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B1 adjective 10 دقیقه مطالعه

정신적

jeongsinjeok

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 정신적 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 정신적 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use '정신적' often, but you might hear it in very simple contexts. Think of it as the word for 'mind' or 'mental'. At this stage, you are mostly learning about the body (육체), so '정신적' is just the opposite. It's like saying 'not my body, but my head/feelings'. You might see it in simple health tips like '정신 건강' (mental health). Just remember that '정신' means mind. It's a big word for a beginner, but knowing it helps you understand that Korean has different words for physical things and thinking things. You won't be expected to use it in sentences yet, but recognizing it in a doctor's office or a simple book is a great start. Focus on the '정신' part, which you also see in '정신 차려!' (Wake up! / Pull yourself together!).

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At the A2 level, you can start using '정신적' in basic sentences to describe how you feel. You might say '정신적으로 힘들어요' (I am mentally tired) when you have too much homework. This is a very useful phrase because it tells people you aren't physically sick, but your mind is tired. You can also use it with '건강' (health) to say '정신적 건강이 중요해요' (Mental health is important). At this level, you are learning to differentiate between '몸' (body) and '정신' (mind). You should try to remember that '-적' makes it an adjective. If you see '정신적', look for the noun that comes after it. It's usually something like '스트레스' (stress) or '문제' (problem). Learning this word helps you talk about more than just 'I am hungry' or 'I am tall'; it lets you talk about your inner feelings.

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At the B1 level, '정신적' becomes a core part of your vocabulary. You should be able to use it to discuss social issues, personal growth, and health in more detail. You can use collocations like '정신적 충격' (mental shock) to describe a reaction to bad news, or '정신적 지주' (mental pillar) to talk about someone you rely on. You should also understand the difference between '정신적' and '심리적' (psychological). At this stage, you might read news articles about '정신적 피해' (mental damage) or '정신적 피로' (mental fatigue). You are now moving beyond simple feelings and into the realm of abstract concepts. Using '정신적으로' as an adverb is also expected, such as in '그는 정신적으로 아주 강한 사람이에요' (He is a very mentally strong person). This word allows you to have deeper, more meaningful conversations with Korean speakers.

At the B2 level, you should use '정신적' with precision and nuance. You understand that it can mean 'spiritual' as well as 'mental'. You can discuss '정신적 가치' (spiritual/mental values) versus '물질적 가치' (material values). In debates or essays, you can use it to argue about '정신적 유산' (cultural/spiritual heritage) or the '정신적 노동' (intellectual labor) involved in modern jobs. You should be comfortable with the word in formal settings, like a business meeting or a university lecture. You also understand that '정신적' is a more sophisticated way to talk about the mind than using simple words like '생각' (thought) or '마음' (heart). Your ability to use this word in various forms (adjective, adverb, noun-modifier) shows that you can handle the complexities of Korean abstract vocabulary.

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At the C1 level, '정신적' is used in highly specialized and academic contexts. You might use it to discuss '정신적 외상' (psychological trauma/PTSD) in a clinical sense or '정신적 자유' (spiritual freedom) in a philosophical discussion. You can analyze literature and describe a character's '정신적 변환' (mental transformation). You are aware of the historical and cultural connotations of the word '정신' in Korea, such as '선비 정신' (the scholar spirit). You can use the word to describe complex societal phenomena, like the '정신적 공황' (mental panic/breakdown) of a generation. At this level, your use of '정신적' is indistinguishable from a native speaker, and you can switch between its various nuances (mental, spiritual, intellectual) depending on the context without any hesitation.

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of '정신적' and its place in the Korean linguistic landscape. You can use it in legal arguments regarding '정신적 고통에 대한 위자료' (alimony/compensation for mental suffering) or in deep theological discussions about the '정신적 세계' (spiritual world). You understand the subtle interplay between '정신' (spirit), '혼' (soul), and '백' (body-spirit) in traditional Korean thought. You can write eloquent essays about the '정신적 위기' (spiritual crisis) of modern humanity. You are also sensitive to the word's potential for misuse in sensitive topics and can navigate those conversations with extreme tact. For you, '정신적' is not just a vocabulary word; it is a tool for expressing the most profound aspects of human existence, culture, and history in the Korean language.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

정신적 در ۳۰ ثانیه

정신적 refers to anything mental or spiritual, distinct from physical or material things.
It is commonly used with nouns like health (건강), stress (스트레스), and support (지주).
The adverbial form 정신적으로 means 'mentally' or 'spiritually' and describes how one feels.
It is a formal and respectful way to discuss emotional and psychological states in Korean.

The Korean word 정신적 (Jeong-sin-jeok) is an essential adjective used to describe things related to the mind, spirit, or psychological state. It is the direct counterpart to 육체적 (yuk-che-jeok), which means physical or bodily. Understanding this word requires looking at its two components: 정신 (jeong-sin) meaning 'mind' or 'spirit', and the suffix 적 (-jeok), which functions like the English suffixes '-al', '-ic', or '-ive', turning a noun into an adjective or a determinative. In daily life, Koreans use this word to discuss everything from mental health and stress to spiritual maturity and intellectual labor. It is a word that transcends simple 'thinking' and dives into the essence of human consciousness and emotional stability.

Core Concept: Relating to the non-physical aspects of a person, including thoughts, emotions, and the soul.

요즘 업무 때문에 정신적 스트레스가 너무 커요. (These days, the mental stress due to work is too great.)

The word is frequently used in medical, psychological, and philosophical contexts. For example, when discussing 'mental health' (정신적 건강), it implies a state of being where one's thoughts and emotions are balanced. In a more abstract sense, it can refer to 'spiritual' support. If someone says a person is their '정신적 지주' (mental pillar), they mean that person provides the emotional and psychological strength needed to endure hardships. This highlights how the word covers both the clinical aspect of the mind and the more poetic aspect of the human spirit. It is not just about logic; it is about the entire internal world of a human being.

Usage in Media: Often seen in news headlines regarding '정신적 피해 보상' (compensation for mental damages) in legal disputes.

그는 나에게 정신적으로 큰 힘이 되어 주었다. (He became a great source of mental strength for me.)

Furthermore, '정신적' is used to describe the maturity of an individual. '정신적 성숙' (mental maturity) refers to the growth of one's character and wisdom rather than physical aging. In modern Korean society, where high-pressure environments are common, discussions surrounding '정신적 웰빙' (mental well-being) have become increasingly prominent. This word is the gateway to discussing the internal struggles and triumphs that define the human experience in Korea today.

Contrast: While '심리적' (psychological) is more scientific or focused on specific behaviors, '정신적' is broader and can include the 'soul' or 'will'.

우리는 정신적 가치를 소중히 여겨야 합니다. (We must value spiritual/mental values.)

Using 정신적 correctly involves understanding its role as a modifier. Since it ends with the suffix '-적', it almost always precedes a noun to describe a quality of that noun. It doesn't usually take the subject or object particles directly unless it's functioning as a noun itself (though '정신' is more common for that). When you use it, you are categorizing the following noun as belonging to the realm of the mind. Common pairings include words for health, pain, growth, and support. It is versatile enough to be used in formal reports, heart-to-heart conversations, and literary works.

Common Collocation 1: 정신적 건강 (Mental Health): Focuses on the overall state of one's mind.

운동은 육체적 건강뿐만 아니라 정신적 건강에도 좋습니다. (Exercise is good for mental health as well as physical health.)

Another frequent usage is with the adverbial suffix '-으로' to form 정신적으로. This shifts the meaning to 'mentally' or 'spiritually'. This is used to describe how an action is performed or how a state is experienced. For example, '정신적으로 힘들다' means to be mentally exhausted or going through a hard time emotionally. This is a very common phrase among students and office workers in Korea who are dealing with high levels of competition and social pressure. It allows for a nuanced expression of fatigue that isn't about the body needing sleep, but the mind needing rest.

Common Collocation 2: 정신적 충격 (Mental Shock/Trauma): Used for sudden psychological distress.

그 사고는 그녀에게 큰 정신적 충격을 주었습니다. (That accident gave her a huge mental shock.)

In more formal or academic settings, '정신적' might be paired with '유산' (heritage) or '가치' (value). '정신적 유산' refers to the intellectual or spiritual legacy left by ancestors, such as philosophies, traditions, or a national spirit. This shows the word's capacity to handle heavy, abstract topics. When you use '정신적' in these contexts, it elevates the tone of the conversation, indicating that you are discussing something profound and intrinsic to human identity rather than something superficial or material.

Common Collocation 3: 정신적 지주 (Mental Pillar): A person who provides emotional stability.

할머니는 우리 가족의 정신적 지주이셨습니다. (Grandmother was the mental pillar of our family.)

You will encounter 정신적 in a wide variety of real-world scenarios in Korea. One of the most common places is in the media, specifically in news reports or documentaries focusing on social issues. When reporters discuss the 'burnout syndrome' affecting young professionals, they often use the term '정신적 피로' (mental fatigue) to describe the exhaustion that comes from long hours and high expectations. Similarly, in the entertainment industry, K-pop idols or actors might release statements saying they are taking a break due to '정신적 건강' reasons, highlighting the importance of mental well-being in a high-stakes environment.

Context: Healthcare: In hospitals and clinics, doctors use '정신적' to differentiate between psychosomatic symptoms and purely physical ones.

의사는 환자의 정신적 안정이 우선이라고 말했습니다. (The doctor said the patient's mental stability is the priority.)

In the workplace, HR departments and management might discuss '정신적 보상' (non-monetary/mental rewards). This doesn't mean a paycheck, but rather the sense of accomplishment, recognition, and personal growth an employee feels. In a culture that is increasingly looking beyond just material success, '정신적 만족감' (mental satisfaction) is a hot topic. You'll hear people debating whether a high salary is worth the '정신적 스트레스' it entails. This reflects a significant shift in Korean societal values from purely economic growth to a more holistic view of life quality.

Context: Education: Teachers often discuss the '정신적 성장' (mental growth) of students, focusing on their character development.

아이들은 다양한 경험을 통해 정신적으로 성숙해집니다. (Children mature mentally through various experiences.)

Lastly, you'll hear it in deep, personal conversations between friends. When someone is going through a breakup or a loss, a friend might say, '정신적으로 많이 힘들지?' (It's mentally very tough, right?). This acknowledges the invisible weight the person is carrying. In Korean culture, which historically valued 'Chemyeon' (saving face) and suppressing emotions, the open use of '정신적' to validate emotional pain is a sign of modern progress and increased empathy. It serves as a bridge between the clinical and the personal, allowing for a comprehensive discussion of the human condition.

Context: Philosophy: Discussing '정신적 자유' (spiritual/mental freedom) is common in literary and philosophical circles.

진정한 자유는 정신적인 것에서 시작됩니다. (True freedom begins with the spiritual/mental.)

While 정신적 is a common word, learners often make specific errors in its application. The most frequent mistake is confusing it with 심리적 (sim-ri-jeok), which means 'psychological'. While they overlap, '심리적' is more about the scientific study of the mind or specific psychological mechanisms. For example, '심리적 요인' (psychological factors) sounds more technical, whereas '정신적 요인' sounds more general. If you are talking about someone's soul or general state of mind, '정신적' is usually the safer bet. Using '심리적' in a spiritual context would sound cold and clinical.

Mistake 1: Overuse in Emotional Contexts: Using '정신적' when '마음' (heart/mind) is more natural for personal feelings.

Incorrect: 정신적이 아파요. (My 'mental' hurts.)
Correct: 마음이 아파요. (My heart hurts / I am sad.)

Another mistake involves the grammatical placement of the word. Since '정신적' is a determinative adjective, it must modify a noun. You cannot simply say '그는 매우 정신적이다' (He is very mental/spiritual) in the same way you might in English. Instead, you must say '그는 정신적으로 성숙하다' (He is mentally mature) or '그는 정신적인 사람이다' (He is a spiritual person). The '-적' ending creates a specific grammatical category that doesn't always map 1:1 with English adjectives. Learners often forget to add the particle '-인' when they want to use it as a predicate with '이다'.

Mistake 2: Confusing with '지적' (Intellectual): Learners sometimes use '정신적' when talking about IQ or academic intelligence.

Incorrect: 그는 정신적 능력이 뛰어나요. (He has great mental/spiritual ability - sounds like psychic powers).
Correct: 그는 지적 능력이 뛰어나요. (He has great intellectual ability.)

Lastly, be careful with the word 정신 (jeong-sin) on its own. While '정신적' is neutral, calling someone '정신 나간' (mind-out) or saying they have '정신 문제' (mental problems) without the '-적' can be highly offensive or slangy. '정신적' provides a level of formal distance that makes the conversation respectful. Using the noun alone in a medical context can sound blunt and rude. Always lean towards the adjective form '정신적' or '정신 건강' when you want to be polite and professional about sensitive topics.

To truly master 정신적, you must know how it compares to its synonyms and related terms. Each word has a specific 'register' and 'flavor' that changes the meaning of a sentence. Understanding these nuances will help you sound more like a native speaker and less like a textbook. The most common alternatives are 심리적, 내면적, and 영적. While they all deal with things that aren't physical, their focus areas differ significantly.

정신적 vs. 심리적 (Psychological): '정신적' is broad (mind + spirit), while '심리적' is specific to the mechanics of the mind and emotions.

정신적 고통 (Mental pain - general) vs. 심리적 불안 (Psychological anxiety - specific state).

Another important word is 내면적 (nae-myeon-jeok), which means 'inner' or 'internal'. This word is often used in literature or when discussing a person's private thoughts that they don't show to others. While '정신적' can be observed through behavior (like mental health), '내면적' specifically emphasizes the hidden, deep part of a person's character. If you want to talk about someone's 'inner beauty', you would use '내면적인 아름다움', not '정신적인 아름다움' (which would sound like they have a beautiful mind/intellect).

정신적 vs. 정서적 (Emotional): '정서적' focuses purely on feelings and moods, whereas '정신적' includes logic, will, and consciousness.

정서적 안정 (Emotional stability) vs. 정신적 성숙 (Mental/Spiritual maturity).

In a professional context, you might also hear 무형적 (mu-hyeong-jeok), meaning 'intangible'. This is used in business or economics to describe assets that aren't physical, like '정신적 자산' (mental/intellectual assets). However, '정신적' is much more common in daily speech. Choosing the right word depends on whether you want to sound clinical (심리적), poetic (내면적), religious (영적), or general (정신적). For most B1-B2 learners, mastering '정신적' and '심리적' is the highest priority as they appear most frequently in news and conversation.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The root '정신' (精神) was historically used in East Asian philosophy to describe the vital essence of life and the divine spark within humans.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK t͡ɕʌ̹ŋ.ɕʰin.t͡ɕʌ̹k̚

US t͡ɕʌ̹ŋ.ɕʰin.t͡ɕʌ̹k̚

The stress is even, but the final syllable '적' is often pronounced shorter and sharper.

هم‌قافیه با

인위적 (in-wi-jeok) 사회적 (sa-hoe-jeok) 문화적 (mun-hwa-jeok) 경제적 (gyeong-je-jeok) 개인적 (gae-in-jeok) 열정적 (yeol-jeong-jeok) 긍정적 (geung-jeong-jeok) 부정적 (bu-jeong-jeok)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing '신' as 'sin' without the slight 'sh' sound (it should be between 'sin' and 'shin').
Making the 'eo' sound in '정' too much like 'o'.
Failing to pronounce the final 'k' sound in '적' as a stop.
Over-emphasizing the '적' like 'jeok-uh'.
Confusing the pitch accent in certain dialects.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

Common in news and books, but requires knowledge of Hanja-based words.

نوشتن 4/5

Requires understanding of the '-적' suffix and how to use it as a modifier.

صحبت کردن 3/5

Frequently used in daily life to express stress or maturity.

گوش دادن 2/5

Clear pronunciation, usually easy to catch in context.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

정신 (Mind) 몸 (Body) 건강 (Health) 힘들다 (To be hard) 사람 (Person)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

육체적 (Physical) 심리적 (Psychological) 물질적 (Material) 사회적 (Social) 경제적 (Economic)

پیشرفته

정신분석학 (Psychoanalysis) 정신외상 (Trauma) 자아존중감 (Self-esteem) 정체성 (Identity)

گرامر لازم

The suffix '-적' (-jeok)

정신 (Mind) -> 정신적 (Mental)

Adverbial suffix '-으로' with '-적' words

정신적 + 으로 = 정신적으로 (Mentally)

Noun modification with '-인'

정신적인 문제 (A mental problem)

Contrastive particle '뿐만 아니라'

육체적뿐만 아니라 정신적으로도 중요하다.

Causative '주다' with '충격'

정신적 충격을 주다 (To give a mental shock).

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

정신 건강이 중요해요.

Mental health is important.

정신 (mind) + 건강 (health). Simple noun-noun compound.

정신 차리세요!

Wake up! / Snap out of it!

A common idiom using the root '정신'.

그는 정신이 없어요.

He is very busy / He is out of his mind.

Idiomatic expression meaning someone is scattered or overwhelmed.

정신적 스트레스가 있어요.

I have mental stress.

정신적 (mental) modifying 스트레스 (stress).

몸과 정신은 연결되어 있어요.

Body and mind are connected.

Comparing '몸' (body) and '정신' (mind).

정신적인 힘이 필요해요.

I need mental strength.

정신적인 (mental) using the '-인' modifier form.

이것은 정신적 문제예요.

This is a mental problem.

Using '정신적' to categorize a '문제' (problem).

정신적으로 쉬고 싶어요.

I want to rest mentally.

정신적으로 (mentally) used as an adverb.

공부가 너무 많아서 정신적으로 힘들어요.

I have so much to study that I'm mentally exhausted.

Adverbial form '정신적으로' describing the state '힘들다'.

정신적 건강을 위해 운동을 해요.

I exercise for my mental health.

Using '위해' (for the sake of) with '정신적 건강'.

어머니는 저의 정신적 지주예요.

My mother is my mental pillar (support).

'정신적 지주' is a common metaphor for emotional support.

여행은 정신적 안정에 도움을 줍니다.

Traveling helps with mental stability.

'정신적 안정' (mental stability) as a benefit of travel.

그 영화는 큰 정신적 충격을 주었어요.

That movie gave me a big mental shock.

'정신적 충격' is used for psychological impact/trauma.

우리는 정신적으로 성장해야 합니다.

We must grow mentally.

'성장하다' (to grow) modified by '정신적으로'.

정신적 스트레스를 조심하세요.

Be careful of mental stress.

Imperative form '조심하세요' with '정신적 스트레스'.

친구 덕분에 정신적으로 회복되었어요.

Thanks to my friend, I've recovered mentally.

'회복되다' (to be recovered) modified by '정신적으로'.

현대인들은 많은 정신적 고통을 겪고 있습니다.

Modern people are experiencing a lot of mental suffering.

'겪다' (to undergo/experience) is often used with '정신적 고통'.

정신적 가치가 물질적 가치보다 더 중요할 때가 있습니다.

There are times when mental values are more important than material values.

Comparison between '정신적 가치' and '물질적 가치'.

그 사고 이후 그는 정신적 치료를 받고 있어요.

Since that accident, he has been receiving mental treatment.

'정신적 치료' refers to therapy or psychiatric care.

어려운 상황에서도 정신적 여유를 잃지 마세요.

Don't lose your mental composure (room/leisure) even in difficult situations.

'정신적 여유' means having 'space' in one's mind to stay calm.

아이들의 정신적 발달을 위해 책을 많이 읽어주세요.

Please read many books for the mental development of children.

'정신적 발달' refers to cognitive and emotional development.

정신적으로 성숙한 사람은 화를 잘 참습니다.

A mentally mature person is good at controlling their anger.

'정신적으로 성숙한' acts as a complex adjective for '사람'.

그는 팀의 정신적 리더 역할을 하고 있습니다.

He is playing the role of the team's mental leader.

'정신적 리더' is someone who leads by spirit and morale.

정신적 보상이 돈보다 더 큰 동기부여가 됩니다.

Mental rewards provide greater motivation than money.

'정신적 보상' refers to satisfaction and pride.

정신적 피해에 대한 보상을 요구할 수 있습니다.

You can demand compensation for mental damages.

Legal term: '정신적 피해 보상' (compensation for mental damage).

그 작가는 작품을 통해 정신적 자유를 갈망했습니다.

The author yearned for spiritual freedom through their work.

'정신적 자유' (spiritual/mental freedom) is a deep literary theme.

우리는 조상들의 정신적 유산을 잘 보존해야 합니다.

We must well preserve the spiritual heritage of our ancestors.

'정신적 유산' refers to intangible cultural heritage.

급격한 사회 변화는 사람들에게 정신적 혼란을 줍니다.

Rapid social change causes mental confusion for people.

'정신적 혼란' (mental confusion/turmoil) resulting from change.

정신적 노동이 육체적 노동만큼이나 힘들 수 있습니다.

Mental labor can be just as difficult as physical labor.

Comparison between '정신적 노동' and '육체적 노동'.

그는 정신적으로 한계에 도달한 것처럼 보였습니다.

He looked as if he had reached his mental limit.

'정신적으로 한계' refers to the point of total burnout.

명상은 정신적 에너지를 회복하는 좋은 방법입니다.

Meditation is a good way to restore mental energy.

'정신적 에너지' is the mental focus and drive one has.

정신적 만족감이 삶의 질을 결정합니다.

Mental satisfaction determines the quality of life.

'정신적 만족감' is the feeling of being content inside.

이 철학은 인간의 정신적 본질을 탐구합니다.

This philosophy explores the mental/spiritual essence of humans.

Academic usage: '정신적 본질' (mental/spiritual essence).

전쟁은 국민 전체에게 깊은 정신적 외상을 남겼습니다.

The war left a deep mental trauma on the entire nation.

Clinical/Sociological term: '정신적 외상' (psychological trauma).

그의 연설은 청중들에게 정신적 각성을 촉구했습니다.

His speech urged a mental awakening in the audience.

'정신적 각성' refers to a spiritual or intellectual awakening.

현대 사회의 병폐는 정신적 빈곤에서 비롯됩니다.

The ills of modern society stem from mental poverty.

'정신적 빈곤' (mental poverty) means lack of values or purpose.

예술은 정신적 풍요로움을 선사하는 매개체입니다.

Art is a medium that provides spiritual/mental richness.

'정신적 풍요로움' is the opposite of '정신적 빈곤'.

정신적 지평을 넓히기 위해 다양한 분야의 책을 읽으세요.

Read books in various fields to broaden your mental horizon.

Metaphorical usage: '정신적 지평' (mental horizon/perspective).

기술의 발전이 인간의 정신적 가치를 위협해서는 안 됩니다.

The development of technology must not threaten human spiritual values.

Ethical discussion context: '정신적 가치' (spiritual values).

그는 정신적으로 고립된 상태에서 창작 활동을 이어갔습니다.

He continued his creative activities in a state of mental isolation.

'정신적으로 고립된' (mentally isolated) describes a psychological state.

포스트모더니즘은 전통적인 정신적 가치 체계에 의문을 제기합니다.

Postmodernism questions traditional mental/spiritual value systems.

High-level academic analysis of '정신적 가치 체계'.

정신적 위안을 찾기 위해 종교에 귀의하는 사람들이 늘고 있습니다.

An increasing number of people are turning to religion to find spiritual solace.

'정신적 위안' (spiritual solace/comfort) is a formal expression.

인간의 의식은 정신적 작용의 복합적인 결과물입니다.

Human consciousness is a complex product of mental processes.

Scientific/Philosophical term: '정신적 작용' (mental operation/process).

그 논문은 정신적 외상 후 스트레스 장애의 기전을 분석했습니다.

The paper analyzed the mechanism of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.

Full medical term for PTSD: '정신적 외상 후 스트레스 장애'.

정신적 지주가 부재한 사회는 쉽게 무너질 수 있습니다.

A society lacking a spiritual pillar can easily collapse.

Sociopolitical commentary using '정신적 지주'.

그의 철학은 정신적 실체와 물질적 실체의 이원론을 바탕으로 합니다.

His philosophy is based on the dualism of mental and physical substance.

Metaphysical term: '정신적 실체' (mental substance).

정신적 풍요가 담보되지 않은 물질적 번영은 공허할 뿐입니다.

Material prosperity without guaranteed spiritual richness is merely empty.

Sophisticated sentence structure using '담보되지 않은'.

정신적으로 승화된 예술 작품은 시대를 초월하는 생명력을 가집니다.

Artworks that are mentally sublimated possess a vitality that transcends eras.

'정신적으로 승화된' (mentally/spiritually sublimated).

مترادف‌ها

심리적 내면적 영적인 마음의

متضادها

육체적 물질적 신체적

ترکیب‌های رایج

정신적 건강

정신적 스트레스

정신적 지주

정신적 충격

정신적 고통

정신적 성숙

정신적 가치

정신적 피해

정신적 여유

정신적 유산

عبارات رایج

정신적으로 힘들다

— To be mentally exhausted or struggling.

요즘 정신적으로 너무 힘들어요.

정신을 차리다

— To wake up or focus one's mind.

정신 차리고 똑바로 해!

정신이 없다

— To be extremely busy or distracted.

오늘 너무 정신이 없네요.

정신이 나가다

— To lose one's mind or act crazy (informal).

너 정신 나갔어?

정신적 안정을 취하다

— To seek or maintain mental stability.

충분한 휴식으로 정신적 안정을 취하세요.

정신적인 성장을 돕다

— To help someone's mental/spiritual growth.

독서는 정신적인 성장을 돕습니다.

정신적 한계에 부딪히다

— To hit one's mental limit.

그는 결국 정신적 한계에 부딪혔다.

정신적으로 의지하다

— To rely on someone mentally.

나는 그에게 정신적으로 의지한다.

정신적 만족을 얻다

— To gain mental satisfaction.

봉사 활동을 통해 정신적 만족을 얻는다.

정신적 피해를 입다

— To suffer mental damage or trauma.

악성 댓글로 정신적 피해를 입었다.

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

정신적 vs 심리적

Psychological. More clinical and focused on behavior/mechanics.

정신적 vs 마음

Heart/Mind. More personal, emotional, and less formal.

정신적 vs 지적

Intellectual. Focused on smartness/IQ rather than spirit/well-being.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"정신이 번쩍 들다"

— To suddenly become alert or clear-headed.

찬물을 마시니 정신이 번쩍 들었다.

Casual

"정신을 못 차리다"

— To be unable to focus or be overwhelmed.

너무 바빠서 정신을 못 차리겠어요.

Casual

"정신이 팔리다"

— To be distracted by something.

게임에 정신이 팔려서 숙제를 잊었다.

Casual

"정신 줄을 놓다"

— To lose focus or zone out completely.

피곤해서 정신 줄을 놓아버렸다.

Slangy

"정신을 가다듬다"

— To collect one's thoughts or compose oneself.

심호흡을 하며 정신을 가다듬었다.

Formal

"정신이 아득하다"

— To feel dizzy or have one's mind go blank from shock.

그 소식을 듣고 정신이 아득해졌다.

Literary

"정신이 몽롱하다"

— To be in a daze or semi-conscious.

잠에서 막 깨어 정신이 몽롱했다.

Neutral

"정신을 쏟다"

— To put all one's mind and effort into something.

그는 연구에 모든 정신을 쏟았다.

Neutral

"정신이 쏙 빠지다"

— To be completely distracted or lose one's wits.

시끄러운 소리에 정신이 쏙 빠졌다.

Casual

"정신을 잃다"

— To lose consciousness (faint).

그는 사고 직후 정신을 잃었다.

Neutral

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

정신적 vs 정신적

Both relate to the mind.

'정신적' is broader, covering spirit and health. '심리적' is specific to the study of psychology.

정신적 고통 (Mental pain) vs 심리적 요인 (Psychological factor).

정신적 vs 정서적

Both relate to internal states.

'정서적' is strictly about emotions/feelings. '정신적' includes logic and spirit.

정서적 안정 (Emotional stability) vs 정신적 성장 (Mental growth).

정신적 vs 영적

Both can mean 'spiritual'.

'영적' is religious/supernatural. '정신적' is secular/mental.

영적 체험 (Religious experience) vs 정신적 가치 (Mental/Spiritual values).

정신적 vs 지적

Both are 'mental' in English.

'지적' is about intelligence/logic. '정신적' is about state of mind/spirit.

지적 능력 (Intellectual ability) vs 정신적 건강 (Mental health).

정신적 vs 내면적

Both are 'internal'.

'내면적' emphasizes what is hidden inside. '정신적' emphasizes the mind/spirit itself.

내면적 아름다움 (Inner beauty) vs 정신적 자유 (Spiritual freedom).

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

[Noun]은/는 정신적 건강에 좋다/나쁘다.

운동은 정신적 건강에 좋다.

[Person]은/는 나의 정신적 지주이다.

선생님은 나의 정신적 지주이다.

요즘 정신적으로 [Adjective]-하다.

요즘 정신적으로 피곤하다.

[Event] 때문에 정신적 충격을 받았다.

시험 결과 때문에 정신적 충격을 받았다.

정신적 [Noun]뿐만 아니라 육체적 [Noun]도 중요하다.

정신적 안정뿐만 아니라 육체적 건강도 중요하다.

[Concept]은/는 인간의 정신적 성숙을 돕는다.

고난은 인간의 정신적 성숙을 돕는다.

정신적 [Noun]을/를 추구하다.

그는 평생 정신적 가치를 추구했다.

정신적 [Noun]에 대한 [Legal Term].

정신적 고통에 대한 위자료를 청구하다.

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

정신 (Mind/Spirit)

정신과 (Psychiatry)

정신력 (Mental strength)

정신병 (Mental illness)

فعل‌ها

정신 차리다 (To focus/wake up)

정신 나가다 (To lose one's mind)

صفت‌ها

정신없다 (To be hectic/busy)

정신나간 (Crazy/Insane)

مرتبط

마음 (Heart/Mind)

영혼 (Soul)

심리 (Psychology)

의식 (Consciousness)

지성 (Intellect)

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

High, especially in media, health, and personal growth contexts.

اشتباهات رایج

정신적 아파요. → 마음이 아파요 / 정신적으로 힘들어요.
'정신적' is an adjective that needs a noun. You can't use it as a subject here. Also, '정신적' sounds clinical for 'sadness'.
그는 매우 정신적이에요. → 그는 매우 정신적인 사람이에요.
In Korean, '-적' adjectives usually need the '-인' form + noun when used as a predicate describing a person.
정신적 능력이 좋아요. → 지적 능력이 좋아요.
To describe intelligence or smarts, '지적' (intellectual) is the correct term.
정신적 스트레스가 아파요. → 정신적 스트레스가 심해요.
Stress isn't 'painful' (아프다) in Korean grammar; it is 'severe' (심하다) or 'great' (크다).
육체적 건강과 정신 마음. → 육체적 건강과 정신적 건강.
When contrasting, keep the word forms consistent. Since '육체적' is an adjective, use '정신적' as well.

نکات

Pairing with Nouns

Always pair '정신적' with a noun to describe a category. If you want to describe an action, use the adverb '정신적으로'.

Mental vs. Physical

Use '정신적' to explicitly contrast with '육체적' (physical) when discussing health or effort.

Respectful Tone

When discussing someone's mental health, '정신적' sounds more professional and respectful than just using '정신'.

Adverbial Form

The form '정신적으로' is your best friend for saying how you feel: '정신적으로 피곤하다' (mentally tired).

Spiritual Context

Don't forget that in literature, '정신적' can mean 'spiritual'. Context is key!

Legal Compensation

If you hear '위자료' (alimony/compensation), it's almost always for '정신적 고통'.

Maturity

Use '정신적 성숙' to describe someone who has grown in character, regardless of their age.

Mental Labor

Office jobs are often called '정신적 노동' (mental labor) to distinguish them from manual labor.

Pillar of Support

Calling someone your '정신적 지주' is a powerful way to say they keep you sane.

Not for IQ

Avoid using '정신적' for intelligence. Stick to '지적' for IQ-related topics.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Jeong-sin' as 'Jung-seen' (In the middle of what is seen). Your mind is the center of everything you see and experience.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a glowing brain inside a human silhouette, with waves of light representing '적' (the influence/adjective form).

شبکه واژگان

정신 (Mind) 정신 건강 (Mental Health) 정신적 지주 (Mental Pillar) 정신적 고통 (Mental Pain) 정신과 (Psychiatry) 정신력 (Willpower) 정신 분석 (Psychoanalysis) 정신적 가치 (Spiritual Values)

چالش

Try to describe your current mood using '정신적으로 ...' to a friend or in your diary today.

ریشه کلمه

From Hanja 精神 (정신) + 的 (적).

معنای اصلی: 精 (essence/spirit) + 神 (god/spirit) + 的 (suffix for 'like' or 'related to').

Sino-Korean

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful when discussing '정신적 문제' with older Koreans, as there may be more stigma compared to younger generations.

In English, 'mental' can sometimes be used as a slang for 'crazy', but in Korean, '정신적' is almost always formal or neutral. Don't use it as an insult.

The movie 'A Beautiful Mind' is often discussed in Korea using the term '정신적 질환' (mental illness). K-drama 'It's Okay to Not Be Okay' (사이코지만 괜찮아) brought '정신적 건강' to the forefront of pop culture. The concept of '정신력' (mental strength) is frequently cited by Korean athletes like Son Heung-min.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Mental Health Discussion

정신적 건강
정신적 스트레스
정신적 안정
정신과 상담

Legal/Financial Disputes

정신적 피해 보상
정신적 고통
정신적 위자료
정신적 충격

Personal Growth

정신적 성숙
정신적 지주
정신적 가치
정신적 성장

Workplace Stress

정신적 피로
정신적 노동
정신적 한계
정신적 압박

Philosophy/Art

정신적 자유
정신적 유산
정신적 세계
정신적 본질

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"요즘 정신적으로 가장 힘든 일이 뭐예요? (What is the most mentally difficult thing for you lately?)"

"당신의 정신적 지주는 누구인가요? (Who is your mental pillar/support?)"

"정신적 건강을 위해 특별히 하는 활동이 있나요? (Do you have any activities specifically for your mental health?)"

"물질적 풍요보다 정신적 만족이 더 중요하다고 생각하세요? (Do you think mental satisfaction is more important than material abundance?)"

"한국 사회에서 정신적 스트레스의 주된 원인이 무엇이라고 보시나요? (What do you see as the main cause of mental stress in Korean society?)"

موضوعات نگارش

오늘 하루 나의 정신적 상태는 어떠했는지 기록해 보세요. (Record what your mental state was like today.)

나에게 가장 큰 정신적 성장을 가져다준 경험에 대해 써 보세요. (Write about an experience that brought you the most mental growth.)

내가 생각하는 '정신적 자유'란 무엇인지 정의해 보세요. (Define what 'mental/spiritual freedom' means to you.)

미래의 나에게 정신적 건강을 위한 조언을 적어 보세요. (Write advice for your future self regarding mental health.)

물질적인 것과 정신적인 것 사이의 균형을 어떻게 맞추고 있나요? (How are you balancing the material and the mental?)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Mostly, yes. However, in Korean, it also carries a sense of 'spiritual' or 'non-material'. For example, '정신적 가치' can be translated as both 'mental values' and 'spiritual values' depending on the context.

Not directly. '정신적 문제' means 'mental health issues'. To say someone is 'insane' in a medical sense, you'd use '정신 질환'. In a rude sense, you'd use '정신 나간'.

The most common opposites are '육체적' (physical/bodily) and '물질적' (material/financial).

No. Use '지적' (intellectual) or '똑똑한' (smart). '정신적' describes their state of mind or spirit, not their IQ.

Extremely common. It is the standard way to say you are stressed out, emotionally exhausted, or going through a hard time mentally.

It is '정신 건강' or '정신적 건강'. Both are correct and widely used.

Literally 'mental pillar'. It refers to someone who is your emotional rock—the person you turn to for strength and stability.

Yes, it is a Sino-Korean word ending in '-적', making it suitable for formal, academic, and professional contexts, though it is used in neutral daily speech too.

Yes, '정신적 외상' is the formal term for psychological trauma or PTSD.

'정신' is the noun (mind/spirit), while '정신적' is the adjective (mental/spiritual). You use '정신' in idioms like '정신 차려' and '정신적' to modify nouns like '건강'.

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