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B1 adjective #1,500 پرکاربردترین 8 دقیقه مطالعه

긍정적

رتبه 1,500

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 긍정적 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 긍정적 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you can think of '긍정적' as a way to say someone has 'good thoughts' or is 'happy about things.' While the word itself might be a bit long for absolute beginners, you will see it in simple phrases like '긍정적인 생각' (good/positive thoughts). It's like the opposite of being sad or angry about a situation. Imagine a friend who always smiles even when they lose a game—that friend is '긍정적.' You don't need to know all the complex grammar yet, just remember it means 'looking at the good side.'

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At the A2 level, you start to use '긍정적' to describe people's personalities and simple attitudes. You can use the pattern '긍정적인 [Noun]' to describe things. For example, '긍정적인 사람' (a positive person). You might also learn that it's the opposite of '부정적' (negative). At this stage, you should practice using it with the verb '생각하다' (to think) by saying '긍정적으로 생각해요' (Think positively). This is a very common phrase that Koreans use to encourage each other when things are difficult.

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At the B1 level, you should understand that '긍정적' has two main meanings: being optimistic and being affirmative. You can use it in more complex sentences, such as '그의 긍정적인 태도가 팀에 좋은 영향을 주었어요' (His positive attitude had a good influence on the team). You also begin to see it in formal contexts, like business or news, where it means 'favorable' or 'agreeing.' You should be able to distinguish it from '좋다' (good) and understand that '긍정적' describes a specific mental approach or a formal response.

At the B2 level, you can use '긍정적' to discuss abstract concepts and social issues. You might talk about '긍정적인 사회 변화' (positive social change) or '긍정적인 자아상' (a positive self-image). You should be comfortable using the adverbial form '긍정적으로' in professional settings, such as '제안을 긍정적으로 검토하겠습니다' (I will review the proposal favorably). You also start to understand the cultural nuance of '긍정의 힘' (the power of positivity) in Korean society and how it relates to resilience and perseverance.

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At the C1 level, you use '긍정적' with high precision. You understand its philosophical roots in affirmation and can use it in academic or literary contexts. You can discuss the '긍정적 기능' (positive functions) of a certain phenomenon in sociology or the '긍정적 가치' (affirmative value) of a piece of art. You are also aware of the subtle differences between '긍정적,' '낙관적,' and '호의적,' and you can choose the exact word that fits the context. Your usage includes complex grammatical structures and idiomatic expressions.

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At the C2 level, '긍정적' becomes a tool for nuanced argumentation. You can analyze the 'dialectical affirmation' (변증법적 긍정) in philosophical texts or critique the 'toxic positivity' (강요된 긍정) that can sometimes exist in corporate culture. You use the word to describe complex psychological states and formal institutional stances with native-level fluency. You understand the historical evolution of the word and its Hanja roots deeply, allowing you to use it in creative and highly sophisticated ways in both writing and speech.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

긍정적 در ۳۰ ثانیه

긍정적 means being positive or optimistic in your thoughts and actions.
It also means 'affirmative,' as in giving a 'yes' response to a proposal.
The opposite is 부정적 (negative), and it is used in both casual and formal settings.
Grammatically, it often appears as 긍정적인 (adjective) or 긍정적으로 (adverb).

The word 긍정적 (Geung-jeong-jeok) is a cornerstone of modern Korean discourse, particularly in the realms of psychology, self-improvement, and formal communication. At its heart, it is composed of the Hanja 긍 (肯 - to permit/agree) and 정 (定 - to decide/fix), followed by the suffix 적 (的), which transforms the root noun into an adjective or determiner. This linguistic structure suggests a 'fixed state of agreement' or a 'decidedly affirmative' nature. In everyday life, when someone is described as being 긍정적, it implies they possess a resilient and hopeful spirit. They are the type of person who sees the glass as half full rather than half empty. However, the depth of this word extends beyond mere 'happiness.' It represents a conscious choice to validate existence and circumstances. Unlike the English word 'positive,' which can sometimes be used for medical results (like a positive COVID test), the Korean 긍정적 is almost exclusively reserved for attitudes, responses, and outlooks. For medical or scientific results, Koreans use the term 양성 (Yang-seong). Therefore, understanding 긍정적 requires a grasp of its emotional and social weight.

Psychological Nuance: It refers to a mindset that actively seeks solutions and maintains hope despite challenges. It is often paired with '태도' (attitude) or '마인드' (mindset).

그는 어떤 상황에서도 긍정적인 태도를 잃지 않아요. (He doesn't lose his positive attitude in any situation.)

Furthermore, in a formal or logical context, 긍정적 serves as the opposite of 부정적 (Negative). When a proposal is reviewed 'positively' in a business setting, it doesn't just mean the boss is happy; it means they are leaning toward an affirmative 'yes' or approval. This duality between 'optimism' and 'affirmation' is what makes the word so versatile. You might hear a teacher say, "긍정적인 답변을 기다리겠습니다," which translates to "I will wait for an affirmative (positive) answer." Here, the speaker is both being polite and expressing a hope for a 'yes'.

Linguistic Function: As a '-적' word, it can act as a noun (긍정적이다) or as a determiner (긍정적인 생각) depending on the particles attached.

실패를 긍정적으로 받아들이는 것이 중요합니다. (It is important to accept failure positively.)

In modern Korean society, there is a strong cultural emphasis on '긍정의 힘' (The Power of Positivity). This phrase is frequently used in self-help books and corporate seminars. It reflects a societal value placed on perseverance (존버) and maintaining a constructive outlook even when the economic or social environment is harsh. Thus, 긍정적 is not just a vocabulary word; it is a cultural ideal. It encourages individuals to find meaning and value even in hardship, transforming a negative experience into a stepping stone for growth.

Using 긍정적 correctly requires understanding its grammatical flexibility. Because it ends in the suffix -적, it can function in several ways. The most common usage is as a determiner by adding the particle -인. For example, 긍정적인 생각 (positive thoughts) or 긍정적인 변화 (positive change). In these cases, it modifies the noun that follows it, providing a specific quality to that noun. It is essential to use -인 when you want to say 'a positive [something]'.

Grammar Pattern 1: Adjective/Determiner: 긍정적인 + Noun (e.g., 긍정적인 에너지, 긍정적인 태도)

우리는 긍정적인 결과를 기대하고 있습니다. (We are expecting a positive result.)

Another frequent usage is as an adverb by adding the particle -으로. This describes *how* an action is performed. For instance, 긍정적으로 생각하다 (to think positively) or 긍정적으로 검토하다 (to review affirmatively). This adverbial form is very common in business and professional settings. If a manager says they will review your proposal '긍정적으로', it is a very good sign—it means they are predisposed to say yes, though they haven't officially committed yet.

Grammar Pattern 2: Adverbial Use: 긍정적으로 + Verb (e.g., 긍정적으로 보다, 긍정적으로 대답하다)

문제를 긍정적으로 해결하려고 노력하세요. (Try to solve the problem positively.)

Finally, you can use it as a predicate by adding the copula -이다. This allows you to say 'is positive.' For example, 그의 성격은 매우 긍정적이다 (His personality is very positive). This is the standard way to describe a state of being. You can conjugate this into various politeness levels: 긍정적이에요 (polite), 긍정적입니다 (formal), or 긍정적이야 (casual).

One nuance to watch out for is the difference between 긍정적 and 낙관적 (Optimistic). While they are often interchangeable, 낙관적 specifically refers to a belief that the future will turn out well, whereas 긍정적 is a broader term for an affirmative and constructive attitude in the present. If you are facing a disaster but staying calm and looking for solutions, you are being 긍정적. If you simply believe everything will be fine without doing anything, you are being 낙관적.

The word 긍정적 is ubiquitous in Korean media and daily life. You will encounter it in diverse environments, from the workplace to entertainment. In the workplace, it is a key term during performance reviews and project planning. Managers often look for employees with a '긍정적인 마인드' (positive mindset) because they are seen as more adaptable and better at teamwork. During meetings, if a proposal is met with a '긍정적인 반응' (positive reaction), it indicates that the project is likely to move forward.

Workplace Context: Used in interviews, feedback, and project evaluations to denote constructive attitudes and affirmative decisions.

면접관은 지원자의 긍정적인 에너지를 높게 평가했습니다. (The interviewer highly valued the applicant's positive energy.)

In the world of K-Dramas and Variety Shows, you will often hear celebrities being praised for their '긍정적' nature. For example, a character who overcomes poverty with a smile is the epitome of a 긍정적인 캐릭터. In variety shows like 'Infinite Challenge' or 'Running Man,' members often joke about '긍정 주문' (positive spells) or '긍정 파워' to get through difficult physical challenges. This has popularized the word among younger generations as a symbol of resilience and humor in the face of adversity.

Media & Entertainment: Frequent in talk shows and dramas to describe a character's charm or their ability to overcome obstacles.

그 가수는 항상 긍정적인 메시지를 노래에 담아요. (That singer always puts positive messages in their songs.)

News reports also use this word frequently when discussing the economy or international relations. You might hear about '긍정적인 경제 전망' (positive economic outlook) or '긍정적인 외교 관계' (positive diplomatic relations). In these contexts, the word carries a more objective, data-driven weight, suggesting that indicators are pointing toward growth or harmony. It is also used in psychological segments of news programs, where experts discuss the benefits of '긍정적인 사고' (positive thinking) for mental health and stress management.

One of the most common mistakes for English speakers learning Korean is using 긍정적 for medical or scientific results. In English, if a test shows you have a virus, the result is 'positive.' However, in Korean, using 긍정적 in this context would be confusing or even nonsensical. For medical tests, you must use 양성 (Yang-seong). Conversely, a 'negative' test result is 음성 (Eum-seong), not 부정적. Using the wrong word here is a classic 'Konglish' error that can lead to serious misunderstandings in a healthcare setting.

Mistake 1: Medical Results: Incorrect: 코로나 결과가 긍정적이에요. (X)
Correct: 코로나 결과가 양성이에요. (O)

검사 결과는 양성으로 나왔습니다. (The test result came back positive.)

Another mistake is confusing 긍정적 with 낙관적. While they are close, 낙관적 (optimistic) is more about the future outcome, while 긍정적 is about the current attitude or the act of affirmation. If you say "나는 내 미래에 대해 긍정적이야," it's okay, but "나는 내 미래에 대해 낙관적이야" is more precise if you mean you believe things will go well. Using 긍정적 for everything can make your Korean sound a bit repetitive or less nuanced.

Mistake 2: Overuse: Avoid using '긍정적' as a simple synonym for '좋다' (good). Use '좋다' for general quality and '긍정적' for attitude or affirmation.

Finally, learners often struggle with the particle usage. Remember that 긍정적 is a noun-like adjective. You cannot just say "그는 긍정적 사람이에요" (X). You must use the modifier form: "그는 긍정적인 사람이에요" (O). Similarly, when using it as an adverb, you must use -으로. Saying "긍정적 생각해요" (X) sounds broken; it should be "긍정적으로 생각해요" (O). These small grammatical markers are crucial for sounding natural.

Understanding 긍정적 becomes easier when you compare it with its synonyms and related terms. Each has a slightly different flavor. The most direct synonym is 낙관적 (Nak-gwan-jeok), which means 'optimistic.' While 긍정적 focuses on the act of affirming or having a constructive attitude, 낙관적 specifically implies a belief that the future will be bright. You might have a 긍정적 attitude toward a current failure, but you are 낙관적 about your eventual success.

Comparison: 긍정적 vs. 낙관적: 긍정적: Broad attitude, affirmation, constructive mindset.
낙관적: Future-oriented belief that things will turn out well.

그는 미래를 낙관적으로 바라봅니다. (He looks at the future optimistically.)

Another related word is 희망적 (Hui-mang-jeok), which means 'hopeful.' This is used when there is a specific 'hope' (희망) involved. For example, if a doctor says a patient's recovery is '희망적,' it means there is a good chance of getting better. While 긍정적 is about the *mindset* of the person, 희망적 is often about the *situation* itself having potential for a good outcome.

Comparison: 긍정적 vs. 희망적: 긍정적: Describes a person's internal stance.
희망적: Describes an external situation's potential.

In professional settings, you might encounter 호의적 (Ho-ui-jeok), which means 'favorable' or 'friendly.' If a company has a '호의적인 반응' to your proposal, they like it and are being friendly toward you. This is slightly different from '긍정적인 반응,' which specifically means they are agreeing with the content or leaning toward approval. 호의적 is more about the *emotion* or *vibe* of the response, whereas 긍정적 is about the *validity* or *affirmation* of it.

چقدر رسمی است؟

سطح دشواری

گرامر لازم

-적 suffix

-인 modifier

-으로 adverbial

-이다 copula

-게 하다 causative

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

긍정적인 생각을 하세요.

Have positive thoughts.

긍정적인 (Adjective) + 생각 (Noun)

그는 아주 긍정적이에요.

He is very positive.

긍정적 (Noun) + 이다 (Copula)

긍정적인 마음이 중요해요.

A positive mind is important.

Subject marker -이 used with 긍정적인 마음

우리 긍정적으로 살아요.

Let's live positively.

긍정적으로 (Adverb) + 살다 (Verb)

긍정적인 대답을 들었어요.

I heard a positive answer.

Object marker -을 used with 대답

그녀는 항상 긍정적입니다.

She is always positive.

Formal ending -입니다

긍정적인 에너지가 넘쳐요.

It's overflowing with positive energy.

넘치다 (to overflow)

친구의 말은 긍정적이었어요.

My friend's words were positive.

Past tense -이었어요

긍정적인 태도를 가지는 것이 좋아요.

It is good to have a positive attitude.

-는 것이 좋아요 (It is good to...)

문제를 긍정적으로 해결합시다.

Let's solve the problem positively.

-읍시다 (Let's...)

그 영화는 긍정적인 메시지가 있어요.

That movie has a positive message.

있다 (to have/exist)

실패해도 긍정적으로 생각하세요.

Even if you fail, think positively.

-아/어도 (Even if...)

긍정적인 변화가 생겼어요.

A positive change has occurred.

생기다 (to occur/happen)

부모님은 제 계획에 긍정적이에요.

My parents are positive about my plan.

-에 대해 (about) is implied

긍정적인 사람이 인기가 많아요.

Positive people are popular.

Modifier form 긍정적인

오늘 하루를 긍정적으로 시작해요.

Start your day positively.

시작하다 (to start)

그의 긍정적인 에너지가 주변 사람들을 행복하게 해요.

His positive energy makes the people around him happy.

-게 하다 (to make someone...)

어려운 상황일수록 긍정적인 마음가짐이 필요합니다.

The more difficult the situation, the more a positive mindset is needed.

-(으)ㄹ수록 (the more...)

회사는 이번 제안을 긍정적으로 검토하고 있습니다.

The company is reviewing this proposal favorably.

-고 있다 (Progressive tense)

긍정적인 사고방식은 건강에도 도움이 됩니다.

A positive way of thinking is also helpful for health.

-에도 도움이 되다 (to be helpful even for...)

그의 대답은 긍정적이었지만 확답은 아니었어요.

His answer was positive, but it wasn't a definite 'yes'.

-지만 (but)

아이들에게 긍정적인 영향을 주는 교사가 되고 싶어요.

I want to be a teacher who gives a positive influence to children.

-(으)ㄴ/는 영향을 주다 (to influence)

우리는 서로에게 긍정적인 자극이 되는 친구예요.

We are friends who provide positive stimulation to each other.

자극 (stimulation/motivation)

면접에서 긍정적인 인상을 남기는 것이 중요합니다.

It is important to leave a positive impression in an interview.

인상을 남기다 (to leave an impression)

긍정적인 자기 암시는 자신감을 높여줍니다.

Positive self-suggestion increases self-confidence.

자기 암시 (self-suggestion/affirmation)

정부는 이번 정책이 경제에 긍정적인 효과를 줄 것으로 기대합니다.

The government expects this policy to have a positive effect on the economy.

-(으)ㄹ 것으로 기대하다 (to expect that...)

비판을 긍정적으로 받아들이는 자세가 성장의 밑거름이 됩니다.

An attitude of accepting criticism positively becomes the foundation for growth.

밑거름 (foundation/manure for growth)

그 작가는 인간 본성에 대해 매우 긍정적인 시각을 가지고 있어요.

That author has a very positive perspective on human nature.

시각 (perspective/viewpoint)

긍정적인 피드백은 직원들의 사기를 진작시킵니다.

Positive feedback boosts the morale of employees.

사기를 진작시키다 (to boost morale)

갈등을 긍정적인 방향으로 해결하기 위해 대화가 필요합니다.

Dialogue is needed to resolve conflicts in a positive direction.

방향 (direction)

그의 성공 뒤에는 항상 긍정적인 마인드셋이 있었습니다.

Behind his success, there was always a positive mindset.

뒤에는 (behind/in the background of)

실패를 긍정적인 경험으로 승화시키는 능력이 필요합니다.

The ability to sublimate failure into a positive experience is needed.

승화시키다 (to sublimate/transform into something higher)

현대 사회에서 긍정적 사고의 강요가 오히려 독이 될 수도 있습니다.

In modern society, the forced imposition of positive thinking can actually become toxic.

오히려 독이 되다 (to rather become poison/harmful)

그 논문은 기술 발전이 환경에 미치는 긍정적 측면을 분석했습니다.

The paper analyzed the positive aspects of technological advancement on the environment.

측면 (aspect/side)

그의 발언은 시장에 긍정적인 신호를 보냈습니다.

His remarks sent a positive signal to the market.

신호를 보내다 (to send a signal)

예술은 고통을 긍정적인 에너지로 치환하는 힘을 가지고 있습니다.

Art has the power to substitute pain with positive energy.

치환하다 (to substitute/replace)

긍정적인 유대 관계는 개인의 심리적 안녕에 필수적입니다.

Positive bonding relationships are essential for an individual's psychological well-being.

심리적 안녕 (psychological well-being)

그는 자신의 단점조차 긍정적으로 수용할 줄 아는 사람입니다.

He is a person who knows how to accept even his own flaws positively.

-(으)ㄹ 줄 알다 (to know how to...)

이번 협상은 양국 관계에 긍정적인 전환점이 될 것입니다.

This negotiation will be a positive turning point in the relationship between the two countries.

전환점 (turning point)

긍정적인 기대가 실제로 좋은 결과를 낳는 '피그말리온 효과'가 있습니다.

There is the 'Pygmalion effect' where positive expectations actually produce good results.

결과를 낳다 (to produce/give birth to results)

니체의 철학은 삶에 대한 근원적인 긍정에서 출발합니다.

Nietzsche's philosophy starts from a fundamental affirmation of life.

근원적인 (fundamental/root)

그 정책의 긍정적 효용성은 아직 학계에서 논쟁 중입니다.

The positive utility of that policy is still being debated in academia.

효용성 (utility/usefulness)

비극적 상황 속에서도 존재의 의미를 긍정하는 태도가 숭고합니다.

The attitude of affirming the meaning of existence even in tragic situations is sublime.

숭고하다 (to be sublime)

긍정적 강화는 행동 수정 이론의 핵심적인 요소입니다.

Positive reinforcement is a core element of behavior modification theory.

긍정적 강화 (positive reinforcement)

그 영화는 죽음마저도 삶의 일부로 긍정하는 성숙한 시선을 보여줍니다.

The movie shows a mature gaze that affirms even death as a part of life.

마저도 (even/including)

사회 구조적 모순을 긍정적으로 타개하려는 의지가 돋보입니다.

The will to positively break through social structural contradictions stands out.

타개하다 (to break through/resolve a difficult situation)

긍정적 자유와 소극적 자유의 차이를 명확히 구분해야 합니다.

One must clearly distinguish between positive liberty and negative liberty.

긍정적 자유 (positive liberty)

그의 문체는 삶의 비루함을 긍정적인 미학으로 승화시켰다는 평가를 받습니다.

His writing style is evaluated as having sublimated the meanness of life into a positive aesthetic.

비루함 (meanness/vile state)

مترادف‌ها

낙관적 희망적 우호적 찬성하는 확신하는

متضادها

부정적 비관적

ترکیب‌های رایج

긍정적인 태도

긍정적인 생각

긍정적인 영향

긍정적인 결과

긍정적인 반응

긍정적으로 검토하다

긍정적으로 평가하다

긍정적으로 받아들이다

긍정적인 에너지

긍정적인 마인드

عبارات رایج

긍정의 힘

긍정적으로 생각하세요

긍정적인 답변

긍정적인 변화

긍정적인 효과

긍정적인 시각

긍정적인 관계

긍정적인 피드백

긍정적인 인상

긍정적인 가치

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

긍정적 vs 양성 (Medical positive)

긍정적 vs 낙관적 (Optimistic)

긍정적 vs 호의적 (Favorable)

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"긍정적인 게 좋은 거지 (Being positive is what's good - a common saying)"

"좋게 좋게 생각하다 (To think of things in a good/positive way)"

"밝은 면을 보다 (To look on the bright side)"

"안 될 것도 없다 (There's no reason it won't work - a positive stance)"

"말이 씨가 된다 (Words become seeds - so speak positively)"

"웃으면 복이 와요 (Laughter brings luck - a positive proverb)"

"하늘이 무너져도 솟아날 구멍이 있다 (Even if the sky falls, there is a hole to escape - ultimate positivity)"

"긍정 파워 (Positive power - modern slang)"

"긍정 회로를 돌리다 (To run one's 'positive circuits' - to force oneself to think positively)"

"꽃길만 걷자 (Let's walk only on flower paths - a wish for a positive future)"

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

긍정적 vs

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

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نحوه استفاده

medical warning

Do not use for medical test results; use '양성' instead.

nuance difference

More formal than '좋다' and more broad than '낙관적'.

اشتباهات رایج

Using 긍정적 for medical results (use 양성 instead).
Forgetting the particle -인 when modifying a noun.
Forgetting the particle -으로 when using it as an adverb.
Confusing it with 낙관적 in future-specific contexts.
Using it as a simple synonym for 'good' (좋다) in casual situations where it might sound too formal.

نکات

Using -인 vs -으로

Use '긍정적인' before nouns (positive thoughts) and '긍정적으로' before verbs (think positively).

The Power of Positivity

Koreans value '긍정의 힘' (the power of positivity) as a way to handle stress and high-pressure environments.

Hanja Roots

Knowing that '긍' means 'permit' and '정' means 'decide' helps you remember the meaning of affirmation.

Business Politeness

In a meeting, saying you will review something 'positively' is a polite way to show interest without committing immediately.

Tone Matters

When using this word to encourage someone, use a warm and supportive tone of voice.

Formal Reports

In reports, use '긍정적인 전망' to describe a bright outlook for a project or the economy.

News Keywords

This is a high-frequency word in news segments about psychology and the economy.

Glass Half Full

Always visualize the 'glass half full' metaphor when you hear or see '긍정적'.

Not for Tests

Remember: A positive flu test is '양성', not '긍정적'. Don't make this common mistake!

Nuance

As you get more advanced, try to distinguish between '긍정적' (affirmative) and '낙관적' (optimistic) in your speech.

حفظ کنید

ریشه کلمه

بافت فرهنگی

Resilience through positivity is highly valued in Korean society.

Saying '긍정적으로 검토하겠습니다' is a standard polite way to end a meeting.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"요즘 긍정적인 소식이 있나요?"

"어떻게 하면 긍정적인 마음을 가질 수 있을까요?"

"긍정적인 사람이 되기 위해 무엇을 하시나요?"

"실패를 긍정적으로 받아들인 경험이 있나요?"

"긍정적인 에너지를 주는 친구가 누구인가요?"

موضوعات نگارش

오늘 있었던 일 중 가장 긍정적인 일 세 가지를 적어보세요.

내가 긍정적인 태도를 유지하기 힘든 상황은 언제인가요?

긍정적인 생각이 내 삶을 어떻게 바꿨는지 써보세요.

'긍정의 힘'에 대해 어떻게 생각하시나요?

나에게 긍정적인 영향을 주는 사람에 대해 써보세요.

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, for medical tests, use '양성' (Yang-seong). '긍정적' is for attitudes and affirmations.

긍정적 is a general positive attitude or affirmation. 낙관적 specifically means you believe the future will be good.

It can be both. With '-이다' it acts like an adjective/predicate. With '-인' it acts as a determiner.

You say '긍정적으로 생각하세요' (Geung-jeong-jeok-eu-ro saeng-gak-ha-se-yo).

Yes, it is very common in business and news to mean 'favorable' or 'affirmative'.

The opposite is 부정적 (Bu-jeong-jeok), which means negative.

Yes, if the movie has a hopeful or bright message, you can say it is a '긍정적인 영화'.

Yes, '긍정' is a noun meaning 'affirmation' or 'positivity'.

Mostly, but in logic, it just means 'affirmative' (as in a 'yes' statement), regardless of whether the content is 'good'.

It is a common suffix in Korean (from Hanja) that turns a noun into an adjective or determiner, similar to '-ic' or '-ive' in English.

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