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B1 noun #7,500 پرکاربردترین 11 دقیقه مطالعه

차등

chadeung رتبه 7,500

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 차등 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 차등 in your Level:

At the A1 level, the word '차등' (chadeung) might be a bit difficult because it is a formal word. However, you can think of it as 'different levels.' Imagine a game where Level 1 gets 10 points and Level 2 gets 20 points. That is a '차등' system. In simple Korean, we usually use the word '차이' (difference) or '달라요' (is different). But if you see '차등' on a sign at a museum or a bus station, it usually means the price is different for kids, students, and adults. For example, '나이에 따라 요금이 차등 적용됩니다' means 'The price is different depending on your age.' At this stage, just remember that '차' means 'difference' and '등' means 'rank' or 'level.' You don't need to use it in your own speaking yet, but recognizing it in formal places will help you. It is often used with '에 따라' which means 'depending on.' So, 'A에 따라 B가 차등...' means 'B changes depending on A.' This is a very useful pattern to recognize as you start reading more Korean signs and basic documents. Keep it simple: 차등 = Differentiated/Different levels.

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At the A2 level, you are starting to see more Hanja-based words. '차등' (chadeung) is a great word to learn because it helps you understand how Korean systems work. You might encounter this word when looking at job advertisements or school notices. For example, '경력에 따라 월급을 차등 지급합니다' means 'We pay salary differently based on your experience.' Here, you can see the grammar '에 따라' (according to) and '지급합니다' (to pay). This is a very common sentence pattern. At this level, you should try to distinguish '차등' from '차이.' '차이' is just a difference you see, like 'The colors are different.' But '차등' is a difference that someone *made* on purpose, like a teacher giving different grades. You can think of it as 'intentional differentiation.' If you go to a theme park, the tickets might have '차등 요금' (differentiated prices) for peak season and off-season. Learning this word will help you understand formal announcements better. Try to remember the phrase '차등을 두다' (to make a distinction). For example, '선생님은 숙제에 차등을 두었다' (The teacher made a distinction in the homework). This means the homework was different for different students.

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As a B1 learner, '차등' (chadeung) is an essential word for discussing social issues and professional environments. At this level, you should be able to use it in sentences to describe systems. The word '차등' is often used to describe fairness. In Korea, many people believe that '차등 보상' (differential reward) is fair because people who work harder should get more. You will hear this word in news reports about the economy, such as '차등 과세' (differential taxation) or '차등 금리' (differential interest rates). You should also learn the word '차등적' (differential), which acts like an adjective. For example, '차등적 대우' means 'differential treatment.' A key point for B1 learners is to avoid confusing '차등' with '차별' (discrimination). '차별' is usually bad (like being mean to someone because of where they are from), while '차등' is usually a system (like a bank giving better interest rates to people with good credit). You can use '차등' when writing essays about education or work. For example, '학생들의 수준에 따라 교육 내용을 차등화해야 한다' (We should differentiate the educational content according to the students' levels). This shows a good command of formal vocabulary.

At the B2 level, you should have a nuanced understanding of '차등' (chadeung) and be able to use it in debates or professional presentations. This word is central to discussions about meritocracy (능력주의) in Korea. You should understand how it relates to concepts like '형평성' (equity) and '효율성' (efficiency). In a corporate setting, you might need to explain a '차등 성과급 제도' (differential performance bonus system). You should be comfortable using various verb collocations like '차등 적용하다' (to apply differentially), '차등 부과하다' (to levy differentially), and '차등 배분하다' (to distribute differentially). At this level, you can also explore the historical and legal aspects of the word. For instance, you might discuss whether '차등 의결권' (differential voting rights) should be allowed for company founders. You should also be able to recognize '차등' in academic texts where it might describe social stratification or ecological niches. When writing, use '차등' to add precision to your arguments. Instead of saying 'giving different amounts,' say '차등적으로 배분함으로써' (by distributing differentially). This level of vocabulary shows that you can handle complex, abstract topics in Korean. You should also be able to explain the difference between '차등' and '격차' (gap), noting that one is the mechanism and the other is the result.

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For C1 learners, '차등' (chadeung) is a tool for sophisticated socio-political analysis. You should be able to discuss the philosophical implications of '차등적 분배' (differential distribution) versus '균등적 분배' (equal distribution). This involves understanding the works of political philosophers like John Rawls or Michael Sandel, whose ideas are often discussed in Korean media using this vocabulary. You should also be familiar with highly specific technical terms like '차등 수가제' (differential fee system) in healthcare or '차등 관세' (differential tariffs) in international trade. At this level, you should notice the subtle ways '차등' is used to frame arguments. For example, a policy might be defended as '합리적 차등' (rational differentiation) to avoid accusations of '차별' (discrimination). You should be able to use the word in complex sentence structures, such as '사회의 안정과 발전을 위해서는 기회의 균등과 성과의 차등이 조화를 이루어야 한다' (For social stability and development, equality of opportunity and differentiation of outcomes must be in harmony). This level of mastery requires not just knowing the definition, but understanding the ideological weight the word carries in Korean discourse regarding fairness and competition. You should also be able to critique systems of '차등' in formal writing, using related terms like '서열화' (ranking/hierarchization) and '양극화' (polarization).

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At the C2 level, your understanding of '차등' (chadeung) should be near-native, encompassing its historical evolution and its role in the finest nuances of Korean law and philosophy. You should be able to analyze how the concept of '차등' was rooted in Neo-Confucian social orders (신분제적 차등) and how it has been transformed into modern meritocratic structures. In legal contexts, you should understand the '평등권' (right to equality) and how '합리적 이유가 있는 차등' (differentiation with rational grounds) is legally distinguished from '자의적인 차별' (arbitrary discrimination) in Constitutional Court rulings. You should be able to engage in high-level academic discussions about '차등적 시민권' (differential citizenship) or '차등적 통합' (differential integration) in the context of multiculturalism. Your usage of the word should be flawless, appearing in complex rhetorical structures that balance multiple abstract concepts. You might use it to describe the '차등적 가치 부여' (assignment of differential value) in semiotics or the '차등적 발달' (differential development) in psychology. At this level, '차등' is not just a vocabulary word but a conceptual lens through which you can analyze and articulate the complexities of human systems, ethics, and social dynamics. You should be able to navigate the most formal registers, such as drafting policy proposals or academic abstracts, where '차등' is used to define precise boundaries and categories.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

차등 در ۳۰ ثانیه

차등 (chadeung) means systematic differentiation or gradation based on specific criteria like rank or performance.
It is a formal word used in business, law, and government contexts to describe non-uniform treatment.
Commonly paired with '지급' (payment), '부과' (levying), and '적용' (application) to show how rules vary.
Unlike '차별' (discrimination), '차등' usually implies a fair or logical reason for the difference.

The Korean word 차등 (chadeung) is a formal noun that encapsulates the concept of differentiation, gradation, or the act of making a distinction based on specific criteria such as rank, quality, or performance. Derived from Hanja (Chinese characters), the word combines 차 (差), meaning 'difference' or 'gap,' and 등 (等), meaning 'grade,' 'rank,' or 'class.' Together, they describe a system or an action where things are not treated equally but are instead categorized and handled differently according to their respective status or value. This is a crucial concept in Korean administrative, economic, and social contexts, where meritocracy and hierarchical structures often dictate how resources, rewards, or punishments are distributed.

Administrative Context: In government or corporate policy, 차등 refers to the application of varying rates or rules. For instance, '차등 과세' (differential taxation) means taxing different income brackets at different rates.

Unlike the word '차별' (chabyeol), which often carries a negative connotation of unfair discrimination or prejudice, 차등 is generally viewed as a more neutral or even 'fair' systematic approach. It implies that the differences applied are based on logical or agreed-upon standards. For example, in a workplace, paying employees different bonuses based on their performance reviews is considered '차등 지급' (differential payment), which is seen as a way to incentivize hard work. However, the line can sometimes be thin; if the criteria for 차등 are perceived as opaque or biased, the system may be criticized. Thus, the word is frequently used in debates about social justice, economic policy, and educational reform.

회사는 성과에 따라 성과급을 차등 지급하기로 결정했다.

Translation: The company decided to pay performance bonuses differentially based on results.

In academic settings, you might hear about '차등 교육' (differentiated education), which refers to tailoring teaching methods to students' varying ability levels. This is often a point of contention in Korea, where the balance between '평등' (equality) and '차등' (differentiation) is a major public discourse. People use this word when they want to sound precise and professional. You won't typically hear it in casual conversation among friends about simple differences; instead, you'd use '차이' (difference). Use 차등 when discussing systems, rules, or formal evaluations.

Social Hierarchy: Historically, Korean society was built on '차등적 질서' (differential order), where rituals and language were strictly adjusted according to one's social standing.

정부는 소득 수준에 따라 건강보험료를 차등 부과한다.

Translation: The government levies health insurance premiums differentially according to income levels.

To master this word, one must understand the nuance of 'justified variance.' It is the backbone of meritocratic systems. Whether it is the '차등 배분' (differential distribution) of resources in a crisis or the '차등 대우' (differential treatment) of VIP customers in a bank, the word implies a deliberate, calculated distinction. In the modern era, as Korea moves towards more complex social structures, the frequency of this word in news reports regarding labor strikes, university admissions, and tax reforms has increased significantly, making it an essential vocabulary item for intermediate and advanced learners.

Using 차등 (chadeung) correctly requires an understanding of its typical grammatical collocations. As a noun, it most frequently appears in the object position followed by the verb '두다' (to put/place), forming the phrase 차등을 두다, which means 'to make a distinction' or 'to differentiate.' This is the most versatile way to use the word. For example, if a teacher gives different homework assignments based on a student's level, you would say '수준에 따라 과제에 차등을 두었다.' This structure highlights the intentionality of the differentiation.

Common Verb Pairings: 차등 적용하다 (to apply differentially), 차등 지급하다 (to pay differentially), 차등 부과하다 (to levy/charge differentially).

Another common usage is as a modifier for other nouns, often appearing in the form '차등적' (differential/graded). When you add '-적' to the end, it functions as an adjective. You might hear phrases like '차등적 대우' (differential treatment) or '차등적 보상' (differential compensation). This is particularly common in academic papers or legal documents where the nature of the system itself is being described. For instance, '차등적 교육 과정' refers to a curriculum that is graded according to difficulty or student aptitude.

모든 사람에게 똑같은 기준을 적용하기보다는 상황에 맞게 차등을 두는 것이 합리적입니다.

Translation: Rather than applying the same standard to everyone, it is rational to make distinctions according to the situation.

In more complex sentences, 차등 can be the subject of the sentence, though this is less common than its use as an object or modifier. For example, '보상의 차등이 직원들의 사기를 저하시켰다' (The differentiation in rewards lowered the employees' morale). Here, the focus is on the impact of the differentiation itself. It is also important to note the particle '에' which often precedes the reason for the differentiation: '[Reason]에 따라 [Object]에 차등을 두다.' This follows the logic of 'According to [Criteria], put a difference in [Target].'

For those looking to use this in business Korean, focusing on '차등 지급' is essential. In annual salary negotiations (연봉 협상), companies often explain that '인상률은 성과에 따라 차등 적용됩니다' (The increase rate is applied differentially based on performance). This use of the passive form '적용되다' (to be applied) is very common in official announcements. Mastering these patterns allows a speaker to discuss fairness and systemic structures with the nuance expected of a professional or an educated adult.

Sentence Structure Example: [Criteria] + 에 따라 + [Target] + 에 + 차등을 두다/적용하다.

지역별로 전기 요금을 차등 적용하는 방안이 검토되고 있다.

Translation: A plan to apply electricity rates differentially by region is being reviewed.

You are most likely to encounter 차등 (chadeung) in formal environments, specifically in the news, government bulletins, and corporate settings. It is a staple of 'News Korean.' When a news anchor discusses a new government policy regarding welfare benefits or tax hikes, they will almost certainly use this word to describe how different groups are affected differently. For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic, discussions about '차등 지원' (differential support) for small business owners based on their revenue losses were a daily occurrence on major networks like KBS or MBC.

Corporate Environment: In a Korean office, during performance review season, HR managers use this word to explain salary bands and bonus structures. It sounds objective and merit-based.

In the legal and political spheres, '차등' is used to discuss the principle of proportionality. You might read about '형량의 차등' (differentiation in sentencing), where the law demands that punishments be scaled according to the severity of the crime. Similarly, in political debates, candidates might argue over whether university tuition should be '차등화' (differentiated) based on a family's income level. Hearing this word signals that the speaker is discussing a system designed to manage complexity through categorization rather than a one-size-fits-all approach.

이번 장학금은 가계 곤란 정도에 따라 차등 지급될 예정입니다.

Translation: This scholarship is scheduled to be paid differentially according to the degree of household financial difficulty.

In educational settings, teachers and parents often discuss '차등 평가' (differential evaluation). This refers to grading systems that might take into account a student's improvement or their specific track (e.g., science vs. arts). While the word itself is formal, its implications are deeply felt by the public, as it touches on the core Korean value of 'Gong-jeong' (fairness). Is it fairer to give everyone the same, or to give differently based on need or merit? This philosophical tension is exactly where '차등' lives in the public consciousness.

Lastly, you might see it in marketing, though less frequently. High-end credit cards or department stores might mention '차등 혜택' (differential benefits) for their VIP members compared to standard members. In this context, it is used to denote exclusivity and the rewards of loyalty or high spending. Whether it's the '차등 배당' (differential dividends) in the stock market or '차등 가격제' (differential pricing) in utilities, the word is everywhere where systems meet individuals with different attributes.

Economic News: Commonly found in headlines about '차등 금리' (differential interest rates) applied to loans based on credit scores.

The most frequent mistake learners make with 차등 (chadeung) is confusing it with 차별 (chabyeol). While both words involve treating things or people differently, their connotations are worlds apart. '차별' almost always refers to unfair, unjust, or illegal discrimination—such as racial discrimination (인종 차별) or gender discrimination (성별 차별). In contrast, '차등' is a technical, often neutral term for systematic differentiation based on logic or merit. If you say '회사에서 나를 차등했다,' it sounds like a weird, incomplete technical statement. If you want to say you were treated unfairly, you must use '차별했다.'

Another mistake is using '차등' in casual, everyday contexts where 차이 (chai) is more appropriate. '차이' simply means 'difference.' For example, if you want to say 'There is a difference between these two apples,' you should say '이 두 사과에는 차이가 있다.' Using '차등' here would sound bizarrely formal, as if the apples were being ranked in a government grading system. '차등' implies a deliberate act of grading or ranking, not just a passive observation of a difference.

Incorrect: 친구와 나 사이에 차등이 있다. (There is a 'gradation' between my friend and me.)
Correct: 친구와 나 사이에 차이가 있다. (There is a difference between my friend and me.)

Learners also struggle with the verb forms. Since '차등' is a noun, it cannot be used directly as a verb like '차등하다' in most modern contexts (though it technically exists, it is rare). Instead, you should use '차등을 두다' or '차등 적용하다.' Using '차등하다' on its own often sounds truncated or archaic. Additionally, pay attention to the particles. People often forget to use '에' to indicate the criteria. It's not '성적을 차등하다' but '성적에 따라 차등을 두다.'

Particle Pitfall: Always use '에 따라' (according to) or '에' (at/to) with 차등. Example: '경력에 따라 연봉을 차등 지급한다.'

Lastly, be careful with the word 격차 (gyeokcha). While '차등' is the *act* or *system* of making differences, '격차' refers to the *gap* or *distance* that results from those differences. For example, '빈부 격차' (the gap between rich and poor) is the result of '소득 차등' (income differentiation). Using them interchangeably can lead to sentences that are grammatically correct but logically slightly off. If you are talking about the distance between two levels, use '격차.' If you are talking about the system of levels, use '차등.'

To truly understand 차등 (chadeung), it's helpful to compare it with its synonyms and related terms. Each has a specific 'flavor' and context. Below is a breakdown of how '차등' compares to words like '차별,' '차이,' and '구별.'

차등 (Chadeung) vs. 차별 (Chabyeol): 차등 is systematic, often merit-based differentiation (Neutral/Positive). 차별 is unfair discrimination based on identity (Negative).
차등 (Chadeung) vs. 구별 (Gubyeol): 구별 means to distinguish or tell apart (e.g., 'distinguish right from wrong'). 차등 involves not just telling things apart, but assigning them different values or ranks.

Another important alternative is 변별 (byeonbyeol). This word is specifically used in the context of testing and evaluation to mean 'the ability to discriminate or differentiate' between levels of ability. For example, a difficult question on an exam has high '변별력' (discriminatory power). While '차등' is the act of giving different grades, '변별' is the process of figuring out who deserves which grade. They are often used together in discussions about education policy.

시험의 목적은 학생들의 실력을 변별하여 점수를 차등 부여하는 것이다.

Translation: The purpose of the exam is to differentiate students' abilities and assign scores differentially.

If you are looking for a more common, less technical word, 차이 (chai) is your best bet. It simply means 'difference.' If you want to say 'There is a difference in price,' you can say '가격 차이가 있다.' If you want to say 'The prices are systematically differentiated by time of day,' you would use '시간대별로 가격을 차등화했다.' The latter implies a strategic business decision, while the former is a simple observation.

Lastly, consider 격차 (gyeokcha). As mentioned before, this refers to the 'gap.' In socio-economic discussions, you will often hear '빈부 격차' (wealth gap), '디지털 격차' (digital divide), and '임금 격차' (wage gap). While '차등' describes the mechanism of giving different wages, '격차' describes the resulting distance between the top and bottom earners. Understanding these nuances will help you sound more like a native speaker in professional and academic settings.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

Interestingly, the character '등' (等) can mean both 'rank' (different levels) and 'equal' (same level). In '차등,' it focuses on the ranking aspect.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /tɕʰa.dɯŋ/

US /tɕʰa.dɯŋ/

The stress is equal on both syllables, which is typical for Korean nouns.

هم‌قافیه با

하등 (hadeung - inferior) 고등 (godeung - high-level) 평등 (pyeongdeung - equality) 균등 (gyundeung - uniformity) 우등 (udeung - excellence) 동등 (dongdeung - equal) 중등 (jungdeung - middle) 초등 (chodeung - elementary)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing '차' as 'ja' (unaspirated).
Pronouncing '등' as 'doong' (rounding the lips).
Misplacing the nasal 'ng' sound.
Confusing it with '차단' (chadan - block).
Pronouncing 'eu' as 'ee'.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 4/5

Common in newspapers and formal reports, requiring Hanja knowledge.

نوشتن 4/5

Requires understanding specific collocations like '차등을 두다'.

صحبت کردن 3/5

Not used in daily casual speech, but essential for professional settings.

گوش دادن 3/5

Easily recognized in news and formal announcements.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

차이 (Difference) 등급 (Grade) 기준 (Standard) 지급 (Payment) 적용 (Application)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

차별 (Discrimination) 격차 (Gap) 형평성 (Equity) 능력주의 (Meritocracy) 분배 (Distribution)

پیشرفته

누진세 (Progressive tax) 상대평가 (Relative evaluation) 절대평가 (Absolute evaluation) 위계질서 (Hierarchy) 수익자 부담 원칙 (Beneficiary-pay principle)

گرامر لازم

~에 따라 (According to / Depending on)

기준에 따라 차등을 둡니다.

~ㄴ/은/는/ㄹ/을 만큼 (As much as / In proportion to)

노력한 만큼 차등 보상을 받는다.

~적 (Suffix to make a noun into an adjective)

차등적 대우를 반대한다.

~화 (Suffix meaning '-ization' or 'to make into')

시스템을 차등화했다.

~을/를 토대로 (Based on)

성과를 토대로 차등 지급한다.

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

나이에 따라 요금이 차등 적용됩니다.

The fee is applied differentially according to age.

에 따라 (according to) + 차등 (differentiation) + 적용됩니다 (is applied).

이 게임은 점수에 따라 보상이 차등 지급돼요.

In this game, rewards are paid differentially according to the score.

지급돼요 is the passive form of 지급하다 (to pay/provide).

키에 따라 타는 기구가 차등이 있어요.

There are distinctions in the rides you can take depending on your height.

차등이 있다 means 'there is a differentiation/distinction'.

사과의 크기에 따라 가격에 차등을 두었습니다.

We put a difference in the price according to the size of the apples.

차등을 두다 is a common phrase meaning 'to make a distinction'.

성적에 따라 반을 차등 배정해요.

They assign classes differentially according to grades.

배정하다 means 'to assign' or 'to allocate'.

지역에 따라 배달비가 차등 부과됩니다.

Delivery fees are charged differentially according to the region.

부과되다 means 'to be charged' or 'to be levied'.

회원 등급에 따라 혜택이 차등적이에요.

The benefits are differential according to the member rank.

차등적이다 is the adjective form of 차등.

시간에 따라 주차 요금이 차등 적용됩니다.

Parking fees are applied differentially according to the time.

적용되다 means 'to be applied'.

경력에 따라 연봉을 차등 지급하는 회사입니다.

It is a company that pays salaries differentially according to experience.

지급하는 is a noun-modifying form of 지급하다.

정부는 소득에 따라 세금을 차등 부과하고 있어요.

The government is levying taxes differentially according to income.

부과하고 있다 is the present progressive form.

학생들의 수준에 따라 과제에 차등을 두어야 합니다.

We must make distinctions in assignments according to students' levels.

어야 합니다 indicates necessity or obligation.

이 카드는 사용 금액에 따라 포인트를 차등 적립해 줍니다.

This card accumulates points differentially according to the amount spent.

적립하다 means 'to accumulate' or 'to save up' points.

좌석 등급에 따라 서비스가 차등 제공됩니다.

Services are provided differentially according to the seat class.

제공되다 means 'to be provided'.

날씨에 따라 입장료에 차등을 두는 공원도 있습니다.

There are parks that make distinctions in entrance fees according to the weather.

는 공원 (the park that...) is a noun-modifying clause.

능력에 따른 차등 대우는 당연하다고 생각해요.

I think differential treatment according to ability is natural.

따른 is another way to say 'according to' as a modifier.

우리 학교는 성적에 따라 장학금을 차등 지원합니다.

Our school provides scholarship support differentially according to grades.

지원하다 here means 'to support' or 'to provide aid'.

성과급을 차등 지급하는 제도가 도입되었습니다.

A system for paying performance bonuses differentially has been introduced.

도입되었습니다 means 'has been introduced' or 'has been adopted'.

모두에게 똑같은 기준을 적용하기보다 차등을 두는 것이 합리적이다.

It is more rational to make distinctions rather than applying the same standard to everyone.

하기보다 (rather than doing) is used for comparison.

전기 요금을 사용량에 따라 차등 부과하는 방안이 논의 중이다.

A plan to levy electricity bills differentially according to usage is under discussion.

중이다 indicates an ongoing process or state.

그 기업은 직급에 따라 복지 혜택을 차등화하고 있다.

The company is differentiating welfare benefits according to job rank.

차등화하다 means 'to differentiate' or 'to make into a graded system'.

지역별 교육 격차를 줄이기 위해 예산을 차등 배분해야 한다.

To reduce the educational gap between regions, the budget must be distributed differentially.

위해 (in order to) + 배분해야 한다 (must distribute).

이 정책은 연령대에 따라 차등적인 지원을 제공합니다.

This policy provides differential support according to age group.

차등적인 is the attributive adjective form.

물건의 품질에 따라 가격에 차등을 두는 것은 상식입니다.

It is common sense to make distinctions in price according to the quality of goods.

는 것은 ~입니다 is a standard way to define a concept or fact.

보험료는 건강 상태에 따라 차등 적용될 수 있습니다.

Insurance premiums can be applied differentially according to health status.

ㄹ 수 있습니다 indicates possibility.

성과에 따른 차등 보상은 조직의 경쟁력을 높이는 데 기여한다.

Differential compensation based on performance contributes to increasing the organization's competitiveness.

는 데 기여하다 means 'to contribute to (doing something)'.

단순한 차별과 합리적 차등을 구분하는 기준이 모호할 때가 많다.

The criteria for distinguishing between simple discrimination and rational differentiation are often vague.

구분하는 (distinguishing) + 모호할 때가 많다 (there are many times when it's vague).

정부는 주택 소유 수에 따라 취득세를 차등 부과하기로 했다.

The government decided to levy acquisition tax differentially according to the number of houses owned.

하기로 했다 indicates a decision or resolution.

대학들은 입시 전형에서 지역 균형을 위해 차등 점수를 부여하기도 한다.

Universities sometimes grant differential points for regional balance in entrance examinations.

기도 한다 means 'sometimes does' or 'also does'.

노동조합은 임금의 과도한 차등화에 반대하며 파업에 돌입했다.

The labor union went on strike, opposing the excessive differentiation of wages.

하며 (while doing/and) + 돌입했다 (rushed into/started).

환경 오염 정도에 따라 과태료를 차등 적용하는 법안이 통과되었다.

A bill to apply fines differentially according to the degree of environmental pollution was passed.

통과되었다 means 'was passed' (as in a law).

사회적 배려 대상자에게는 차등적인 혜택이 주어져야 한다.

Differential benefits should be given to those subject to social consideration.

주어져야 한다 is the passive 'to be given' + 'must'.

기술력의 차등이 시장 점유율의 격차로 이어졌다.

The differentiation in technological capability led to a gap in market share.

로 이어졌다 means 'led to' or 'resulted in'.

자본주의 사회에서 부의 차등적 분배는 피할 수 없는 현상이다.

In a capitalist society, the differential distribution of wealth is an unavoidable phenomenon.

피할 수 없는 (unavoidable) is a common high-level phrase.

법원은 피고인의 범죄 가담 정도를 고려하여 형량을 차등 선고했다.

The court sentenced the defendants to differential terms, considering the degree of their involvement in the crime.

고려하여 (considering) + 선고했다 (sentenced).

차등 수가제 도입이 의료 서비스의 질적 향상을 가져올 것인지 논란이 분분하다.

There is much controversy over whether the introduction of a differential fee system will bring about an improvement in the quality of medical services.

는지 논란이 분분하다 means 'controversy is rife as to whether...'.

교육의 기회는 평등해야 하지만, 결과에 대한 차등은 인정해야 한다는 목소리가 높다.

There are loud voices saying that while opportunities for education must be equal, differentiation in outcomes must be recognized.

다는 목소리가 높다 means 'there are many voices/opinions saying that...'.

신자유주의 체제 아래에서 노동의 가치는 시장 논리에 의해 차등화되었다.

Under the neoliberal system, the value of labor has been differentiated by market logic.

에 의해 (by/due to) + 차등화되었다 (was differentiated).

소수 지주에게 차등 의결권을 부여하는 것은 주주 평등의 원칙에 위배된다.

Granting differential voting rights to a minority of shareholders violates the principle of shareholder equality.

에 위배된다 means 'violates' or 'goes against' (a rule/principle).

문화 자본의 차등이 계급 재생산의 주요 기제로 작용하고 있다.

The differentiation of cultural capital is acting as a major mechanism for class reproduction.

기제로 작용하고 있다 means 'is acting as a mechanism'.

정부는 지역별 낙후도를 평가하여 국가 보조금을 차등 지원하기로 방침을 정했다.

The government has set a policy to provide national subsidies differentially by evaluating the degree of backwardness of each region.

방침을 정했다 means 'set a policy' or 'established a guideline'.

롤스의 정의론에 따르면, 차등의 원칙은 최소 수혜자에게 최대 이익이 돌아갈 때 정당화된다.

According to Rawls' theory of justice, the principle of difference is justified when it results in the greatest benefit to the least advantaged members of society.

에 따르면 (according to) + 정당화된다 (is justified).

근대 사법 체계는 행위의 책임 정도에 따른 형벌의 차등화를 근간으로 한다.

The modern judicial system is based on the differentiation of punishment according to the degree of responsibility for the act.

를 근간으로 한다 means 'is based on' or 'has (something) as its foundation'.

포스트모더니즘 담론은 보편적 가치보다는 개별적 가치의 차등적 인정을 강조한다.

Postmodernist discourse emphasizes the differential recognition of individual values rather than universal values.

보다는 (rather than) + 강조한다 (emphasizes).

다국적 기업들은 국가별 구매력을 고려하여 제품 가격을 차등 책정하는 전략을 구사한다.

Multinational corporations employ strategies to set product prices differentially, considering the purchasing power of each country.

전략을 구사한다 means 'to employ/use a strategy'.

생태계 내에서 종 간의 자원 이용 방식의 차등은 공존을 가능케 하는 핵심 요소이다.

In an ecosystem, the differentiation of resource utilization methods between species is a key element that enables coexistence.

케 하는 (making it so that...) + 요소이다 (is a factor).

지식 정보화 사회에서는 정보 접근성의 차등이 새로운 형태의 사회적 불평등을 야기한다.

In the knowledge-information society, the differentiation of information accessibility causes a new form of social inequality.

야기한다 means 'causes' or 'brings about' (usually something negative).

헌법재판소는 해당 법률이 합리적 이유 없는 차등을 두고 있어 평등 원칙에 어긋난다고 판시했다.

The Constitutional Court ruled that the law in question is contrary to the principle of equality because it makes distinctions without rational grounds.

판시했다 is a formal legal term for 'ruled' or 'adjudicated'.

인간의 존엄성은 절대적이지만, 사회적 역할과 책임에 따른 처우의 차등은 불가피하다.

While human dignity is absolute, differentiation in treatment according to social roles and responsibilities is inevitable.

이지만 (while/but) + 불가피하다 (is inevitable).

مترادف‌ها

차이 구별 차별 격차

متضادها

평등 균등

ترکیب‌های رایج

차등을 두다

차등 지급

차등 적용

차등 부과

차등 대우

합리적 차등

차등 배분

차등화하다

차등적 관계

차등 지수

عبارات رایج

차등을 두어 관리하다

— To manage items or people by placing them in different categories or levels. Used in logistics or HR.

재고 중요도에 따라 차등을 두어 관리하고 있습니다.

차등적인 혜택

— Benefits that vary based on status or contribution. Common in loyalty programs.

회원 등급별로 차등적인 혜택을 누리세요.

차등 성과급

— A performance bonus that is not the same for everyone but varies by achievement. Standard in Korean companies.

올해는 차등 성과급 제도가 강화될 예정입니다.

차등 요금제

— A pricing system where rates change based on time, usage, or user type. Used for utilities.

전기료 차등 요금제가 도입되면 여름철 부담이 커질 수 있다.

차등 교육

— Education tailored to different student levels. A topic in pedagogical debates.

수준별 차등 교육이 학생들의 흥미를 유발할 수 있다.

차등 대우를 받다

— To receive different treatment compared to others. Can be positive (VIP) or negative (unfair).

그는 신입 사원이라는 이유로 차등 대우를 받았다.

차등을 없애다

— To eliminate distinctions or gradations to achieve equality.

우리 회사는 직급 간의 차등을 없애기로 했습니다.

차등 배당

— When a company pays different dividend rates to different classes of shareholders.

대주주가 배당을 포기하여 소액 주주에게 차등 배당을 실시했다.

차등 투표권

— The right to have votes that carry different weights. A controversial corporate governance topic.

차등 투표권 도입을 두고 찬반 논란이 뜨겁다.

차등적 보상

— Giving rewards that are proportional to effort or result. Used in motivation theory.

공정한 차등적 보상은 직원의 사기를 높인다.

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

차등 vs 차별

Unfair discrimination (negative) vs. logical differentiation (neutral).

차등 vs 차이

General difference (fact) vs. systematic differentiation (action).

차등 vs 격차

The resulting gap (distance) vs. the act of differentiating (process).

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"차등을 두어 대하다"

— To treat people differently based on their status or relationship with you. Similar to 'playing favorites' but can be professional.

사장님은 모든 직원에게 차등을 두지 않고 대하려 노력하신다.

Neutral

"급을 나누다"

— To divide things into 'classes' or 'grades.' A more colloquial way of saying 차등화하다.

사람들 사이에서 급을 나누는 태도는 좋지 않다.

Informal

"선긋기를 하다"

— To draw a line; to make a clear distinction or separation. Often used in social or political contexts.

그는 문제의 핵심과 지엽적인 부분 사이에 확실한 선긋기를 했다.

Neutral

"도토리 키 재기"

— Comparing acorns' heights. Used when people try to make a '차등' (distinction) between things that are actually very similar.

그들의 실력 차이는 도토리 키 재기 수준이다.

Idiomatic

"천차만별"

— Thousands of differences and ten thousand distinctions. Used when things are incredibly varied.

사람들의 생각은 천차만별이라 차등을 두기가 어렵다.

Common

"차별화 전략"

— Differentiation strategy. Used in business to mean making your product stand out from competitors.

우리는 경쟁사와 다른 차별화 전략이 필요하다.

Business

"위아래가 있다"

— There is an up and a down. Refers to the presence of a hierarchy or '차등' in status.

한국 사회는 여전히 위아래가 뚜렷한 차등적 문화를 가지고 있다.

Cultural

"한 끗 차이"

— A difference of a single 'point' or 'stroke.' Used when the '차등' is very small but significant.

승패는 한 끗 차이로 결정되었다.

Casual

"격이 다르다"

— To be of a different 'class' or 'level.' Used to praise something as being far superior.

이 식당의 음식은 다른 곳과 격이 다르다.

Neutral

"줄 세우기"

— Lining people up. A critical term for a system that forces '차등' (ranking) on everyone, like standardized testing.

학생들을 성적으로 줄 세우기 하는 교육은 지양해야 한다.

Critical

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

차등 vs 차별 (Chabyeol)

Both involve treating things differently.

Chabyeol is biased and unfair (discrimination). Chadeung is systematic and often based on merit (differentiation).

성차별 (Gender discrimination) vs. 성과급 차등 (Performance bonus differentiation).

차등 vs 차이 (Chai)

Both mean 'difference.'

Chai is a passive observation of a gap. Chadeung is an active system of making levels.

색깔 차이 (Color difference) vs. 요금 차등 (Rate differentiation).

차등 vs 격차 (Gyeokcha)

Both relate to gaps between levels.

Gyeokcha is the noun for the 'gap' itself. Chadeung is the 'act' of creating that gap through rules.

빈부 격차 (Wealth gap) vs. 소득 차등 (Income differentiation).

차등 vs 구별 (Gubyeol)

Both mean 'distinction.'

Gubyeol is telling things apart (A is not B). Chadeung is giving things different values (A is Level 1, B is Level 2).

가짜와 진짜 구별 (Distinguishing fake from real) vs. 실력별 차등 (Differentiation by skill).

차등 vs 변별 (Byeonbyeol)

Both are used in testing/grading.

Byeonbyeol is the ability to tell the difference in quality/skill. Chadeung is the actual distribution of grades based on that.

변별력 있는 문제 (A question with discriminatory power) vs. 점수 차등 (Score differentiation).

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

[Criteria]에 따라 [Target]을/를 차등 지급하다

성과에 따라 보너스를 차등 지급합니다.

[Criteria]에 따라 [Target]에 차등을 두다

나이에 따라 입장료에 차등을 둡니다.

[Target]은/는 [Criteria]별로 차등 적용됩니다

전기 요금은 시간대별로 차등 적용됩니다.

차등적인 [Noun]을/를 제공하다

우리는 회원들에게 차등적인 혜택을 제공합니다.

[Criteria]를 고려하여 [Target]에 차등을 두기로 결정하다

가구 소득을 고려하여 지원금에 차등을 두기로 결정했습니다.

[Noun]의 차등화가 [Result]를 야기하다

임금의 차등화가 소득 격차를 야기했다.

[Noun]은/는 합리적 이유가 있는 차등으로 간주되다

이 정책은 합리적 이유가 있는 차등으로 간주됩니다.

[Noun]과 [Noun] 사이의 차등적 인식이 필요하다

문화적 다양성에 대한 차등적 인식이 필요합니다.

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

차등화 (chadeunghwa - differentiation/gradation process)

차등적 (chadeungjeok - being differential/graded)

차등성 (chadeungseong - the property of being differentiated)

فعل‌ها

차등하다 (chadeunghada - to differentiate - rare)

차등화하다 (chadeunghwahada - to make something differentiated)

차등화되다 (chadeunghwadoeda - to become differentiated)

صفت‌ها

차등적이다 (chadeungjeogida - to be differential)

مرتبط

차이 (chai - difference)

등급 (deunggeup - grade/rank)

격차 (gyeokcha - gap)

차별 (chabyeol - discrimination)

서열 (seoyeol - hierarchy)

برای دیدن همه مثال‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

نحوه استفاده

frequency

Common in news, business, and academic writing. Rare in casual daily chat.

اشتباهات رایج

Using '차등' for 'discrimination'. → 차별 (Chabyeol)
'차등' is technical/systemic differentiation. '차별' is unfair prejudice. Don't use '차등' to describe social injustice like racism.
Using '차등' in casual talk for 'difference'. → 차이 (Chai)
If you just mean 'The two cars are different,' use '차이'. '차등' is too formal and implies a ranking system.
Saying '차등을 하다'. → 차등을 두다 / 차등 적용하다
'차등' is a noun. While '차등하다' exists, it sounds unnatural. Use the common verb phrases instead.
Forgetting the particle '에' or '에 따라'. → 성과에 따라 차등을 두다
You need to show the reason for the differentiation. Without '에 따라', the sentence feels incomplete.
Confusing '차등' with '격차'. → 격차 (for the gap itself)
If you want to say 'The gap between rich and poor is big,' use '격차'. '차등' is the system that causes it.

نکات

Use '에 따라'

Always pair '차등' with '에 따라' to specify the criteria. For example, '실력에 따라 차등을 둔다' (Make distinctions according to skill).

Chadeung vs. Chabyeol

Never use '차등' for racism or sexism. That is '차별'. Use '차등' for things like pay grades, tax brackets, and school levels.

Salary Talk

When discussing raises, '차등 인상' is the professional term. It sounds much better than saying 'everyone gets different amounts'.

Fairness

In Korea, '차등' is often seen as the key to 'fairness' (meritocracy). If everyone gets the same, it's '평등'; if people get what they deserve, it's '차등'.

Adjective Form

Use '차등적' (adjective) to describe benefits or treatment. '차등적 혜택' sounds very natural in formal writing.

Formal Situations

Use this word during job interviews or presentations to show you have a high level of vocabulary.

News Keywords

When you hear '차등' on the news, get ready to hear about a government policy that treats different groups differently.

Learn the Root

Remember 差 (Cha) means 'Difference'. You see it in '차이' (Chai) and '차별' (Chabyeol) too.

TOPIK Tip

This is a common word in TOPIK II reading passages about economics and society. Know the collocations!

Social Order

Understand that historical Korea was a '차등 사회' (hierarchical society). This word has deep roots.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Cha' as the 'Gap' (like a chasm) and 'Deung' as 'Degrees' or 'Grades.' Together, they create a 'Gap of Grades.'

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a staircase where each step is a different height and color, representing different levels of reward or status.

شبکه واژگان

차등 (Center) 성과급 (Bonus) 계급 (Rank) 요금 (Fee) 장학금 (Scholarship) 차별 (Antonym-ish) 평등 (Antonym) 시스템 (System)

چالش

Try to write three sentences using '차등을 두다' about: 1. A restaurant menu, 2. A school test, and 3. A government tax.

ریشه کلمه

Derived from Sino-Korean (Hanja). '차' (差) means difference, gap, or error. '등' (等) means rank, grade, class, or equal.

معنای اصلی: Originally referred to the different grades or ranks in a hierarchical system, particularly in the context of rituals or social status in ancient China and Korea.

Sino-Korean

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful not to use '차등' when you mean '차별' (discrimination). Using '차등' to describe racial or gender issues can sound like you are trying to justify them as 'logical systems,' which can be very offensive.

English speakers often use 'differentiation' or 'graded' to mean '차등.' In business, 'tiered pricing' or 'tiered benefits' is the closest equivalent to '차등 요금' or '차등 혜택.'

The 'Difference Principle' by John Rawls (translated as 차등의 원칙 in Korean philosophy). Performance-based pay systems (성과급 차등 지급) in major conglomerates like Samsung or Hyundai. The tiered social system in historical dramas (사극) often referred to as '차등적 신분제'.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Workplace/HR

성과급 차등 지급 (Differential bonus payment)
연봉 차등 인상 (Differential salary increase)
성과에 따라 차등을 두다 (Make a distinction based on results)
직급별 차등 대우 (Differential treatment by rank)

Government/Policy

차등 과세 제도 (Differential tax system)
소득별 차등 지원 (Differential support by income)
지역별 차등 적용 (Differential application by region)
차등 요금 부과 (Levying differential rates)

Education

수준별 차등 교육 (Level-based differentiated education)
장학금 차등 배분 (Differential scholarship allocation)
성적 차등화 (Grading/Ranking performance)
차등 평가 기준 (Differential evaluation criteria)

Customer Service

회원 등급별 차등 혜택 (Differential benefits by member grade)
차등 할인율 적용 (Applying differential discount rates)
서비스 차등화 전략 (Service differentiation strategy)
VIP 차등 대우 (VIP differential treatment)

Legal/Ethics

합리적 차등의 원칙 (Principle of rational differentiation)
형량의 차등 (Differentiation in sentencing)
차등 의결권 논란 (Controversy over differential voting rights)
권리와 의무의 차등 (Differentiation of rights and duties)

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"회사의 성과급 차등 지급 제도에 대해 어떻게 생각하세요? (What do you think about the company's differential performance bonus system?)"

"대학 등록금을 소득에 따라 차등 부과하는 것이 공정할까요? (Would it be fair to levy university tuition differentially according to income?)"

"우리 사회의 임금 차등이 너무 심하다고 느끼시나요? (Do you feel that the wage differentiation in our society is too severe?)"

"수준별 차등 교육이 학생들에게 도움이 될까요? (Would level-based differentiated education be helpful for students?)"

"정부의 보조금을 지역별로 차등 지원하는 정책에 찬성하시나요? (Do you agree with the policy of providing government subsidies differentially by region?)"

موضوعات نگارش

당신이 다니는 직장이나 학교에서 '차등'이 적용되는 사례를 적어보세요. 그것이 공정하다고 생각합니까? (Write about an instance where 'differentiation' is applied in your workplace or school. Do you think it is fair?)

'평등'과 '차등' 중 사회 발전에 더 중요한 가치는 무엇이라고 생각하는지 논하세요. (Discuss which value you think is more important for social development: 'equality' or 'differentiation'.)

만약 당신이 회사의 사장이라면, 직원들의 월급에 어떤 기준으로 차등을 두겠습니까? (If you were the CEO of a company, on what criteria would you differentiate your employees' salaries?)

한국의 '차등' 문화가 외국과 어떻게 다른지 비교해서 적어보세요. (Compare and write about how Korea's 'differentiation' culture differs from that of foreign countries.)

최근 뉴스에서 본 '차등 적용' 사례에 대해 자신의 의견을 정리해 보세요. (Summarize your opinion on a case of 'differential application' you recently saw in the news.)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Not necessarily, but it is usually neutral. It refers to a system. However, if people think the criteria for '차등' are unfair, they might criticize it. For example, if a company gives '차등' based on personal friendship rather than work results, it becomes a negative thing, often then called '차별'.

The best way is to use '차등 지급하다'. For example: '회사는 성과에 따라 보너스를 차등 지급했다' (The company paid bonuses differentially based on performance). You can also say '임금에 차등을 두다'.

Yes, but be careful. '사람을 차등 대우하다' means to treat people differently based on their rank or status. In a professional setting like a bank treating a VIP differently, it's normal. In a personal setting, it can sound cold or elitist.

It is 差 (차 - difference) and 等 (등 - grade/rank). Understanding these characters helps you remember that it's about making 'differences in rank'.

No. In biology, 'cell differentiation' is usually translated as '분화' (bunhwa). '차등' is used for systems, rules, and evaluations.

It is a 'differential pricing system.' For example, electricity might be cheaper at night and more expensive during the day. This is a classic example of '차등' applied to costs.

While grammatically possible, it's quite rare in modern Korean. It's much better to use '차등을 두다' or '차등화하다'.

'서열' (seoyeol) is the 'hierarchy' or 'ranking' itself (the order). '차등' is the 'act of making differences' based on that ranking. '서열' is the structure, '차등' is the application.

You won't use it to talk about your dinner, but you will see it on your utility bills, in your employment contract, and on the news every day. It's a 'high-frequency formal' word.

You can say '차등 없이' or '차별 없이'. '차등 없이' sounds more like 'regardless of level/rank,' while '차별 없이' sounds more like 'without prejudice'.

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