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C1 noun 11 دقیقه مطالعه

donanım

مثال‌ها donanım در ۳۰ ثانیه
توضیح donanım in your Level:
At the A1 level, you only need to know 'donanım' in the context of a computer. Think of it as the physical parts you can touch, like the keyboard, mouse, or screen. It is the opposite of 'software' (the programs). You might see this word in a very basic tech shop or a beginner's guide to using a computer. At this stage, just remember: Donanım = Computer parts. For example, if your mouse breaks, you have a hardware problem. It's a long word, but it's very useful for basic technology needs. You don't need to worry about its metaphorical meanings yet. Just focus on the physical objects in an office or a classroom that are part of a computer system.
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At the A2 level, you can start using 'donanım' to describe more than just computer parts. You might use it to talk about basic equipment in a house or a car. For instance, if a car has a radio and air conditioning, you can call these part of the car's 'donanım'. You will also encounter the adjective 'donanımlı', which means 'equipped'. A 'donanımlı mutfak' is a kitchen that has everything you need to cook, like an oven, a fridge, and a dishwasher. At this level, you are expanding from 'computer parts' to 'sets of tools' or 'features' of a machine or a room. It helps you describe things in more detail.
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At the B1 level, 'donanım' becomes a useful word for discussing work and professional life. You might hear it when people talk about 'teknik donanım' (technical equipment) needed for a job. If you are talking about a factory or a scientific laboratory, 'donanım' refers to all the machines and instruments there. You should also start to understand that 'donanım' can refer to a person's skills, though in a basic way. For example, 'Bu iş için yeterli donanıma sahibim' (I have the necessary equipment/skills for this job). At B1, you are moving from concrete objects to the idea of 'preparedness' and 'professional tools'.
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At the B2 level, you should use 'donanım' fluently in technical and professional discussions. You can distinguish between 'donanım' (hardware/equipment) and 'yazılım' (software) easily. You also use the word to describe a person's qualifications in a formal way. In a job interview or a CV, you might describe your 'akademik donanım' (academic background/qualifications). You understand that 'donanım' implies a comprehensive set of resources. For example, a 'donanımlı bir kütüphane' isn't just a room with books; it's a library with digital resources, research tools, and expert staff. You are now using the word to express complexity and high quality.
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At the C1 level, 'donanım' is a key term for abstract and intellectual discourse. You use it to describe the 'intellectual equipment' (entelektüel donanım) or 'cultural background' (kültürel donanım) of an individual. It signifies a deep, multifaceted preparation for life or a specific field. You can use it in academic essays to discuss the 'technological infrastructure' of a country or the 'educational equipment' of a generation. You also understand the nuances between 'donanım' and its synonyms like 'teçhizat' (industrial/military gear) or 'birikim' (accumulated experience). At this level, the word is a tool for sophisticated analysis of both people and systems.
At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'donanım' and its place in the Turkish language. You can use it metaphorically in literature or philosophy to describe the 'existential equipment' of a human being. You are aware of its etymological roots in the verb 'donanmak' and its connection to words like 'donanma' (navy). You can use it in highly technical engineering contexts, legal documents regarding equipment standards, or deep psychological profiles. You recognize when 'donanım' is being used ironically or as a buzzword in corporate jargon. Your usage is indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker, reflecting the word's full range of physical, technical, and spiritual meanings.
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مثال‌ها

donanım در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • Donanım primarily refers to computer hardware and physical equipment in technical or industrial settings.
  • It is frequently used metaphorically to describe a person's professional and intellectual qualifications.
  • The word is derived from 'donanmak' (to be equipped) and is related to 'donanma' (navy).
  • It is the direct antonym of 'yazılım' (software) in the context of computing and technology.

The Turkish word donanım is a sophisticated and versatile noun that primarily translates to 'hardware' or 'equipment' in English. However, its semantic range extends far beyond the physical components of a computer. At its core, the word is derived from the verb donanmak, which means to be equipped, decorated, or furnished. In modern usage, it serves as the direct counterpart to 'software' (yazılım) in computing, but it is equally common in professional, academic, and industrial contexts to describe the set of skills, tools, or resources necessary for a specific purpose.

Technical Context
In the world of information technology, donanım refers to every physical part of a system. This includes the motherboard (anakart), processor (işlemci), and even peripheral devices like keyboards and monitors. When a technician says the problem is 'donanım kaynaklı' (hardware-sourced), they mean a physical component needs repair or replacement.

Yeni aldığım bilgisayarın donanım özellikleri oyun oynamak için oldukça yetersiz kalıyor.

Translation: The hardware specifications of the computer I just bought are quite insufficient for playing games.

Beyond technology, donanım is frequently used metaphorically to describe a person's intellectual or professional qualifications. In a job interview, if a recruiter says a candidate is 'donanımlı,' they are complimenting the candidate's education, experience, and skill set. It implies that the person is 'fully equipped' to handle the challenges of the role. This abstract usage is very common in high-level Turkish discourse and academic writing.

Industrial and Military Context
Historically and in military contexts, the word relates to the outfitting of ships or troops. The word donanma (navy) shares the same root. In a factory setting, donanım might refer to the machinery and safety gear required for production. It encompasses everything from the heavy presses to the specialized sensors used in automation.

Laboratuvarımız en son teknoloji donanım ile yenilendi.

Translation: Our laboratory has been renovated with the latest technology equipment.

In everyday conversation, you might hear this word when someone is discussing the features of a car. A 'full donanım' car is one that comes with all the optional extras like a sunroof, advanced navigation, and leather seats. In this sense, it acts as a synonym for 'trim level' or 'package' in English automotive terminology. The breadth of this word makes it an essential part of the C1 level vocabulary, as it allows the speaker to transition seamlessly between technical, professional, and general topics.

Metaphorical Depth
Philosophically, 'donanım' can refer to the inherent or acquired traits that allow a human to navigate existence. An author might write about the 'mental donanım' required to survive a crisis, referring to psychological resilience and cognitive tools.

Using donanım correctly involves understanding whether you are referring to a physical object or an abstract quality. Since it is a noun, it follows standard Turkish declension patterns. It can take possessive suffixes (donanımım, donanımın), case suffixes (donanıma, donanımda), and can be used in compound nouns (bilgisayar donanımı, askeri donanım). Mastering these variations is key to C1 fluency.

As a Subject
When donanım is the subject of a sentence, it often governs verbs related to sufficiency, failure, or acquisition. For example, 'Donanım yetersiz kalıyor' (The hardware is remaining insufficient).

Bu projenin başarıyla tamamlanması için gerekli donanım henüz elimizde yok.

Translation: We do not yet have the necessary equipment to complete this project successfully.

One of the most common ways to use the word is in the adjective form donanımlı (equipped). This is used to describe both objects and people. A 'donanımlı mutfak' is a fully equipped kitchen, while a 'donanımlı mühendis' is a highly qualified engineer. Conversely, donanımsız means unequipped or lacking the necessary skills/tools. These adjectives are workhorses in formal evaluations and descriptions.

In Technical Specifications
When reading a manual or a tech blog, you will encounter phrases like 'donanım hızlandırma' (hardware acceleration) or 'donanım uyumluluğu' (hardware compatibility). These are fixed terms where 'donanım' acts as a modifier.

Eski donanım parçalarını geri dönüşüme kazandırmalıyız.

Translation: We should recycle the old hardware parts.

In more abstract or literary sentences, donanım can be paired with verbs like 'kazanmak' (to gain) or 'artırmak' (to increase). For instance, 'Gençlerin kültürel donanımını artırmak için bu tür etkinlikler şart' (Such activities are essential to increase the cultural equipment/background of the youth). Here, the word takes on a nuance of 'enrichment' and 'intellectual foundation'.

Common Verb Pairings
Common verbs that go with donanım include: sağlamak (to provide), güncellemek (to update), kurmak (to install/set up), and incelemek (to examine).

Şirketimiz, çalışanlarına her türlü teknik donanımı sunmaktadır.

Translation: Our company provides all kinds of technical equipment to its employees.

The word donanım is omnipresent in modern Turkish life, particularly in urban and professional settings. You will encounter it in several distinct environments, each giving the word a slightly different flavor. Understanding these contexts will help you use the word with the precision of a native speaker.

The Tech Sector and Retail
Walk into any electronics store like Teknosa or Vatan Bilgisayar in Turkey, and you will see signs for 'Donanım Birimleri' (Hardware Units). Sales associates use the word constantly to describe the specs of laptops or gaming rigs. You'll hear: 'Bu modelin donanımı çok güçlü' (The hardware of this model is very powerful).

Bilgisayarın donanım parçaları tek tek kontrol edildi.

Translation: The hardware parts of the computer were checked one by one.

In the corporate world, specifically within Human Resources (İnsan Kaynakları), donanım is a buzzword. During performance reviews or recruitment, managers discuss a candidate's 'mesleki donanım' (professional equipment/expertise). It is a way to summarize a person's total value proposition. You might hear an HR manager say, 'Adayın akademik donanımı mükemmel ama saha tecrübesi eksik' (The candidate's academic background is excellent, but field experience is lacking).

Academic and Intellectual Circles
On television news programs or in university lectures, intellectuals often talk about the 'toplumsal donanım' (social equipment/preparedness) of a nation. They might debate whether the education system provides students with the necessary 'donanım' for the 21st century. In this high-register context, the word is almost synonymous with 'preparedness' or 'cultivation'.

Gelecek nesillerin entelektüel donanımı bizim sorumluluğumuzdadır.

Translation: The intellectual equipment of future generations is our responsibility.

The automotive industry is another major area where you'll hear this word. Car commercials often highlight 'zengin donanım seçenekleri' (rich equipment options). If you are buying a car in Turkey, the salesperson will likely ask which 'donanım paketi' (trim level) you are interested in, ranging from 'baz donanım' (base model) to 'full donanım' (fully loaded).

News and Media
In news reports about natural disasters, you'll hear about the 'teknik donanım' of search and rescue teams. For example, 'Ekiplerin donanımı kar yağışı nedeniyle yetersiz kaldı' (The teams' equipment remained insufficient due to the snowfall).

Hastanemiz modern tıbbi donanımlara sahiptir.

Translation: Our hospital possesses modern medical equipment.

Even advanced learners of Turkish can stumble when using donanım. Because it has both a very literal technical meaning and a very abstract metaphorical meaning, the most common errors involve using it in the wrong register or confusing it with its counterparts. Let's break down these pitfalls to ensure your Turkish remains impeccable.

Confusing Donanım with Yazılım
This is the most basic mistake. Donanım is hardware (the physical parts), while yazılım is software (the programs). If your computer has a virus, it's a 'yazılım' problem. If your screen is cracked, it's a 'donanım' problem. Using them interchangeably will confuse native speakers immediately.

Yanlış: Bilgisayarıma yeni bir donanım indirdim.
Doğru: Bilgisayarıma yeni bir yazılım indirdim.

Note: You cannot 'download' hardware; you download software.

Another common mistake is overusing donanım where malzeme (material) or araç-gereç (tools and gadgets) would be more appropriate. Donanım implies a system or a complex set of tools. If you are talking about a single hammer or a screwdriver, call it an 'alet'. If you are talking about the entire toolkit and the technician's specialized gear, then donanım or teçhizat is better.

Pluralization Issues
In Turkish, donanım is often used as a collective noun. While 'donanımlar' is grammatically correct, it is frequently used in the singular even when referring to multiple pieces of equipment. Learners often pluralize it unnecessarily. For example, 'Gerekli donanım sağlandı' (The necessary equipment was provided) is more natural than 'Gerekli donanımlar sağlandı' unless you are specifically emphasizing different categories of hardware.

Bu iş için yeterli donanıma (tekil) sahibim.

Translation: I have sufficient qualifications (singular) for this job.

Finally, learners sometimes confuse donanım with donatı. While they share the same root, donatı is a specific technical term used in construction and engineering (referring to reinforcement bars or rebar). If you are talking about a computer or a person's skills, never use 'donatı'. This error is particularly common for those working in the building trades.

Register Mismatches
Using 'donanım' in a very casual, low-stakes conversation about something simple (like having a pen and paper) can sound overly dramatic or 'robotic'. It is a high-value word; save it for significant contexts.

To truly master Turkish at a C1 level, you must be able to distinguish between donanım and its various synonyms. While they may all translate to 'equipment' or 'skills' in English, their nuances in Turkish are distinct. Choosing the right word demonstrates a deep understanding of the language's texture.

Donanım vs. Teçhizat
Teçhizat is an Arabic-rooted synonym that is often used in military, industrial, or formal contexts. While donanım is the standard for computer hardware, teçhizat is preferred for things like 'yangın teçhizatı' (firefighting equipment) or 'askeri teçhizat' (military gear). Donanım feels more modern and digital; teçhizat feels more mechanical and heavy-duty.

Askerler tam teçhizatla operasyona katıldı.

Translation: The soldiers participated in the operation with full equipment (teçhizat).

Ekipman is a direct loanword from French/English. It is used very widely in sports and modern business. You would say 'kamp ekipmanları' (camping equipment) or 'spor ekipmanları'. While you could use donanım here, ekipman is more common in these specific lifestyle contexts. Donanım is more 'internal' to a system, while ekipman is often 'external' tools used by a person.

Donanım vs. Liyakat / Birikim
When using donanım to describe a person's qualifications, you might also consider liyakat (merit/competence) or birikim (accumulation of knowledge/experience). Donanım is the 'toolkit' of skills you have. Birikim is the 'depth' of your experience over time. Liyakat is your 'fitness' or 'worthiness' for a specific role.

Yazarın kültürel birikimi eserlerine yansıyor.

Translation: The author's cultural accumulation (birikim) is reflected in their works.

In summary, if you are talking about computers, use donanım. If you are talking about heavy machinery or the military, use teçhizat. If you are talking about sports gear or specialized tools, use ekipman. If you are talking about a person's impressive resume, donanım is your strongest and most modern choice.

Quick Reference Table
- Bilgisayar -> Donanım
- Ordu -> Teçhizat
- Dağcılık -> Ekipman
- Kariyer -> Donanım / Liyakat
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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

Bilgisayarın donanımı bozuldu.

The computer's hardware broke.

Possessive compound: Bilgisayar-ın donanım-ı.

2

Bu yeni bir donanım.

This is a new piece of hardware.

Simple sentence with 'bu' as subject.

3

Fare bir donanımdır.

A mouse is a piece of hardware.

Predicate with '-dır' suffix.

4

Donanım parçaları burada.

The hardware parts are here.

Noun compound: donanım parça-lar-ı.

5

Klavye donanım mı?

Is the keyboard hardware?

Question with 'mı'.

6

Donanım çok eski.

The hardware is very old.

Adjective 'eski' modifying the noun.

7

Yeni donanım alıyorum.

I am buying new hardware.

Present continuous verb 'alıyorum'.

8

Bu donanım çalışmıyor.

This hardware is not working.

Negative verb 'çalışmıyor'.

1

Mutfakta çok iyi bir donanım var.

There is very good equipment in the kitchen.

Locative case 'mutfakta'.

2

Bu araba tam donanımlı.

This car is fully equipped.

Adjective 'donanımlı' from 'donanım'.

3

Yeni bir donanım paketi seçtik.

We chose a new equipment package.

Noun compound 'donanım paketi'.

4

Okulun donanımı yetersiz.

The school's equipment is insufficient.

Possessive 'okulun donanımı'.

5

Donanım için ne kadar ödedin?

How much did you pay for the equipment?

Dative case 'donanım için' (for equipment).

6

Eski donanımı sattım.

I sold the old equipment.

Accusative case 'donanımı'.

7

Laboratuvarda yeni donanımlar var.

There are new pieces of equipment in the lab.

Plural 'donanımlar'.

8

Donanımsız bir bilgisayar işe yaramaz.

A computer without hardware is useless.

Adjective 'donanımsız' (without equipment).

1

İş için gerekli donanıma sahibim.

I have the necessary qualifications/equipment for the job.

Dative case 'donanıma' used with 'sahip olmak'.

2

Teknik donanımımızı güncellememiz gerekiyor.

We need to update our technical equipment.

Possessive 'donanımımız' + accusative '-ı'.

3

Bu hastane tıbbi donanım açısından çok zengin.

This hospital is very rich in terms of medical equipment.

Compound phrase 'donanım açısından'.

4

Donanım uyumluluğu kontrol edilmeli.

Hardware compatibility must be checked.

Passive verb 'kontrol edilmeli'.

5

Yeni personelin donanımı bizi etkiledi.

The new staff's qualifications impressed us.

Genitive 'personelin' + possessive 'donanımı'.

6

Donanım maliyetleri her geçen gün artıyor.

Hardware costs are increasing every day.

Plural compound 'donanım maliyetleri'.

7

Şirket tüm donanımı sağlıyor.

The company provides all the equipment.

Verb 'sağlamak' taking the accusative.

8

Donanım hatası nedeniyle sistem çöktü.

The system crashed due to a hardware error.

Causal phrase 'nedeniyle'.

1

Adayın mesleki donanımı pozisyon için uygun.

The candidate's professional qualifications are suitable for the position.

Adjective 'mesleki' modifying 'donanım'.

2

Fabrikanın donanımı tamamen otomatik hale getirildi.

The factory's equipment has been made fully automatic.

Passive/causative construction.

3

Donanım hızlandırma özelliğini aktif etmelisiniz.

You should activate the hardware acceleration feature.

Technical term 'donanım hızlandırma'.

4

Geleceğin donanım teknolojileri üzerine bir seminer verdik.

We gave a seminar on the hardware technologies of the future.

Compound 'donanım teknolojileri'.

5

Bu proje için ciddi bir donanım yatırımı gerekiyor.

A serious hardware investment is required for this project.

Adjective 'ciddi' modifying the compound.

6

Donanım ve yazılım arasındaki farkı anlamak önemlidir.

It is important to understand the difference between hardware and software.

Coordinating conjunction 've'.

7

Geminin donanımı fırtınaya dayanıklı değil.

The ship's equipment is not resistant to the storm.

Negative 'değil'.

8

Donanım destekli güvenlik çözümleri sunuyoruz.

We offer hardware-supported security solutions.

Adjectival phrase 'donanım destekli'.

1

Entelektüel donanımı yüksek bireyler yetiştirmeliyiz.

We must raise individuals with high intellectual equipment/background.

Abstract usage of 'donanım'.

2

Bu makale, ülkenin teknolojik donanımını ele alıyor.

This article discusses the technological infrastructure/equipment of the country.

Accusative 'donanımını'.

3

Sanatçının kültürel donanımı eserlerinin her satırında hissediliyor.

The artist's cultural background is felt in every line of their works.

Metaphorical usage.

4

Donanım yetersizliği projenin aksamasına neden oldu.

The inadequacy of equipment caused the project to stall.

Noun compound 'donanım yetersizliği'.

5

Siyasi donanımı olmayan kişilerin bu makama gelmesi riskli.

It is risky for people without political qualifications to come to this office.

Negative adjective 'donanımı olmayan'.

6

Donanım envanterinin çıkarılması için bir komisyon kuruldu.

A commission was established to take an inventory of the hardware.

Formal administrative language.

7

Eğitim sistemimiz öğrencilere gerekli donanımı kazandıramıyor.

Our education system cannot provide students with the necessary qualifications.

Negative potential verb 'kazandıramıyor'.

8

Donanım katmanındaki bir hata tüm ağı etkileyebilir.

An error at the hardware layer can affect the entire network.

Technical 'katman' (layer) usage.

1

İnsanın varoluşsal donanımı, zorluklarla başa çıkma kapasitesini belirler.

A human's existential equipment determines their capacity to cope with difficulties.

Highly abstract/philosophical usage.

2

Donanım mimarisi üzerine yazdığı tez büyük yankı uyandırdı.

His thesis on hardware architecture caused a great stir.

Technical 'mimari' (architecture) usage.

3

Kurumsal donanım eksikliği, şirketin iflasına giden yolu açtı.

The lack of institutional equipment/infrastructure paved the way for the company's bankruptcy.

Compound 'kurumsal donanım'.

4

Donanım seviyesindeki şifreleme, verileri mutlak koruma altına alır.

Encryption at the hardware level takes data under absolute protection.

Adverbial phrase 'donanım seviyesindeki'.

5

Tarihsel süreçte ordunun donanımı radikal bir değişim geçirdi.

In the historical process, the army's equipment underwent a radical change.

Historical narrative style.

6

Bu diplomatın donanımı, uluslararası krizleri yönetmek için kafi.

This diplomat's qualifications are sufficient to manage international crises.

Formal 'kafi' (sufficient).

7

Donanım bileşenlerinin sinerjisi, sistemin performansını maksimize eder.

The synergy of hardware components maximizes the system's performance.

Scientific/academic register.

8

Bireyin zihinsel donanımı, algıladığı dünyayı şekillendiren temel unsurdur.

The individual's mental equipment is the fundamental element that shapes the world they perceive.

Philosophical subject-predicate structure.

ترکیب‌های رایج

teknik donanım
donanım paketi
donanım hatası
mesleki donanım
donanım üreticisi
donanım uyumluluğu
akademik donanım
donanım desteği
tam donanım
donanım birimi

عبارات رایج

Donanım yetersizliği

— Lack of equipment or skills. Used to explain why a project failed or stalled.

Donanım yetersizliği nedeniyle operasyon durduruldu.

Donanım güncellemesi

— Hardware update. Physically replacing parts to improve performance.

Sunuculara donanım güncellemesi yapıldı.

Full donanım

— Fully loaded. Usually used for cars with all optional features.

Araba full donanım, yok yok!

Donanım seviyesi

— Hardware level. Often used in programming or security.

Donanım seviyesinde koruma sağlıyoruz.

Donanım envanteri

— Hardware inventory. A list of all physical assets.

Yıl sonunda donanım envanteri çıkarılacak.

Kültürel donanım

— Cultural background/education. A person's knowledge of arts and history.

Onun kültürel donanımı herkesi şaşırttı.

Donanım parçası

— A piece of hardware. A single component.

Bu donanım parçası artık üretilmiyor.

Donanım hızlandırma

— Hardware acceleration. Using hardware to perform functions faster than software.

Donanım hızlandırmayı açınca video daha akıcı oldu.

Askeri donanım

— Military equipment. Weapons, vehicles, and gear.

Ülke, askeri donanımını modernize ediyor.

Donanım arızası

— Hardware failure. A physical breakdown.

Donanım arızası yüzünden veriler kayboldu.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"Donanımlı gelmek"

— To come prepared. Usually used for meetings or exams.

Toplantıya çok donanımlı gelmişti.

neutral
"Donanımını konuşturmak"

— To show off one's skills or equipment's power.

Yarışta yeni arabasının donanımını konuşturdu.

informal
"Dört dörtlük donanım"

— Perfect/complete equipment or skills.

Okulun dört dörtlük bir donanımı var.

informal
"Kendi donanımıyla"

— Using one's own resources/skills without help.

Bu işi kendi donanımıyla başardı.

neutral
"Donanım eksikliği çekmek"

— To suffer from a lack of equipment or qualifications.

Şirket kalifiye donanım eksikliği çekiyor.

formal
"Donanımına güvenmek"

— To rely on one's skills or tools.

Sınavda kendi donanımına güveniyordu.

neutral
"Fiziksel donanım"

— Physical build (metaphorical for a person's body).

Sporcunun fiziksel donanım

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