건의하다 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- A formal suggestion or proposal made to a superior or organization.
- Use when presenting ideas for consideration in a professional or official setting.
- Implies respect and a structured approach to proposing change or improvements.
- Distinct from casual suggestions; requires a recipient with authority.
- Core Meaning
- The Korean verb '건의하다' (geonuihada) means to formally suggest, propose, or recommend an idea, opinion, or plan. It is typically used when presenting something for consideration to someone in a higher position, an organization, a company, or a public institution. This implies a degree of respect and a structured approach to bringing forth a suggestion. It's not a casual remark but a deliberate act of putting forward a thought for review and potential action. The word carries a sense of formality and seriousness, suggesting that the proposal is well-considered and intended to contribute to improvement or problem-solving within the given context.
- Contexts of Use
- You would use '건의하다' in various professional and official settings. For instance, an employee might '건의하다' a new workflow to their manager, a student might '건의하다' changes to a school policy to the administration, or a citizen might '건의하다' a public infrastructure improvement to a local government. The key element is that the suggestion is directed upwards or towards an authoritative body. The act of '건의하다' often implies a desire for constructive change, efficiency, or the resolution of an issue. It's about contributing to a larger system or organization by offering thoughtful proposals. The formality suggests that the proposer has thought through the implications and potential benefits of their suggestion. It's a verb that signifies proactive engagement and a willingness to offer solutions or improvements in a structured manner. The recipient of the '건의' is expected to consider it seriously, even if they don't ultimately adopt it. This action is often a part of a feedback loop designed to foster continuous improvement and better governance within institutions.
- Nuance of Formality
- The nuance of '건의하다' lies in its formal and respectful tone. It's distinct from simply '말하다' (to say) or '제안하다' (to suggest) in a casual way. When you '건의하다', you are submitting a proposal that requires consideration and potentially a response from the recipient. This is often done through official channels, such as written proposals, formal meetings, or suggestion boxes. The word implies that the suggestion is not merely an offhand thought but a well-reasoned idea aimed at improving a situation or solving a problem within a hierarchical structure. It suggests that the proposer has taken the time to think about the best way to present their idea to ensure it is taken seriously. The act of '건의하다' can be a crucial part of organizational development, allowing for the flow of ideas from various levels to inform decision-making and strategic planning. It embodies a culture of open communication and employee or citizen participation in shaping policies and practices.
The employee decided to 건의하다 a new system for tracking project progress to the management team.
Students often 건의하다 improvements to campus facilities to the student council.
- Formal vs. Informal Suggestions
- While '제안하다' can also mean to suggest, '건의하다' specifically implies a suggestion made to a superior, an organization, or a public body. It carries a stronger sense of formality and submission for consideration. For instance, you might '제안하다' a movie to a friend, but you would '건의하다' a policy change to your company's HR department. The context dictates which word is more appropriate. Using '건의하다' in an informal setting might sound overly serious or even a bit stiff, while using '제안하다' in a formal setting might be perceived as lacking the appropriate level of respect or seriousness.
- Purpose of Suggestion
- The purpose behind using '건의하다' is usually to effect positive change, improve efficiency, or address a problem. It's a constructive action taken by an individual or a group to contribute to the betterment of an organization or system. This can range from suggesting a minor tweak in a process to proposing a significant strategic shift. The act itself signifies a level of engagement and investment in the outcome of the entity to which the suggestion is made. It's a way for individuals to voice their concerns and ideas in a structured and respectful manner, contributing to a more dynamic and responsive environment.
- Basic Structure
- The verb '건의하다' is conjugated like other regular verbs. The most common forms you'll encounter are the present tense ('건의합니다' - formal, '건의해요' - polite informal) and the past tense ('건의했습니다' - formal, '건의했어요' - polite informal). The basic sentence structure is: [Subject] + [Object/Idea] + 을/를 + 건의하다. The subject is the person making the suggestion, and the object is what is being suggested. For example, '저는 새로운 방안을 건의합니다.' (I suggest a new plan.) Here, '저는' is the subject, '새로운 방안을' is the object, and '건의합니다' is the verb.
- Using with Different Subjects
- The subject performing the action of '건의하다' can be an individual, a group, or even an organization. When it's an individual, it's usually clear who is making the suggestion. For example, '김 대리님께서 개선 방안을 건의하셨습니다.' (Assistant Manager Kim suggested an improvement plan.) If it's a group, you might see phrases like '직원 일동은 회사의 발전을 위해 여러 가지를 건의했습니다.' (All employees suggested various things for the company's development.) The key is that the action of suggesting is directed towards an appropriate recipient.
- Specifying the Recipient
- It's often important to specify to whom the suggestion is being made. This is typically done using the particle '에게' (to, for people) or '께' (to, for respected people), or '에' (to, for organizations/places). For instance, '저는 상사에게 새로운 아이디어를 건의했습니다.' (I suggested a new idea to my boss.) Or, '시민들은 시청에 교통 체계 개선을 건의했습니다.' (Citizens suggested improvements to the traffic system to the city hall.) This clarifies the direction and formality of the suggestion.
- Connecting Ideas
- When presenting multiple suggestions or elaborating on a suggestion, you can use conjunctive endings. For example, to list reasons, you might use '-고' or '-며'. To indicate a sequence or condition, you might use '-며' or '-면서'. For instance, '업무 효율성을 높이기 위해 새로운 소프트웨어 도입을 건의하며, 동시에 직원 교육 강화도 함께 건의합니다.' (To increase work efficiency, I suggest the introduction of new software, and at the same time, I also suggest strengthening employee training.) This allows for more complex and detailed proposals.
- Passive Voice
- While less common for the act of suggesting itself, the idea of being suggested to or the suggestion being received can be expressed. However, the active voice is far more prevalent when discussing the act of '건의하다'. If you were to talk about a proposal being reviewed, you might say '제 건의가 검토 중에 있습니다.' (My suggestion is under review.)
The labor union 건의했습니다 better working conditions to the company.
Students 건의해요 improvements to the cafeteria menu to the school administration.
Please 건의하시기 바랍니다 if you have any feedback.
- Formal Commands and Requests
- In formal contexts, you might see or use constructions like '건의하시기 바랍니다' (Please make suggestions) or '건의할 사항' (Items to suggest). These are common in official documents, announcements, or meeting agendas. For example, a company might send out an email stating, '연말 성과 평가에 대한 개선점을 건의해주시기 바랍니다.' (Please suggest improvements regarding the year-end performance evaluation.) This indicates that the organization is actively seeking input through formal channels.
- Using with Abstract Nouns
- '건의하다' is often used with abstract nouns representing ideas, plans, or opinions. Examples include: '개선 방안' (improvement plan), '새로운 아이디어' (new idea), '정책 제안' (policy proposal), '업무 방식' (way of working), '조직 문화' (organizational culture). For instance, '그는 회사의 조직 문화를 개선하기 위한 방안을 건의했습니다.' (He suggested a plan to improve the company's organizational culture.)
- Workplace Interactions
- In South Korea, the workplace is a primary arena where '건의하다' is frequently used. Employees often '건의하다' improvements to work processes, suggestions for new projects, or feedback on company policies to their supervisors, managers, or HR departments. This is a common way for employees to contribute to the company's growth and efficiency. For example, during team meetings, a team leader might ask, '이번 분기 목표 달성을 위해 특별히 건의할 사항이 있습니까?' (Are there any specific items you would like to suggest to achieve this quarter's goals?). Conversely, an employee might approach their manager and say, '팀장님, 업무 효율성을 높이기 위해 새로운 시스템 도입을 건의하고 싶습니다.' (Team leader, I would like to suggest introducing a new system to increase work efficiency.) This reflects a culture where formal suggestions are valued.
- Government and Public Institutions
- Citizens and organizations frequently '건의하다' their ideas, concerns, and proposals to government bodies, local councils, and public institutions. This can range from suggesting changes to public transportation routes, advocating for new park facilities, or proposing amendments to local ordinances. Many government websites have dedicated sections for citizens to submit their '건의사항' (items for suggestion). For instance, a news report might state, '지역 주민들은 도로 확장 공사에 대한 안전 문제를 시청에 건의했습니다.' (Local residents suggested safety issues regarding the road expansion project to the city hall.) This demonstrates how '건의하다' plays a role in civic engagement and public administration.
- Academic Settings
- In educational institutions, students might '건의하다' their ideas for curriculum improvements, changes to school rules, or enhancements to campus facilities to the school administration, student council, or professors. For example, a student council president might address the school board saying, '학생회에서는 학습 환경 개선을 위해 몇 가지 안을 건의하고자 합니다.' (The student council wishes to suggest several proposals for the improvement of the learning environment.) Similarly, a professor might solicit feedback by asking, '수업 방식에 대해 건의할 점이 있다면 자유롭게 이야기해주세요.' (If you have any suggestions regarding the teaching methods, please feel free to speak up.)
- Formal Meetings and Conferences
- During formal meetings, conferences, or official gatherings, participants might '건의하다' their opinions or proposals related to the agenda. This is a structured way to contribute to discussions and decision-making processes. For example, in a business conference, a panelist might say, '이 문제에 대해 저는 다음과 같은 해결책을 건의하고 싶습니다.' (Regarding this issue, I would like to suggest the following solution.) The use of '건의하다' here signals a prepared and formal contribution to the discourse.
- Official Documents and Reports
- The term '건의하다' and its noun form '건의사항' (suggestion/proposal) are commonly found in official documents, reports, and surveys. For example, a government report might include a section titled '국민 건의사항 분석 결과' (Analysis Results of Citizen Suggestions), detailing the input received from the public and the government's response. This highlights the institutional use of the word for formal feedback mechanisms.
The employee submitted a formal request to 건의하다 a flexible work schedule.
- Confusing with Casual Suggestions
- A common mistake is using '건의하다' in situations where a more casual verb like '제안하다' (to suggest) or even '말하다' (to say) would be appropriate. For instance, suggesting a movie to a friend is not a '건의'. Using '건의하다' in such informal contexts can make the speaker sound overly formal, stiff, or even pretentious. The key is to remember that '건의하다' is reserved for suggestions made to superiors, organizations, or public bodies, implying a level of respect and formality.
- Incorrect Particle Usage
- Learners sometimes misuse particles when constructing sentences with '건의하다'. The object being suggested takes the particle '을/를', while the recipient of the suggestion takes '에게' (for people) or '께' (for respected people), or '에' (for organizations/places). For example, saying '저는 상사에게 아이디어를 건의했습니다' is correct, but incorrectly using '아이디어를' as the recipient or '상사에게' as the object would be a mistake. Ensure the correct particles are used to clearly delineate the suggestion and its intended audience.
- Overusing or Underusing Formality
- Another pitfall is misjudging the level of formality required. While '건의하다' is inherently formal, the degree of formality in the overall sentence can vary. For example, using '건의해요' (polite informal) to a CEO might still be too informal. Conversely, using the most formal '건의합니다' to a colleague you are close with might sound overly distant. It's important to gauge the relationship with the recipient and the specific context to choose the appropriate level of politeness and formality.
- Confusing with '요청하다' (to request)
- While both '건의하다' and '요청하다' involve asking for something, '건의하다' is specifically about proposing an idea or plan for consideration, often with a focus on improvement or change. '요청하다', on the other hand, is a more general term for requesting an action, service, or item. You might '요청하다' a document, but you would '건의하다' a new policy. Using '요청하다' when you mean to propose an idea for consideration would miss the nuance of '건의하다'. For example, you wouldn't '요청하다' a new workflow; you would '건의하다' it.
- Ignoring the Recipient
- A subtle but important mistake is failing to consider the appropriate recipient for a '건의'. Suggestions made with '건의하다' should always be directed towards someone or an entity with the authority to consider or implement them. Suggesting a major company policy change directly to a junior employee who has no decision-making power would be inappropriate. The act of '건의하다' implies a submission to a higher authority or a relevant body.
- 제안하다 (jeanhada) - To suggest, propose
- Comparison: '제안하다' is a broader term for suggesting or proposing something. It can be used in both formal and informal contexts. You can '제안하다' a plan to your boss, but you can also '제안하다' a restaurant to a friend. '건의하다' is more specific, implying a formal suggestion made to a superior or an organization.
Usage Example: '저는 새로운 마케팅 전략을 제안합니다.' (I propose a new marketing strategy.) This could be to a colleague or a superior. If it were to a superior with the intent of formal consideration, '건의하다' might be preferred: '저는 새로운 마케팅 전략을 건의합니다.' - 추천하다 (chucheonhada) - To recommend
- Comparison: '추천하다' means to recommend something or someone based on personal endorsement or belief in their quality or suitability. It's about vouching for something. '건의하다' is about proposing an idea or plan for consideration, not necessarily endorsing its quality based on personal experience, but rather suggesting it as a course of action.
Usage Example: '저는 이 책을 모든 사람에게 추천합니다.' (I recommend this book to everyone.) This is a personal endorsement. You would '건의하다' a book club to your school, not '추천하다' a book club. - 의견을 말하다 (uigyeoneul malhada) - To state an opinion
- Comparison: This phrase simply means to express one's opinion. It's a general statement of personal views. '건의하다' goes a step further by presenting an opinion or idea in a structured and formal manner for consideration and potential action by a superior or organization. Stating an opinion is passive; '건의하다' is an active proposal.
Usage Example: '저는 이 문제에 대해 제 의견을 말하고 싶습니다.' (I want to state my opinion on this issue.) This is a general expression. If the opinion is a proposal for change, it becomes '의견을 건의하다'. - 진언하다 (jin'eonhada) - To offer advice/opinion (often to a superior, historically)
- Comparison: '진언하다' is a more archaic or highly formal term, often used when offering advice or opinions to a king, emperor, or very high-ranking official. While similar in its formality and direction towards a superior, '건의하다' is much more commonly used in modern everyday and professional contexts. '진언하다' carries a stronger sense of pleading or earnest advice.
Usage Example: '신하는 왕에게 충언을 진언했습니다.' (The subject offered sincere advice to the king.) This is a historical or very formal usage. In a modern company, you would '건의하다'. - 요청하다 (yocheonghada) - To request
- Comparison: '요청하다' is a general term for asking for something, whether it's an action, a service, or an item. It can be formal or informal. '건의하다' is specifically about proposing an idea or plan for consideration, usually with the aim of improvement or change. You '요청하다' a document, but you '건의하다' a new policy.
Usage Example: '저는 추가 자료를 요청했습니다.' (I requested additional materials.) This is a direct request. You would '건의하다' a change in how documents are filed, not '요청하다' it.
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
The concept of '건의하다' is deeply ingrained in Korean corporate and social culture, reflecting a hierarchical structure where respectful suggestions to superiors are valued. It's a way to participate constructively in decision-making without overstepping boundaries. The term itself, with its Hanja roots, highlights the influence of Chinese philosophy on Korean concepts of governance and social interaction.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Mispronouncing the '의' (ui) sound, often making it too short or too long.
- Incorrectly stressing syllables, leading to an unnatural rhythm.
- Confusing the 'eo' sound in '건' with other vowel sounds.
سطح دشواری
At the B2 CEFR level, understanding '건의하다' in written texts is expected. Readers should be able to comprehend its meaning in formal documents, workplace communications, and news articles related to policy or organizational matters. Recognizing its formal tone and distinguishing it from casual suggestions is key.
B2 learners should be able to use '건의하다' in their writing, particularly in contexts like emails to superiors, formal letters, or essays discussing professional or societal issues. They should be able to construct grammatically correct sentences and use the word appropriately to convey a formal suggestion.
Speaking proficiency at B2 involves using '건의하다' in appropriate situations, such as during meetings, presentations, or discussions with superiors. Learners should be able to articulate their suggestions clearly and respectfully.
B2 learners should be able to comprehend '건의하다' when spoken in formal contexts, such as in business meetings, public announcements, or news reports. They should recognize the word and understand its implication of a formal proposal.
بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟
پیشنیازها
بعداً یاد بگیرید
پیشرفته
گرامر لازم
Using particles correctly with '건의하다'.
The object of suggestion takes 을/를, and the recipient takes 에게/께/에. e.g., '저는 개선 방안을 팀장님께 건의했습니다.'
Conjugation of '건의하다' in different tenses and politeness levels.
'건의합니다' (formal present), '건의했어요' (polite informal past), '건의할 것입니다' (formal future).
Using '-기 바랍니다' for formal requests.
'업무 개선에 대한 의견을 건의하시기 바랍니다.'
Using passive voice with '건의되다' or '건의받다'.
'여러 아이디어가 건의되었습니다.' (Many ideas were suggested.)
Connecting multiple suggestions using conjunctions like -고, -며.
'업무 효율성 증대와 직원 복지 향상을 건의했습니다.'
مثالها بر اساس سطح
학생들은 학교 식당의 개선점을 건의했어요.
The students suggested improvements to the school cafeteria.
Past tense, polite informal. Used for suggestions made by students to school administration.
팀장님께 새로운 업무 방식을 건의해 보았습니다.
I tried suggesting a new way of working to the team leader.
Informal imperative form used in a polite context. Implies an attempt to make a suggestion.
회의에서 몇 가지 좋은 아이디어를 건의할 수 있습니다.
You can suggest some good ideas in the meeting.
Future potential with '-ㄹ 수 있다'. Suggests the possibility of making suggestions.
직원들은 더 나은 복지를 건의하기로 했습니다.
The employees decided to suggest better welfare.
Expressing a decision to make a suggestion using '-기로 하다'.
저는 이 정책에 대해 몇 가지 우려 사항을 건의하고 싶습니다.
I want to suggest some concerns about this policy.
'-고 싶습니다' expresses a desire to make a suggestion.
회사는 직원들의 의견을 건의받고 있습니다.
The company is receiving suggestions from employees.
Passive form '-받다' indicating suggestions are being received.
이 문제는 관련 부서에 건의해야 합니다.
This issue must be suggested to the relevant department.
'-해야 하다' indicates an obligation to make a suggestion.
그는 회사의 발전을 위해 여러 가지를 건의했습니다.
He suggested various things for the company's development.
Past tense, formal. Used for concrete suggestions made for improvement.
신입사원은 회사 문화 개선을 위해 적극적으로 아이디어를 건의했습니다.
The new employee actively suggested ideas for improving company culture.
Past tense, formal. Highlights proactive suggestion in a professional context.
시민들은 교통 체증 완화를 위한 방안을 시청에 건의했습니다.
Citizens suggested measures to alleviate traffic congestion to the city hall.
Past tense, formal. Indicates a suggestion made to a public institution.
이사회는 새로운 사업 계획에 대해 여러 가지 의견을 건의받았습니다.
The board of directors received various suggestions regarding the new business plan.
Passive past tense. Shows that suggestions were received by a governing body.
프로젝트 매니저는 팀원들에게 효율적인 업무 분담을 건의했습니다.
The project manager suggested efficient work distribution to the team members.
Past tense, formal. Used for suggestions within a team structure.
학생회는 학교 시설 개선을 위해 총장님께 공식적으로 건의할 예정입니다.
The student council plans to formally suggest improvements to school facilities to the president.
Future tense with '-ㄹ 예정입니다'. Indicates a planned formal suggestion.
그는 단순히 불평하는 대신, 해결책을 건의하는 태도를 보였습니다.
Instead of just complaining, he showed an attitude of suggesting solutions.
Present participle form '-는 태도' to describe a proactive approach.
이러한 문제점에 대해 경영진에게 건의하는 것이 중요합니다.
It is important to suggest these issues to the management.
Gerund form '-는 것' with '-이 중요합니다' to emphasize the importance of making a suggestion.
연구팀은 실험 결과에 기반하여 새로운 연구 방향을 건의했습니다.
The research team suggested a new research direction based on the experimental results.
Past tense, formal. Used in academic/research contexts for proposing new directions.
노동조합은 회사의 장기적인 성장 전략에 대한 몇 가지 심도 깊은 의견을 경영진에게 건의했습니다.
The labor union formally proposed several in-depth opinions on the company's long-term growth strategy to the management.
Past tense, formal. Emphasizes the depth and strategic nature of the suggestions.
정부 관계자는 시민들의 안전을 최우선으로 고려하여 새로운 교통 법규 마련을 건의했습니다.
A government official suggested the establishment of new traffic regulations, prioritizing citizens' safety.
Past tense, formal. Highlights the official capacity and the reasoning behind the suggestion.
학술 대회에서는 해당 분야의 전문가들이 최신 연구 동향에 대한 혁신적인 아이디어를 건의했습니다.
At the academic conference, experts in the field proposed innovative ideas regarding the latest research trends.
Past tense, formal. Used in high-level academic discourse for proposing new concepts.
이사회는 회사의 재정 건전성 확보를 위해 몇 가지 재정적 조치를 건의받았습니다
The board of directors received suggestions for several financial measures to ensure the company's financial soundness.
Passive past tense. Indicates formal financial proposals were considered by the board.
그는 단순히 비판하는 데 그치지 않고, 실현 가능한 대안을 건의하는 건설적인 자세를 견지했습니다.
He maintained a constructive attitude of proposing feasible alternatives, rather than merely criticizing.
Present participle form '-는 건설적인 자세' to describe a proactive and solution-oriented approach.
조직 문화 개선을 위한 실질적인 방안들을 차기 회의에서 건의할 예정입니다.
We plan to suggest practical measures for improving organizational culture at the next meeting.
Future tense with '-ㄹ 예정입니다'. Indicates a formal intention to propose specific measures.
언론은 정부의 새로운 정책 방향에 대해 다각적인 검토를 거쳐 의견을 건의하고 있습니다.
The media is suggesting opinions after a multi-faceted review of the government's new policy direction.
Present progressive '-고 있다' to describe an ongoing process of suggestion and analysis by the media.
그는 수년간의 경험을 바탕으로 업계의 관행 개선을 위한 몇 가지 혁신적인 아이디어를 건의했습니다
Based on years of experience, he proposed several innovative ideas for improving industry practices.
Past tense, formal. Highlights suggestions stemming from extensive experience and aiming for industry-wide improvement.
회사의 윤리 강령 강화 방안에 대해 법무팀은 이사회에 신중하고도 포괄적인 개선책을 건의했습니다.
Regarding measures to strengthen the company's code of ethics, the legal team formally proposed cautious and comprehensive improvements to the board of directors.
Past tense, highly formal. Demonstrates nuanced understanding of suggesting complex legal and ethical measures.
국제기구의 개발 원조 정책에 대한 비판적 분석을 바탕으로, 전문가들은 지속 가능한 발전을 위한 새로운 프레임워크를 건의했습니다
Based on a critical analysis of the international organization's development aid policies, experts proposed a new framework for sustainable development.
Past tense, formal. Used in international policy contexts, indicating proposals for significant structural changes.
정치 평론가들은 현 정부의 경제 정책 기조에 대한 심도 있는 성찰을 촉구하며, 구조 개혁을 위한 실질적인 방안들을 건의했습니다
Political commentators urged for profound reflection on the current government's economic policy stance and proposed practical measures for structural reform.
Past tense, formal. Highlights the critical and reform-oriented nature of the suggestions in a political context.
기업의 사회적 책임(CSR) 확대를 위해, 시민단체들은 기업 경영진에게 윤리적 투자와 투명한 정보 공개를 건의했습니다
To expand Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), civic groups proposed ethical investments and transparent information disclosure to corporate management.
Past tense, formal. Demonstrates suggestions related to corporate social responsibility and ethical business practices.
그는 단순한 제안을 넘어, 조직의 근본적인 체질 개선을 위한 일련의 전략적 로드맵을 상부에 건의했습니다
Going beyond mere suggestions, he formally proposed a series of strategic roadmaps to the higher-ups for the fundamental improvement of the organization's constitution.
Past tense, highly formal. Emphasizes strategic planning and comprehensive proposals for deep organizational change.
연구 윤리 위원회는 실험 대상자의 권익 보호를 위한 새로운 절차적 가이드라인을 건의받았습니다
The research ethics committee received suggestions for new procedural guidelines to protect the rights and interests of experimental subjects.
Passive past tense. Shows formal receipt of suggestions concerning ethical procedures in research.
고용노동부는 청년 실업 해소를 위한 다각적인 정책 패키지를 정부에 건의했습니다
The Ministry of Employment and Labor formally proposed a multi-faceted policy package to the government to resolve youth unemployment.
Past tense, formal. Used for high-level policy proposals from government ministries.
그의 제안은 단순한 의견 표명을 넘어, 조직의 혁신과 지속 가능한 성장을 견인할 수 있는 구체적인 실행 계획을 건의하는 것이었습니다.
His proposal went beyond a mere expression of opinion, aiming to formally suggest specific action plans that could drive organizational innovation and sustainable growth.
Describes the nature of a proposal as actively suggesting concrete action plans for innovation and growth.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— Items for suggestion; proposals. This is the noun form and is very commonly used in official contexts.
이번 회의에서는 직원들의 건의사항을 주로 논의할 것입니다.
— To suggest or propose ways to improve something. This is a very common collocation in workplace and organizational settings.
그녀는 회사의 업무 프로세스 개선 방안을 건의했습니다.
— To formally suggest or propose. This emphasizes the official and structured nature of the suggestion.
학생회는 학교 측에 공식적으로 시설 개선을 건의했습니다.
— Points for suggestion; things to suggest. Often used when asking for feedback.
혹시 건의할 점이 있다면 편하게 말씀해주세요.
— According to the suggestion(s). Used to indicate that an action was taken based on a proposal.
건의에 따라, 회사는 새로운 복지 제도를 도입했습니다.
— Suggestions and proposals. Often seen together in formal documents or requests for feedback.
이번 설문조사는 여러분의 건의 및 제안을 받기 위해 마련되었습니다.
— To submit a written proposal or suggestion. This highlights the formal documentation aspect.
그는 문제 해결을 위한 건의서를 제출했습니다.
— As suggested; as proposed. Used to refer back to a previous suggestion.
건의하시피, 저희는 이 부분을 수정했습니다.
— Receipt of suggestions/proposals. Common in announcements or forms.
회사에서는 직원들의 건의 사항 접수 창구를 운영하고 있습니다.
— To gather or collect suggestions. Implies an active effort to solicit and consider proposals.
정부는 국민들의 다양한 의견을 건의를 수렴하여 정책에 반영할 계획입니다.
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
'제안하다' is a more general term for suggesting or proposing and can be used in both formal and informal situations. '건의하다' specifically implies a formal suggestion made to a superior or an organization for consideration.
'요청하다' means to request and is a direct ask for something. '건의하다' is about proposing an idea or plan for consideration, often with the goal of improvement, not just asking for something.
'추천하다' means to recommend, based on personal endorsement or belief in quality. It's about vouching for something, whereas '건의하다' is about proposing a course of action or an idea.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— This is not a standard idiom. The word '건의하다' itself implies a formal and significant act of suggestion, so an idiom like '손톱만큼' (as small as a fingernail) would contradict its meaning and formality.
N/A (This phrase is not idiomatic in Korean for '건의하다')
— To enthusiastically and proactively suggest or propose something, taking initiative. It implies a strong desire to contribute and make a difference.
그는 회사의 어려움을 해결하기 위해 발 벗고 나서서 새로운 사업 모델을 건의했습니다.
— To suggest or propose something based on one's own firm beliefs or convictions, even if it might be unpopular or challenging.
비록 반대가 예상되었지만, 그는 자신의 소신껏 건의했습니다.
— This phrase is contradictory. '묵묵부답' means to remain silent or unresponsive. You cannot '건의하다' (suggest) while remaining silent. It likely refers to a situation where someone made a suggestion ('건의') but received no response.
그의 건의는 묵묵부답으로 돌아왔다.
— To suggest or propose something after gathering courage, especially when it involves speaking to a superior or proposing something sensitive.
그녀는 용기를 내어 상사에게 자신의 어려움을 건의했습니다.
— To suggest or propose something in a detailed and specific manner, providing clear information and plans.
단순히 문제점을 지적하는 것을 넘어, 구체적으로 건의했습니다.
— To suggest or propose something in a well-planned and strategic way, considering the best approach and timing.
그는 회사의 장기적인 목표 달성을 위해 전략적으로 건의했습니다.
— To actively collect and consider suggestions. This emphasizes the recipient's engagement with proposals.
회사는 직원들의 건의사항을 적극 수렴하여 조직 문화를 개선하고 있습니다.
— To accept or agree to a suggestion or proposal.
다행히, 회사는 그의 건의를 받아들였습니다.
— To ignore or disregard a suggestion or proposal.
그의 중요한 건의를 무시하는 것은 큰 실수였다.
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Both verbs mean 'to suggest' or 'to propose'.
'건의하다' is more formal and implies a suggestion made to a superior, organization, or public body for consideration and potential action. '제안하다' is more general and can be used in both formal and informal contexts, with less emphasis on hierarchy or official consideration.
저는 친구에게 영화를 <strong>제안했습니다</strong>. (I suggested a movie to my friend.) <br> 저는 팀장님께 새로운 업무 방식을 <strong>건의했습니다</strong>. (I suggested a new way of working to the team leader.)
Both involve asking for something.
'요청하다' is a direct request for an action, item, or service. It can be formal or informal. '건의하다' is specifically about proposing an idea, plan, or opinion for consideration, usually with the aim of improvement or change within a formal structure.
저는 회의실 사용 시간을 <strong>요청했습니다</strong>. (I requested the meeting room usage time.) <br> 저는 회의실 운영 방식 개선을 <strong>건의했습니다</strong>. (I suggested improvements to the meeting room operation method.)
Both can involve presenting something to someone.
'추천하다' means to recommend something or someone based on personal endorsement or belief in its quality or suitability. '건의하다' is about proposing an idea or plan for consideration by an authority, not necessarily based on personal endorsement but on reasoned argument for improvement or change.
저는 이 책을 모두에게 <strong>추천합니다</strong>. (I recommend this book to everyone.) <br> 저는 이 책을 도서관에 비치하도록 <strong>건의했습니다</strong>. (I suggested that this book be stocked in the library.)
Both involve expressing thoughts.
'의견을 말하다' is a general phrase for stating one's opinion. It's a passive expression of views. '건의하다' is an active, formal proposal of an idea or plan to a superior or organization for consideration and potential action.
저는 이 문제에 대한 <strong>의견을 말했습니다</strong>. (I stated my opinion on this issue.) <br> 저는 이 문제에 대한 해결책을 <strong>건의했습니다</strong>. (I suggested a solution to this issue.)
Both can occur in a hierarchical context.
'보고하다' means to report, usually conveying information, facts, or findings. It's about presenting what has happened or what is known. '건의하다' is about proposing new ideas or solutions for consideration, aiming for change or improvement.
직원은 상사에게 프로젝트 진행 상황을 <strong>보고했습니다</strong>. (The employee reported the project's progress to the boss.) <br> 직원은 프로젝트 진행을 더 효율적으로 만들기 위한 방법을 <strong>건의했습니다</strong>. (The employee suggested ways to make project progress more efficient.)
الگوهای جملهسازی
[Subject] + [Object] + 을/를 + 건의하다.
학생이 선생님께 <strong>건의했습니다</strong>.
[Subject] + [Recipient] + 에게/께 + [Object] + 을/를 + 건의하다.
직원이 상사에게 <strong>건의했습니다</strong>.
저는 [Reason] + 때문에 + [Object] + 을/를 + 건의하고 싶습니다.
저는 문제가 심각하기 때문에 <strong>건의하고 싶습니다</strong>.
[Object] + 을/를 + 건의하시기 바랍니다.
개선점을 <strong>건의하시기 바랍니다</strong>.
[Subject] + [Object] + 에 대한 + 건의사항.
회의에서는 <strong>건의사항</strong>을 논의했습니다.
[Subject] + [Reason] + 을/를 + 근거로 + [Object] + 을/를 + 건의하다.
데이터를 근거로 <strong>건의했습니다</strong>.
[Subject] + [Object] + 을/를 + 건의하는 + [Noun Phrase].
<strong>건의하는</strong> 태도.
[Subject] + [Object] + 을/를 + [Recipient] + 에게/께 + [Context] + 와/과 + 함께 + 건의하다.
그는 <strong>회사에</strong> <strong>성장 전략과</strong> <strong>함께</strong> <strong>건의했습니다</strong>.
خانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
High (especially in professional and civic contexts)
-
Using '건의하다' for casual suggestions to friends.
→
Use '제안하다' or '말하다' for informal suggestions.
'건의하다' is formal and implies a suggestion to a superior or organization. Using it casually can sound inappropriate or overly serious.
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Incorrect particle usage (e.g., mixing up recipient and object particles).
→
The object suggested takes '을/를', and the recipient takes '에게/께/에'.
Misusing particles leads to unclear or grammatically incorrect sentences, confusing who is suggesting what to whom.
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Confusing '건의하다' with '요청하다'.
→
'건의하다' is for proposing ideas/plans for consideration; '요청하다' is a direct request for an action/item.
'건의하다' focuses on suggesting improvements or new approaches, while '요청하다' is a more straightforward ask.
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Using '건의하다' without a clear recipient or authority.
→
Always direct '건의하다' to a superior, organization, or relevant authority.
The formality of '건의하다' implies a submission to someone who can consider or act on the suggestion. Suggesting to peers without a formal context is usually inappropriate.
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Using the wrong politeness level.
→
Choose the appropriate verb ending based on the recipient's status and your relationship (e.g., '건의합니다' for very formal, '건의해요' for polite informal).
Using an overly casual or overly formal ending can create social awkwardness or disrespect.
نکات
Particle Power
Master the use of particles: '을/를' for the item being suggested, and '에게/께/에' for the recipient. Correct particle usage is crucial for clarity.
Build Your Base
Learn related nouns like '건의사항' (suggestions) and '건의서' (written proposal) to expand your understanding and usage of the concept.
Mind the Vowels
Pay attention to the vowel sounds, especially 'eo' in '건' and the diphthong 'ui' in '의'. Practicing with native speakers or pronunciation guides is recommended.
Respectful Approach
Remember that '건의하다' implies a respectful and formal approach. Frame your suggestions thoughtfully, acknowledging the recipient's position.
Visualize Construction
Visualize '건' as building and '의' as opinion. Imagine constructing a formal opinion to present, which helps solidify the meaning and formality of '건의하다'.
Role-Play Scenarios
Practice using '건의하다' in role-playing exercises, such as suggesting a policy change in a mock meeting or proposing an idea to a hypothetical boss.
Distinguish from Similar Words
Clearly differentiate '건의하다' from '제안하다' (general suggestion), '요청하다' (request), and '추천하다' (recommend) based on context and formality.
Structure Your Proposal
When writing a formal suggestion, clearly state the issue, your proposed solution, and the expected benefits. This structure makes your '건의' more impactful.
Listen for Context
When you hear '건의하다', pay attention to the surrounding conversation or text to understand the formality and the relationship between the speaker and the listener.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Think of '건' (geon) as in 'build' or 'construct', and '의' (ui) as in 'opinion' or 'idea'. So, '건의하다' is like 'building' or 'constructing' an opinion or idea to present it formally. Imagine carefully constructing a proposal (building an idea) to give to your boss.
تداعی تصویری
Picture a person carefully placing building blocks (representing ideas) onto a pedestal, and then presenting this structure to a person sitting on a higher throne (representing a superior or organization). The act of building the structure is '건의하다'.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to use '건의하다' in a sentence describing a situation where you would suggest an improvement to your teacher or a school administrator. Focus on the formal aspect of the suggestion.
ریشه کلمه
The word '건의하다' is derived from Hanja (Chinese characters used in Korean). The Hanja characters are 建議하다. '建' (geon) means to build, establish, or propose, and '議' (ui) means to discuss, deliberate, or opinion. Together, 建議 implies proposing or establishing an opinion or idea through discussion or deliberation. The verb ending '하다' is added to turn the noun concept into an action verb.
معنای اصلی: The original meaning from the Hanja suggests 'to establish an opinion' or 'to propose a deliberated idea'. It carries the nuance of carefully constructing and presenting a viewpoint for consideration.
Koreanic (with significant Sino-Korean vocabulary)بافت فرهنگی
When using '건의하다', it's important to be mindful of the recipient's position and the context. The suggestion should be well-reasoned, respectful, and presented in an appropriate manner. Avoid using it in overly casual situations where it might sound out of place or pretentious.
In English-speaking cultures, direct feedback and suggestions are often encouraged, even in informal settings. While formal proposals exist (e.g., business proposals), the Korean concept of '건의하다' is more deeply tied to hierarchical relationships and a cultural emphasis on indirect communication and respect for authority.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
Workplace communication, suggesting improvements or new ideas to a supervisor or management.
- 개선 방안을 건의하다
- 새로운 아이디어를 건의하다
- 상사에게 건의하다
Formal meetings or official gatherings, presenting proposals or opinions.
- 공식적으로 건의하다
- 의견을 건의하다
- 건의할 점
Interacting with public institutions or government bodies, citizens suggesting policy changes or improvements.
- 정책에 대해 건의하다
- 시청에 건의하다
- 건의사항
Academic settings, students suggesting curriculum changes or improvements to administration.
- 학교 측에 건의하다
- 학생회에서 건의하다
- 건의사항을 제출하다
Formal requests for feedback or suggestions.
- 건의하시기 바랍니다
- 건의사항 접수
- 건의를 수렴하다
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"If you had the chance to suggest one improvement to your workplace, what would it be and how would you '건의하다' it?"
"Imagine you are a citizen wanting to propose a new park in your neighborhood. How would you '건의하다' this to the local government?"
"What are some situations where it's important to '건의하다' rather than just casually '제안하다'?"
"Think about a time you wanted to suggest something important. How could you have used '건의하다' in that context?"
"How does the concept of '건의하다' reflect Korean workplace culture?"
موضوعات نگارش
Describe a hypothetical scenario where you need to '건의하다' a significant change to your company's policy. Write out your proposal.
Reflect on the difference between '건의하다' and '제안하다'. When would you choose one over the other?
Write a short dialogue where an employee '건의하다's' a new idea to their manager.
Consider a time you observed someone '건의하다' something in Korean media or real life. What was the context and outcome?
How can understanding '건의하다' help you navigate professional or formal situations in Korea?
سوالات متداول
10 سوالWhile both mean 'to suggest' or 'to propose', '건의하다' is specifically used for formal suggestions made to a superior, an organization, or a public body for consideration. It implies a higher level of formality and respect for the recipient's authority. '제안하다' is a more general term that can be used in both formal and informal contexts, such as suggesting a movie to a friend or proposing a project to a colleague.
Generally, no. '건의하다' carries a strong sense of formality and is reserved for suggestions made to those in positions of authority or to organizations. Using it in casual conversation with friends might sound overly stiff or pretentious. For informal suggestions, '제안하다' or simply '말하다' (to say) would be more appropriate.
The typical recipients are superiors (bosses, managers, professors), organizations (companies, schools, government agencies), or public bodies (city hall, local council). The key is that the recipient has the authority to consider and potentially act upon the suggestion.
The most common noun form is '건의사항' (geonui-sahang), which means 'items for suggestion' or 'proposals'. Another related noun is '건의' (geonui), meaning 'suggestion' or 'proposal' itself. You might also see '건의서' (geonui-seo), meaning a written proposal.
The verb itself implies a respectful and formal act of suggestion. The politeness level of the sentence will depend on the verb ending used (e.g., '건의합니다' is formal, '건의해요' is polite informal). However, the core meaning of '건의하다' inherently involves a degree of politeness and deference due to the context of suggesting to a superior or organization.
You don't directly '건의하다' a problem itself. Instead, you would '건의하다' a solution or a way to address the problem. For example, you would '건의하다' a plan to fix a problem, rather than '건의하다' the problem itself.
'건의하다' is about proposing an idea or plan for consideration, often with the goal of improvement. '요청하다' is a more direct request for an action, service, or item. You might '요청하다' a document, but you would '건의하다' a new policy for filing documents.
A suggestion box is commonly called '건의함' (geonui-ham) or '건의함' (geonui-ham). It's a physical or virtual place where people can submit their '건의사항'.
Use '건의하다' when you are presenting a structured idea or plan for consideration by an authority, aiming for action or change. Use '의견을 말하다' when you are simply expressing your personal thoughts or opinions without necessarily proposing a formal course of action.
Yes, '건의하다' reflects the hierarchical nature of Korean society. It's a way to offer constructive input respectfully, acknowledging the position of the superior or organization. Historically, offering advice to royalty was a significant act, and '건의하다' carries echoes of this formal tradition in modern contexts.
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Summary
Use '건의하다' when you are formally suggesting an idea, opinion, or plan to someone in a higher position or to an organization, expecting them to consider it.
- A formal suggestion or proposal made to a superior or organization.
- Use when presenting ideas for consideration in a professional or official setting.
- Implies respect and a structured approach to proposing change or improvements.
- Distinct from casual suggestions; requires a recipient with authority.
Context is Key
Always consider who you are speaking to and the setting. '건의하다' is for formal suggestions to superiors or organizations. For casual suggestions to friends, use '제안하다' or '말하다'.
Particle Power
Master the use of particles: '을/를' for the item being suggested, and '에게/께/에' for the recipient. Correct particle usage is crucial for clarity.
Build Your Base
Learn related nouns like '건의사항' (suggestions) and '건의서' (written proposal) to expand your understanding and usage of the concept.
Mind the Vowels
Pay attention to the vowel sounds, especially 'eo' in '건' and the diphthong 'ui' in '의'. Practicing with native speakers or pronunciation guides is recommended.
مثال
근무 환경 개선을 위해 사장님께 직접 건의했습니다.
