監督 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- 監督 (kantoku) means director, coach, or supervisor.
- It is used in movies, sports, and construction contexts.
- It can be a noun or a verb (監督する).
- In Japan, it is often used as a respectful title for a leader.
The Japanese word 監督 (kantoku) is a versatile noun and suru-verb that primarily translates to 'director,' 'coach,' 'manager,' or 'supervisor.' At its core, it describes a person who holds the authority to oversee a project, a team, or a specific set of operations to ensure that everything proceeds according to plan. Whether you are on a movie set, a baseball field, or a construction site, the 監督 is the individual responsible for the final outcome. The term is composed of two kanji: 監 (kan), meaning 'oversee' or 'inspect,' and 督 (toku), meaning 'command' or 'urge.' Together, they create a powerful image of someone who not only watches over a process but also actively commands and pushes it toward completion.
- Film & Media
- In the context of cinema or television, 監督 refers to the director. This person is the creative lead, making decisions on acting, camera angles, and the overall vision of the piece. Famous examples include Akira Kurosawa or Hayao Miyazaki.
- Sports
- In sports, particularly baseball and soccer, 監督 is the head coach or manager. Unlike the English term 'coach' (which can be translated as コーチ), 監督 usually implies the top-level authority who makes strategic decisions for the entire team.
- Workplace & Industry
- On a construction site or in a factory, the 現場監督 (genba kantoku) is the site supervisor. They ensure safety standards are met and the project stays on schedule.
彼は有名な映画の監督です。 (He is a famous movie director.)
野球チームの監督が交代した。 (The baseball team's manager has changed.)
工事の監督は厳しい人だ。 (The construction supervisor is a strict person.)
試験の監督官が教室に入ってきた。 (The exam proctor entered the classroom.)
アニメの監督になりたい。 (I want to become an anime director.)
Furthermore, the word extends into the legal and administrative realms. A 監督官庁 (kantoku kanchō) is a regulatory agency or a government body that oversees specific industries. In the context of labor, a 労働基準監督官 (rōdō kijun kantokukan) is a labor standards inspector. This highlights the word's inherent connection to 'oversight' and 'compliance.' Whether it is the artistic oversight of a film or the legal oversight of a labor union, 監督 remains the central pillar of management and authority.
Using 監督 correctly requires understanding whether you are using it as a noun or a verb. As a noun, it functions like any other person-designating noun. As a verb, it takes the form 監督する (kantoku suru), meaning 'to supervise' or 'to direct.'
1. As a Title
In Japan, titles are often used instead of names. If you are talking to a film director or a sports coach, you would call them '監督' (Kantoku) or '[Surname] 監督'. This is much more common than using 'san'.
2. The Verb Form: 監督する
When you want to describe the action of supervising, use 監督する. For example: 'プロジェクトを監督する' (To supervise a project). This implies an active role in checking progress and giving orders.
3. Specific Compound Words
- 映画監督 (Eiga Kantoku): Film Director.
- 総監督 (Sō-kantoku): Executive Director or General Manager.
- 現場監督 (Genba Kantoku): Site Supervisor (Construction).
- 試験監督 (Shiken Kantoku): Exam Proctor/Invigilator.
It is important to note that 監督 is rarely used for lower-level management in an office. For a manager in a company, terms like 課長 (kachō) or 部長 (buchō) are used. 監督 is reserved for specialized fields like arts, sports, and technical supervision.
You will encounter 監督 in several distinct environments in Japan. Each context carries a slightly different weight but maintains the core meaning of 'authority through oversight.'
1. In the News and Sports Broadcasts
This is perhaps the most common place. During the baseball season, news anchors will constantly discuss the '監督' of the Giants or the Tigers. You'll hear phrases like '監督の采配' (kantoku no saihai), referring to the manager's tactical decisions or 'command of the baton.'
2. Film Credits and Interviews
When watching Japanese movies or anime, the first or last name you see in the credits is often the 監督. In interviews, actors will refer to the director as '監督' to show professional deference. If you follow anime, names like '監督: 新海誠' (Director: Makoto Shinkai) are ubiquitous.
3. Construction and Safety Signage
At any construction site in Tokyo, you might see signs listing the 現場監督. This person is legally responsible for the safety of the site. If there is an accident, the 監督 is the one held accountable.
4. Educational Settings
During the JLPT or university entrance exams, the person walking around the room ensuring no one cheats is the 試験監督. They will give instructions like '筆記用具を置いてください' (Please put down your writing utensils) under their authority as the supervisor.
While 監督 is a common word, learners often confuse it with other leadership titles. Here are the most frequent pitfalls:
1. Confusing with 'Manager' (マネージャー)
In English, a 'manager' can be a sports coach. In Japanese, however, a マネージャー (manējā) in a sports club is often a student assistant who handles chores like water and equipment. The person in charge of the team is the 監督. In business, a manager is a 課長 or 部長, not a 監督.
2. Overusing it for 'Teacher'
Some learners think that because a teacher 'supervises' a class, they can be called 監督. This is incorrect. A teacher is always 先生 (sensei). 監督 is only used if the teacher is acting specifically as a coach for a sports club or an exam proctor.
3. Mixing up with 'Direction' (方向)
In English, 'direction' can mean a path or the act of directing a movie. In Japanese, these are different. 監督 is the person/act of directing people. 方向 (hōkō) is the physical direction (North, South, etc.). You cannot use 監督 to ask for the way to the station.
4. Using it for 'CEO'
A CEO is a 社長 (shachō) or 最高経営責任者 (CEO). While they 'supervise' the company, the word 監督 is too specific to technical or artistic oversight to be used as a general term for a corporate executive.
To truly master 監督, you should understand how it differs from its synonyms and related terms.
1. 指揮 (Shiki) vs. 監督
指揮 means 'command' or 'conduct' (like an orchestra conductor). While a 監督 oversees the whole project, a 指揮者 (shikisha) is more about the immediate, rhythmic coordination of a performance. A film director is a 監督, but an orchestra leader is a 指揮者.
2. 監修 (Kanshū) vs. 監督
監修 refers to 'editorial supervision' or 'expert monitoring.' If a manga is about medicine, a real doctor might provide 監修 to ensure accuracy. The 監督 handles the creative production, while the 監修者 ensures the facts are correct.
3. 演出 (Enshutsu) vs. 監督
This is a tricky one in the arts. 監督 is the overall director. 演出 is 'staging' or 'direction of a specific scene.' In TV drama credits, you might see both. The 監督 has the final say on the whole series, while the 演出家 might direct individual episodes or stage plays.
4. 管理 (Kanri) vs. 監督
管理 means 'management' or 'administration.' It is broader and more bureaucratic. A building manager (kanrijin) looks after the facility. A 監督 looks after the people and the progress of the work within that facility.
چقدر رسمی است؟
سطح دشواری
گرامر لازم
〜によって (By someone - used for directors)
〜として (As a - used for roles like 'as a director')
〜を務める (To serve as/hold a position)
〜に対する (Toward/For - used for 'responsibility toward...')
مثالها بر اساس سطح
彼は映画の監督です。
He is a movie director.
Noun + です (simple identity).
監督はどこですか？
Where is the coach?
Topic marker は + question word どこ.
あの監督は有名です。
That director is famous.
Adjective 有名 (na-adjective).
私は監督になりたいです。
I want to become a director.
Noun + になりたい (want to become).
監督、おはようございます！
Good morning, Coach!
Using the title as a direct address.
新しい監督が来ました。
A new director has come.
Subject marker が + verb in past tense.
監督の話は長いです。
The coach's speech is long.
Possessive particle の.
父は野球の監督です。
My father is a baseball coach.
Simple noun sentence.
先生がテストを監督します。
The teacher will proctor the test.
Object marker を + verb 監督する.
厳しい監督と一緒に練習します。
I practice with a strict coach.
Adjective 厳しい + noun + と一緒に.
彼は工事現場を監督しています。
He is supervising the construction site.
Present continuous form 〜ている.
この映画の監督は誰ですか？
Who is the director of this movie?
Question word 誰 (who).
監督は選手に指示を出しました。
The coach gave instructions to the players.
Indirect object marker に + 指示を出す.
私は有名な監督に会いたいです。
I want to meet a famous director.
Person に会いたい (want to meet).
監督はいつも青い帽子をかぶっています。
The coach always wears a blue hat.
Adverb いつも + continuous state.
試合の後、監督は泣いていました。
After the game, the coach was crying.
Time marker の後 (after).
この作品は、宮崎駿監督によって作られました。
This work was created by Director Hayao Miyazaki.
Passive voice 〜によって作られた.
安全のために、作業を監督する必要があります。
For safety, it is necessary to supervise the work.
Noun + のために (for the sake of).
監督の交代がチームに良い影響を与えた。
The change of manager had a good influence on the team.
Influence/Impact: 〜に影響を与える.
試験監督は、不正行為がないか厳しくチェックしている。
The exam proctor is strictly checking for any cheating.
Embedded question 〜か (whether or not).
彼は若くして映画監督としてデビューした。
He debuted as a film director at a young age.
Role marker 〜として (as).
監督は、次の試合の戦略を練っている。
The coach is working out the strategy for the next game.
Verb 練る (to knead/work out a plan).
プロジェクトが予定通り進むよう、監督してください。
Please supervise so that the project proceeds as scheduled.
〜ように (so that/in order to).
監督の指示に従って、避難してください。
Please evacuate according to the supervisor's instructions.
〜に従って (following/according to).
部下の不祥事により、上司の監督責任が問われている。
The supervisor's responsibility is being questioned due to a subordinate's scandal.
Cause/Reason 〜により + passive voice.
金融庁は銀行の業務を厳格に監督している。
The Financial Services Agency strictly supervises bank operations.
Adverbial form 厳格に.
その監督は、独特の映像美で知られている。
That director is known for their unique visual beauty.
Known for: 〜で知られている.
彼は現場監督としての経験が豊富だ。
He has abundant experience as a site supervisor.
Experience is abundant: 経験が豊富だ.
監督官庁からの是正勧告を受けた。
We received a recommendation for correction from the regulatory agency.
Compound noun 監督官庁.
このアニメは、有名なアニメーターが総監督を務めている。
A famous animator serves as the general director of this anime.
To serve as/hold a post: 〜を務める.
監督の采配ミスが敗因の一つとなった。
The manager's tactical error was one of the reasons for the loss.
Reason for loss: 敗因.
親は子供のインターネット利用を監督すべきだ。
Parents should supervise their children's internet use.
Should: 〜すべきだ.
労働基準監督署が、その企業の長時間労働を調査した。
The Labor Standards Inspection Office investigated the company's long working hours.
Specific government office name.
監督者の主観が評価に影響を及ぼす可能性がある。
There is a possibility that the supervisor's subjectivity could influence the evaluation.
To exert influence: 影響を及ぼす.
この映画は、監督の作家性が強く反映されている。
This film strongly reflects the director's 'auteur' quality (individuality).
Auteur theory: 作家性.
市場の健全性を維持するためには、外部の監督が不可欠だ。
External oversight is essential to maintain market integrity.
Essential: 不可欠だ.
監督権限の濫用は、組織の腐敗を招く。
Abuse of supervisory authority leads to organizational corruption.
Abuse of authority: 権限の濫用.
彼は卓越した監督術で、弱小チームを優勝に導いた。
With his outstanding management skills, he led the weak team to victory.
Skill/Art of supervision: 監督術.
行政の監督が届かない場所で、違法行為が行われていた。
Illegal acts were being carried out in places where administrative oversight did not reach.
Oversight reaching: 監督が届く.
監督の意図を汲み取って、演技を工夫する。
I will devise my acting by grasping the director's intention.
To grasp/understand intention: 意図を汲み取る.
司法監督の枠組みを超えた超法規的措置が検討された。
Extra-legal measures beyond the framework of judicial oversight were considered.
Judicial oversight: 司法監督.
その監督の演出手法は、ヌーヴェルヴァーグの影響を色濃く残している。
The director's staging techniques bear the strong influence of the Nouvelle Vague.
Strongly remaining: 色濃く残している.
自己監督能力の欠如が、現代社会における依存症の一因とされる。
A lack of self-supervisory (self-regulatory) ability is considered a cause of addiction in modern society.
Self-supervision: 自己監督.
ガバナンスの強化には、取締役会による実効性のある監督が求められる。
Strengthening governance requires effective oversight by the board of directors.
Effective: 実効性のある.
監督官の裁量権が、法の執行において重要な役割を果たす。
The inspector's discretionary power plays a crucial role in the enforcement of the law.
Discretionary power: 裁量権.
映画史における彼の功績は、監督という職能を芸術の域にまで高めたことにある。
His achievement in film history lies in elevating the profession of directing to the level of art.
Profession/Function: 職能.
相互監督のシステムを導入することで、不正の抑止を図る。
By introducing a system of mutual supervision, we aim to deter misconduct.
Mutual supervision: 相互監督.
監督の不在が、現場の混乱を招いたことは明白である。
It is evident that the absence of a supervisor caused the chaos on site.
Absence: 不在.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
اصطلاحات و عبارات
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
監督 is the creative lead; 監修 is the factual advisor.
監督 is the overall boss; 演出 is the artistic execution.
الگوهای جملهسازی
نحوه استفاده
Kantoku itself acts as an honorific title.
Rarely used for office managers; use kachō/buchō instead.
Kantoku is the head; Coach is a subordinate instructor.
- Calling a teacher 'Kantoku'.
- Using 監督 for a store manager (use Tenchō instead).
- Thinking 監督 means 'direction' as in 'North'.
- Confusing the sports 'Manager' (assistant) with 'Kantoku' (head coach).
- Using 監督 for an orchestra conductor (use Shikisha).
نکات
Compound Words
Learn 監督 with 'Eiga' (Movie) or 'Yakyū' (Baseball) to remember it faster.
Addressing People
If you meet a director, just say 'Kantoku!' to be polite.
Kanji Breakdown
The 'Kan' in 監督 is the same as in 'Kanshi' (Surveillance).
حفظ کنید
ریشه کلمه
Sino-Japanese (Kango)
بافت فرهنگی
Proctors (Shiken Kantoku) are extremely strict; even a phone vibrating can lead to disqualification.
Directors like Kurosawa were called 'Tenno' (Emperor) because of their absolute authority on set.
Japanese sports managers have much more authority over players' personal lives than in the West.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"好きな映画監督は誰ですか？ (Who is your favorite movie director?)"
"あのチームの監督についてどう思いますか？ (What do you think about that team's coach?)"
"将来、監督になりたいと思ったことはありますか？ (Have you ever thought about becoming a director in the future?)"
"現場監督の仕事は大変そうですね。 (The job of a site supervisor seems tough, doesn't it?)"
"試験監督のアルバイトをしたことがありますか？ (Have you ever done a part-time job as an exam proctor?)"
موضوعات نگارش
もし自分が映画監督だったら、どんな映画を撮りたいですか？ (If you were a film director, what kind of movie would you want to film?)
理想の監督（リーダー）とはどんな人だと思いますか？ (What kind of person do you think an ideal director/leader is?)
最近見た映画の監督の演出について書いてください。 (Write about the direction of the movie you saw recently.)
سوالات متداول
10 سوالGenerally, no. In an office, use 'Kachō' or 'Manager'. 監督 is for sports, arts, or technical sites.
Yes, it is a professional title. Calling someone 'Kantoku' is very respectful.
監督 is broad oversight; 指揮 is immediate command, like an orchestra conductor.
It is 'Jo-kantoku' (助監督).
No, a principal is 'Kōchō-sensei'. 監督 is only for club activities.
No, military leaders have specific ranks like 'Shikan' or 'Shikikan'.
They manage workers, safety, and progress at a construction or filming site.
Yes, but it sounds very strict, like 'monitoring' a child's behavior.
Yes, he is the most famous 'Eiga Kantoku' in Japan.
It means 'failure of supervision,' often used when a boss is blamed for a subordinate's error.
خودت رو بسنج 180 سوال
/ 180 درست
نمره کامل!
Summary
監督 is the ultimate 'overseer' who combines the roles of a visionary leader and a strict manager, essential in creative, athletic, and technical fields in Japan.
- 監督 (kantoku) means director, coach, or supervisor.
- It is used in movies, sports, and construction contexts.
- It can be a noun or a verb (監督する).
- In Japan, it is often used as a respectful title for a leader.
Compound Words
Learn 監督 with 'Eiga' (Movie) or 'Yakyū' (Baseball) to remember it faster.
Addressing People
If you meet a director, just say 'Kantoku!' to be polite.
Kanji Breakdown
The 'Kan' in 監督 is the same as in 'Kanshi' (Surveillance).
مثال
作業を監督します。
محتوای مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر Work
欠勤
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管理
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交代
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