je da ne ___.

___ su rekli da ___.

Real World Usage

Workplace very common

Šef je rekao da pošaljem izvještaj.

Texting constant

Mama rekla da dođem doma.

School common

Učitelj je rekao da učimo.

Travel occasional

Rekli su da čekamo ovdje.

Social Media common

Rekli su da pratimo profil.

Food Delivery occasional

Rekli su da ostavim hranu.

💡

Focus on the 'da'

Always look for 'da' when you hear someone reporting an order.
⚠️

No infinitive

Never use the infinitive after 'da'. It is the most common error.
🎯

Match the person

If the boss says 'Dođi', you say 'Rekao je da dođem'.
💬

Politeness

Use 'zamoliti' to sound more polite when reporting requests.

Smart Tips

Always check the person of the verb.

Rekao je da dođe. Rekao je da dođem.

Use 'zamoliti' to be polite.

Rekao je da pomognem. Zamolio me je da pomognem.

Put 'ne' right before the verb.

Rekao je da dođem ne. Rekao je da ne dođem.

Ensure the verb matches 'mi' (we) or 'vi' (you plural).

Rekao je da radim. Rekao je da radimo.

تلفظ

da-DA

Intonation

The 'da' clause should be spoken with a slightly rising intonation if it's a request.

Command

Rekao je da RADIM.

Firm instruction.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Remember 'DA' is the bridge: 'DA' connects the past command to the present action.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a bridge labeled 'DA'. On one side is a person shouting in the past, and on the other side is you doing the action in the present.

Rhyme

When you report what they say, use 'da' and present tense all the way.

Story

My boss told me to work. I tell my friend: 'Šef je rekao da radim.' I use 'da' to pass the message along.

شبکه واژگان

rećizamolitidanareditisavjetovatitražiti

چالش

Report three things your friends asked you to do today using 'zamoliti da'.

نکات فرهنگی

Croatians value politeness. Using 'zamoliti' (to ask) is preferred over 'narediti' (to order) even when reporting a boss's command.

The 'da' construction is a Slavic innovation to replace the older infinitive-heavy structures.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

Što ti je mama rekla da napraviš danas?

Što ti je šef rekao da radiš?

Što su te zamolili prijatelji?

Što ti je liječnik rekao da radiš?

موضوعات نگارش

Write about a busy day at work. What did your boss tell you to do?
What did your teacher tell you to study for the exam?
Describe a time someone asked you for a favor.
What are your parents' rules for you?

Test Yourself

Fill in the correct form.

Rekao mi je da ___ (doći).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dođem
First person singular required.
Choose the correct sentence. چند گزینه‌ای

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Rekao je da radim.
Conjugated verb after 'da'.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Zamolio me je da kupiti kruh.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kupim
Must be conjugated.
Transform to reported speech. Sentence Transformation

Direct: 'Radi!' -> Reported: 'Rekao je da...'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: radim
Reported command.
Is this rule true? True False Rule

Can you use the infinitive after 'da'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Always use conjugated present.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: 'Dođi!' B: 'Rekao je da...'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dođem
Reported command.
Order the words. Sentence Building

da / rekao / radim / je

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Rekao je da radim.
Correct word order.
Conjugate the verb. Conjugation Drill

Rekli su da ___ (pomoći).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: pomognemo
Plural conjugation.

Score: /8

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Fill in the correct form.

Rekao mi je da ___ (doći).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dođem
First person singular required.
Choose the correct sentence. چند گزینه‌ای

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Rekao je da radim.
Conjugated verb after 'da'.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Zamolio me je da kupiti kruh.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kupim
Must be conjugated.
Transform to reported speech. Sentence Transformation

Direct: 'Radi!' -> Reported: 'Rekao je da...'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: radim
Reported command.
Is this rule true? True False Rule

Can you use the infinitive after 'da'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Always use conjugated present.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: 'Dođi!' B: 'Rekao je da...'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dođem
Reported command.
Order the words. Sentence Building

da / rekao / radim / je

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Rekao je da radim.
Correct word order.
Conjugate the verb. Conjugation Drill

Rekli su da ___ (pomoći).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: pomognemo
Plural conjugation.

Score: /8

سوالات متداول (8)

Yes, it is the standard conjunction for reported commands.

Croatian grammar requires a finite verb form after 'da'.

The structure is the same, just use 'zamoliti'.

Just add 'ne' before the verb.

It is neutral and used in all settings.

Match the person being addressed in the original command.

No, 'da' is the only one used for this.

No, reported questions use 'li' or 'što'.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish partial

Dijo que viniera (subjunctive)

Croatian uses indicative present, Spanish uses subjunctive.

French partial

Il a dit de venir

French uses infinitive; Croatian uses 'da' + conjugated verb.

German moderate

Er sagte, dass ich kommen soll

German requires a modal verb for commands.

Japanese low

~ように言った

Japanese uses a particle suffix.

Arabic moderate

قال لي أن آتي

Arabic uses a particle similar to 'da'.

Chinese low

他叫我来

Chinese lacks conjugation.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Was this helpful?
هنوز نظری وجود ندارد. اولین نفری باشید که افکار خود را به اشتراک می‌گذارد!