A0 Pronouns 7 min read آسان

اشاره به اشیاء: این و آن (idu, adu)

Change the first letter from 'i' to 'a' to move from 'here' to 'there' instantly.
علامت‌گذاری به عنوان یادگرفته
تمرین کن

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Kannada uses 'i' for things close by and 'a' for things further away.

  • Use 'idu' (this) for objects near you: 'Idu pustaka' (This is a book).
  • Use 'adu' (that) for objects further away: 'Adu mane' (That is a house).
  • Use 'ivanu/avanu' for people: 'Ivanu nanne gelaya' (This is my friend).
I- (Close) / A- (Far) + du/nu/ru (Suffix)

مرور کلی

...

Meanings

Demonstrative pronouns identify the location of an object or person relative to the speaker.

1

Proximal (Close)

Refers to items within reach or near the speaker.

“Idu nanna pen.”

“Idu nanna ooru.”

2

Distal (Far)

Refers to items at a distance.

“Adu nanna car.”

“Adu avara mane.”

Demonstrative Pronoun Grid

Category Proximal (Close) Distal (Far)
Object Idu Adu
Male Ivanu Avanu
Female Ivalu Avalu
Plural/Honorific Ivaru Avaru
Adjective (This/That) Ee Aa
Place Illi Alli

Reference Table

Reference table for اشاره به اشیاء: این و آن (idu, adu)
Category Proximal (Near/This) Distal (Far/That)
Neuter (Thing) Singular idu (ಇದು) adu (ಅದು)
Masculine (Man) Singular ivanu (ಇವನು) avanu (ಅವನು)
Feminine (Woman) Singular ivalu (ಇವಳು) avalu (ಅವಳು)
Human Plural / Respectful ivaru (ಇವರು) avaru (ಅವರು)
Neuter Plural (Things) ivu (ಇವು) avu (ಅವು)

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
Idu nanna mane.

Idu nanna mane. (General)

خنثی
Idu nanna mane.

Idu nanna mane. (General)

غیر رسمی
Idu nanna mane.

Idu nanna mane. (General)

عامیانه
Idhu nanna mane.

Idhu nanna mane. (General)

The Power of the First Letter

Demonstratives

Proximal (I-Series)

  • idu This
  • ivanu This man

Distal (A-Series)

  • adu That
  • avanu That man

Human vs. Neuter Pronouns

Human (People)
ivanu / ivalu This man / woman
ivaru These people / Respected person
Neuter (Things/Animals)
idu This thing
ivu These things

Choosing the Right Pronoun

1

Is it close to you?

YES
Use 'i-' prefix
NO
Use 'a-' prefix
2

Is it a human?

YES
Check gender/respect
NO ↓

The Suffix Cheat Sheet

👨

Masculine

  • • -vanu
👩

Feminine

  • • -valu
📦

Neuter

  • • -du
🙌

Respect/Plural

  • • -varu
برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

Idu nanna mane.

This is my house.

2

Adu nanna car.

That is my car.

3

Idu pustaka.

This is a book.

4

Adu mane.

That is a house.

1

Ivanu nanna gelaya.

This is my friend (male).

2

Idu nanna pen alla.

This is not my pen.

3

Adu nimmade?

Is that yours?

4

Ivalu nanna tangi.

This is my younger sister.

1

Ee pustaka nannadu.

This book is mine.

2

Aa mane bahala doddu.

That house is very big.

3

Ivaru namma shikshakaru.

These are our teachers (honorific).

4

Avaru illi baruttare.

They are coming here.

1

Ee vishayada bagge matadana.

Let's talk about this topic.

2

Aa samayakke naanu alli idde.

At that time, I was there.

3

Ivarannu nimmage parichaya madikoduttene.

I will introduce them to you.

4

Adu nanna nirdhara.

That is my decision.

1

Ee sthitiyalli, naavu enu madabahudu?

In this situation, what can we do?

2

Aa ghatane nanna jeevanavanne badalayisitu.

That event changed my life.

3

Ivaru heliddu nija.

What they said is true.

4

Adu nanna kalpaneya palita.

That is the result of my imagination.

1

Ee kramavannu anusarisuvudu avashyaka.

Following this procedure is necessary.

2

Aa kalada sahitya bahala vividhavagittu.

The literature of that period was very diverse.

3

Ivaru namma paramparayannu ulisidaru.

They preserved our tradition.

4

Adu namma samaja kanda mahatvada badalavane.

That is the significant change our society witnessed.

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

Pointing things out: This and That (idu, adu) در مقابل Idu vs Ee

Learners mix up the pronoun and adjective.

Pointing things out: This and That (idu, adu) در مقابل Ivanu vs Ivaru

Learners forget honorifics.

Pointing things out: This and That (idu, adu) در مقابل Adu vs Alli

Mixing up object and place.

اشتباهات رایج

✗

Adu nanna kai (holding it)

✓

Idu nanna kai

Use 'i' for things in your hand.
✗

Idu avaru

✓

Ivaru avaru

Use 'ivaru' for people.
✗

Idu pustaka?

✓

Idu pustakana?

Need 'aa' for questions.
✗

Adu nanna mane alla

✓

Adu nanna mane alla

Correct placement of alla.
✗

Idu nanna gelaya

✓

Ivanu nanna gelaya

Use gendered suffix for people.
✗

Adu nanna tangi

✓

Avalu nanna tangi

Use 'avalu' for female.
✗

Ee pustaka nanna

✓

Ee pustaka nannadu

Need possessive suffix.
✗

Idu pustaka nannadu

✓

Ee pustaka nannadu

Use adjectival form.
✗

Avaru nanna tande

✓

Ivaru nanna tande

Use honorific for parents.
✗

Adu nanna mane

✓

Aa mane nannadu

Adjective usage.
✗

Idu nanna vishaya

✓

Ee vishayada bagge

Contextual usage.
✗

Avaru bandaru

✓

Ivaru bandaru

Deictic center shift.
✗

Adu nanna nirdhara

✓

Adu nanna nirdhara

Formal register.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

Idu ___.

Adu ___ alla.

Ee ___ nannadu.

Ivaru ___.

Real World Usage

Shopping constant

Idu eshtu?

Texting very common

Adu nanna photo.

Introductions common

Ivaru nanna tande.

Travel common

Adu elli?

Social Media common

Ee sthala bahala chanda.

Food Delivery occasional

Idu nanna order.

برای دیدن همه مثال‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید
🎯

The 'I-A' Rule

Just remember: 'I' is for 'In here' (close) and 'A' is for 'Away' (far). It never changes!
⚠️

Don't 'It' Your Friends

Avoid using 'idu' or 'adu' for people. It sounds like you are calling them objects. Use 'ivanu' or 'avalu' instead.
💬

The Power of 'Ivaru'

When in doubt, use 'ivaru' or 'avaru'. It works for plural groups AND for showing respect to a single person. It is the safest choice for beginners.

Smart Tips

Always check gender and respect level.

Idu nanna tande. → Ivaru nanna tande.

Use Ee/Aa before the noun.

Idu pustaka nannadu. → Ee pustaka nannadu.

Add 'aa' to the end.

Idu pustaka? → Idu pustakana?

Use 'alla' at the end.

Idu alla pustaka. → Idu pustaka alla.

تلفظ

i-du, a-du

Vowel length

Keep 'i' and 'a' short.

Question

Idu pustakana? ↑

Rising intonation for questions.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

I is for In-hand, A is for Away.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine holding a pen near your nose (I-du) and pointing at a bird in the sky (A-du).

Rhyme

Close is 'i', far is 'a', use these words every day.

Story

I am holding a book. 'Idu pustaka'. I see a tree far away. 'Adu mara'. My friend is here. 'Ivanu nanna gelaya'.

شبکه واژگان

IduAduIvanuAvanuIvaluAvaluIvaruAvaru

چالش

Point at 5 things in your room and say 'Idu [name]' for each.

نکات فرهنگی

Using honorifics like 'ivaru' for elders is mandatory.

Derived from ancient Dravidian roots.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

“

Idu nimmade?

“

Ivanu yaru?

“

Ee pustaka nimmada?

“

Ivaru namma shikshakara?

موضوعات نگارش

Describe 3 things in your room.
Describe your friend.
Compare two houses.
Write about a historical figure.
Sign up free to see all tips

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank with the correct 'near' pronoun for an object.

____ nanna mane (This is my house).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: idu
Since the house is an object and we are using 'this' (proximal), 'idu' is the correct choice.
Which sentence correctly refers to a respected elder who is far away? چند گزینه‌ای

Choose the most polite sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: avaru nanna thande.
'avaru' is the respectful/plural distal pronoun, appropriate for a father (thande).
Find and fix the mistake in this sentence referring to a man standing nearby. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

ivalu nanna snehitha (This man is my friend).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ivanu nanna snehitha
'snehitha' is masculine, and he is nearby, so we must use 'ivanu'.

Score: /3

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

___ nanna mane (close).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Idu
Idu is for objects near.
Choose the correct pronoun. چند گزینه‌ای

___ nanna tande (respect).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ivaru
Ivaru is honorific.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Idu nanna gelaya.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ivanu nanna gelaya
Gelaya is male.
Build the sentence. Sentence Building

mane / nannadu / ee

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ee mane nannadu
Correct word order.
Match the pronoun. جفت کردن

Match: Idu, Adu, Ivanu, Ivalu

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: This, That, He, She
Correct meanings.
Choose the correct adjective. چند گزینه‌ای

___ pustaka nannadu (far).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Aa
Aa is for far.
Fill in the blank.

Idu pustakana ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: aa
Aa is for questions.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Adu nanna tangi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Avalu nanna tangi
Avalu is for female.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Complete the sentence: '____ yaaru?' (Who is that man?) پر کردن جای خالی

____ yaaru?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: avanu
Translate 'Those are mine' (referring to books). ترجمه

Those are mine.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: avu nannadu
Match the pronoun to its meaning. جفت کردن

Match the following:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: idu:This (thing), adu:That (thing), ivaru:This (person/respectful), avaru:That (person/respectful)
How do you say 'Who is she?' (informal, far away)? چند گزینه‌ای

Choose the correct option:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: avalu yaaru?
Correct the sentence: 'ivu nanna thande' (This is my father). Error Correction

ivu nanna thande.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ivaru nanna thande.
Reorder the words to say 'That is a big house'. Sentence Reorder

mane / adu / doddadu

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: adu dodda mane
Use the correct plural for 'these things'. پر کردن جای خالی

____ nanna pustakagalu.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ivu
Pick the correct way to say 'This is good' on a social media post. چند گزینه‌ای

Choose the correct option:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: idu chennagide
Translate: 'He is my brother' (far away, informal). ترجمه

He is my brother.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: avanu nanna anna
Match the prefix to the distance. جفت کردن

Match the prefixes:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: i-:Close (Proximal), a-:Far (Distal), e-:Question (Interrogative)

Score: /10

سوالات متداول (8)

Idu is a pronoun; Ee is an adjective.

Yes, it is polite.

Yes, Ivu.

Use 'Ivu'.

Yes, for people.

Use the neutral 'Idu'.

Yes, relative to the speaker.

Only if informal/rude.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

برای تمرین رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

In Other Languages

Spanish high

este/ese/aquel

Kannada is strictly binary.

French moderate

ce/cette

Kannada uses suffixing.

German moderate

dieser/jener

Kannada uses agglutinative suffixes.

Japanese high

kore/sore/are

Kannada is binary.

Arabic high

hatha/thalika

Kannada gender is limited to people.

Chinese high

zhe/na

Chinese has no gender suffixes.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Singular vs Plural Nouns

Related Grammar Rules

A1

ضمایر شخصی کانادایی: من، تو، او (naanu, neevu)

Overview آیا تا به حال وارد کافه ای در بنگلور شده اید و متوجه شده اید که حتی نمی توانید بگویید 'من'؟... (Persian transla...
A1

Reflexive Pronouns
A1

Demonstratives (This/That)
Was this helpful?

نظرات (0)

برای نظر دادن وارد شوید
هنوز نظری وجود ندارد. اولین نفری باشید که افکار خود را به اشتراک می‌گذارد!