階段 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- Kaidan (階段) means stairs or staircase, used for vertical movement in buildings or outdoors.
- It is composed of kanji for 'floor/rank' and 'step/grade,' highlighting its structural purpose.
- Commonly paired with the verbs 'noboru' (go up) and 'oriru' (go down) using the particle 'wo'.
- Essential for daily navigation in Japan, from train stations to traditional shrines and temples.
The Japanese word 階段 (かいだん - kaidan) is a fundamental noun that every learner of Japanese encounters early in their journey. At its most basic level, it refers to a physical staircase or a set of steps designed to facilitate movement between different elevations. Whether you are navigating a bustling Tokyo subway station, exploring a multi-story department store in Ginza, or visiting a traditional Japanese home, the 階段 is an omnipresent architectural feature. The word is composed of two kanji characters: 階 (kai), which signifies a story, floor, or rank, and 段 (dan), which represents a step, grade, or level. Together, they literally describe 'floor steps,' providing a clear mental image of the structure's purpose. In daily life, this word is used constantly. When you are looking for the exit in a building, you might ask for the 階段. When you are describing your morning exercise routine, you might mention climbing the 階段. It is a neutral, versatile term that fits into almost any context where vertical movement via steps is discussed.
- Physical Structure
- Refers to the actual wood, concrete, or stone steps. It can be indoor (inside a house) or outdoor (leading up a hill to a shrine).
- Directional Usage
- Used when giving directions, such as 'Go up the stairs' (階段を上る) or 'The stairs are over there' (階段はあちらです).
駅の階段はとても長いです。(The station stairs are very long.)
Beyond the physical, 階段 can also be used metaphorically in more advanced Japanese, such as 'the stairs to adulthood' (大人の階段) or 'the steps of progress.' However, for a beginner at the A1 level, the focus remains firmly on the tangible stairs you see every day. It is important to distinguish 階段 from similar concepts like hashigo (ladder) or elevator. A ladder is temporary and steep, while a 階段 is a permanent part of the building's infrastructure. In Japanese culture, stairs also hold a certain aesthetic and spiritual significance; think of the long stone stairways leading up to Shinto shrines, which symbolize the transition from the mundane world to the sacred realm. Understanding 階段 is not just about learning a word for an object; it is about understanding how Japanese people navigate their vertical urban and natural environments.
急いで階段を下りました。(I hurried down the stairs.)
- Metaphorical Use
- Refers to stages or steps in a process, though this is less common than the physical meaning in daily conversation.
この古いアパートには階段しかありません。(This old apartment only has stairs.)
神社の階段で写真を撮りました。(I took a photo on the shrine stairs.)
足が痛いので、階段を使いたくないです。(My legs hurt, so I don't want to use the stairs.)
Using 階段 in a sentence requires an understanding of basic Japanese motion verbs and particles. The most common verbs paired with 階段 are 上る (noboru), meaning to go up or climb, and 下りる (oriru), meaning to go down or descend. When you use these verbs, the particle を (wo) is typically used to indicate the space through which you are moving. For example, '階段を上る' (climb the stairs). If you are simply standing on the stairs, you would use the location particle で (de), as in '階段で待っています' (I am waiting on the stairs). If you are pointing out the location of the stairs, you use the subject particle は (wa) or が (ga), such as '階段はあそこです' (The stairs are over there). Understanding these nuances helps you sound more natural and precise.
- Verb Pairing: Noboru
- Use '上る' (のぼる) for ascending. Note that it is often written as '上る' for stairs and '登る' for mountains, though the pronunciation is the same.
- Verb Pairing: Oriru
- Use '下りる' (おりる) for descending. This is the standard verb for going down levels in a building.
毎日、健康のために階段を上ります。(I climb the stairs every day for my health.)
In more complex sentences, you might describe the qualities of the stairs. Adjectives like semai (narrow), hiroi (wide), kyuu (steep), or nagai (long) are frequently used. For instance, 'この階段はとても急です' (These stairs are very steep). In Japanese urban environments, you will also see signs like '階段につき足元注意' (Watch your step due to stairs). Another common scenario is using stairs as a landmark for meetings: '階段の近くで会いましょう' (Let's meet near the stairs). By mastering these patterns, you can effectively communicate your movements and needs in any multi-level space. Whether you are at a school, a workplace, or a tourist site, knowing how to describe your interaction with the 階段 is essential for daily navigation and safety.
そのビルの階段はとても狭いです。(The stairs in that building are very narrow.)
- Particle Usage: Wo vs De
- 'Wo' indicates the path of movement. 'De' indicates the location where an action (like talking or waiting) occurs.
地下鉄の階段で友達に会いました。(I met a friend on the subway stairs.)
重い荷物を持って階段を下りるのは大変です。(It is hard to go down the stairs carrying heavy luggage.)
非常階段はどこにありますか？(Where is the emergency staircase?)
In Japan, you will hear the word 階段 in a wide variety of daily settings. One of the most common places is the train station. Automated announcements often guide passengers toward the stairs to alleviate congestion or direct them to specific platforms. For example, '階段付近は大変混雑いたします' (The area near the stairs will be very crowded). In large department stores like Isetan or Mitsukoshi, staff may direct you to the stairs if the elevators are busy. You will also hear this word frequently in schools. Students are often reminded not to run on the stairs ('階段で走らないでください'). In residential settings, especially in older apartment buildings known as 'danchi,' the lack of an elevator makes the 階段 a central part of the residents' daily lives and conversations. Even in modern media, such as anime or drama, the school staircase is a classic setting for confessions, secret conversations, or dramatic encounters.
- Public Announcements
- Heard in stations and malls to manage foot traffic and safety. Often paired with 'go-chuui' (caution).
- Workplace and School
- Used in safety drills (避難訓練 - hinan kunren) and general building navigation instructions.
「階段を使って、二階へ行ってください。」("Please use the stairs and go to the second floor.")
Another unique context is the 'Emergency Staircase' (非常階段 - hijou kaidan). During fire drills or in real emergencies, this is the most critical term to know. You will see green illuminated signs pointing toward these exits in every public building. Additionally, the word appears in the titles of famous media, such as the 'Gakko no Kaidan' (School Ghost Stories) franchise, which plays on the homophone for stairs and ghost stories to create a spooky atmosphere. In fitness contexts, 'stair climbing' is discussed as a way to stay fit in Japan's aging society. Doctors might advise elderly patients to use the stairs to maintain leg strength. Thus, from the mundane commute to critical safety instructions and even pop culture, 階段 is a word that permeates the Japanese auditory landscape. Paying attention to how and where it is used will give you deeper insight into the structure of Japanese society and its emphasis on safety and order.
「非常口は階段の突き当たりにあります。」("The emergency exit is at the end of the stairs.")
- Fitness and Health
- Often mentioned in health magazines or by doctors as '階段の上り下り' (going up and down stairs) for exercise.
「階段を駆け上がらないでください。」("Please do not run up the stairs.")
駅のホームから階段までは遠いです。(It's a long way from the station platform to the stairs.)
「次の角を曲がると、大きな階段が見えます。」("If you turn the next corner, you will see a large staircase.")
While 階段 seems like a straightforward word, English speakers often make several common mistakes when using it in Japanese. The most frequent error involves particle usage. Many learners naturally want to use the particle ni (to) when saying 'go up the stairs,' but as mentioned before, the particle wo is preferred for the space of movement. Saying '階段に上る' isn't necessarily wrong, but it sounds more like you are climbing *onto* the stairs as a destination rather than using them to go somewhere. Another common mistake is confusing 階段 with hashigo (ladder). In English, we might sometimes use 'steps' for both, but in Japanese, a ladder is strictly a portable climbing tool, while 階段 is a permanent structure. Using the wrong word can lead to confusion in construction or emergency contexts.
- Particle Confusion
- Mistaking 'wo' for 'ni' or 'de'. Remember: 'wo' for the path, 'de' for the location of an action.
- Vocabulary Mix-up
- Confusing 階段 (stairs) with エスカレーター (escalator) or エレベーター (elevator). Make sure you are describing the right mode of transport!
階段に上る → 階段を上る (Correct usage for 'climbing the stairs')
Another mistake relates to the kanji itself. The first character 階 is also used as a counter for floors (e.g., 一階 - ikkai, 二階 - nikai). Learners sometimes confuse the counter usage with the noun 階段. For example, saying '階段に行きます' when you mean 'I am going to the (next) floor' can be ambiguous. Furthermore, the verb choice is crucial. For descending, always use oriru. Using sagaru (to lower/go down) is generally incorrect for people using stairs; sagaru is for things moving down or for stepping back. Lastly, be aware of the 'kaidan' (ghost story) homophone. While the pitch accent is different, in a sentence like 'Kaidan ga suki desu,' without context, someone might think you have a strange passion for staircases instead of spooky tales! Always provide context to ensure your meaning is clear.
階段を下がる → 階段を下りる (Correct usage for 'descending the stairs')
- Pitch Accent Issues
- 'Kaidan' (stairs) has a different pitch than 'Kaidan' (ghost story). In the former, the 'ka' is low and 'idan' is high. In the latter, the 'ka' is high.
階段で二階へ行きます → 階段で二階に上がります (More natural way to say 'Go up to the second floor via stairs')
「階段」と「梯子」を間違えないようにしましょう。(Let's not confuse 'stairs' and 'ladder'.)
「階段を三段飛ばしで上る」 (Climbing stairs three steps at a time - a common phrase for hurrying.)
While 階段 is the most common word for stairs, several related terms describe specific types of steps or alternative ways to change levels. Understanding these can add precision to your Japanese. For example, 段差 (dansa) refers to a small step or a difference in level, such as the lip of a doorway or an uneven sidewalk. This is often used in accessibility contexts (e.g., '段差に注意' - Watch out for the step). Another term is ステップ (suteppu), a loanword from English, which is often used for the individual steps of a staircase or for metaphorical 'steps' in a plan. For very steep, ladder-like stairs, you might use 梯子 (hashigo). In traditional Japanese architecture, you might encounter 箱階段 (hako-kaidan), which are 'chest stairs'—staircases built into storage cabinets to save space in narrow houses.
- 階段 vs. 段差
- 階段 is a full staircase. 段差 is a single, often small or unexpected, difference in floor height.
- 階段 vs. スロープ
- 階段 has steps. スロープ (slope) is a flat, inclined surface for wheelchairs or strollers.
玄関の段差で転びそうになりました。(I almost tripped on the step in the entryway.)
In a commercial or modern setting, you will frequently choose between the 階段, the エレベーター (erebeetaa), and the エスカレーター (esukareetaa). While they all serve the same purpose of vertical transport, the choice of word reflects the physical reality of the building. For outdoor settings, like a path up a mountain that has been carved into steps, you might use the term 石段 (ishidan), specifically meaning 'stone steps.' This is a very common sight at historical sites and temples. In literary or formal contexts, the word 階 (kizahashi) might appear, which is an archaic term for stairs. Finally, there is the 非常階段 (hijou kaidan), or emergency stairs, which is a vital term for safety. By knowing these alternatives, you can better navigate both physical spaces and linguistic nuances in Japan.
このお寺には長い石段があります。(This temple has long stone steps.)
- 階段 vs. 梯子
- 階段 is built-in and walkable. 梯子 (ladder) is often portable and requires the use of hands to climb.
車椅子の方は、階段ではなくスロープをご利用ください。(Wheelchair users, please use the slope instead of the stairs.)
二階へは、あちらのエスカレーターが便利です。(The escalator over there is convenient for going to the second floor.)
屋根に上るために梯子を使いました。(I used a ladder to climb onto the roof.)
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
The character '階' contains the 'hill' radical on the left, which historically signified man-made earthworks or steps built into a slope. The right side '皆' suggests 'all' or 'together,' perhaps implying a collective set of steps.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing it as 'kay-dan' like the English name. Ensure the 'i' is a distinct sound.
- Making it too short like 'kadan'. The 'i' must be present.
- Incorrect pitch accent, making it sound like 'ghost story' (KA-i-da-n, where KA is high).
- Treating 'n' as a light English 'n' instead of a full Japanese mora.
- Confusing the vowels with 'ko-i-da-n'.
سطح دشواری
The kanji are common but have many strokes. 階 is N3 level kanji, while 段 is N3, but the word itself is A1.
Writing 階段 from memory requires practice due to the complexity of 階.
Pronunciation is simple, though pitch accent needs attention.
Very distinct sound and frequently heard in public announcements.
بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟
پیشنیازها
بعداً یاد بگیرید
پیشرفته
گرامر لازم
Particle 'WO' with motion verbs
階段を上る (Climb the stairs)
Particle 'DE' for location of action
階段で待つ (Wait on the stairs)
Counters for steps (DAN)
階段を三段飛ばす (Skip three steps)
Relative clauses with nouns
昨日上った階段 (The stairs I climbed yesterday)
Te-form for sequences
階段を下りて、外に出ます (Go down the stairs and go outside)
مثالها بر اساس سطح
階段はどこですか？
Where is the stairs?
Basic 'Noun wa doko desu ka?' pattern.
階段を使います。
I use the stairs.
Direct object 'wo' with the verb 'tsukaimasu'.
あそこに階段があります。
There is a staircase over there.
Existence pattern 'Noun ga arimasu'.
この階段はきれいです。
These stairs are clean.
Adjective 'kirei' describing the noun 'kaidan'.
階段で二階へ行きます。
I go to the second floor by stairs.
Particle 'de' indicating means/method.
駅に階段があります。
There are stairs in the station.
Location particle 'ni' with 'arimasu'.
階段を上りましょう。
Let's climb the stairs.
Volitional form 'mashou' with 'noboru'.
階段はあちらです。
The stairs are that way.
Directional word 'achira' (polite).
階段を上ってください。
Please go up the stairs.
'Te-form' + 'kudasai' for a polite request.
急な階段なので、気をつけてください。
It's a steep staircase, so please be careful.
Adjective 'kyuu-na' (steep) and the conjunction 'node' (so/because).
階段を下りて、右に曲がります。
Go down the stairs and turn right.
Connecting actions with the 'te-form' of 'oriru'.
非常階段は建物の外にあります。
The emergency staircase is outside the building.
Compound noun 'hijou-kaidan'.
階段で友達を待ちました。
I waited for my friend on the stairs.
Particle 'de' indicating the location of an action.
このアパートには階段しかありません。
This apartment only has stairs.
'Shika' + negative verb meaning 'only'.
階段を十段上りました。
I climbed ten steps of the stairs.
Using 'dan' as a counter for steps.
階段の掃除をします。
I will clean the stairs.
Noun + 'no' + Noun structure.
エレベーターが故障しているので、階段を使いましょう。
The elevator is out of order, so let's use the stairs.
Explaining a reason with 'node'.
階段で転んで、足を怪我しました。
I fell on the stairs and hurt my leg.
Describing a sequence of events leading to a result.
毎日階段を使うのは、いい運動になります。
Using the stairs every day is good exercise.
Nominalizing a verb phrase with 'no wa'.
階段の途中で、鍵を落としたことに気づきました。
Halfway up the stairs, I realized I had dropped my keys.
'Tochuu de' (on the way/halfway).
駅の階段は、朝とても混雑します。
The station stairs get very crowded in the morning.
Describing a state with the verb 'konzatsu suru'.
この階段を上りきると、素晴らしい景色が見えます。
Once you finish climbing these stairs, you can see a wonderful view.
Verb stem + 'kiru' (to finish completely).
重い荷物を持って階段を上るのは大変です。
It is hard to climb the stairs while carrying heavy luggage.
'Te-form' of 'motsu' indicating a state while doing another action.
階段の手すりにつかまってください。
Please hold onto the handrail of the stairs.
'Tsukamaru' (to hold onto) with the particle 'ni'.
彼は一歩ずつ成功への階段を上っています。
He is climbing the stairs to success one step at a time.
Metaphorical use of 'kaidan' and 'ippo zutsu'.
この古いお寺の石段は、歴史の重みを感じさせます。
The stone steps of this old temple make you feel the weight of history.
Causative form 'kanjisaseru' (to make someone feel).
バリアフリー化が進み、階段の横にスロープが設置されました。
As barrier-free access progresses, a slope was installed next to the stairs.
Passive verb 'setchi sareta' and 'barrier-free' terminology.
階段を駆け下りる音が響いてきました。
The sound of someone running down the stairs echoed.
Compound verb 'kakedoniru' (run down) and 'hibiku' (echo).
このビルは、階段の設計が非常にユニークです。
The design of the stairs in this building is very unique.
Noun 'sekkei' (design) modifying 'kaidan'.
階段を上るのが辛いなら、無理をしないでください。
If climbing the stairs is painful, please don't push yourself.
Conditional 'nara' and 'muri wo shinai' (don't overdo it).
非常階段の扉は、中からしか開きません。
The emergency staircase door only opens from the inside.
'Kara shika' (only from) with a negative verb.
階段の踊り場で、少し休憩しましょう。
Let's take a short break on the stair landing.
Specific noun 'odoriba' (stair landing).
江戸時代の商家には、収納を兼ねた「箱階段」が見られます。
In merchant houses of the Edo period, 'hako-kaidan' (staircase chests) that also served as storage can be seen.
Relative clause 'shuunou wo kaneta' (serving also as storage).
この階段は、建築家のこだわりが随所に感じられる名作です。
This staircase is a masterpiece where the architect's meticulousness can be felt everywhere.
Advanced vocabulary like 'kodawari' and 'zuisho ni'.
階段を一段飛ばしで上る癖は、幼い頃からのものです。
The habit of skipping steps while climbing stairs is something from my childhood.
Compound phrase 'ichidan tobashi' (skipping one step).
都会の喧騒から離れ、静かな神社の石段に腰を下ろした。
Away from the hustle and bustle of the city, I sat down on the stone steps of a quiet shrine.
Literary style using 'koshi wo oroshita' (sat down).
階段の勾配が急すぎて、高齢者には不向きな構造だ。
The gradient of the stairs is too steep; the structure is unsuitable for the elderly.
Technical term 'koubai' (gradient) and 'fumuki' (unsuitable).
作品の中で、階段はしばしば登場人物の心理的葛藤を象徴している。
In the work, stairs often symbolize the characters' psychological conflict.
Formal academic phrasing 'shinriteki kattou' (psychological conflict).
階段のすべり止めが摩耗しており、修繕が必要です。
The anti-slip strips on the stairs are worn out and need repair.
Technical terms 'suberidome' (anti-slip) and 'mamou' (wear and tear).
螺旋階段を下りる際、目が回ってしまった。
While going down the spiral staircase, I got dizzy.
Noun 'rasen-kaidan' (spiral stairs) and 'sai' (at the time of).
階段という空間は、単なる通路を超え、都市の立体的な交流の場として機能している。
The space known as a staircase transcends a mere passage and functions as a site for three-dimensional urban interaction.
Abstract philosophical phrasing 'rittai-teki na kouryuu no ba'.
古典文学における「階（きざはし）」の描写は、身分の差を暗示する装置でもあった。
The depiction of 'kizahashi' (stairs) in classical literature also served as a device to imply differences in social status.
Reference to archaic terms and literary analysis.
階段の踏み面の素材選び一つにしても、その建物の格調が如実に現れる。
Even in the choice of material for the stair treads, the building's dignity is clearly manifested.
Advanced structure 'hitotsu ni shitemo' and 'nyojitsu ni' (vividly).
螺旋の階段が織りなす幾何学的な美しさは、見る者を魅了してやまない。
The geometric beauty woven by the spiral staircase never ceases to fascinate the viewer.
Literary expression 'miru mono wo miryou shite yamanai'.
階段を一段飛ばしで駆け上がる少年の姿に、過ぎ去りし日の自分を投影した。
In the figure of the boy running up the stairs skipping steps, I projected my own past self.
Complex psychological verb 'touyei suru' (to project).
都市計画において、階段の配置は歩行者の動線を左右する極めて重要な要素である。
In urban planning, the placement of stairs is an extremely important factor that determines pedestrian flow.
Technical jargon 'dousen' (flow of movement).
階段の踊り場が持つ、時間と空間の「余白」としての意味を考察する。
We will consider the meaning of the stair landing as a 'blank space' in time and space.
Philosophical inquiry using 'yohaku' (blank space/margin).
非常階段の冷たい手すりに触れたとき、生への執着が不意に湧き上がった。
When I touched the cold handrail of the emergency stairs, a sudden attachment to life welled up within me.
Evocative literary phrasing 'sei e no shuuchaku'.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— A common sign meaning 'Watch your step due to stairs.' It is found in public places to prevent falls.
駅の階段に「足元注意」のステッカーが貼ってある。
— A metaphorical phrase meaning 'to grow up' or 'to enter adulthood.' It is often used in songs and literature.
彼は二十歳になり、大人の階段を上り始めた。
— Skipping three steps at a time when climbing. It implies great haste or energy.
彼は急いでいたので、階段を三段飛ばしで上った。
— A directional phrase meaning 'The emergency staircase is this way.' Critical for safety instructions.
火災報知器が鳴ったら、非常階段はこちらの誘導に従ってください。
— The act of going up and down stairs. Often used in the context of exercise or daily movement.
階段の上り下りは、足の筋肉を鍛えるのに良い。
— Meaning 'halfway' or 'in the middle of the stairs.' Used to describe where something happened.
階段の途中で息が切れてしまった。
— The very end of the stairs, usually where they lead to a hallway or room.
トイレは階段の突き当たりを右です。
— Going one step at a time. It implies being careful or methodical.
おじいさんは階段を一段ずつゆっくり下りた。
— The steepness or gradient of the stairs. A more technical term.
この階段の勾配は、建築基準法に合っている。
— The width of the stairs. Important for determining if two people can pass each other.
階段の幅が狭いので、一人ずつ通ってください。
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
A ladder. It is portable, whereas 階段 is a permanent part of a building.
A small step or unevenness in the floor, not a full flight of stairs.
A ghost story. It sounds the same but has different kanji and a different pitch accent.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— The steps or path one must take to achieve success. Similar to the 'ladder of success' in English.
彼は着実に成功への階段を上り続けている。
Metaphorical— Describing a process that is steady and gradual, step by step.
病状は階段を上るように、少しずつ良くなっている。
Descriptive— Though a homophone, it refers to telling ghost stories. Often associated with 'kaidan' (stairs) in puns.
夏の夜に階段で怪談話をするのは怖い。
Informal— Doing things in a rush or skipping intermediate steps in a process.
基本を飛ばして一段飛ばしで進むと、後で困るよ。
Colloquial— Stairway to heaven. Used in religious or pop culture contexts.
その美しい景色は、まるで天国への階段のようだった。
Poetic— Taking a break in the middle of a long process, using the 'landing' of stairs as a metaphor.
人生の踊り場で、一度立ち止まって考えることも必要だ。
Metaphorical— The mystery of the stairs. Often used in school urban legends (e.g., the 13th step).
夜の学校には階段の怪という噂がある。
Folklore— To improve one's skill or status to the next level.
この練習で、彼の技術は一段上がった。
Neutral— To fall down stairs rapidly. Metaphorically, to experience a sudden and disastrous decline in status.
スキャンダルによって、彼は人生の階段を転げ落ちた。
Dramatic— To do something without support or help. A less common metaphorical usage.
彼は誰の助けも借りず、手すりなしでここまで来た。
Metaphoricalبهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Both are used to change floors.
Kaidan is stationary and requires walking; esukareetaa is a motorized, moving staircase.
階段が大変なら、エスカレーターを使いましょう。
Both provide access to different levels.
Kaidan has steps; surōpu is a smooth, inclined ramp for wheels or easier walking.
ベビーカーなので、階段ではなくスロープを使います。
Both are used for climbing.
Hashigo is usually a simple tool with rungs, often vertical or very steep, and can be moved.
二段ベッドに上るには、はしごを使います。
Both refer to steps.
Dan is the counter or the individual step; Kaidan is the entire structure.
この階段は三十段あります。
Both involve levels of a building.
Kai is the counter for floors (1st floor, 2nd floor); Kaidan is the stairs that connect them.
二階へ行くために階段を使います。
الگوهای جملهسازی
[Noun] は [Location] です。
階段はあそこです。
[Noun] を [Verb]ます。
階段を上ります。
[Adjective] [Noun] です。
これは急な階段です。
[Verb-te] ください。
階段を下りてください。
[Verb] ほうがいいです。
階段を使ったほうがいいです。
[Noun] の途中で [Action]。
階段の途中で休みました。
[Noun] のように [Verb]。
階段を上るように進みます。
[Noun] を兼ねた [Noun]。
収納を兼ねた階段です。
خانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
صفتها
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
Extremely high in daily life and urban environments.
-
階段に上る (Kaidan ni noboru)
→
階段を上る (Kaidan wo noboru)
Using 'ni' makes it sound like you are climbing ONTO the stairs as a destination. 'Wo' indicates the stairs are the path you are traversing.
-
階段を下がる (Kaidan wo sagaru)
→
階段を下りる (Kaidan wo oriru)
'Sagaru' means for something to drop in level or for a person to step back. 'Oriru' is the specific verb for descending stairs or vehicles.
-
階段を登る (Kaidan wo noboru - mountain kanji)
→
階段を上る (Kaidan wo noboru - standard kanji)
While the pronunciation is the same, the kanji 登る is usually for mountains or difficult climbs. 上る is for stairs and elevators.
-
Confusing 階段 (kaidan) with 梯子 (hashigo)
→
Using 階段 for permanent stairs.
English speakers often use 'steps' for both, but in Japanese, they are distinct. A ladder is always 'hashigo'.
-
Saying 'Kaidan ga suki' for ghost stories.
→
Contextualize or use 'Kaidan-banashi'.
Without context, people might think you just really like staircases. Use 'Kaidan (ghost story) ga suki' with proper pitch or context.
نکات
Particle Choice
Always use 'wo' (を) when you are in the act of climbing or descending the stairs. Use 'de' (で) if you are standing still on them.
Emergency Exit
Memorize 'hijou kaidan' (非常階段). In an emergency, look for the green running man sign which usually points toward these stairs.
Yielding
In Japan, if you are walking slowly, keep to the side. If you are carrying a large bag, be careful not to hit others on narrow stairs.
Kanji Hint
The kanji 階 is also used for counting floors (1F, 2F). Learning the word 階段 helps you remember the kanji for building levels.
Compound Words
Learn 'ishidan' (stone steps) if you plan on visiting temples or shrines; you'll see them everywhere!
Pitch Accent
For stairs, keep the pitch flat after the initial low 'ka'. This prevents confusion with 'ghost story' which starts high.
Daily Exercise
Japanese people often say 'kaidan wo tsukau' (use the stairs) as a way to stay healthy in a sedentary world.
Shrine Steps
When climbing shrine steps, it's polite to stay to the sides, as the middle path is traditionally reserved for the gods.
Stroke Order
Make sure you learn the correct stroke order for the 'hill' radical (阝) in 階; it's only two strokes!
Signs
Look for the word 階段 on floor maps in malls; it's usually represented by a small zigzag icon.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Imagine a 'Kite' (Kai) flying over a 'Dam' (Dan). To get to the kite on top of the dam, you need to climb the STAIRS.
تداعی تصویری
Visualize the kanji 階段. The left side of 階 (阝) looks like a ladder or a hill. The character 段 looks like a person with a tool making steps in a cliff side.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to count the number of stairs you climb today and say the number in Japanese followed by 'dan' (e.g., juudan - 10 steps).
ریشه کلمه
The word '階段' comes from Middle Chinese roots. The character '階' originally referred to the steps leading up to a palace or high building, while '段' referred to a section or a step.
معنای اصلی: A series of steps or levels used to reach a higher story or rank.
Sino-Japanese (Kango).بافت فرهنگی
Be mindful of accessibility. When giving directions, always check if the person can use stairs, as many older buildings in Japan lack elevators.
In English, we often use 'stairs,' 'staircase,' or 'steps' interchangeably. In Japanese, 'kaidan' is the broad term, but 'ishidan' is specifically for stone and 'suteppu' is for small or metaphorical steps.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
At a Train Station
- 階段はどこですか？
- 階段を上ってください。
- 階段付近は混雑しています。
- 階段の横にエレベーターがあります。
At a Shopping Mall
- 階段で三階へ行けます。
- 非常階段を確認してください。
- 階段の踊り場にベンチがあります。
- 階段を使って下りましょう。
At School
- 階段で走らないでください。
- 階段の掃除をしましょう。
- 階段で先生に会いました。
- 三階の階段の近くの教室です。
Giving Directions
- その階段を上ってすぐです。
- 階段を下りたところにあります。
- 長い階段が見えます。
- 石段を上ると神社があります。
Health and Fitness
- 健康のために階段を使います。
- 階段の上り下りは疲れます。
- 階段を上るのが辛いです。
- 毎日、階段を十段上ります。
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"エレベーターと階段、どちらを使いますか？ (Do you use the elevator or the stairs?)"
"このビルの階段はどこにあるか知っていますか？ (Do you know where the stairs in this building are?)"
"毎日、階段をたくさん上りますか？ (Do you climb a lot of stairs every day?)"
"駅の階段はいつも混んでいますね。 (The station stairs are always crowded, aren't they?)"
"あの神社の石段はとても長いと思いませんか？ (Don't you think the stone steps at that shrine are very long?)"
موضوعات نگارش
今日、何回階段を使いましたか？どこで使いましたか？ (How many times did you use the stairs today? Where did you use them?)
階段を上るのと下りるの、どちらが好きですか？理由は？ (Do you prefer going up or down stairs? Why?)
あなたの家や職場に、急な階段はありますか？ (Are there any steep stairs in your home or workplace?)
健康のために、これから階段をもっと使おうと思いますか？ (Do you think you will use the stairs more for your health from now on?)
今まで見た中で、一番美しい階段はどんなものでしたか？ (What was the most beautiful staircase you have ever seen?)
سوالات متداول
10 سوالYes, usually. If you want to refer to just one or two small steps, the word 'dansa' or 'suteppu' is more appropriate. 階段 implies the architectural feature of a staircase.
You use the counter 'dan'. For example, 'ichidan' (one step), 'nidan' (two steps), 'sandan' (three steps), and so on. To count whole flights of stairs, you might just say 'hitotsu' or 'futatsu'.
Yes. For stairs, '上る' (noboru) is the standard kanji. '登る' is typically reserved for climbing mountains or ladders with more effort.
It is the 'landing'—the flat area between two flights of stairs. It literally means 'dancing place,' traditionally because it was wide enough to dance on!
Yes, it is used for both indoor and outdoor steps. For stone steps specifically, 'ishidan' is a common alternative.
It's a coincidence of phonetics. 'Kaidan' (stairs) uses 階段, while 'Kaidan' (ghost story) uses 怪談. They have different origins and pitch accents.
Generally, it is considered unsafe and impolite, especially in crowded stations. You will often see signs saying '階段では走らないで' (Please don't run on the stairs).
It's a traditional Japanese 'staircase chest.' It’s a piece of furniture that functions as both a set of stairs to a loft and a storage cabinet with drawers.
You say 'rasen-kaidan'. 'Rasen' means spiral or helix.
Usually, you follow the arrows on the steps. If there are no arrows, people often keep to the left, but it can vary by station and city.
خودت رو بسنج 180 سوال
Write 'Where are the stairs?' in Japanese.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'Please go up the stairs.' in Japanese.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'I clean the stairs every day.' in Japanese.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'The stairs are steep.' in Japanese.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'I met a friend on the stairs.' in Japanese.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'Please hold the handrail.' in Japanese.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'I climbed the stone steps of the shrine.' in Japanese.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'The elevator was broken, so I used the stairs.' in Japanese.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'There is a spiral staircase in this building.' in Japanese.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'He is climbing the stairs to success.' in Japanese.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'Watch your step on the stairs.' in Japanese.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'I fell down the stairs.' in Japanese.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'The stairs are narrow.' in Japanese.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'I went down the stairs slowly.' in Japanese.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'Where is the emergency staircase?' in Japanese.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'The school stairs are long.' in Japanese.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'I use the stairs for exercise.' in Japanese.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'Let's meet at the stair landing.' in Japanese.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'The baby is climbing the stairs.' in Japanese.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'The stairs are made of wood.' in Japanese.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Say 'I climb the stairs' in Japanese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'The stairs are over there' in Japanese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Ask 'Where is the staircase?' in Japanese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Please use the stairs' in Japanese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Be careful on the stairs' in Japanese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Explain 'I'm waiting near the stairs' in Japanese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'I go down the stairs every day' in Japanese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'The emergency stairs are outside' in Japanese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'I prefer stairs over elevators' in Japanese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'I fell on the stairs yesterday' in Japanese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'This staircase is very long' in Japanese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Let's take a break on the landing' in Japanese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'I met him on the stairs' in Japanese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Don't run on the stairs' in Japanese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'There are many stone steps' in Japanese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'I'm climbing the stairs to success' in Japanese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'The stairs are narrow and dark' in Japanese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'I'll go up the stairs' in Japanese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'The stairs lead to the roof' in Japanese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Clean the stairs, please' in Japanese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Listen and identify the destination: '階段を上って右です。'
Listen and identify the warning: '階段では走らないでください。'
Listen and identify the object: '非常階段の鍵はどこですか？'
Listen and identify the action: '階段でつまずいてしまいました。'
Listen and identify the location: '階段の踊り場で待っています。'
Listen and identify the recommendation: '階段を使ったほうがいいですよ。'
Listen and identify the number: '階段を二十段上りました。'
Listen and identify the state: 'この階段はとても急ですね。'
Listen and identify the sound: '階段を駆け上がる音がします。'
Listen and identify the material: '石段は滑りやすいです。'
Listen and identify the instruction: '手すりを持って下りてください。'
Listen and identify the reason: 'エレベーターが混んでいるので、階段で行きます。'
Listen and identify the metaphor: '大人の階段を上る。'
Listen and identify the place: '階段の突き当たりを左です。'
Listen and identify the problem: '階段の掃除当番を忘れました。'
/ 180 درست
نمره کامل!
Summary
The word 階段 (kaidan) is the standard Japanese term for stairs. It is an A1 level noun that is vital for giving directions, describing movement between floors, and ensuring safety (as in 'emergency stairs'). An example is: '階段を上ります' (I go up the stairs).
- Kaidan (階段) means stairs or staircase, used for vertical movement in buildings or outdoors.
- It is composed of kanji for 'floor/rank' and 'step/grade,' highlighting its structural purpose.
- Commonly paired with the verbs 'noboru' (go up) and 'oriru' (go down) using the particle 'wo'.
- Essential for daily navigation in Japan, from train stations to traditional shrines and temples.
Particle Choice
Always use 'wo' (を) when you are in the act of climbing or descending the stairs. Use 'de' (で) if you are standing still on them.
Emergency Exit
Memorize 'hijou kaidan' (非常階段). In an emergency, look for the green running man sign which usually points toward these stairs.
Yielding
In Japan, if you are walking slowly, keep to the side. If you are carrying a large bag, be careful not to hit others on narrow stairs.
Kanji Hint
The kanji 階 is also used for counting floors (1F, 2F). Learning the word 階段 helps you remember the kanji for building levels.
مثال
2階への階段です。
