〜けれど
You can use the Japanese conjunction 「〜けれど」 when you want to connect two clauses. It's similar to saying "although," "but," or "however" in English. This conjunction is considered quite mild and polite.
For example, if you want to say, "It's cold, but I'm going out," you could use 「〜けれど」. It implies a gentle contrast or a slight concession between the two parts of your sentence.
You'll often hear it used in everyday conversations to introduce a soft contradiction or to transition to a related idea. Remember, it’s a versatile and fundamental conjunction for connecting thoughts smoothly.
When used at the end of a sentence, 「〜けれど」 can soften a statement or question, indicating hesitation or setting up a request. For example, 「すみませんけれど、もう一度おねがいします。」 means "Excuse me, but could you please say it one more time?" The 「けれど」 here makes the request more polite and less direct.
It can also be used to connect two clauses where the second clause provides additional information or a mild contrast to the first. For instance, 「このケーキはおいしいけれど、ちょっと甘いです。」 translates to "This cake is delicious, but it's a little sweet." The contrast is not strong, just a slight observation.
When used at the end of a sentence, 「〜けれど」 can soften a statement or question, indicating hesitation, indirectness, or an unspoken continuation.
For example, 「すみません、ちょっとお聞きしたいんですけれど。」 (Excuse me, I have something I'd like to ask you...). Here, it creates a polite, tentative tone.
It can also imply that there's more to be said, or an unstated reason. For instance, 「このケーキ、美味しいんですけれど。」 (This cake is delicious, but...). The 'but' suggests a hidden reservation, like it's too expensive or too sweet.
Understanding this nuanced usage helps in grasping subtle Japanese communication.
〜けれど در ۳۰ ثانیه
- Connects clauses with 'although' or 'but'.
- Softer than 'が (ga)'.
- Can also introduce a new topic or question.
§ What is 〜けれど?
The Japanese conjunction 〜けれど (keredo) is a very common and useful word you'll encounter early in your studies. It means "although," "but," or "however." It's considered a mild conjunction, meaning it connects two clauses without creating a strong sense of opposition or contradiction. Think of it as introducing a slight contrast or an additional piece of information.
- DEFINITION
- Although; but; however (mild conjunction).
§ How to use 〜けれど
You attach 〜けれど to the end of a verb, adjective, or noun phrase. It works similarly to how "but" or "although" works in English, connecting two related ideas. It can be used to soften a statement, introduce a reason, or provide contrasting information.
日本語は難しいですけれど、面白いです。
Hint: Japanese is difficult, but it's interesting.
コーヒーを飲みたいですけれど、時間がないです。
Hint: I want to drink coffee, but I don't have time.
§ 〜けれど vs. other conjunctions
Japanese has several conjunctions that can express a contrast or concession. While 〜けれど is versatile, understanding its nuances compared to alternatives will help you speak more naturally.
- 〜が (ga): This is perhaps the closest in meaning and usage to 〜けれど. Both are mild conjunctions meaning "but" or "although." The main difference is that 〜が can sometimes sound slightly more formal or neutral than 〜けれど. In many everyday situations, they are interchangeable.
このレストランは高いですが、美味しいです。
Hint: This restaurant is expensive, but it's delicious.
- 〜しかし (shikashi): This means "however" or "nevertheless." It introduces a stronger sense of contrast or opposition than 〜けれど. It's often used at the beginning of a new sentence or clause to highlight a significant turn in thought. You wouldn't typically use 〜しかし to simply soften a request or introduce a minor difference. It's more formal and emphatic.
彼は一生懸命勉強しました。しかし、試験に落ちました。
Hint: He studied hard. However, he failed the exam.
- 〜でも (demo): This also means "but" or "however," and can be used to express a stronger contradiction or an unexpected outcome. It often carries a nuance of "even so" or "even if." It can also introduce a more direct objection or counterpoint compared to the milder 〜けれど.
雨が降っています。でも、出かけましょう。
Hint: It's raining. But, let's go out.
- 〜のに (noni): This conjunction means "although," "despite," or "even though." It expresses a sense of surprise, disappointment, or an unexpected result, where the second clause is contrary to what one would expect from the first clause. It carries a stronger emotional tone than 〜けれど.
毎日勉強したのに、試験は難しかったです。
Hint: Even though I studied every day, the test was difficult.
§ When to choose 〜けれど
Use 〜けれど when you want to:
- Introduce a mild contrast or additional information: It's perfect for when the two clauses aren't strongly opposed.
- Soften a request or a statement: It can make your speech sound more polite or less direct. For example, saying 「すみませんけれど、道を教えていただけますか？」 (Excuse me, but could you tell me the way?) is politer than a direct request.
- Connect two related ideas without a strong emotional implication: If you're simply stating facts with a slight difference, 〜けれど is a good choice.
In summary, 〜けれど is a fundamental conjunction for expressing "but" or "although" in a mild and versatile way. While other conjunctions offer stronger contrasts or emotional nuances, 〜けれど provides a neutral and polite option for connecting your thoughts in Japanese.
گرامر لازم
Can be used to connect two clauses where the second clause presents a contrast or a slight reservation to the first clause. It's softer than ですが (desu ga) or しかし (shikashi).
これは高いですけれど、買います。 (Kore wa takai desu keredo, kaimasu.) This is expensive, but I'll buy it.
Often used to politely introduce a request or an opinion, softening the statement.
すみませんけれど、もう一度お願いします。 (Sumimasen keredo, mō ichido onegaishimasu.) Excuse me, but could you please do it one more time?
Can be used to provide background information before making a request or asking a question.
日本語は少し分かりますけれど、これは難しいです。 (Nihongo wa sukoshi wakarimasu keredo, kore wa muzukashii desu.) I understand a little Japanese, but this is difficult.
Used at the end of a sentence to invite a response or to show hesitation, implying '...but what do you think?' or '...but there's more to say.'
このラーメンは美味しいですけれど... (Kono rāmen wa oishii desu keredo...) This ramen is delicious, but...
Connects directly to the plain form of verbs and adjectives (present and past), and to nouns and な-adjectives by adding です/だ before けれど.
彼は学生ですけれど、とても忙しいです。 (Kare wa gakusei desu keredo, totemo isogashii desu.) He is a student, but he is very busy.
مثالها بر اساس سطح
日本語を勉強しているけれど、まだ難しいです。
I'm studying Japanese, but it's still difficult.
Connects to the plain form of verbs and i-adjectives, and to the 'na' form of na-adjectives and nouns.
この本は面白いけれど、少し高いです。
This book is interesting, but a little expensive.
Used to express a mild contrast or reservation.
彼はいつも忙しいけれど、頼むと手伝ってくれます。
He's always busy, but if I ask, he helps me.
Can be used to set up a contrasting statement or introduce a qualification.
昨日、雨が降っていたけれど、散歩に行きました。
Yesterday, it was raining, but I went for a walk.
Indicates a contrast that isn't as strong as 「が」 or 「でも」.
このレストランは美味しいけれど、いつも混んでいます。
This restaurant is delicious, but it's always crowded.
Often used to acknowledge a fact while also presenting a counterpoint.
彼女は学生だけれど、もう仕事を探しています。
She's a student, but she's already looking for a job.
When connecting to nouns or na-adjectives, it takes the form 「だけれど」.
この映画は有名だけれど、私はあまり好きじゃないです。
This movie is famous, but I don't really like it.
Similar to 'although' or 'even though' in English.
彼は日本語を話せるけれど、英語は得意じゃないです。
He can speak Japanese, but he's not good at English.
A versatile conjunction that can be used in many contexts to express a gentle 'but' or 'although'.
そのレストランは美味しいけれど、いつも混んでいる。
That restaurant is delicious, but it's always crowded.
日本語を勉強しているけれど、漢字がなかなか覚えられない。
I'm studying Japanese, but I can't seem to remember kanji.
雨が降っているけれど、傘を持っていない。
It's raining, but I don't have an umbrella.
この本は難しいけれど、とても面白い。
This book is difficult, but very interesting.
彼は真面目な人だけれど、たまに冗談を言う。
He's a serious person, but sometimes he tells jokes.
昨日たくさん寝たけれど、まだ眠い。
I slept a lot yesterday, but I'm still sleepy.
高いけれど、このパソコンが欲しい。
It's expensive, but I want this computer.
仕事は忙しいけれど、充実している。
Work is busy, but it's fulfilling.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
これは高いですけれど、買います。
This is expensive, but I'll buy it.
日本語は難しいですけれど、面白いです。
Japanese is difficult, but it's interesting.
時間がありませんけれど、頑張ります。
I don't have time, but I'll do my best.
雨ですけれど、出かけます。
It's raining, but I'm going out.
おいしいですけれど、お腹がいっぱいです。
It's delicious, but I'm full.
これは小さいですけれど、便利です。
This is small, but it's convenient.
駅は遠いですけれど、歩いて行きます。
The station is far, but I'll walk there.
知っていますけれど、忘れました。
I know it, but I forgot.
わかりませんけれど、教えてください。
I don't understand, but please teach me.
ビールは好きですけれど、今日は飲みません。
I like beer, but I won't drink today.
نکات
Basic use of けれど
〜けれど is a conjunction meaning 'although', 'but', or 'however'. It's used to connect two clauses where the second clause presents a contrast or an additional piece of information that might seem contrary to the first. It's a milder conjunction than ですが (desu ga) or でも (demo).
Placement in a sentence
It's typically placed at the end of the first clause. For example, 勉強しましたけれど、テストは難しかったです。(Benkyō shimashita keredo, tesuto wa muzukashikatta desu.) - 'I studied, but the test was difficult.'
Connecting nouns and adjectives
When connecting with nouns or na-adjectives, you'll need to add です (desu) or だ (da) before けれど. For example, 学生ですけれど、忙しいです。(Gakusei desu keredo, isogashii desu.) - 'I am a student, but I am busy.' For i-adjectives, you attach けれど directly: 美味しいけれど、高いです。(Oishii keredo, takai desu.) - 'It's delicious, but expensive.'
Making a polite request
〜けれど can be used to make a polite request or a soft introduction to a question. In this case, the second clause is often implied. For example, すみません、ちょっと質問があるんですけれど… (Sumimasen, chotto shitsumon ga aru n desu keredo...) - 'Excuse me, I have a question... (but I'm hesitating to ask).'
Difference from が (ga)
〜けれど is often interchangeable with が (ga) in its contrasting meaning. However, けれど can feel slightly more emphatic or can carry a stronger sense of reservation or hesitation, especially in requests.
Don't overuse for strong contrasts
While it means 'but', for very strong or direct contradictions, you might prefer しかし (shikashi) or でも (demo). けれど is best for mild contrasts or adding information.
Use with verbs
You can attach けれど directly to the plain form of verbs. For example, 行きたいけれど、時間がない。(Ikitai keredo, jikan ga nai.) - 'I want to go, but I don't have time.'
Softening your statements
In Japanese communication, directness can sometimes be avoided for politeness. Using けれど allows you to present a contrasting idea or a request in a softer, less confrontational way.
Formal vs. informal
While けれど is quite versatile, in very formal written contexts, other conjunctions like しかし (shikashi) might be more appropriate. けれど is commonly used in both spoken and less formal written Japanese.
Practice with examples
The best way to master けれど is to create your own sentences. Try combining two simple ideas with a mild contrast. For example, 寒いけれど、散歩に行きます。(Samui keredo, sanpo ni ikimasu.) - 'It's cold, but I'm going for a walk.'
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Think of 'keredo' sounding a bit like 'careful, though.' You're being careful to add a contrasting point.
تداعی تصویری
Imagine two distinct ideas or scenes connected by a gentle, wavy bridge. The bridge is '~keredo,' smoothly linking two related but slightly different thoughts.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to say five sentences out loud using '~keredo' to connect two ideas. Start with simple sentences, like 'I want to eat ramen, but I'm full.' (ラーメンを食べたいですけれど、お腹がいっぱいです。)
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
Connecting two clauses where the second clause presents a contrast or a reservation to the first, often in a milder way than 「が」.
- 「このレストランは美味しいけれど、ちょっと高いです。」(This restaurant is delicious, but it's a bit expensive.)
- 「日本語は難しいけれど、面白いです。」(Japanese is difficult, but it's interesting.)
- 「今日は忙しいけれど、手伝いますよ。」(I'm busy today, but I'll help you.)
Introducing a question or a request politely, often after a preceding statement.
- 「すみません、ちょっとお聞きしたいけれど。」(Excuse me, I'd like to ask something, if you don't mind.)
- 「これを借りたいけれど、いいですか。」(I'd like to borrow this, is that okay?)
Softening a statement or making it less direct, often used when expressing an opinion or a concern.
- 「それはいい考えだと思うけれど。」(I think that's a good idea, but... (implies a reservation))
- 「ちょっと心配しているけれど。」(I'm a little worried, though.)
Transitioning to a new topic or idea, acting as a mild conjunction akin to 'by the way' or 'incidentally'.
- 「今日は寒いけれど、明日は暖かいらしいです。」(It's cold today, but apparently it'll be warm tomorrow.)
- 「この本は読みやすいけれど、内容が深いです。」(This book is easy to read, but the content is deep.)
Expressing a mild objection or a gentle disagreement.
- 「そうかもしれないけれど、私は違うと思う。」(That might be true, but I think differently.)
- 「それはいいけれど、もう少し考えさせてください。」(That's good, but please let me think about it a bit more.)
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"「日本語を勉強しているけれど、どんな本がおすすめですか。」(I'm studying Japanese, but what kind of books do you recommend?)"
"「週末は忙しいけれど、何か予定はありますか。」(I'm busy on the weekend, but do you have any plans?)"
"「この映画は人気があるけれど、まだ見ていないんです。」(This movie is popular, but I haven't seen it yet.)"
"「料理は好きだけれど、片付けが苦手です。」(I like cooking, but I'm not good at cleaning up.)"
"「東京には行ったことがあるけれど、大阪には行ったことがありません。」(I've been to Tokyo, but I haven't been to Osaka.)"
موضوعات نگارش
「今日あった良いこと、悪いこと、それぞれ一つずつ。それぞれの出来事に『〜けれど』を使って文章を書いてみましょう。」(Write a sentence using '〜けれど' for one good thing and one bad thing that happened today.)
「最近、あなたが挑戦していることについて。『〜けれど』を使って、その難しさや面白さを表現してみましょう。」(Write about something you've been challenging recently. Use '〜けれど' to express its difficulty or interesting aspects.)
「あなたの好きな場所について。『〜けれど』を使って、その場所の魅力と、少しだけ不便な点を書いてみましょう。」(Write about your favorite place. Use '〜けれど' to describe its charm and a slightly inconvenient aspect.)
「将来の夢や目標について。『〜けれど』を使って、その夢を実現するための課題や、それに対するあなたの気持ちを書いてみましょう。」(Write about your future dreams or goals. Use '〜けれど' to describe the challenges in achieving that dream and your feelings about them.)
「誰かに何かを politely request する場面を想像してみましょう。『〜けれど』を使って、そのリクエストを書いてみましょう。」(Imagine a situation where you politely request something from someone. Use '〜けれど' to write that request.)
سوالات متداول
10 سوالYou should use 「〜けれど」 when you want to connect two clauses where the second clause presents a contrast, a concession, or a mild unexpected outcome to the first clause. It's similar to 'although,' 'but,' or 'however' in English. It's a softer way to express a contrast compared to 「〜が」 or 「〜のに」.
Both 「〜けれど」 and 「〜が」 mean 'but' or 'although.' The main difference is that 「〜けれど」 is generally perceived as slightly softer and more conversational. 「〜が」 can sometimes imply a stronger contrast or even a contradiction. For a beginner, either is usually fine, but 「〜けれど」 can be a good default for a milder connection.
Yes, you can! When 「〜けれど」 is used at the end of a sentence, it often implies a hesitation or an unstated continuation. It's like saying '...but (I'm not sure how to say it)' or '...but (there's more to it).' For example, 「それはいいんですけれど…」 (That's good, but...).
「〜けれど」 is generally considered neutral to slightly informal. It's perfectly fine in most everyday conversations. If you're in a very formal setting, you might lean towards more formal expressions, but for daily interactions, it's very common.
No, 「〜けれど」 does not change the conjugation of the verb or adjective before it. It attaches to the plain form (dictionary form, ta-form, negative form, etc.) of verbs and i-adjectives, and to the plain form of na-adjectives (dropping the な) and nouns (adding だ or です). For example: 「食べるけれど」 (I eat, but...), 「高いけれど」 (It's expensive, but...).
You'll often hear it in phrases like:
• 「すみませんけれど」 (Excuse me, but...)
• 「〜けれど、いいですか？」 (It's X, but is it okay?)
• 「〜けれど、大丈夫ですか？」 (It's X, but are you alright/is it alright?)
These are useful for making polite requests or softening a statement.
While its primary use is for contrast or concession, 「〜けれど」 can also sometimes be used to introduce a new topic or soften a statement without a strong opposing idea. Think of it like saying 'and now, about this...' or 'well, anyway...' It makes your speech sound a bit more natural and less abrupt.
Both express contrast, but 「〜のに」 implies a stronger sense of surprise, dissatisfaction, or something unexpected. It often carries a nuance of 'even though... (unexpected outcome).' 「〜けれど」 is a much milder and more neutral connection. For example, 「雨が降っているのに、彼は外で遊んでいる。」 (Even though it's raining, he's playing outside.) versus 「雨が降っているけれど、彼は外で遊んでいる。」 (It's raining, but he's playing outside.) The 'のに' sentence expresses more surprise.
Yes! Besides 「〜が」 and 「〜のに」, you might encounter 「〜ても」 (even if/though) which adds a stronger conditional nuance, and more formal options like 「しかし」 or 「だが」 (however, but). For beginners, focusing on 「〜けれど」 and 「〜が」 is a good start.
Sure! Here's a common one:
• 日本食は好きだけれど、辛いものは苦手です。
(I like Japanese food, but I'm not good with spicy things.)
Here, 好き (suki - like) is an adjective, and 辛いもの (karai mono - spicy things) is the contrasting idea.
خودت رو بسنج 18 سوال
Choose the best English translation for 'さむいけれど、がんばります。'
〜けれど connects two clauses with a mild 'but' or 'although' meaning.
Which sentence correctly uses 〜けれど?
〜けれど connects directly to the end of the first clause, often without a comma in informal writing, but a comma is acceptable for clarity.
Fill in the blank: 'このケーキは___、おいしいです。' (This cake is small, but delicious.)
The context implies a contrast ('small, but delicious'), making 〜けれど the appropriate conjunction.
'あついけれど、エアコンはありません。' means 'It's hot, but there's no air conditioner.'
〜けれど acts as a 'but' or 'although' here, correctly conveying the contrasting idea.
You can use 〜けれど to introduce a reason for something.
〜けれど is used for contrast or a mild concession, not to state a reason. For reasons, you would typically use から or ので.
'まいにちれんしゅうしますけれど、じょうずになりません。' means 'I practice every day, so I won't become good.'
The sentence means 'I practice every day, but I don't become good.' 〜けれど indicates contrast, not a result.
このレストランの料理はおいしい___、少し高いです。
「けれど」は「〜けれども」の短縮形で、「〜だが」「〜のに」という意味を表します。前後の文を逆接の関係でつなぎます。
日本語は難しい___、とても面白いです。
「難しい」という否定的な内容と「面白い」という肯定的な内容を逆接でつなぐため「けれど」が適切です。
この本は読んだ___、内容はあまり覚えていません。
「読んだ」という行為と「覚えていない」という結果の間に逆接の関係があるため「けれど」が適切です。
彼はいつも忙しい___、手伝ってくれます。
「いつも忙しい」という状況と「手伝ってくれる」という行動が逆接の関係にあるため「けれど」が適切です。
昨日は雨が降っていた___、出かけました。
「雨が降っていた」という事実と「出かけた」という行動が逆接の関係にあるため「けれど」が適切です。
彼女は英語が話せる___、あまり使いたがりません。
「英語が話せる」という能力と「使いたがらない」という態度が逆接の関係にあるため「けれど」が適切です。
We went for a picnic even though it was raining that day.
Even though she's busy, she always keeps smiling.
This book is difficult, but very interesting.
این را بلند بخوانید:
日本語は難しいけれども、毎日勉強しています。
تمرکز: けれども (keredomo)
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
این را بلند بخوانید:
彼はよく冗談を言うけれども、根は真面目な人です。
تمرکز: 言うけれども (iu keredomo)
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
این را بلند بخوانید:
このパソコンは古いけれども、まだ十分使えます。
تمرکز: 古いけれども (furui keredomo)
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
/ 18 درست
نمره کامل!
Summary
Use 〜けれど to show a mild contrast between two ideas or to smoothly transition to a new thought.
- Connects clauses with 'although' or 'but'.
- Softer than 'が (ga)'.
- Can also introduce a new topic or question.
Basic use of けれど
〜けれど is a conjunction meaning 'although', 'but', or 'however'. It's used to connect two clauses where the second clause presents a contrast or an additional piece of information that might seem contrary to the first. It's a milder conjunction than ですが (desu ga) or でも (demo).
Placement in a sentence
It's typically placed at the end of the first clause. For example, 勉強しましたけれど、テストは難しかったです。(Benkyō shimashita keredo, tesuto wa muzukashikatta desu.) - 'I studied, but the test was difficult.'
Connecting nouns and adjectives
When connecting with nouns or na-adjectives, you'll need to add です (desu) or だ (da) before けれど. For example, 学生ですけれど、忙しいです。(Gakusei desu keredo, isogashii desu.) - 'I am a student, but I am busy.' For i-adjectives, you attach けれど directly: 美味しいけれど、高いです。(Oishii keredo, takai desu.) - 'It's delicious, but expensive.'
Making a polite request
〜けれど can be used to make a polite request or a soft introduction to a question. In this case, the second clause is often implied. For example, すみません、ちょっと質問があるんですけれど… (Sumimasen, chotto shitsumon ga aru n desu keredo...) - 'Excuse me, I have a question... (but I'm hesitating to ask).'
مثال
このケーキは高いけれど、とても美味しいです。
محتوای مرتبط
این کلمه در زبانهای دیگر
واژههای بیشتر communication
について
A2about; concerning
宛先
B1The address or name of the recipient to whom mail or an email is sent.
番地
A2House number
賛同
B1Approval, endorsement; support or agreement with an idea.
~も
A2Too, also.
〜そして
A1And then; and (used to connect sentences or clauses).
〜や
A2And; and so forth (used to list examples, implying others exist).
たり
A2Indicates a non-exhaustive list of actions/states ('and so on').
お知らせ
B1Notice; an announcement or communication.
答え
A2A thing said, written, or done as a reaction to a question or statement.
