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B1 noun 9 دقیقه مطالعه

系数

xishu

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 系数 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 系数 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '系数' (xìshù) is a very advanced word that you probably won't use in daily survival Chinese. However, you might see it in very simple contexts like '安全系数' (ānquán xìshù), which means 'safety level' or 'safety factor.' Think of it as a way to say 'how safe' something is using a number. For example, if a toy is very safe, a teacher might say it has a high 'safety coefficient.' You don't need to worry about the math yet! Just remember that '系数' usually follows another word to describe a quality. It is like a 'score' for a specific thing. If you see it, just know it is talking about a number that represents something important like safety or difficulty.

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By A2, you are starting to learn more about descriptions. '系数' (xìshù) starts to appear in discussions about sports or hobbies. You might hear the term '难度系数' (nándù xìshù), which means 'difficulty level.' In games or sports like diving, every action has a number that shows how hard it is. A high '难度系数' means the action is very hard. You can use this word to sound more professional when talking about your hobbies. For example, '这个游戏的难度系数很高' (This game's difficulty level is very high). It is a noun, and it usually stays at the end of the phrase. Don't try to use it as a verb. Just use it to name a specific kind of measurement or factor.

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At the B1 level, you should understand '系数' (xìshù) in its standard mathematical and technical sense. This is the level where you move beyond 'difficulty' and start seeing it in science and finance. You will learn that in an equation like 5x, the number 5 is the '系数.' You will also encounter it in the news, especially the '基尼系数' (Gini coefficient) which measures if a country's wealth is spread fairly. At this stage, you should be able to use it in sentences to describe technical properties. For instance, you might discuss the '摩擦系数' (friction coefficient) in a physics context or '膨胀系数' (expansion coefficient) when talking about materials. You should also be careful not to confuse it with '指数' (index), which is used for things like the stock market.

At the B2 level, '系数' (xìshù) becomes a tool for precise communication. You are expected to use it in professional or academic discussions. You should understand the difference between a 'constant coefficient' (常系数) and a 'variable coefficient' (变系数). In a business context, you might talk about '相关系数' (correlation coefficient) to explain how two sets of data (like marketing spend and sales) relate to each other. You should also be comfortable using the word metaphorically to describe social phenomena, such as '幸福系数' (happiness coefficient) or '困难系数' (difficulty factor) of a project. Your grammar should be precise, using '为' (wéi) to state what a coefficient is, such as '该系数为0.85.'

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At the C1 level, you should have a nuanced grasp of '系数' (xìshù) across multiple domains. You should be able to read academic papers or technical manuals where '系数' is used to describe complex physical constants like '热传导系数' (thermal conductivity coefficient) or '弹性系数' (elasticity coefficient). You should also understand its role in advanced statistics, such as '回归系数' (regression coefficient) and '置信系数' (confidence coefficient). At this level, you are not just using the word; you are analyzing what the word represents in a system. You can discuss how changing a '系数' in a model changes the entire outcome. You should also be aware of the stylistic difference between '系数' and more casual words like '程度' (degree) or '水平' (level).

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At the C2 level, '系数' (xìshù) is a word you use with complete mastery in highly specialized fields. Whether you are discussing theoretical physics, econometrics, or advanced engineering, you use '系数' to define the fundamental relationships within a system. You can engage in deep debates about the '基尼系数' and its socio-political implications or the '扩散系数' (diffusion coefficient) in chemical engineering. You understand the historical etymology of the term in Chinese scientific translation and how it aligns with international standards. Your usage is indistinguishable from a native-speaking expert, and you can use the word in complex, multi-clause sentences to describe intricate mathematical relationships or abstract philosophical concepts involving fixed variables in human behavior.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

系数 در ۳۰ ثانیه

A formal noun meaning 'coefficient' or 'constant factor' used in math, science, and economics to describe specific numerical relationships.
Commonly paired with words like 'safety' (安全), 'difficulty' (难度), and 'friction' (摩擦) to create technical terms.
Essential for B1+ learners to discuss data, engineering, or social metrics like the Gini coefficient.
Must be distinguished from 'index' (指数) and 'ratio' (比例) to avoid technical errors in communication.

The Chinese word 系数 (xìshù) is a formal noun that primarily translates to "coefficient" in English. In its most literal mathematical and scientific sense, it refers to a numerical or constant factor in an algebraic term or a multiplier that measures a specific property or characteristic of a substance or system. However, its usage extends far beyond the chalkboard. In modern Chinese, you will encounter this word in economics, engineering, sociology, and even daily conversations regarding safety or difficulty levels. Understanding 系数 is essential for anyone moving into intermediate or advanced Chinese, as it bridges the gap between basic counting and analytical description.

Scientific Context: In physics and chemistry, it describes fixed properties. For example, the 'expansion coefficient' (膨胀系数) tells us how much a material grows when heated. Without this word, technical communication in Mandarin would be nearly impossible.

我们需要计算这个零件的摩擦系数。 (We need to calculate the friction coefficient of this part.)

Beyond the lab, 系数 often appears in the term 'Safety Coefficient' (安全系数). In English, we might say 'safety margin' or 'safety factor,' but in Chinese, 系数 is the standard term. If a project has a 'high safety coefficient,' it means it is very reliable and low-risk. Conversely, a 'low safety coefficient' implies danger. This usage makes the word surprisingly common in news reports about construction, transportation, and public health.

Economic Context: The 'Gini Coefficient' (基尼系数) is a famous economic metric used to measure income inequality. In Chinese news, you will frequently hear discussions about whether the national 基尼系数 is rising or falling, reflecting the gap between the rich and the poor.

这个地区的困难系数非常高。 (The difficulty coefficient of this region is very high.)

Finally, in the world of sports and gaming, 系数 is used to describe difficulty rankings. For instance, in diving or gymnastics, every move has a 'difficulty coefficient' (难度系数). A higher coefficient means the move is harder to execute but yields more points. This metaphorical use—ranking the 'toughness' or 'intensity' of a situation—is a hallmark of natural-sounding B1-level Chinese.

Social Context: In casual but slightly intellectual conversation, a person might say their 'happiness coefficient' (幸福系数) is high today, meaning they are feeling particularly satisfied with life.

Using 系数 (xìshù) correctly requires understanding its role as a noun that often functions as the head of a compound phrase. It is rarely used alone without a modifier that specifies what kind of coefficient is being discussed. Whether you are talking about mathematics, engineering, or abstract social concepts, the structure is usually [Noun/Adjective] + 系数.

在数学中，x前面的数字被称为系数。 (In mathematics, the number in front of x is called the coefficient.)

One of the most common sentence patterns involves the verb '计算' (jìsuàn - to calculate) or '确定' (quèdìng - to determine). Since a coefficient is a numerical value, it is something that is derived through measurement or formula. You will often see sentences like '我们需要计算空气阻力系数' (We need to calculate the air resistance coefficient).

Pattern: [Subject] + [Verb] + [Modifier] + 系数: 工程师提高了大桥的安全系数。 (The engineers increased the safety coefficient of the bridge.) Here, '安全' modifies '系数' to create a specific technical term.

In evaluative sentences, 系数 often follows the verb '是' (shì - to be) or is described by adjectives like '高' (gāo - high) or '低' (dī - low). Unlike English where we might say 'The coefficient is 0.5,' in Chinese, it is common to say '系数为0.5' (The coefficient is 0.5), where '为' (wéi) acts as a formal version of 'to be'.

这项任务的风险系数很高，大家要小心。 (The risk coefficient of this task is very high; everyone should be careful.)

Another important usage is in comparisons. Because 系数 represents a standard or a ratio, it is often used to compare two different systems or materials. For example, 'A材料的导热系数比B材料高' (Material A's thermal conductivity coefficient is higher than Material B's). This structure is vital for technical reports and academic writing.

Comparison Structure: [Entity A] 的 [Type] 系数 + 比 + [Entity B] + 高/低。 This is the standard way to compare technical properties.

这个公式的回归系数具有统计学意义。 (The regression coefficient of this formula is statistically significant.)

While 系数 (xìshù) might sound like a word trapped in a textbook, it is actually quite pervasive in Chinese media and professional environments. If you watch the evening news (新闻联播) or read financial journals like Caixin, you will encounter it frequently. It appears whenever data is being analyzed or when experts are discussing the 'health' of an economy or a social system.

最近公布的基尼系数显示贫富差距正在缩小。 (The recently released Gini coefficient shows that the wealth gap is narrowing.)

In the academic world—from middle school math classes to university research labs—系数 is a daily staple. Teachers use it to explain algebraic expressions, and researchers use it to describe experimental results. If you are a student in China, you will hear '多项式的系数' (coefficients of a polynomial) in almost every algebra lesson.

Workplace & Engineering: On construction sites or in tech companies, safety is paramount. You will hear project managers talking about '安全系数' (safety factor) during briefings. If a software system is under stress, developers might discuss its 'load coefficient' or 'stability coefficient'.

Sports commentary is another surprising place to hear this word. During the Olympics, especially in sports like diving or synchronized swimming, commentators will explain the '难度系数' (degree of difficulty). They might say, '这一跳的难度系数是3.5' (The difficulty coefficient of this dive is 3.5). This helps the audience understand why a less 'splashy' dive might score higher than a spectacular one.

教练，这个动作的难度系数太大了。 (Coach, the difficulty coefficient of this move is too high.)

Finally, in the realm of health and environment, the 'UV Index' is often translated or referred to as '紫外线系数' in some contexts, though '指数' (zhǐshù) is more common for indices. However, you will hear 系数 in specialized medical discussions regarding 'absorption coefficients' for medications or 'correlation coefficients' in health studies. It is a word that signals you are entering a space of precise measurement.

Daily Life Metaphors: Young professionals in cities like Beijing or Shanghai often use '压力系数' (stress coefficient) to describe how burned out they feel. '我最近的压力系数爆表了' (My stress coefficient has gone off the charts recently).

The most frequent mistake learners make with 系数 (xìshù) is confusing it with its close cousins: 指数 (zhǐshù - index) and 比率 (bǐlǜ - ratio/rate). While they all involve numbers and relationships, their mathematical and linguistic functions differ significantly. Using the wrong one can make your sentence sound technically incorrect or confusing to a native speaker.

错误：股票系数上涨了。 (Incorrect: The stock coefficient went up.)
正确：股票指数上涨了。 (Correct: The stock index went up.)

In the example above, '指数' (index) is used for a composite value representing a whole market (like the S&P 500). A '系数' (coefficient) is usually a fixed multiplier or a specific constant. You don't say 'stock coefficient' unless you are talking about a very specific technical beta value in finance, which is much more specialized.

Confusing Ratio and Coefficient: '比率' (ratio) is a relationship between two amounts (e.g., male-to-female ratio). '系数' is a number used to multiply a variable. If you say '男女系数,' people will be very confused. Use '男女比例' or '比率' instead.

Another common error is using 系数 as a verb. Remember, 系数 is strictly a noun. You cannot '系数' something. You must '计算' (calculate), '调整' (adjust), or '测量' (measure) a coefficient. Some learners try to use it to mean 'to relate' because the first character '系' can mean 'relation,' but this is grammatically impossible for this specific word.

Finally, watch out for the pronunciation of '系'. In this word, it is pronounced 'xì' (fourth tone). However, the character '系' can also be pronounced 'jì' when it means 'to tie' (like tying shoelaces: 系鞋带 - jì xiédài). Using 'jìshù' instead of 'xìshù' is a common pronunciation slip-up that changes the word into something nonsensical.

Summary of Confusion: 1. Coefficient (系数): A multiplier/constant.
2. Index (指数): A composite indicator (e.g., Price Index).
3. Ratio (比例/比率): Relationship between two parts.

To master 系数 (xìshù), you must be able to distinguish it from its synonyms and related terms. While they all live in the neighborhood of 'numbers and relationships,' each has a specific 'home' where it belongs. Let's look at the most common alternatives and how they differ from 系数.

指数 (zhǐshù) - Index: An 'index' is a composite value used to track changes over time (like the Consumer Price Index 消费者物价指数). While '系数' is usually a fixed part of a formula, '指数' is often a fluctuating result used for observation.

这里的系数是常数，但那个指数是变量。 (The coefficient here is a constant, but that index is a variable.)

常数 (chángshù) - Constant. A 'constant' is a number that never changes in a given context (like Pi). A 'coefficient' is often a constant, but specifically one that is multiplied by a variable. So, all coefficients in a specific equation might be constants, but not all constants are coefficients (some might be standalone terms).

参数 (cānshù) - Parameter: A 'parameter' is a value that defines a system or sets the conditions of an operation. In programming or engineering, you 'set parameters.' While a coefficient is a type of parameter, '参数' is a broader term used for any input variable that affects the output.

比例 (bǐlì) - Proportion/Scale. This refers to the relationship between the size, amount, or degree of two things. For example, 'the scale of a map' (地图的比例尺). Use '比例' when you are talking about how one thing relates to another in terms of size; use '系数' when you are talking about a mathematical multiplier.

我们需要根据膨胀系数来调整设计的比例。 (We need to adjust the design proportions based on the expansion coefficient.)

Finally, 因数 (yīnshù) - Factor. In basic arithmetic, factors are numbers you multiply together to get a product (e.g., 2 and 3 are factors of 6). While 'coefficient' and 'factor' are related, 系数 is the term used specifically in algebra for the number part of a term like '3x'.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The character '系' originally depicted silk threads being tied together, symbolizing connection. In '系数', it represents the connection between the multiplier and the variable it acts upon.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /ʃiː ʃuː/

US /ʃiː ʃuː/

Both syllables are stressed equally, but the falling tone on 'xì' and 'shù' gives it a sharp, rhythmic sound.

هم‌قافیه با

术 (shù) 数 (shù) 路 (lù) 步 (bù) 度 (dù) 驻 (zhù) 树 (shù) 注 (zhù)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing '系' as 'jì' (like in 'tie shoes'). In this context, it MUST be 'xì'.
Misplacing the tones. Both are fourth tone (falling).
Pronouncing 'x' like English 'z' or 'ks'. It should be a soft 'sh'.
Confusing the 'u' in 'shù' with 'ü'. It is a standard 'oo' sound.
Dragging the vowels too long. Chinese syllables are typically clipped.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

Easy to recognize in technical texts but requires context to understand which 'coefficient' is meant.

نوشتن 4/5

Writing the character '系' correctly requires practice with the stroke order of the top and bottom parts.

صحبت کردن 3/5

Easy to pronounce if you remember the fourth tones and don't say 'jì'.

گوش دادن 3/5

Clearly distinguishable in speech, especially when preceded by words like 'safety' or 'difficulty'.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

数学 (shùxué) 数字 (shùzì) 关系 (guānxì) 安全 (ānquán) 计算 (jìsuàn)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

指数 (zhǐshù) 常数 (chángshù) 参数 (cānshù) 变量 (biànliàng) 公式 (gōngshì)

پیشرفته

相关性 (xiāngguānxìng) 回归分析 (huíguī fēnxī) 显著性 (xiǎnzhùxìng) 百分点 (bǎifēndiǎn)

گرامر لازم

Noun Compounds without '的'

安全系数 (Correct) vs 安全的系数 (Incorrect/Rare). Technical terms drop the possessive particle.

Using '为' for Stating Values

系数为0.5. '为' functions as a formal 'is' in mathematical contexts.

Measure Word '个'

三个系数. Use '个' for counting abstract mathematical terms.

Adjective Modifiers

高系数 vs 低系数. Direct modification for technical levels.

Prepositional Phrases with '随'

随温度变化而改变的系数. 'With the change of temperature, the coefficient changes.'

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

这里的安全系数很高。

The safety coefficient here is very high.

安全 (safety) + 系数 (coefficient) + 很高 (is very high).

这个玩具的系数是多少？

What is the coefficient of this toy?

Use '是多少' to ask for the value of a coefficient.

难度系数是一。

The difficulty coefficient is one.

A1 learners use simple numbers with the word.

那个系数很大。

That coefficient is very large.

Adjectives like 大 (large) and 小 (small) describe coefficients.

我不知道这个系数。

I don't know this coefficient.

Subject + 不知道 + Noun.

这个系数很重要。

This coefficient is very important.

Adjective phrase describing importance.

请看这个系数。

Please look at this coefficient.

Imperative sentence with 请.

系数在书里。

The coefficient is in the book.

Locative sentence structure.

这个动作的难度系数是2.0。

The difficulty coefficient of this move is 2.0.

Specific use in sports context.

我们需要提高安全系数。

We need to improve the safety coefficient.

Verb 提高 (improve) + Object.

这个公式里有两个系数。

There are two coefficients in this formula.

Using measure words (个) with 系数.

老师解释了系数的意思。

The teacher explained the meaning of coefficient.

Verb 解释 (explain) + Object.

他的幸福系数很高。

His happiness coefficient is very high.

Metaphorical use in daily life.

我们要检查一下系数。

We need to check the coefficient.

Verb 检查 (check) + 一下 (a bit).

这个系数比那个小。

This coefficient is smaller than that one.

Comparison structure using 比.

请写下这个系数。

Please write down this coefficient.

Resultative complement 写下.

摩擦系数决定了滑动的速度。

The friction coefficient determines the sliding speed.

Technical term 摩擦系数 used as a subject.

基尼系数是衡量贫富差距的指标。

The Gini coefficient is an indicator for measuring the wealth gap.

Economic term usage.

在代数式中，系数通常是常数。

In an algebraic expression, the coefficient is usually a constant.

Academic context.

这种材料的膨胀系数很低。

The expansion coefficient of this material is very low.

Describing material properties.

由于安全系数不足，工程停工了。

Due to an insufficient safety coefficient, the project was halted.

Using '由于...由于' to show cause.

我们需要调整模型中的系数。

We need to adjust the coefficients in the model.

Verb 调整 (adjust) + Object.

这个系数反映了市场的变化。

This coefficient reflects the changes in the market.

Verb 反映 (reflect) + Object.

请计算出相关的相关系数。

Please calculate the relevant correlation coefficient.

Using 计算出 to mean 'calculate the result'.

该项研究的相关系数达到了0.9。

The correlation coefficient of this study reached 0.9.

Using 达到 (reach) for numerical values.

我们需要考虑空气阻力系数的影响。

We need to consider the influence of the air resistance coefficient.

Complex noun phrase as object.

回归系数的显著性需要进一步验证。

The significance of the regression coefficient needs further verification.

Formal academic tone.

该系数随温度的变化而波动。

The coefficient fluctuates with changes in temperature.

Using 随...而... (along with... then...).

增加安全系数会提高生产成本。

Increasing the safety coefficient will increase production costs.

Gerund-like subject phrase.

不同行业的风险系数差异很大。

The risk coefficients of different industries vary greatly.

Noun 差异 (difference) + Adverb 很大.

通过调整系数，我们可以优化结果。

By adjusting the coefficients, we can optimize the results.

Using 通过 (through) to show method.

这个系数是实验成功的关键。

This coefficient is the key to the success of the experiment.

Metaphorical use of 'key'.

热导系数是评价隔热材料性能的核心指标。

The thermal conductivity coefficient is a core indicator for evaluating the performance of insulation materials.

Formal definition-style sentence.

基尼系数的升高引发了广泛的社会讨论。

The rise in the Gini coefficient has sparked widespread social discussion.

Abstract subject + Verb 引发 (spark/trigger).

该公式中的变系数反映了系统的非线性特征。

The variable coefficients in the formula reflect the non-linear characteristics of the system.

Advanced scientific terminology.

我们需要精确测量光电转换系数。

We need to precisely measure the photoelectric conversion coefficient.

Adverb 精确 (precisely) + Verb 测量 (measure).

系数的微小偏差可能导致巨大的误差。

A slight deviation in the coefficient may lead to huge errors.

Logic of cause and effect.

这种算法通过动态调整系数来适应环境变化。

This algorithm adapts to environmental changes by dynamically adjusting coefficients.

Complex technical description.

在置信区间内，该系数是稳定的。

Within the confidence interval, the coefficient is stable.

Statistical context.

为了确保万无一失，我们必须核对每一项系数。

To ensure everything is foolproof, we must verify every single coefficient.

Using idiom '万无一失' (no chance of error).

宏观经济模型中的参数往往表现为一组相互关联的系数。

Parameters in macroeconomic models often manifest as a set of interconnected coefficients.

Highly formal academic structure.

该论文深入探讨了弹性系数在不同市场环境下的演变。

The paper delves into the evolution of the elasticity coefficient under different market environments.

Verb 探讨 (explore/discuss) + Object.

系数的选取必须基于严谨的实证分析。

The selection of coefficients must be based on rigorous empirical analysis.

Passive-like structure with 必须基于.

通过对扩散系数的精确控制，我们实现了材料的改性。

Through precise control of the diffusion coefficient, we achieved material modification.

Complex prepositional phrase.

该系数的理论值与观测值之间存在显著差异。

There is a significant difference between the theoretical value and the observed value of the coefficient.

Formal comparison of values.

在多变量分析中，确定各个系数的权重至关重要。

In multivariate analysis, determining the weight of each coefficient is crucial.

Using 至关重要 (of vital importance).

这一系数的变化趋势预示着产业结构的深层变革。

The changing trend of this coefficient foreshadows deep transformations in the industrial structure.

Abstract metaphorical reasoning.

我们需警惕基尼系数跨越警戒线所带来的社会风险。

We must be alert to the social risks brought about by the Gini coefficient crossing the warning line.

Political and social analysis tone.

ترکیب‌های رایج

安全系数

难度系数

摩擦系数

基尼系数

膨胀系数

عبارات رایج

系数为

— The coefficient is... (Used to state a value).

该系数为0.5。

调整系数

— To adjust the coefficient. Used when fine-tuning a model.

我们需要调整公式中的系数。

计算系数

— To calculate the coefficient. Standard scientific process.

学生们正在计算摩擦系数。

确定系数

— To determine or fix the coefficient.

工程师确定了安全系数。

系数波动

— Fluctuation of the coefficient. Used in data analysis.

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

系数 vs 指数 (zhǐshù)

An index (composite value) vs. a coefficient (single multiplier).

系数 vs 比例 (bǐlì)

A ratio/scale between two things vs. a multiplier.

系数 vs 常数 (chángshù)

A constant number vs. a constant that specifically multiplies a variable.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"无"

— Note: '系数' is a modern scientific term and does not have traditional Chengyu (4-character idioms) associated with it.

N/A

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

系数 vs 指数

Both involve numbers and are used in formulas.

'指数' is an index or exponent. '系数' is a coefficient (multiplier).

物价指数 (Price Index) vs. 摩擦系数 (Friction Coefficient).

系数 vs 比率

Both describe relationships between numbers.

'比率' is a rate or ratio (usually a percentage). '系数' is a multiplier.

失业率 (Unemployment Rate) vs. 膨胀系数 (Expansion Coefficient).

系数 vs 参数

Both are values that define a system.

'参数' is a broader term for any setting. '系数' is specifically a multiplier.

系统参数 (System Parameters) vs. 回归系数 (Regression Coefficient).

系数 vs 因数

Both are parts of a multiplication.

'因数' are numbers multiplied together. '系数' is specifically the constant part of an algebraic term.

12的因数 (Factors of 12) vs. 3x中的系数是3 (The coefficient in 3x is 3).

系数 vs 因子

Similar meaning to 'factor' or 'element'.

'因子' is often used in biology or abstract 'factors' (e.g., risk factor). '系数' is more mathematical.

风险因子 (Risk Factor) vs. 风险系数 (Risk Coefficient).

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

[Noun] + 系数 + 很 + [Adj]

难度系数很高。

计算 + [Type] + 系数

计算摩擦系数。

[Type] + 系数 + 为 + [Number]

安全系数为1.5。

通过 + 调整 + 系数 + [Verb]

通过调整系数优化模型。

由于 + [Type] + 系数 + [Reason]

由于安全系数不足导致停工。

该系数 + 反映了 + [Abstract Noun]

该系数反映了系统的稳定性。

[Type] + 系数 + 的 + 显著性

回归系数的显著性。

[Type] + 系数 + 跨越 + [Boundary]

基尼系数跨越了警戒线。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

系统 (xìtǒng) - System

系列 (xìliè) - Series

关系 (guānxì) - Relationship

数学 (shùxué) - Mathematics

数据 (shùjù) - Data

فعل‌ها

联系 (liánxì) - To contact

计算 (jìsuàn) - To calculate

数 (shǔ) - To count

صفت‌ها

数字的 (shùzì de) - Digital/Numerical

مرتبط

指数 (zhǐshù) - Index

常数 (chángshù) - Constant

参数 (cānshù) - Parameter

因数 (yīnshù) - Factor

比率 (bǐlǜ) - Ratio

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Common in educational, technical, and news contexts.

اشتباهات رایج

Using 'jìshù' instead of 'xìshù'. → xìshù
'系' has two sounds. In this word, it must be the fourth tone 'xì'. 'jì' is for tying things.
Saying '股票系数' for stock index. → 股票指数
A market index is '指数'. A '系数' is a specific multiplier in a formula.
Writing '安全的系数' with '的'. → 安全系数
Technical terms in Chinese are usually direct compounds and do not use '的'.
Using '系数' to mean 'interest rate'. → 利率
Banking rates use '率' (lǜ), not '系数'.
Confusing '系数' with '因数'. → 系数 (for 4x), 因数 (for 2*3)
'因数' are general factors in multiplication; '系数' is the specific numeric part of an algebraic term.

نکات

Pair it with Nouns

Remember that '系数' is almost always preceded by a noun that describes what kind of coefficient it is (e.g., 摩擦, 安全, 难度).

Use '为' for Numbers

When stating the value of a coefficient, use the formal word '为' (wéi) instead of '是' (shì) to sound more professional.

The 'Xì' Rule

Never say 'jìshù'. Always 'xìshù'. If you say 'jìshù', it sounds like 'technique' (技术 - jìshù), which is a completely different word.

News Vocabulary

If you hear the word '基尼' (Jīní), the next word will almost certainly be '系数'. This refers to income inequality.

Be Creative

You can create your own 'coefficients' in casual speech, like '美貌系数' (beauty coefficient) or '倒霉系数' (bad luck coefficient) for a humorous effect.

No 'De' Needed

Avoid writing '安全的系数'. It should be '安全系数'. Technical compounds in Chinese usually don't need '的'.

Compare Values

When comparing two coefficients, use the structure 'A的[Type]系数比B高'.

HSK Prep

Look for '系数' in the reading section of higher-level HSK exams. It often appears in science-themed passages.

Business Data

In business meetings, use '相关系数' (correlation coefficient) to show how marketing relates to sales; it sounds very impressive.

Safety First

In any engineering context, '安全系数' is the most important term you will need to know.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of '系' (xì) as 'connection' and '数' (shù) as 'number.' A coefficient is the 'connection number' that ties a constant to a variable.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a number (数) tied with a silk thread (系) to a letter like 'X'. The number is the 'tied number' or coefficient.

شبکه واژگان

数学 (Math) 物理 (Physics) 安全 (Safety) 难度 (Difficulty) 公式 (Formula) 常数 (Constant) 计算 (Calculate) 基尼 (Gini)

چالش

Try to find three things in your house and assign them a 'happiness coefficient' from 1 to 10. Say it in Chinese: '这个沙发的幸福系数是9。'

ریشه کلمه

The term is a compound of '系' (xì), meaning system, connection, or relation, and '数' (shù), meaning number or count. It was adopted into modern Chinese to translate the Western mathematical concept of 'coefficient' during the late Qing Dynasty and early Republican era as part of the modernization of science education.

معنای اصلی: A number that describes a relationship within a system.

Sino-Tibetan (Chinese characters).

بافت فرهنگی

Discussions about the Gini Coefficient can be politically sensitive in some Chinese contexts if they imply criticism of government economic performance.

In English, 'coefficient' is almost strictly technical. In Chinese, '系数' is used more broadly in casual metaphors (like 'happiness coefficient').

The Gini Coefficient (基尼系数) in Chinese economic reports. Olympic Diving commentary: '难度系数 3.8'. Scientific papers on 'Expansion Coefficients' (膨胀系数) in high-speed rail construction.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Math Class

这个系数是多少？
把系数提出来。
常系数线性方程。
系数不能为零。

Engineering Site

安全系数达标了吗？
提高摩擦系数。
热胀冷缩系数。
加强安全系数。

Economic News

基尼系数预警线。
贫富差距系数。
消费系数。
调整分配系数。

Sports Commentary

难度系数极高。
完成分和难度系数。
降低难度系数。
起跳难度系数。

Daily Conversation

幸福系数百分百。
压力系数太大。
困难系数爆表。
安全系数第一。

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"你觉得这个项目的难度系数高吗？ (Do you think the difficulty level of this project is high?)"

"你知道什么是基尼系数吗？ (Do you know what the Gini coefficient is?)"

"在设计这个零件时，安全系数是多少？ (What was the safety coefficient when designing this part?)"

"为什么这个公式里的系数是负数？ (Why is the coefficient in this formula a negative number?)"

"你今天的幸福系数是多少？ (What is your happiness coefficient today?)"

"这种材料的摩擦系数适合做鞋底吗？ (Is this material's friction coefficient suitable for shoe soles?)"

موضوعات نگارش

描述一个你觉得难度系数很大的任务，并解释你是如何完成它的。 (Describe a task with a high difficulty coefficient and explain how you completed it.)

如果你可以调整你的生活‘幸福系数’，你会改变哪些变量？ (If you could adjust your life 'happiness coefficient,' which variables would you change?)

谈谈你对当前社会基尼系数的看法。 (Talk about your views on the current social Gini coefficient.)

记录一次你在学习数学或科学时遇到‘系数’这个词的经历。 (Record an experience where you encountered the word 'coefficient' while studying math or science.)

为什么在工程建设中，安全系数总是最重要的？ (Why is the safety coefficient always the most important in engineering construction?)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

In basic algebra, yes, a coefficient is usually a constant. However, in advanced calculus or engineering, you might encounter '变系数' (variable coefficients) which change depending on another variable like time or temperature.

No. For interest rates, you must use '利率' (lìlǜ). '系数' is not used for financial interest or percentages of that nature.

'难度' is just 'difficulty' (e.g., this is hard). '难度系数' is a specific numerical score assigned to that difficulty, often used in professional sports like diving.

Yes, especially in machine learning and data science, where 'weight' (权重) and 'coefficient' (系数) are used to describe how inputs affect a model's output.

It is '基尼系数' (jīní xìshù). It is a very common term in Chinese news when discussing the wealth gap.

Yes, a coefficient can be positive, negative, or zero. For example, a 'negative correlation coefficient' (负相关系数) means two things move in opposite directions.

The character '系' has two pronunciations. 'jì' is only for the verb 'to tie' (e.g., tie a belt). In all other meanings related to systems, departments, or coefficients, it is 'xì'.

Yes, it typically appears in the HSK 5 or HSK 6 levels, as it is considered more academic or formal vocabulary.

The most common measure word is '个' (gè). For example, '一个系数'.

Yes! It’s a slightly clever, modern way to talk about how happy you are. It sounds a bit like 'My happiness level is at a 9 today.'

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