B1 · متوسط فصل 35

Reported Speech

4 مجموع قواعد
48 مثال‌ها
1 دقیقه
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چی یاد می‌گیری

Changing direct speech to indirect speech. Students will learn the necessary tense shifts.

  • Reported Speech
    Use 'att' to report what someone said, and remember to change 'I' to 'he/she' and 'now' to 'then'.
  • Tense Changes
    Use passive reporting structures to sound objective and professional when you don't want to name the source.
  • Pronoun Changes
    Adjust pronouns so the 'I' in the quote becomes 'he' or 'she' in your report.
  • Indirect Questions
    Stop treating it like a question; treat it like a sub-clause where the subject always comes before the verb.

مثال‌های کلیدی (8)

1

Chefen sa att jag skulle skicka rapporten.

The boss said that I should send the report.

Reported Speech
2

Hon påstod att hon hade gjort läxan.

She claimed that she had done the homework.

Reported Speech
3

Det sades att han var sjuk.

It was said that he was sick.

Tense Changes
4

Det påstods att de var klara.

It was claimed that they were finished.

Tense Changes
5

Anders sa att han hade glömt sin nyckel.

Anders said that he had forgotten his (own) key.

Pronoun Changes
6

Det sägs att hon ska sluta sitt jobb.

It is said that she is going to quit her job.

Pronoun Changes
7

Jag undrar vem som har tagit min bok.

I wonder who has taken my book.

Indirect Questions
8

Hon vet inte varför han inte ringde.

She doesn't know why he didn't call.

Indirect Questions

نکات و ترفندها (4)

💡

Focus on Pronouns

The most common mistake is forgetting to change 'I' to 'he/she'. Always pause and think: 'Who is the subject now?'
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Reported Speech
💡

Use 'Det sägs' for rumors

When you hear something but aren't sure if it's true, 'Det sägs' is your best friend.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Tense Changes
🎯

The 'Own' Test

If you can add the word 'own' in English (his own bag), use 'sin/sitt/sina' in Swedish.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pronoun Changes
🎯

The 'Som' Test

If you can't find a subject (like 'jag', 'han', 'bussen') after 'vem' or 'vad', you MUST add 'som'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Indirect Questions

تمرین سریع (10)

Choose the correct sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Det sades att han var glad.
Past tense requires backshifting.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Tense Changes

Fill in the correct passive verb form.

Det ___ att han är snäll.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: sägs
Present passive is needed.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Tense Changes

Fill in the correct reflexive possessive pronoun.

Maria sa att hon hade glömt ___ (her own) nycklar.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: sina
Since 'nycklar' is plural and they belong to the subject (Maria), we use 'sina'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pronoun Changes

Choose the correct connector.

Det sägs ___ han är snäll.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: att
Always use 'att'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Tense Changes

Fill in the past passive.

Det ___ att han var sjuk.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: sades
Past tense needed.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Tense Changes

Choose the correct pronoun for the reported speech.

Olle sa: 'Jag är hungrig.' -> Olle sa att ___ var hungrig.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: han
The original 'jag' (I) must shift to 'han' (he) because we are reporting what Olle said.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pronoun Changes

Choose the correct pronoun.

Hon sa att ___ var glad.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: hon
The subject is 'hon'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Reported Speech

Find the error in the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

De sa att vi skulle komma till festen. (Context: They were talking about themselves).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: vi
If they were talking about themselves, 'vi' should have shifted to 'de'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Pronoun Changes

Correct the mistake in the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Vet du vem ringde igår?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Vet du vem som ringde igår?
When 'vem' is the subject, you must add 'som'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Indirect Questions

Fix the mistake.

Find and fix the mistake:

Det påstås att han har flyttade.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Det påstås att han har flyttat.
Perfect tense needs participle.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Tense Changes

Score: /10

سوالات رایج (6)

In Swedish, you don't always have to backshift as strictly as in English. If the fact is still true, you can keep the present tense.
No, use 'om' for yes/no questions and the question word (var, när, etc.) for open questions.
It's very versatile, but 'Det anses' is better for opinions and 'Det påstås' for claims.
The -s makes the verb passive. Without it, the sentence doesn't make sense.
Use sin when the object belongs to the subject of the same clause. Use hans when it belongs to someone else.
Yes, only if you are reporting your own words. Jag sa att jag var trött.
فصل قبلی
Advanced Passive
فصل بعدی
Participles as Adjectives
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