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B2 verb 12 دقیقه مطالعه

przewidzieć

مثال‌ها
توضیح przewidzieć in your Level:
At the A1 level, the word 'przewidzieć' is quite advanced and is usually not taught. Instead, students focus on the root 'widzieć' (to see) and simple future constructions using 'będę' (I will be). An A1 learner might understand the concept of 'seeing' things, but wouldn't have the grammatical tools to use 'przewidzieć' correctly. If they encounter it, they should recognize 'widzieć' inside it and understand it has something to do with seeing. At this stage, it's better to use simple phrases like 'Myślę, że jutro będzie słońce' (I think it will be sunny tomorrow) rather than trying to use 'przewidzieć'. However, learning that 'prze-' is a prefix that changes meaning is a good first step toward higher-level vocabulary. Focus on basic verbs first, but keep this word in the back of your mind as a 'goal' word for when you want to express more complex thoughts about the future. You might hear it in very simple contexts like 'Nie widzę' vs 'Przewiduję', but even then, it's rare at the absolute beginner level. Most A1 textbooks will stick to 'planować' (to plan) for future-oriented actions.
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At the A2 level, learners start to encounter more complex prefixed verbs. You might see 'przewidzieć' in simple reading passages about the weather or simple plans. At this stage, you should start to distinguish between 'widzieć' (to see) and 'przewidzieć' (to foresee). You might not use it actively in conversation yet, but you should be able to recognize it in a sentence like 'On przewidział deszcz' (He predicted rain). You are also learning the past tense, so you can start to see how 'przewidział' is formed. It's important to start noticing the difference between 'przewidzieć' and 'powiedzieć' (to say), as they look somewhat similar to a beginner's eye. A2 learners are building the foundation for understanding the 'perfective' aspect, so 'przewidzieć' serves as a great example of a verb that describes a completed mental action. You can use it in simple sentences about your day, like 'Przewidziałem, że autobus się spóźni' (I predicted the bus would be late). This adds a layer of sophistication to your Polish that goes beyond basic 'A1' descriptions. Don't worry too much about the complex cases yet, just focus on the basic meaning of seeing something before it happens.
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By the B1 level, 'przewidzieć' should become part of your active vocabulary, especially in writing. You are now expected to discuss opinions, hopes, and future events with more precision. Instead of just saying 'Myślę, że...' (I think that...), you can say 'Przewiduję, że...' (I predict that...) to sound more confident and analytical. At B1, you should understand the difference between the perfective 'przewidzieć' and the imperfective 'przewidywać'. You'll use 'przewidzieć' when you're talking about a specific result you got right, like 'Przewidziałem wynik meczu!' (I predicted the score of the match!). You'll also start to see this word in news articles and more complex stories. It's a key word for the B1 exam, where you might have to describe a situation and its potential outcomes. You should also be comfortable with the past tense forms across all genders. Start using it in your journals or when talking about your work or studies. For example, 'Przewidziałem, że ten egzamin będzie trudny' (I foresaw that this exam would be difficult). This shows you are moving beyond simple descriptions and into the realm of analysis and foresight, which is a hallmark of the intermediate level.
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B2 is the 'home' level for 'przewidzieć'. At this stage, you should use it fluently and correctly in a variety of contexts—from professional to casual. You understand that 'przewidzieć' is perfective and you use its future forms (przewidzę, przewidzisz) correctly without needing the auxiliary 'będę'. You are also familiar with the passive participle 'przewidziany' (foreseen/planned) and use it in phrases like 'zgodnie z przewidzianym planem' (according to the foreseen plan). You can handle the shift to the genitive case in negative sentences: 'Nie przewidzieliśmy tych zmian' (We didn't foresee these changes). At B2, you also start to appreciate the stylistic difference between 'przewidzieć' and synonyms like 'prognozować' or 'przepowiadać'. You use 'przewidzieć' to show logical foresight in business meetings or academic discussions. You can also use it in more idiomatic ways, like 'Kto by to przewidział?' to express surprise. Your ability to use this word correctly in both its literal and more abstract (legal/bureaucratic) senses is a strong indicator of your B2 proficiency. You should be able to write an essay discussing future trends using this word multiple times with different grammatical structures.
At the C1 level, your use of 'przewidzieć' is nuanced and stylistically varied. You don't just use the verb; you use the whole word family, including 'przewidywalność' (predictability) and 'nieprzewidywalność' (unpredictability). You understand the subtle implications of using 'przewidzieć' in a legal text (where it means 'to provide for') versus a literary text (where it might imply a tragic foresight). You are also comfortable with more rare forms like the gerund 'przewidzenie' or the archaic-sounding 'przewidziawszy' (having foreseen). A C1 learner can use 'przewidzieć' to engage in high-level debate about philosophy, economics, or technology. You might use it to critique a theory: 'Autor nie przewidział socjologicznych skutków swojej teorii' (The author did not foresee the sociological effects of his theory). You also use it with a range of sophisticated adverbs, like 'trafnie przewidzieć' (to accurately foresee) or 'naiwnie przewidzieć' (to naively foresee). At this level, the word is not just a tool for communication, but a brush for painting precise shades of meaning. You can also compare and contrast it with Latinate synonyms like 'antycypować' to vary your register depending on your audience.
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At the C2 level, 'przewidzieć' is used with the ease and precision of a native speaker. You are aware of its historical roots and how it fits into the broader Slavic linguistic family. You can use it in highly formal, legal, or poetic contexts with absolute grammatical accuracy. You might use it in complex conditional sentences or with subtle modal verbs to express degrees of certainty. For a C2 learner, 'przewidzieć' is often used to discuss the limits of human cognition or the nature of time itself. You might use it in a sentence like 'W świecie rządzonym przez chaos, próba przewidzenia czegokolwiek jest aktem najwyższej pychy' (In a world ruled by chaos, the attempt to foresee anything is an act of supreme hubris). You also understand the cultural weight of the word—how it relates to the Polish national identity, historical traumas (events that 'no one could have foreseen'), and the value placed on foresight in Polish society. You can play with the word, using it in puns or creative writing. Your mastery is such that you can use the word's absence—choosing a more obscure synonym or a descriptive phrase—to achieve a specific rhetorical effect. To you, 'przewidzieć' is a fundamental building block of the Polish intellectual landscape.
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مثال‌ها

The Polish verb przewidzieć is a sophisticated and essential term that translates most directly to the English 'to foresee,' 'to predict,' or 'to anticipate.' At its core, it is a perfective verb, meaning it focuses on the completed action of successfully identifying a future event or outcome before it happens. In the landscape of Polish vocabulary, it sits at the intersection of observation and logic. When you use przewidzieć, you aren't just guessing; you are implying a level of insight or calculation that allows you to see 'through' (the prefix prze-) the current moment into what lies ahead (the root widzieć, meaning 'to see').

The Perfective Aspect
Because it is perfective, it is used when the prediction is a specific, one-time occurrence. If you are talking about the general ability to predict things over time, you would use the imperfective form, przewidywać. For example, a weather forecaster przewiduje (is predicting) the rain every day, but once they have made a specific call about tomorrow's storm, they have przewidzieli (predicted) it.

Nikt nie mógł przewidzieć, że kurs akcji tak gwałtownie spadnie w ciągu jednej nocy.

This word is ubiquitous in professional environments. In business, managers use it to discuss market trends and risk assessment. In politics, analysts use it to describe the potential outcomes of elections or policy changes. However, it is equally common in daily life. You might use it when talking about the weather, the behavior of a friend, or the results of a sports match. It carries a certain weight of intellectual authority; saying you 'predicted' something suggests you were smart enough or observant enough to see the signs that others missed.

Formal Usage
In formal writing, such as legal documents or technical manuals, przewidzieć often means 'to provide for' or 'to stipulate.' For example, a contract might 'przewidzieć' a penalty for late payment. In this context, it isn't about psychic ability, but about intentional planning for future possibilities.

Umowa przewiduje możliwość przedłużenia współpracy o kolejny rok.

Socially, the word can also be used in a self-deprecating or accusatory way. 'Powinieneś był to przewidzieć!' (You should have foreseen this!) is a common phrase used when someone makes a mistake that seems obvious in hindsight. Conversely, 'Nie dało się tego przewidzieć' (It was impossible to foresee) is a standard defense when things go wrong despite careful planning. Understanding the nuance between these two states—the predictable and the unpredictable—is a key part of mastering Polish at a B2 level.

Scientific Context
In science, przewidzieć is used to describe the predictive power of a theory or hypothesis. If a mathematical model can 'przewidzieć' the movement of a planet, it is considered robust. Here, the word takes on a very precise, data-driven meaning, moving away from intuition toward empirical evidence.

Model matematyczny pozwolił naukowcom przewidzieć moment zaćmienia słońca z dokładnością do sekundy.

Czy potrafisz przewidzieć, co się stanie, jeśli nie zmienimy naszej strategii?

Using przewidzieć correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical structure and the way it interacts with other parts of the sentence. As a transitive verb, it usually takes a direct object in the accusative case (biernik) or is followed by a subordinate clause starting with że (that), czy (whether), or kiedy (when). This flexibility makes it a powerful tool for expressing complex thoughts about the future.

Direct Object Construction
When you foresee a specific thing, use the accusative. For example: 'Przewidzieć przyszłość' (To foresee the future) or 'Przewidzieć wynik' (To foresee the result). Note that 'przyszłość' and 'wynik' are the direct objects being 'seen' ahead of time.

Eksperci próbowali przewidzieć wynik nadchodzących wyborów parlamentarnych.

When you want to describe a whole situation that you foresee, you use a subordinate clause. This is incredibly common in both spoken and written Polish. 'Przewiduję, że...' (I predict that...) is the standard way to introduce a forecast. Remember that since przewidzieć is perfective, its 'present' tense forms actually function as the future tense. So, 'przewidzę' means 'I will foresee/predict,' not 'I am predicting' (which would be 'przewiduję').

Negative Sentences
In negative sentences, the direct object shifts from the accusative to the genitive case (dopełniacz). For example: 'Nie przewidzieliśmy takich trudności' (We didn't foresee such difficulties). Here, 'trudności' is in the genitive case because of the 'nie'.

Niestety, nikt nie przewidział tak silnego oporu ze strony konkurencji.

Another important usage is in the passive voice or as a past participle acting as an adjective. 'Przewidziany' (foreseen/planned) is used to describe things that are expected. For example, 'przewidziany czas pracy' (the foreseen/planned work time). This is very common in schedules and project management. If something was 'nieprzewidziane' (unforeseen), it means it was a surprise or an accident.

Reflexive Potential
While 'przewidzieć się' is not a standard reflexive verb, you will often see it used with 'dać się' to express possibility. 'To dało się przewidzieć' means 'That could have been foreseen' or 'That was predictable.'

Wszystko poszło zgodnie z przewidzianym planem, bez żadnych niespodzianek.

Trudno przewidzieć, jak opinia publiczna zareaguje na te zmiany.

In Poland, you will encounter przewidzieć in a variety of high-stakes and everyday situations. It is a word that signals transition from the present to the future, and as such, it is a staple of news broadcasts, financial reports, and weather forecasts. If you turn on the evening news (Wiadomości or Fakty), you will almost certainly hear an economist or a politician using this verb to discuss the implications of a new law or a global event.

The News and Media
Journalists often ask experts: 'Jakie skutki może przewidzieć pan dla naszej gospodarki?' (What effects can you foresee for our economy?). This is the standard way to solicit a professional opinion about the future. You'll also see it in headlines like 'Eksperci przewidzieli kryzys' (Experts predicted the crisis).

W dzisiejszym wydaniu wiadomości sprawdzimy, czy analitycy zdołali przewidzieć wzrost cen paliw.

In the workplace, przewidzieć is a keyword in project management and strategic planning. During a spotkanie (meeting), a manager might ask the team to 'przewidzieć potencjalne ryzyka' (foresee potential risks). In this context, it is synonymous with 'risk assessment.' If a project fails, the post-mortem often revolves around what was not 'przewidziane' (foreseen). It's a word that carries accountability.

Legal and Bureaucratic Language
When dealing with Polish bureaucracy—whether it's applying for a visa or signing a rental agreement—you will see przewidzieć used to define the scope of rules. 'Regulamin przewiduje...' (The regulations provide for...) is the standard opening for describing what is allowed or required under specific circumstances.

Polskie prawo przewiduje surowe kary za jazdę pod wpływem alkoholu.

In casual conversation, you'll hear it in the form of 'Kto by to przewidział?' (Who could have foreseen that?). This is a very common idiomatic expression used to express surprise at an unexpected turn of events. It’s often said with a shrug of the shoulders or a sigh, acknowledging the unpredictability of life. You'll also hear it in sports commentary: 'Komentatorzy nie przewidzieli tak szybkiego gola' (The commentators didn't foresee such a quick goal).

Literature and Film
In Polish cinema and literature, especially in the sci-fi genre (think Stanisław Lem), przewidzieć is used to discuss the future of humanity and technology. Authors use it to explore the limits of human knowledge and the dangers of trying to control the future.

W swojej powieści autor próbował przewidzieć rozwój sztucznej inteligencji w XXI wieku.

Czy ktokolwiek mógł przewidzieć, że ta mała firma stanie się globalnym gigantem?

Learning to use przewidzieć correctly involves avoiding several common pitfalls, particularly those related to aspect, case, and similar-sounding words. Because Polish is an aspect-heavy language, the most frequent mistake for English speakers is confusing przewidzieć (perfective) with przewidywać (imperfective). Remember: use przewidzieć for a completed, specific prediction, and przewidywać for the process of predicting or habitual actions.

Mistake 1: Aspect Confusion
Incorrect: 'Zawsze przewidzę pogodę' (I will always foresee the weather - sounds like a specific future promise). Correct: 'Zawsze przewiduję pogodę' (I always predict the weather - a habitual action). Use the perfective form when you are talking about a specific instance where you were right (or wrong) about the future.

Myliłem się, myśląc, że potrafię przewidzieć każdą jego reakcję.

Another common error is the case of the object following the verb. As mentioned, przewidzieć takes the accusative case. However, beginners often default to the nominative or incorrectly use the genitive in positive sentences. Incorrect: 'Przewidziałem kryzysu' (Genitive). Correct: 'Przewidziałem kryzys' (Accusative). Only switch to genitive when the sentence is negative: 'Nie przewidziałem kryzysu.'

Mistake 2: Confusing with 'Widzieć' or 'Zobaczyć'
While 'przewidzieć' contains the root for 'to see', it is strictly about the future. Don't use it to mean 'to see through something' physically or to 'see ahead' on a road. For physical sight, use 'widzieć' or 'dostrzec'. 'Przewidzieć' is a mental, cognitive action.

Nie mogłem przewidzieć, że droga będzie zablokowana (I couldn't foresee the road would be blocked - correct mental prediction).

The conjugation of the future tense is also a stumbling block. Because it's perfective, the 'present' forms (przewidzę, przewidzisz) are future. Learners often try to create a future tense using będę + infinitive (e.g., będę przewidzieć), which is grammatically impossible. You can only use będę with the imperfective przewidywać (e.g., będę przewidywał - I will be predicting).

Mistake 3: Overusing 'Przepowiedzieć'
Learners sometimes use 'przepowiedzieć' (to prophesy) when they mean 'przewidzieć'. While similar, 'przepowiedzieć' has a mystical or magical connotation (like a fortune teller). Use 'przewidzieć' for logical, data-based, or intuitive predictions in everyday life.

To nie była magia, po prostu udało mi się przewidzieć fakty.

Czy naprawdę myślałeś, że nikt nie zdoła przewidzieć twoich zamiarów?

Polish offers a rich palette of words for looking into the future. While przewidzieć is the most versatile and common, knowing its synonyms and alternatives will help you sound more natural and precise. Each of these words carries a slightly different 'flavor' or register, ranging from the scientific to the supernatural.

Prognozować vs. Przewidzieć
'Prognozować' (to forecast) is more technical and is almost always used in the context of weather or economics. While you can 'przewidzieć' that your friend will be late, you would 'prognozować' a 2% growth in GDP. 'Prognozować' is imperfective; the perfective is 'sprognozować'.

Meteorolodzy prognozują opady śniegu, ale ja przewidziałem, że w ogóle nie wyjdziemy z domu.

Another close relative is przepowiedzieć (to prophesy/predict). This word is often linked to fate, destiny, or fortune-telling. If a 'wróżka' (fortune teller) tells you that you will meet a tall stranger, she 'przepowiada' your future. 'Przewidzieć' is much more grounded in reality and logic. Use 'przepowiedzieć' for things that feel like 'destiny' and 'przewidzieć' for things that feel like 'planning' or 'insight'.

Oczekiwać vs. Przewidzieć
'Oczekiwać' means 'to expect' or 'to wait for.' While 'przewidzieć' is an act of foresight, 'oczekiwać' is a state of mind. You might 'przewidzieć' a problem and therefore 'oczekiwać' a delay. 'Przewidzieć' is the flash of insight; 'oczekiwać' is the subsequent waiting period.

Możemy przewidzieć trudności, ale musimy oczekiwać najlepszego.

If you are talking about something that is simply 'planned' or 'intended,' you might use planować or zakładać (to assume/presuppose). 'Zakładać' is very common in logical arguments: 'Zakładając, że...' (Assuming that...). It's a more tentative version of 'przewidzieć'. You 'zakładasz' something when you don't have enough proof to fully 'przewidzieć' it.

Domyślić się
'Domyślić się' means 'to guess' or 'to figure out.' It often refers to something that is already true but hidden, whereas 'przewidzieć' is always about the future. However, they overlap when you 'figure out' what someone is about to do. 'Domyśliłem się, co zrobisz' is very similar to 'Przewidziałem, co zrobisz.'

Nie trzeba być geniuszem, żeby domyślić się zakończenia tego filmu, ale nikt nie zdołał przewidzieć ostatniej sceny.

Staramy się antycypować potrzeby klientów, zanim sami je przewidzą.

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

Widzę dom.

I see a house.

A1 focuses on the root 'widzieć' (to see).

2

On widzi mamę.

He sees mom.

Third person singular of 'widzieć'.

3

Czy widzisz to?

Do you see this?

Question form using 'widzieć'.

4

Jutro będzie słońce.

Tomorrow it will be sunny.

Using 'będzie' for future, a precursor to prediction.

5

Myślę, że on przyjdzie.

I think he will come.

Expressing a simple prediction with 'myślę'.

6

On patrzy na mapę.

He is looking at the map.

A1 focuses on looking/seeing.

7

Nie widzę kluczy.

I don't see the keys.

Negative form of 'widzieć'.

8

Widzimy się jutro.

We see each other tomorrow.

Reflexive 'widzieć się' for meetings.

1

Przewidziałem deszcz.

I predicted rain.

Past tense, masculine, 1st person singular.

2

Ona przewidziała to.

She predicted it.

Past tense, feminine, 3rd person singular.

3

Czy to przewidziałeś?

Did you predict that?

Question in the past tense.

4

Oni przewidzieli wynik.

They predicted the score.

Past tense, masculine personal plural.

5

Nie przewidziałem tego.

I didn't predict this.

Negative past tense.

6

Możesz to przewidzieć?

Can you predict this?

Infinitive after 'możesz'.

7

Przewidzę wszystko.

I will predict everything.

Future tense (perfective 'present').

8

To łatwo przewidzieć.

It's easy to predict.

Adverb + infinitive.

1

Przewiduję, że jutro będzie padać.

I predict that it will rain tomorrow.

Imperfective 'przewiduję' used for ongoing prediction.

2

Trudno przewidzieć przyszłość.

It's hard to foresee the future.

Infinitive usage with the adverb 'trudno'.

3

Przewidziałem, że spóźnisz się.

I foresaw that you would be late.

Perfective past tense showing a specific correct prediction.

4

Kto mógł to przewidzieć?

Who could have foreseen that?

Modal 'mógł' + infinitive.

5

Musimy przewidzieć koszty.

We must foresee/estimate the costs.

Modal 'musimy' + infinitive.

6

On zawsze przewiduje problemy.

He always predicts problems.

Imperfective 'przewiduje' for a habit.

7

Nikt nie przewidział wypadku.

No one foresaw the accident.

Negative perfective past tense.

8

Przewidziany plan jest prosty.

The foreseen/planned plan is simple.

Passive participle used as an adjective.

1

Eksperci przewidzieli kryzys gospodarczy.

Experts foresaw the economic crisis.

Perfective past tense, professional context.

2

Umowa przewiduje kary za opóźnienia.

The contract provides for penalties for delays.

Formal usage meaning 'to stipulate' or 'provide for'.

3

Czy potrafisz przewidzieć skutki tej decyzji?

Can you foresee the effects of this decision?

Abstract usage of 'skutki' (effects).

4

To było nie do przewidzenia.

That was impossible to foresee.

Idiomatic construction 'nie do + gerund'.

5

Należy przewidzieć wszelkie możliwe scenariusze.

One should foresee all possible scenarios.

Formal 'należy' + infinitive.

6

Przewidziałem twoją reakcję na tę wiadomość.

I foresaw your reaction to this news.

Direct object 'reakcję' in the accusative.

7

Budżet nie przewiduje takich wydatków.

The budget does not provide for such expenses.

Negative sentence with object in the genitive.

8

Planujemy wszystko zgodnie z przewidzianym harmonogramem.

We plan everything according to the foreseen schedule.

Adjectival use of 'przewidziany'.

1

Trudno było antycypować i przewidzieć tak gwałtowną zmianę nastrojów.

It was hard to anticipate and foresee such a violent shift in moods.

Pairing 'przewidzieć' with a sophisticated synonym.

2

Autor trafnie przewidział upadek starego porządku.

The author accurately foresaw the fall of the old order.

Using the adverb 'trafnie' (accurately).

3

Nie sposób przewidzieć, jak technologia wpłynie na nasze życie.

It is impossible to foresee how technology will affect our lives.

Sophisticated 'nie sposób' + infinitive.

4

Przewidziawszy trudności, przygotowaliśmy plan awaryjny.

Having foreseen the difficulties, we prepared a backup plan.

Contemporary use of the past adverbial participle.

5

Jego zdolność do przewidywania ruchów przeciwnika jest legendarna.

His ability to foresee the opponent's moves is legendary.

Noun form 'przewidywanie'.

6

Teoria ta pozwala przewidzieć zachowanie cząstek elementarnych.

This theory allows for predicting the behavior of elementary particles.

Scientific register.

7

Czy można było przewidzieć skalę tego zjawiska?

Could the scale of this phenomenon have been foreseen?

Passive question about scale.

8

Przewidziane w ustawie środki okazały się niewystarczające.

The measures provided for in the act proved to be insufficient.

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