B2 · بالای متوسط فصل 45

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چی یاد می‌گیری

Covers connectors used in formal writing and speech. Teaches how to structure coherent arguments.

نکات و ترفندها (4)

💡

The Comma is Key

If you forget the comma after 'Namun' or 'Selain itu', your writing will look amateur. It's the easiest way to look like a pro.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Discourse Connectors
🎯

The Comma is Non-Negotiable

In any formal Indonesian exam (like UKBI), forgetting the comma after 'Namun' or 'Oleh karena itu' is a guaranteed point deduction.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Formal Connectors
💡

Use a comma

Always add a comma after a sentence-initial marker.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Coherent Arguments
🎯

The Comma Rule

Always put a comma after 'Namun', 'Selain itu', and 'Oleh karena itu' when they start a sentence. It makes your writing look professional instantly.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Discourse Flow

تمرین سریع (10)

Identify the error in this sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Saya suka belajar bahasa Indonesia. Selain itu saya juga suka belajar sejarah.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Missing comma after 'Selain itu'
Formal connectors must be followed by a comma in written Indonesian.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Formal Connectors

Fill in the blank with the correct connector for contrast.

Dia sudah minum obat. ____, panas badannya belum turun.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Namun
'Namun' shows contrast between taking medicine and the fever not dropping.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Formal Connectors

Identify the error in the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Saya suka belajar bahasa Indonesia, namun saya sulit menghafal kosa kata.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Using 'namun' inside a sentence
'Namun' should start a new sentence after a period.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Discourse Connectors

Choose the best connector for a formal essay.

Ekonomi sedang lesu. ____, daya beli masyarakat menurun.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Oleh karena itu
'Oleh karena itu' provides a logical result in a formal register.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Discourse Flow

Choose the best marker.

Dia kaya, ___ dia tidak sombong.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: namun
Contrast requires 'namun'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Coherent Arguments

Fix the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Oleh karena itu dia pergi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Oleh karena itu, dia pergi.
Needs a comma.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Coherent Arguments

Correct the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Meskipun dia sakit tetapi dia tetap bekerja.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A dan B benar
You cannot use 'Meskipun' and 'tetapi' together.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Discourse Flow

Fill in the blank.

Hujan deras, ___ acara dibatalkan.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: oleh karena itu
Causality requires a formal marker.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Coherent Arguments

Choose the correct connector to show contrast.

Dia sangat lelah. ____, dia tetap menyelesaikan tugasnya.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Namun
'Namun' shows contrast between being tired and finishing work.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Discourse Connectors

Choose the correct formal connector to show result.

Harga bensin naik. ____, harga bahan pokok juga ikut naik.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Oleh karena itu
The second sentence is a result of the first, so 'Oleh karena itu' (Therefore) is correct.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Formal Connectors

Score: /10

سوالات رایج (6)

In formal Indonesian, no. It should always start a new sentence. In casual speech, people might do it, but it's better to use tetapi for that.
They are almost identical in meaning. Akan tetapi is slightly more formal and emphatic than Namun.
Yes, but it must be surrounded by commas: 'Dia, namun, tetap pergi.' This is very formal and less common than starting the sentence with it.
It's not 'wrong' in creative writing or informal blogs, but in academic or professional Indonesian, it should be replaced by 'Namun' or 'Akan tetapi'.
It is better to use 'oleh karena itu' for formal writing.
Always after the marker at the start of the sentence.
فصل قبلی
Advanced Passive and Agentivity
فصل بعدی
Honorifics and Social Levels
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