A1 Verb Basics 1 min read آسان

Polite Present & Future: The ます (masu) Form

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

The -masu form turns casual verbs into polite, standard Japanese suitable for any social situation.

  • Group 1: Change the final 'u' sound to 'i' + masu. (e.g., {書く|かく} → {書きます|かきます})
  • Group 2: Drop the final 'ru' and add 'masu'. (e.g., {食べる|たべる} → {食べます|たべます})
  • Group 3: Irregular verbs {する|する} and {来る|くる} become {します|します} and {来ます|きます}.
Verb Stem + ます (masu)

مرور کلی

The ます (masu) form is the polite present/future tense of Japanese verbs and is the first verb form most learners encounter. It is used in everyday polite conversation — with strangers, coworkers, teachers, and anyone you are not extremely close to. The masu form expresses both present habitual actions (I eat, I study) and future actions (I will eat, I will study) — Japanese does not distinguish between these.
Context tells the listener which is meant. To form the masu-stem, you need to know the verb group. Group 1 (godan/u-verbs): change the final -u sound to the -i sound, then add ます.
For example, 書く (kaku, to write) → 書きます (kakimasu). Group 2 (ichidan/ru-verbs): drop the final る and add ます. For example, 食べる (taberu, to eat) → 食べます (tabemasu).
Group 3 (irregular): する → します, 来る (kuru) → 来ます (kimasu). The masu form is your default polite verb ending. When in doubt about formality, use masu form.
It is safe in almost every social situation except very casual conversations with close friends (where plain form is preferred). Textbooks typically teach masu form first because it is the most universally appropriate form.

Meanings

The -masu form is the standard polite way to express present or future actions in Japanese.

1

Present Habitual

Actions done regularly.

“{毎日|まいにち} {水|みず}を {飲み|のみ}ます。”

“{電車|でんしゃ}で {行き|いき}ます。”

2

Future Intent

Actions planned for the future.

“{明日|あした} {映画|えいが}を {見|み}ます。”

“{来週|らいしゅう} {旅行|りょこう}します。”

3

Polite Request/Offer

Used in polite inquiries.

“{何|なに}を {食べ|たべ}ますか？”

“{どこ|どこ}へ {行き|いき}ますか？”

Masu-Form Conjugation

Verb Type Dictionary Stem Masu-Form
Group 1 書く 書き 書きます
Group 1 行く 行き 行きます
Group 2 食べる 食べ 食べます
Group 2 見る 見 見ます
Group 3 する し します
Group 3 来る 来 来ます

Reference Table

Reference table for Polite Present & Future: The ます (masu) Form
Form Structure Example
Affirmative Stem + ます 行きます
Negative Stem + ません 行きません
Question Stem + ますか 行きますか？
Negative Question Stem + ませんか 行きませんか？
Past Affirmative Stem + ました 行きました
Past Negative Stem + ませんでした 行きませんでした

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
食べます。

食べます。 (Daily meal)

خنثی
食べます。

食べます。 (Daily meal)

غیر رسمی
食べる。

食べる。 (Daily meal)

عامیانه
食う。

食う。 (Daily meal)

Verb Grouping

Verb Groups

Group 1

  • 書く to write

Group 2

  • 食べる to eat

Group 3

  • する to do
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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

{水|みず}を {飲み|のみ}ます。

I drink water.

2

{本|ほん}を {読み|よみ}ます。

I read a book.

3

{学校|がっこう}へ {行き|いき}ます。

I go to school.

4

{日本語|にほんご}を {勉強|べんきょう}します。

I study Japanese.

1

{明日|あした} {映画|えいが}を {見|み}ますか？

Will you watch a movie tomorrow?

2

{肉|にく}を {食べ|たべ}ません。

I do not eat meat.

3

{何|なに}を {買い|かい}ますか？

What will you buy?

4

{家|いえ}で {休み|やすみ}ます。

I will rest at home.

1

{来週|らいしゅう}の {会議|かいぎ}に {出席|しゅっせき}します。

I will attend next week's meeting.

2

{駅|えき}で {友達|ともだち}を {待ち|まち}ます。

I will wait for my friend at the station.

3

{忙しい|いそがしい}ので、{手伝い|てつだい}ません。

I am busy, so I will not help.

4

{電車|でんしゃ}が {遅れ|おくれ}ます。

The train will be late.

1

{資料|しりょう}を {確認|かくにん}しますので、{少々|しょうしょう} {お待ち|おまち}ください。

I will check the documents, so please wait a moment.

2

{プロジェクト|ぷろじぇくと}を {完了|かんりょう}させます。

I will complete the project.

3

{意見|いけん}を {述べ|のべ}ます。

I will state my opinion.

4

{詳細|しょうさい}を {説明|せつめい}します。

I will explain the details.

1

{状況|じょうきょう}を {鑑み|かんがみ}て、{判断|はんだん}します。

I will make a judgment considering the situation.

2

{提案|ていあん}を {検討|けんとう}します。

I will consider the proposal.

3

{懸念|けねん}を {表明|ひょうめい}します。

I will express my concerns.

4

{合意|ごうい}に {至り|いたり}ます。

We will reach an agreement.

1

{本件|ほんけん}に {関し|かんし}て、{回答|かいとう}いたします。

Regarding this matter, I will provide an answer.

2

{諸般|しょはん}の {事情|じじょう}により、{中止|ちゅうし}します。

Due to various circumstances, we will cancel it.

3

{見解|けんかい}を {共有|きょうゆう}します。

I will share my perspective.

4

{秩序|ちつじょ}を {維持|いじ}します。

We will maintain order.

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

Polite Present & Future: The ます (masu) Form در مقابل Dictionary Form vs Masu Form

Learners often use dictionary form in formal settings.

Polite Present & Future: The ます (masu) Form در مقابل Masu vs Desu

Desu is for nouns/adjectives, Masu is for verbs.

Polite Present & Future: The ます (masu) Form در مقابل Masu vs Te-form

Te-form is for connecting, Masu is for ending.

اشتباهات رایج

✗

食べるます

✓

食べます

Do not attach -masu to the dictionary form.
✗

行くます

✓

行きます

Group 1 verbs require changing the 'u' to 'i'.
✗

食べますか。

✓

食べますか？

Questions need a question mark or rising intonation.
✗

するます

✓

します

Irregular verbs have specific stems.
✗

行きますません

✓

行きません

Do not double conjugate.
✗

食べますか？はい、食べます。

✓

はい、食べます。

The 'ka' is only for the question.
✗

明日行きます

✓

明日行きます

Correct, but ensure context is clear.
✗

行こうます

✓

行きます

Confusing volitional with polite.
✗

食べたいます

✓

食べたいです

The -tai form is an adjective.
✗

行きますので、いいです

✓

行きますので、大丈夫です

Register mismatch.
✗

行かれます

✓

行きます

Over-using honorifics.
✗

食べさせます

✓

食べます

Confusing causative with simple polite.
✗

行きますと思う

✓

行くと思います

Polite form placement.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

私は ___ を ___ ます。

明日、___ へ ___ ます。

___ と ___ を ___ ます。

___ なので、___ ます。

Real World Usage

Ordering food constant

コーヒーを飲みます。

Job interview very common

頑張ります。

Texting a teacher common

明日行きます。

Travel very common

切符を買います。

Social media occasional

本を読みます。

Food delivery app common

注文します。

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💡

Listen for -masu

When watching anime or news, listen for the -masu ending. It's everywhere!
⚠️

Don't over-use

Using -masu with your best friend might make you sound like a robot.
🎯

Group 2 is easiest

Group 2 verbs are the easiest to conjugate. Look for 'iru/eru' endings.
💬

Politeness is key

When in doubt, use -masu. It is better to be too polite than rude.

Smart Tips

Check if it's Group 2 (iru/eru) or Group 1 (aru/oru/uru).

食べる -> 食べります → 食べる -> 食べます

Always remember the 'ka' particle.

行きます？ → 行きますか？

Use -masu, but consider honorifics too.

行きます。 → 伺います。

Default to -masu.

行く。 → 行きます。

تلفظ

mass

Masu reduction

The 'u' in 'masu' is often devoiced, sounding like 'mass'.

Question

行きますか↑

Rising pitch at the end indicates a question.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Masu is like a polite bow; you add it to the end of your verb to show respect.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a waiter in a fancy restaurant. Every time they finish a sentence, they bow slightly and say 'masu'.

Rhyme

When you want to be polite, add masu with all your might.

Story

Ken is a new student in Tokyo. He meets his teacher. He wants to say 'I study'. He remembers to use the polite form. He says 'Benkyou shimasu' instead of 'Benkyou suru'. The teacher smiles and nods.

شبکه واژگان

行きます食べますします来ます飲みます見ます

چالش

Write down 5 things you will do tomorrow using the -masu form.

نکات فرهنگی

The -masu form is the backbone of 'polite' speech (teineigo). It is used to maintain social distance.

In Osaka, you might hear 'masu' replaced by 'hen' or different endings, but -masu is still understood.

In business, -masu is the minimum. You must also use humble/honorific forms.

The -masu form evolved from the auxiliary verb 'mairasu', which was a humble way to say 'to give'.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

“

明日、何をしますか？

“

毎日、日本語を勉強しますか？

“

週末はどこへ行きますか？

“

将来、何をしますか？

موضوعات نگارش

Write 5 sentences about your daily routine.
Describe your plans for the weekend.
Explain why you study Japanese.
Discuss your professional goals.
Sign up free to see all tips

Test Yourself

Conjugate the verb to -masu form.

私は本を ___ (読む).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 読みます
Group 1 verb: u -> i + masu.
Which is the correct negative? چند گزینه‌ای

私は肉を ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 食べません
Negative is -masen.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

私は行くます。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 私は行きます。
Correct conjugation for 行く.
Order the words. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 私は水を飲みます
Standard SOV order.
Translate to Japanese. ترجمه

I will study Japanese.

Answer starts with: 日本語...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 日本語を勉強します
Polite affirmative.
What is the stem of 食べる? Conjugation Drill

Stem of 食べる?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 食べ
Drop 'ru' for Group 2.
Match dictionary to masu. جفت کردن

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: します
Irregular verb.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: 明日行きますか？ B: ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: はい、行きます
Polite response.

Score: /8

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Conjugate the verb to -masu form.

私は本を ___ (読む).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 読みます
Group 1 verb: u -> i + masu.
Which is the correct negative? چند گزینه‌ای

私は肉を ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 食べません
Negative is -masen.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

私は行くます。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 私は行きます。
Correct conjugation for 行く.
Order the words. Sentence Reorder

ます / 飲み / 水 / を / 私

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 私は水を飲みます
Standard SOV order.
Translate to Japanese. ترجمه

I will study Japanese.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 日本語を勉強します
Polite affirmative.
What is the stem of 食べる? Conjugation Drill

Stem of 食べる?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 食べ
Drop 'ru' for Group 2.
Match dictionary to masu. جفت کردن

する -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: します
Irregular verb.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: 明日行きますか？ B: ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: はい、行きます
Polite response.

Score: /8

سوالات متداول (8)

No, past tense uses -mashita.

You can, but it sounds distant.

Only the irregular verbs 'suru' and 'kuru'.

Add 'ka' to the end of the -masu form.

Most verbs are Group 1. Guessing Group 1 is safer.

It is polite (teineigo).

No, it stays the same.

The 'u' is often devoiced in speech.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

Usted conjugation

Spanish conjugates for person; Japanese does not.

French moderate

Vouvoiement

French changes pronouns; Japanese changes verb endings.

German moderate

Sie-form

German changes pronouns; Japanese changes verb endings.

Chinese low

Nin (您)

Chinese has no verb conjugation.

Arabic low

Formal register

Arabic is highly inflectional; Japanese is agglutinative.

Japanese high

Desu-masu

None.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Next
Polite Negative: ません (masen) — "I don't..."

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