coluna در ۳۰ ثانیه
- The word 'coluna' primarily refers to the human spine or 'coluna vertebral', essential for posture and protecting the spinal cord in medical contexts.
- In architecture, 'coluna' is a vertical pillar used for support or decoration, often seen in classical buildings like Greek temples or modern skyscrapers.
- For media and data, 'coluna' means a vertical section of text in a newspaper or a vertical line of cells in a spreadsheet.
- Metaphorically, 'coluna' represents a 'backbone' or 'mainstay', describing something or someone that provides essential support to a larger structure or organization.
The Portuguese word coluna is a multifaceted noun that primarily refers to a vertical support or a sequential arrangement of elements. In its most fundamental biological sense, it denotes the coluna vertebral (spinal column), which is the central structural pillar of the human body. This anatomical structure consists of a series of vertebrae that protect the spinal cord and provide the necessary rigidity for upright posture while maintaining the flexibility required for movement. Beyond biology, the term extends into the realm of architecture, where a coluna is a vertical structural element, often cylindrical, used to support a roof, an entablature, or simply as a decorative monument. In the context of media and journalism, a coluna refers to a recurring section in a newspaper or magazine written by a specific author, known as a colunista. Furthermore, in mathematics and data organization, such as in spreadsheets or matrices, a coluna is a vertical line of cells or numbers, contrasting with a linha (row).
- Anatomical Context
- Refers to the spine, specifically the 'coluna vertebral'. It is the axis of the skeleton.
- Architectural Context
- A pillar or post used in construction, often following classical orders like Doric, Ionic, or Corinthian.
- Typographical Context
- A vertical block of text on a page, common in newspapers and academic journals.
O médico disse que minha coluna está desalinhada devido à má postura no trabalho.
As colunas do Partenon são exemplos magníficos da arquitetura grega clássica.
Escrevo uma coluna semanal sobre política internacional no jornal local.
Por favor, some os valores que estão na segunda coluna da tabela Excel.
Uma coluna de fumaça subia aos céus após a explosão na fábrica.
Understanding 'coluna' requires recognizing its role as a 'support' or 'vertical sequence'. Whether it is supporting a building, a body, or a logical argument in a newspaper, the core concept remains stability and verticality. In Portuguese, the word is feminine (a coluna), and its plural form is 'colunas'. It is a cognate of the English word 'column', making it relatively easy for English speakers to remember, though its anatomical frequency is much higher in Portuguese than the English 'column' (which often yields to 'spine' or 'back').
Using the word coluna correctly depends heavily on the domain of conversation. In medical or health-related contexts, you will frequently use it with verbs like cuidar (to take care of), dobrar (to bend), or endireitar (to straighten). For example, 'Você precisa endireitar a sua coluna' (You need to straighten your back/spine). When discussing physical ailments, common adjectives include travada (locked/stuck) or torta (crooked). In architecture, 'coluna' is used to describe the structural integrity of a building. You might say, 'A casa é sustentada por quatro colunas de mármore'.
- Verb Collocations
- Sustentar a coluna, escrever uma coluna, alinhar a coluna, organizar em colunas.
- Adjective Pairings
- Coluna vertebral, coluna cervical, coluna dorsal, coluna lombar, coluna social.
In the digital and professional world, 'coluna' is indispensable for data analysis. When working with spreadsheets like Google Sheets or Excel, you distinguish between 'linhas' (rows) and 'colunas' (columns). A common instruction might be: 'Selecione a coluna B e mude a cor da fonte'. In journalism, the term 'coluna social' refers to a specific section of a newspaper dedicated to high-society events, parties, and celebrities. If someone says they are 'lendo a coluna do Fulano', they are referring to an opinion piece or a regular feature by a specific writer.
O fisioterapeuta recomendou exercícios para fortalecer a coluna lombar.
O arquiteto projetou colunas imponentes para a entrada do museu.
Na prova de matemática, os números devem ser organizados em colunas verticais.
Furthermore, 'coluna' can be used metaphorically to describe the 'backbone' or 'mainstay' of something. For instance, 'A agricultura é a coluna vertebral da economia deste estado' (Agriculture is the backbone of this state's economy). This usage highlights the essential, supportive nature of the object being described. In military or logistical contexts, a 'coluna de carros' or 'coluna militar' describes a line of vehicles or soldiers moving together. Always remember that 'coluna' implies a vertical or sequential structure, which helps in choosing it over synonyms like 'pilar' (which is more strictly architectural or metaphorical) or 'poste' (which is a utility pole).
You will encounter the word coluna in several distinct environments. The most common is likely the doctor's office or a gym. Physiotherapists (fisioterapeutas) and orthopedists (ortopedistas) use it constantly when discussing posture, injuries, or rehabilitation. Phrases like 'problemas de coluna' are ubiquitous in Brazilian and Portuguese culture, often used to explain why someone cannot lift heavy objects or why they need a specific type of chair. At the gym, instructors will remind you to 'manter a coluna reta' (keep your spine straight) during exercises like deadlifts or squats.
- Medical Setting
- 'Sua coluna está sob muita pressão.' (Your spine is under a lot of pressure.)
- Academic/Office Setting
- 'Adicione uma nova coluna à tabela para os comentários.' (Add a new column to the table for comments.)
In a professional or academic setting, 'coluna' is a standard term for data presentation. If you are watching a news report about the economy, the presenter might point to a 'gráfico de colunas' (a bar chart where the bars are vertical). In a newsroom or when discussing media, people talk about 'colunistas' (columnists) who have 'colunas' in major newspapers like Folha de S.Paulo or Público. These columns are influential spaces for political and social commentary.
O jornal de domingo traz uma coluna fascinante sobre tecnologia.
A coluna de mercúrio no termômetro começou a subir rapidamente.
Durante a visita guiada, o guia explicou a diferença entre as colunas jônicas e dóricas.
Finally, you might hear it in meteorological or disaster reports. A 'coluna de fumaça' (column of smoke) or a 'coluna de água' (water column/waterspout) are common descriptive terms. In everyday life, if you are helping someone move furniture, they might warn you: 'Cuidado com a coluna!' (Watch your back/spine!). This is a very common idiomatic warning in Portuguese-speaking countries, emphasizing the vulnerability of the back during physical labor.
One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing coluna with costas. While 'costas' refers to the entire back area (the surface), 'coluna' specifically refers to the spine. If you have a general muscle ache in your back, you say 'dor nas costas'. If the pain is deep and related to the bone structure, you say 'dor na coluna'. Using 'coluna' for a simple skin itch on your back would be incorrect; you would itch your 'costas', not your 'coluna'.
- Coluna vs. Pilar
- 'Coluna' is usually cylindrical and follows architectural orders; 'pilar' is a more generic term for any vertical support, often square or rectangular.
- Coluna vs. Poste
- A 'poste' is a utility pole (for electricity or lights). You never call a street light a 'coluna'.
Another mistake involves the gender of the word. Since it ends in '-a', it is feminine (a coluna), but some learners mistakenly associate it with masculine structural terms like 'o pilar' or 'o suporte'. Ensure you use feminine articles and adjectives: 'uma coluna forte', 'as colunas gregas'. In the context of spreadsheets, learners sometimes swap 'coluna' and 'linha'. Remember: coluna is vertical (like the spine), and 'linha' is horizontal (like the horizon).
Incorreto: O coluna do prédio é de ferro. (Correto: A coluna...)
Incorreto: Estou com dor na coluna porque queimei a pele no sol. (Correto: ...dor nas costas...)
In journalism, do not confuse the 'coluna' (the section) with the 'artigo' (the specific article). While a columnist writes a 'coluna', the individual piece they write today is an 'artigo' within that 'coluna'. Lastly, in military contexts, a 'coluna' is a specific formation. Calling a random group of soldiers a 'coluna' is technically incorrect unless they are marching in a single or double file line. Paying attention to these nuances will make your Portuguese sound much more natural and precise.
The word coluna has several synonyms and related terms depending on the context. In an anatomical sense, espinha or espinha dorsal is the most direct synonym for 'coluna vertebral'. While 'coluna' is more clinical and common in health contexts, 'espinha' is often used in more casual or biological descriptions (and also refers to a fishbone or a pimple, so be careful!). Another related term is vértebra, which refers to the individual bones that make up the 'coluna'.
- Pilar
- Often used interchangeably in architecture, but 'pilar' is more technical for any vertical load-bearing element.
- Poste
- A vertical pole, usually for external utilities like electricity or signs.
- Seção / Seccção
- In a newspaper, a 'coluna' is a type of 'seção', but 'seção' is broader (e.g., the Sports section).
In terms of support, suporte, esteio, and amparo are metaphorical synonyms. If someone is the 'coluna' of the family, they are the 'esteio da família'. In mathematics and data, vertical is the defining characteristic of a 'coluna'. When comparing 'coluna' to pilastra, note that a 'pilastra' is a rectangular column that is attached to a wall, rather than standing free. Understanding these distinctions helps in descriptive writing.
A espinha dorsal protege a medula espinhal.
Ele é o esteio da empresa; sem ele, tudo desmorona.
A pilastra na parede da sala tem um design neoclássico.
When discussing news, crônica is a related genre. A 'colunista' often writes 'crônicas' (short, often personal or observational essays). While the space is the 'coluna', the style might be a 'crônica'. In the context of a parade or march, fila (line/queue) is a simpler version of a 'coluna'. A 'coluna' is usually more organized and substantial than a simple 'fila'. By learning these related words, you expand your ability to describe structures, both physical and abstract, with greater variety and precision.
چقدر رسمی است؟
سطح دشواری
گرامر لازم
Gender agreement with feminine nouns.
Pluralization of nouns ending in 'a'.
Use of 'em' with 'coluna' (em colunas).
Adjective placement after the noun.
Prepositional phrases with 'de'.
مثالها بر اساس سطح
A coluna do prédio é branca.
The column of the building is white.
Feminine noun 'a coluna'.
Minha coluna dói hoje.
My back (spine) hurts today.
Subject 'minha coluna'.
Olhe a primeira coluna da tabela.
Look at the first column of the table.
Ordinal number 'primeira' agreeing with 'coluna'.
A coluna é reta.
The column is straight.
Adjective 'reta' agreeing with feminine 'coluna'.
Ela escreve uma coluna no jornal.
She writes a column in the newspaper.
Indefinite article 'uma'.
Onde está a coluna de nomes?
Where is the column of names?
Prepositional phrase 'de nomes'.
A casa tem quatro colunas.
The house has four columns.
Plural form 'colunas'.
Sente-se com a coluna direita.
Sit with your back straight.
Imperative 'sente-se'.
O médico examinou a minha coluna vertebral.
The doctor examined my spinal column.
Specific anatomical term 'coluna vertebral'.
Esta coluna sustenta o teto da sala.
This column supports the living room ceiling.
Verb 'sustentar' in the present tense.
Você viu a coluna de esportes hoje?
Did you see the sports column today?
Compound noun 'coluna de esportes'.
A coluna de fumaça era vista de longe.
The column of smoke was seen from afar.
Passive voice 'era vista'.
Adicione uma coluna para os preços no Excel.
Add a column for the prices in Excel.
Preposition 'para' indicating purpose.
Ele tem um problema grave na coluna.
He has a serious back (spine) problem.
Adjective 'grave' modifying 'problema'.
As colunas do templo são muito antigas.
The temple's columns are very old.
Plural agreement 'as colunas... são'.
Mantenha a coluna ereta durante o exercício.
Keep your spine upright during the exercise.
Adjective 'ereta' (upright/straight).
A coluna social do jornal fala sobre a festa de ontem.
The newspaper's social column talks about yesterday's party.
Term 'coluna social' for gossip/society news.
O acidente afetou a sua coluna cervical.
The accident affected his cervical spine.
Specific medical term 'coluna cervical'.
Precisamos alinhar as colunas deste documento.
We need to align the columns of this document.
Verb 'alinhar' (to align).
Uma coluna de soldados marchava pela estrada.
A column of soldiers was marching down the road.
Collective use of 'coluna'.
A liberdade de expressão é a coluna da democracia.
Freedom of expression is the backbone of democracy.
Metaphorical usage.
O termômetro de coluna de mercúrio é clássico.
The mercury column thermometer is a classic.
Scientific context.
Ela é uma colunista muito respeitada no país.
She is a very respected columnist in the country.
Derivative 'colunista'.
A coluna de água subiu após a queda da rocha.
The water column rose after the rock fell.
Physical phenomenon.
O arquiteto optou por colunas de estilo coríntio.
The architect opted for Corinthian-style columns.
Architectural terminology.
A cirurgia na coluna lombar foi um sucesso total.
The lumbar spine surgery was a total success.
Anatomical precision 'lombar'.
O gráfico de colunas mostra o crescimento das vendas.
The bar chart (column chart) shows sales growth.
Data visualization term.
Houve uma fratura em uma das vértebras da coluna.
There was a fracture in one of the spinal vertebrae.
Partitive 'uma das'.
A coluna de opinião de hoje é bastante polêmica.
Today's opinion column is quite controversial.
Media term 'coluna de opinião'.
A pressão da coluna de ar influencia o clima.
The pressure of the air column influences the weather.
Scientific/Meteorological context.
O exército formou uma coluna de blindados na fronteira.
The army formed a column of armored vehicles on the border.
Military logistics.
A coluna vertebral protege o sistema nervoso central.
The spinal column protects the central nervous system.
Biological function.
A integridade da coluna estrutural foi comprometida pelo incêndio.
The integrity of the structural column was compromised by the fire.
Formal/Technical register.
O autor utiliza a sua coluna para pautar o debate público.
The author uses his column to set the agenda for public debate.
Verb 'pautar' (to set the agenda).
A análise da coluna estratigráfica revelou fósseis antigos.
The analysis of the stratigraphic column revealed ancient fossils.
Geological terminology.
Sua postura ética é a coluna que sustenta sua reputação.
His ethical stance is the pillar that supports his reputation.
Abstract metaphorical usage.
O paciente apresenta um desvio acentuado na coluna.
The patient presents a marked deviation in the spine.
Clinical description.
A destilação ocorre dentro da coluna de fracionamento.
Distillation occurs inside the fractionating column.
Chemical engineering term.
As colunas salomônicas são ricas em detalhes barrocos.
Solomonic columns are rich in Baroque details.
Art history term.
O texto foi diagramado em três colunas estreitas.
The text was laid out in three narrow columns.
Graphic design context.
A robustez da coluna vertebral permitiu a evolução do bipedalismo.
The robustness of the spinal column allowed for the evolution of bipedalism.
Academic/Evolutionary context.
O colunista destila sarcasmo em sua coluna semanal.
The columnist distills sarcasm in his weekly column.
Literary/Stylistic description.
A coluna de sustentação do edifício sofreu fadiga de material.
The building's support column suffered material fatigue.
Engineering terminology 'fadiga de material'.
A historiografia vê essa instituição como a coluna do império.
Historiography sees this institution as the pillar of the empire.
Historical academic register.
O influxo de dados preencheu cada coluna da matriz complexa.
The influx of data filled every column of the complex matrix.
Mathematical/Computing context.
A retificação da coluna cervical exige precisão milimétrica.
The rectification of the cervical spine requires millimeter precision.
Advanced medical register.
O monumento consiste em uma coluna triunfal de mármore.
The monument consists of a marble triumphal column.
Archaeological description.
A variabilidade na coluna de água afeta a biodiversidade marinha.
Variability in the water column affects marine biodiversity.
Oceanographic context.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
اصطلاحات و عبارات
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
الگوهای جملهسازی
نحوه استفاده
Implies a vertical set of data.
Usually implies the spine.
Implies a vertical support.
-
The word is feminine.
-
'Costas' is always plural.
-
Utility poles are 'postes'.
-
In tables, use 'coluna' for vertical lines.
-
'Espinha' is only for biological spines or fish bones.
نکات
Gender Agreement
Always remember that 'coluna' is feminine. Say 'a coluna' and 'as colunas'. Adjectives must end in 'a' or 'as'. For example: 'uma coluna quebrada'.
Spine vs. Back
Use 'coluna' when you mean the bone structure. Use 'costas' for the general area. This makes your Portuguese sound more precise. Doctors will always use 'coluna'.
Spreadsheet Terms
In Excel, remember: Coluna = Vertical, Linha = Horizontal. This is a common confusion for learners. Think of a building's column to remember verticality. It will help you in office jobs.
Social Columns
If someone mentions a 'colunista', they are talking about an influential writer. These people often shape public opinion in Brazil and Portugal. Reading their 'colunas' is great for B2+ learners. It helps you understand local politics.
Posture Phrases
Learn the phrase 'mantenha a coluna reta'. It is useful in yoga, gym, or just sitting at a desk. It means 'keep your spine straight'. Good posture is often discussed in Portuguese culture.
Pillar vs. Column
While 'pilar' and 'coluna' are similar, 'coluna' is more for cylindrical, classical styles. 'Pilar' is a more general engineering term. Use 'coluna' when describing beautiful, old buildings. It sounds more descriptive.
Backbone Metaphor
Use 'coluna vertebral' to describe the most important part of something. For example: 'O turismo é a coluna vertebral da ilha'. This is a very sophisticated way to speak. It shows high-level fluency.
Stress the 'LU'
The stress is on the 'LU' syllable. Don't stress the first or last syllable. Co-LU-na. Practice it slowly to get the rhythm right.
Newspaper Layout
When writing a blog or article, you can say it is 'dividido em colunas'. This describes the layout. It is useful for graphic designers or writers. It makes your descriptions clear.
Lifting Warning
If you see someone lifting something heavy, say 'Cuidado com a coluna!'. It is a very common way to say 'Watch your back!'. It shows you care about their physical health.
حفظ کنید
ریشه کلمه
Latin 'columna'
بافت فرهنگی
Commonly used in the phrase 'dor na coluna' to justify missing work or physical activities.
The 'Colunata' in Fátima is a famous architectural feature of the sanctuary.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"Você já teve problemas de coluna?"
"Qual colunista você costuma ler no jornal?"
"Você prefere colunas modernas ou clássicas na arquitetura?"
"Como você organiza as colunas na sua planilha?"
"Você sabe como manter a coluna reta ao sentar?"
موضوعات نگارش
Descreva a importância da coluna vertebral para o corpo humano.
Escreva sobre um colunista que você admira.
Imagine que você é um arquiteto; descreva as colunas do seu prédio ideal.
Relate uma vez que você sentiu dor na coluna.
Como a tecnologia mudou a forma como organizamos colunas de dados?
سوالات متداول
10 سوال'Coluna' refers specifically to the spine, while 'costas' refers to the entire back area of the body. You use 'coluna' for structural issues and 'costas' for general surface pain or area description. Most people say 'dor na coluna' for spinal pain. It is important to distinguish them in medical contexts. 'Costas' is always plural.
Yes, in architecture, 'coluna' is the standard word for a pillar or post. It usually refers to a cylindrical support. It is used for both functional and decorative elements. You will see this word in descriptions of ancient Greek or Roman buildings. Modern buildings also use 'colunas' for structural integrity.
The word for columnist is 'colunista'. It is a common gender noun (o colunista / a colunista). They write 'colunas' in newspapers or magazines. Many famous writers in Brazil and Portugal started as colunistas. It is a prestigious role in journalism.
Yes, 'coluna' is the term for a vertical column of cells. The horizontal lines are called 'linhas'. When using software in Portuguese, you will see these terms constantly. For example, 'inserir coluna' means 'insert column'. It is essential for office work.
A 'coluna social' is a section of a newspaper dedicated to high society. It covers parties, weddings, and events of famous or wealthy people. It was very popular in the 20th century. Today, many blogs function as modern 'colunas sociais'. It is often associated with gossip.
It is pronounced co-LU-na. The stress is on the second syllable 'lu'. The 'o' is slightly closed, and the 'a' at the end is a neutral sound. It sounds very similar to the Spanish 'columna' but without the 'm'. Practice saying it with a clear 'u' sound.
Yes, 'uma coluna de fumaça' is a common expression. It describes a tall, vertical plume of smoke rising into the air. You might hear this in news reports about fires or volcanoes. It can also be used for water (coluna de água). It emphasizes the vertical shape.
It is a feminine noun. You must always use feminine articles like 'a' or 'uma'. Adjectives must also agree, such as 'coluna reta' or 'colunas gregas'. This is a common point of error for beginners. Always remember 'a coluna'.
It is the full medical term for the spinal column. It consists of the vertebrae and protects the spinal cord. In casual speech, people often just say 'coluna'. However, in a biology class or hospital, 'coluna vertebral' is preferred. It is the axis of the human skeleton.
It is a bar chart where the bars are vertical. If the bars were horizontal, it would be a 'gráfico de barras' in some contexts, though 'colunas' specifically implies verticality. It is a very common way to present data in business. You will see this term in school and work.
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Summary
The Portuguese word 'coluna' is a versatile term for any vertical support or sequence, most commonly used to refer to the human spine, architectural pillars, newspaper sections, or spreadsheet columns. It always implies verticality and structural importance.
- The word 'coluna' primarily refers to the human spine or 'coluna vertebral', essential for posture and protecting the spinal cord in medical contexts.
- In architecture, 'coluna' is a vertical pillar used for support or decoration, often seen in classical buildings like Greek temples or modern skyscrapers.
- For media and data, 'coluna' means a vertical section of text in a newspaper or a vertical line of cells in a spreadsheet.
- Metaphorically, 'coluna' represents a 'backbone' or 'mainstay', describing something or someone that provides essential support to a larger structure or organization.
Gender Agreement
Always remember that 'coluna' is feminine. Say 'a coluna' and 'as colunas'. Adjectives must end in 'a' or 'as'. For example: 'uma coluna quebrada'.
Spine vs. Back
Use 'coluna' when you mean the bone structure. Use 'costas' for the general area. This makes your Portuguese sound more precise. Doctors will always use 'coluna'.
Spreadsheet Terms
In Excel, remember: Coluna = Vertical, Linha = Horizontal. This is a common confusion for learners. Think of a building's column to remember verticality. It will help you in office jobs.
Social Columns
If someone mentions a 'colunista', they are talking about an influential writer. These people often shape public opinion in Brazil and Portugal. Reading their 'colunas' is great for B2+ learners. It helps you understand local politics.
محتوای مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر health
abaixar
A2پایین آوردن یا خم شدن. برای صدا یا قیمت ها استفاده می شود.
abdómen
B1قسمت بدن بین قفسه سینه و لگن؛ شکم. (قسمت بدن واقع بین قفسه سینه و لگن؛ شکم.)
abdômen
A2شکم بخشی از بدن است که بین قفسه سینه و لگن قرار دارد. این بخش شامل اندامهای گوارشی است.
abortar
A2سقط جنین یا متوقف کردن فرآیندی که قبلاً شروع شده است. مثال: 'لغو ماموریت.'
abstinência
A2بیمار از علائم ترک رنج می برد.
abstinente
A2یک فرد پرهیزگار داوطلبانه از لذتها دوری میکند.
acalmar-se
A2آرام شدن و کمتر آشفته یا پر سر و صدا شدن.
acamado
A2بیمار از زمان عمل جراحی خود در رختخواب بستری است.
acaso
A2Acaso به معنی 'تصادفاً' یا 'شاید' است. این کلمه رویدادی غیرمنتظره را توصیف می کند یا احتمالی را بیان می کند.
acidentar
A2او دیروز در بزرگراه دچار حادثه شد.
