A1 Present Tense 6 min read آسان

آب و هوا با Estar: هوا گرم است (Está Quente)

برای توصیف آب و هوای الان، از فعل está به همراه یه صفت مثل quente (گرم) یا frio (سرد) استفاده کن.
علامت‌گذاری به عنوان یادگرفته
تمرین کن

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'estar' to describe temporary weather conditions like temperature, remembering that adjectives must agree with the implied subject.

  • Use 'estar' for temporary states: 'Está quente hoje' (It is hot today).
  • Adjectives must agree with the implied subject (usually masculine): 'Está nublado' (It is cloudy).
  • Use 'está' for the third person singular: 'Está frio' (It is cold).
☀️ Está + [Adjective (masc. sing.)]

مرور کلی

In Portuguese, you can't just translate it is directly when talking about the weather. The language requires you to be more specific about permanence versus condition. This is where the verb estar becomes essential.
Estar is used to describe temporary states, conditions, or locations. Since weather is, by its nature, constantly changing, estar is the primary verb you'll use to describe what's happening outside your window right now.
The core principle is that estar paints a picture of a temporary state. Think of it as a snapshot. When you say Está quente (It is hot), you're commenting on the condition of the weather at this particular moment or on this particular day.
This contrasts with the verb ser, which describes inherent, permanent characteristics. For example, you would say O deserto é seco (The desert is dry) because dryness is a defining, long-term feature of the desert. But to describe a specific dry day in a typically humid place, you'd use Hoje está seco (Today it is dry).
Mastering this distinction is a fundamental step toward sounding natural in Portuguese. For an A1 learner, using estar for weather is a high-impact skill. It unlocks the ability to engage in small talk, a universal social ritual, by accurately commenting on the day's atmospheric conditions.
The expression is impersonal, meaning the subject (it) is implied by the verb form, simplifying the structure for immediate use.

جدول صرف

Person ضمیر Present Tense Example (Not for Weather) Translation (Not for Weather)
:--- :--- :--- :--- :---
1st Person Singular Eu estou Eu estou em casa. I am at home.
3rd Person Singular Você / Ele / Ela está Ela está feliz. She is happy.
1st Person Plural Nós estamos Nós estamos atrasados. We are late.
3rd Person Plural Vocês / Eles / Elas estão Eles estão no Brasil. They are in Brazil.

این گرامر چطور کار می‌کنه

At its core, this pattern uses estar as a copular verb, also known as a linking verb. Its job is to connect an implied subject (the weather) to a predicate adjective that describes it. The structure is beautifully simple because Portuguese, as a pro-drop language, doesn't require an explicit subject pronoun when the context is clear.
The verb form está is sufficient to imply it is.
The underlying grammatical sentence is: [O tempo] + está + [adjetivo].
  • [O tempo] (The weather) is the implied subject.
  • está is the verb, conjugated for the singular subject.
  • [adjetivo] (adjective) is the description of the temporary state.
For example, in Está ensolarado (It is sunny), ensolarado is an adjective describing the current state of the weather. A crucial point of grammar here is adjective agreement. In Portuguese, adjectives must typically agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify.
However, in these impersonal weather expressions, the implied subject (o tempo or o clima) is masculine singular. Therefore, the adjective also takes its default masculine singular form.
Many weather adjectives are variable and end in -o:
  • nublado (cloudy)
  • chuvoso (rainy)
  • ventoso (windy)
Other common weather adjectives are invariable, meaning they have only one form for both masculine and feminine. These often end in a consonant or -e:
  • quente (hot)
  • frio (cold - this one ends in 'o' but is used for both genders in other contexts; here it follows the masculine singular rule)
  • fresco (cool/fresh)
  • agradável (pleasant)
So, you say Está quente and Está frio by default. This simplifies things greatly for A1 learners, as you don't have to worry about changing the adjective's ending in this specific context.

الگوی ساخت

1
The structure for describing weather with estar is consistent and easy to memorize. It consists of the verb está followed by an adjective. You can also add intensifiers to modulate the meaning, making your description more precise.
2
Core Formula: Está + [Weather Adjective]
3
To add emphasis or nuance, you can place an intensifier before the adjective.
4
Expanded Formula: Está + [Intensifier] + [Weather Adjective]
5
Here’s a table breaking down the pattern with common adjectives and intensifiers. Notice how the structure remains fixed.
6
| Component 1 | Intensifier (Optional) | Component 2 (Adjective) | Example | Translation |
7
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
8
| Está | | quente | Está quente. | It is hot. |
9
| Está | | frio | Está frio. | It is cold. |
10
| Está | muito | ensolarado | Está muito ensolarado. | It is very sunny. |
11
| Está | um pouco | nublado | Está um pouco nublado. | It is a little cloudy. |
12
| Está | bastante | úmido | Está bastante úmido. | It is quite humid. |
13
| Está | bem | fresco | Está bem fresco. | It is nice and cool. |
14
Common weather adjectives used in this pattern include:
15
abafado (stuffy, muggy)
16
agradável (pleasant)
17
chuvoso (rainy)
18
ensolarado (sunny)
19
fresco (cool, fresh)
20
frio (cold)
21
limpo (clear, as in a clear sky)
22
nublado (cloudy)
23
quente (hot)
24
seco (dry)
25
úmido (humid)
26
ventoso (windy)
27
This pattern provides a robust framework for the vast majority of your daily weather description needs.

کی استفاده کنیم

You should use the está + adjective pattern whenever you are describing the current, temporary condition of the weather. It's the right choice for what you can see or feel at a specific moment in time. This makes it incredibly useful in everyday conversations.
Use this pattern for:
  • Immediate Observations: When you look out the window or step outside. If you see dark clouds gathering, you can say, Nossa, está ficando nublado. (Wow, it's getting cloudy.) or simply Está nublado. (It's cloudy.).
  • **Answering

Conjugation of Estar (Present Indicative)

Person Verb Form
Eu
estou
Tu
estás
Ele/Ela/Você
está
Nós
estamos
Vós
estais
Eles/Elas/Vocês
estão

Meanings

The verb 'estar' is used to describe temporary conditions of the environment or weather.

1

Temperature

Describing how hot or cold the air feels.

“Está quente.”

“Está frio.”

2

Atmospheric conditions

Describing the state of the sky or visibility.

“Está nublado.”

“Está ensolarado.”

Reference Table

Reference table for آب و هوا با Estar: هوا گرم است (Está Quente)
پرتغالی فارسی نوع حس و حال
Está quente
گرم است
صفت
عرق کردن تو ریو
Está frio
سرد است
صفت
زمستان لیسبون
Está nublado
ابری است
صفت
حال و هوای آسمان خاکستری
Está abafado
گرم و گرفته است
صفت
نیاز به کولر
Está limpo
صاف و آفتابی است
صفت
روز عالی ساحلی
Está chuvoso
بارانی است
صفت
حال و هوای نتفلیکس
Está ventoso
بادی است
صفت
روز بدترین حالت مو

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
Está uma temperatura elevada.

Está uma temperatura elevada. (Describing heat)

خنثی
Está muito quente.

Está muito quente. (Describing heat)

غیر رسمی
Está um calorão!

Está um calorão! (Describing heat)

عامیانه
Tá um forno!

Tá um forno! (Describing heat)

صفت‌های آب و هوایی با Estar

Está

دما

  • quente گرم
  • frio سرد

آسمان

  • nublado ابری
  • limpo صاف

مقایسه Estar و Faz

Está + صفت
Está ensolarado آفتابی است
Está frio سرد است
Faz + اسم
Faz sol خورشید هست (آفتابیه)
Faz frio سرد است (عمل سرما)

چطور آب و هوا رو توصیف کنیم؟

1

آیا وضعیت موقتی است؟

YES
از Estar استفاده کن
NO
از Ser استفاده کن (به ندرت برای آب و هوا)
2

آیا از صفت استفاده می‌کنی؟

YES
Está + صفت (مثلاً nublado)
NO ↓

سناریوهای آب و هوای روزانه

🏖️

روز ساحلی

  • • Está ensolarado
  • • Está quente
  • • Está lindo
❄️

صبح زمستانی

  • • Está gelado
  • • Está frio
  • • Está cinzento
برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

Está quente hoje.

It is hot today.

2

Está frio aqui.

It is cold here.

3

Está nublado.

It is cloudy.

4

Está ensolarado.

It is sunny.

1

Não está chovendo agora.

It is not raining now.

2

Está muito frio, né?

It is very cold, isn't it?

3

Como está o tempo lá?

How is the weather there?

4

Está ventando bastante.

It is quite windy.

1

Embora esteja nublado, não vai chover.

Although it is cloudy, it won't rain.

2

O tempo está mudando rapidamente.

The weather is changing quickly.

3

Está um dia perfeito para a praia.

It is a perfect day for the beach.

4

Está abafado hoje, sinto que vai chover.

It is muggy today, I feel it will rain.

1

O clima está instável devido à frente fria.

The weather is unstable due to the cold front.

2

Está um tempo de cachorro lá fora.

It is miserable weather outside.

3

Está previsto que esteja ensolarado amanhã.

It is forecast to be sunny tomorrow.

4

Está um calor insuportável nesta sala.

It is unbearable heat in this room.

1

Está um cenário desolador sob este céu cinzento.

It is a desolate scene under this gray sky.

2

Está um clima propício para reflexões.

It is weather conducive to reflection.

3

Está um tempo incerto que nos deixa apreensivos.

It is uncertain weather that makes us apprehensive.

4

Está um dia de calmaria após a tempestade.

It is a day of calm after the storm.

1

Está um tempo que convida ao recolhimento.

It is weather that invites introspection.

2

Está um clima atípico para esta época do ano.

It is atypical weather for this time of year.

3

Está um dia de sol radiante, digno de nota.

It is a day of radiant sun, worthy of note.

4

Está um tempo que oscila entre o rigor e a brandura.

It is weather that oscillates between harshness and mildness.

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

Weather with Estar: It is Hot (Está Quente) در مقابل Estar vs Ser

Learners use 'ser' for temporary states.

Weather with Estar: It is Hot (Está Quente) در مقابل Estar vs Fazer

Learners don't know when to use nouns vs adjectives.

Weather with Estar: It is Hot (Está Quente) در مقابل Gerund vs Infinitive

Learners use the wrong verb form for continuous action.

اشتباهات رایج

✗

É quente.

✓

Está quente.

Use estar for temporary states.
✗

Está nublada.

✓

Está nublado.

Weather adjectives must be masculine.
✗

Está chove.

✓

Está chovendo.

Use the gerund for ongoing action.
✗

É nublado.

✓

Está nublado.

Weather is not a permanent trait.
✗

Está muito nublado hoje, não é?

✓

Está muito nublado hoje, né?

Use 'né' for informal tag questions.
✗

Como é o tempo?

✓

Como está o tempo?

Use estar for current weather.
✗

Está frio lá fora.

✓

Está frio lá fora.

Correct, but ensure pronunciation of 'frio'.
✗

O tempo é bom hoje.

✓

O tempo está bom hoje.

Again, temporary state.
✗

Está chover.

✓

Está chovendo.

Use gerund in BR-PT.
✗

Está um calor.

✓

Está calor.

Avoid unnecessary articles.
✗

Está um clima que me faz triste.

✓

Está um clima que me deixa triste.

Use 'deixar' for emotional impact.
✗

O clima está ser instável.

✓

O clima está instável.

No need for 'ser' here.
✗

Está um tempo de cão.

✓

Está um tempo de cachorro.

Regional idiom differences.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

Hoje ___ ___.

Não ___ ___ agora.

___ ___ o tempo aí?

Embora ___ ___, vou sair.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Tá chovendo aí?

Weather App very common

Está parcialmente nublado.

Job Interview common

Está um dia agradável, não é?

Travel common

Está muito frio em Lisboa?

Food Delivery common

Está chovendo, o entregador vai demorar.

Social Media very common

Está um sol lindo hoje! #praia

برای دیدن همه مثال‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید
🎯

میانبر "Tá"

توی پرتغالی برزیلی روزمره، کسی Está نمیگه. همه میگن «Tá». تمرین کن بگی Tá quente! تا مثل بومی‌ها حرف بزنی.
⚠️

اسم یا صفت؟

این دو تا رو قاطی نکن. Está nublado (صفت) درسته. Está nuvem (اسم) غلطه. اگه خواستی اسم بیاری بگو Está com nuvens.
💬

صحبت روزمره در آسانسور

برزیلی‌ها برای پر کردن سکوت تو آسانسور از آب و هوا حرف می‌زنن.
Está abafado hoje, né?
(امروز هوا گرفته، نه؟) یه شروع مکالمه کلاسیکه.

Smart Tips

Always check if you are using an adjective or a noun.

Faz quente. → Está quente.

Use 'tá' to sound like a local.

Está frio. → Tá frio.

Add 'né' to the end.

Está frio? → Está frio, né?

Use the gerund.

Está chuva. → Está chovendo.

تلفظ

es-TAH

Está

The 's' at the end of 'está' is often pronounced as 'sh' in many Brazilian dialects.

Question

Está quente? ↑

Rising intonation for yes/no questions.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Estar is for the 'E' in Environment. If the weather is changing, use Estar.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a thermometer that is constantly moving up and down. Because it moves, it is 'Estar'.

Rhyme

Se o tempo muda e não para, use sempre o verbo Estar.

Story

Maria woke up. She looked out the window. 'Está nublado', she said. She checked the thermometer. 'Está frio'. She decided to stay inside.

شبکه واژگان

quentefrionubladoensolaradochuvosoventando

چالش

Look out your window right now and say the weather in Portuguese out loud.

نکات فرهنگی

Brazilians often use 'tá' instead of 'está' in casual speech.

In Portugal, 'está a chover' is the standard form for continuous action.

In the Northeast of Brazil, 'calor' is often used with 'fazer' more than 'estar'.

Both 'ser' and 'estar' come from Latin 'esse' and 'stare'.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

“

Como está o tempo hoje?

“

Está frio aí?

“

O que você faz quando está chovendo?

“

Você acha que o clima está mudando?

موضوعات نگارش

Describe the weather today.
Compare the weather in your city to a tropical city.
Write about your favorite season.
Reflect on climate change and local weather.

اشتباهات رایج

Incorrect

صحیح

Incorrect

صحیح

Incorrect

صحیح

Incorrect

صحیح

Sign up free to see all tips

Test Yourself

جای خالی رو با شکل صحیح فعل برای آب و هوا پر کن.

Hoje ______ muito ensolarado.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: está
برای وضعیت‌های موقتی آب و هوا مثل آفتابی بودن، از está استفاده می‌کنیم.
کدوم جمله به درستی وضعیت ابری بودن هوا رو توصیف می‌کنه؟ چند گزینه‌ای

گزینه درست رو انتخاب کن:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O dia está nublado.
از estar برای وضعیت فعلی آب و هوا و از nublado به عنوان صفت استفاده میشه.
اشتباه جمله درباره هوای سرد رو پیدا کن. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

O tempo é muito frio agora.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O tempo está muito frio agora.
وضعیت‌های آب و هوایی موقتی هستن، پس está باید جایگزین «é» بشه.

Score: /3

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

___ quente hoje.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Está
Estar is for temporary states.
Choose the correct sentence. چند گزینه‌ای

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Está nublado.
Adjective must be masculine.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

É frio hoje.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Está frio hoje.
Use estar for temporary weather.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

hoje / está / quente

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: está quente hoje
Standard word order.
Translate to Portuguese. ترجمه

It is sunny.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Está ensolarado.
Estar + adjective.
Match the weather. جفت کردن

Match: Hot, Cold, Cloudy

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Quente, Frio, Nublado
Correct vocabulary.
Conjugate Estar. Conjugation Drill

Eu ___ (estar) com frio.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: estou
First person singular.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Como está o tempo? B: ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Está chovendo.
Correct verb usage.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
جمله رو کامل کن. پر کردن جای خالی

Agora ______ um pouco frio lá fora.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: está
کلمات رو به ترتیب درست بچین. Sentence Reorder

quente / hoje / está / muito

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Está muito quente hoje
به پرتغالی ترجمه کن. ترجمه

It is very cloudy.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Está muito nublado.
راه درست پرسیدن "آیا گرمه؟" رو انتخاب کن. چند گزینه‌ای

How do you ask 'Is it hot?'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Está quente?
اصطلاحات رو با ترجمه‌هاشون جفت کن. جفت کردن

Match the terms:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Hot:Quente, Cold:Frio, Cloudy:Nublado, Clear:Limpo
خطای تطابق رو اصلاح کن. Error Correction

A noite está frio.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A noite está fria.
جای خالی رو پر کن. پر کردن جای خالی

O céu ______ limpo hoje.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: está
کدوم یکی صفت هست؟ چند گزینه‌ای

Select the weather adjective:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ensolarado
کلمات رو به ترتیب درست بچین. Sentence Reorder

frio / não / em / está / Lisboa

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Não está frio em Lisboa
ترجمه "It is rainy". ترجمه

It is rainy.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Está chuvoso.

Score: /10

سوالات متداول (8)

No, 'ser' is for permanent traits. Weather is temporary, so use 'estar'.

It refers to 'o tempo' (the weather), which is masculine.

Yes, it is the common colloquial form of 'está'.

You can use 'fazer' with nouns (e.g., 'faz calor'), but 'estar' with adjectives is also common.

Use 'Como está o tempo?'.

Use 'Está chovendo' (BR) or 'Está a chover' (EU).

Yes, that is correct because 'quente' modifies 'dia' (masculine).

It is neutral. Use it in any situation.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

برای تمرین رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

In Other Languages

Spanish high

Está

Very few differences.

French low

Il fait

French uses 'faire' + noun, not 'estar' + adjective.

German moderate

Es ist

German doesn't distinguish between permanent/temporary.

Japanese low

Desu

Japanese does not conjugate for person.

Arabic low

Jau

Arabic often omits the verb 'to be' in the present.

Chinese none

Tianqi

Chinese has no verb conjugation.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
آب و هوا با 'Fazer' (آفتاب می‌سازد)

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