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B2 adjective 11 دقیقه مطالعه

建设性的

jianshexing de
مثال‌ها 建设性的 در ۳۰ ثانیه
توضیح 建设性的 in your Level:
At the A1 level, '建设性的' (jiànshèxìng de) is quite advanced. You don't need to use it yet, but you can understand it as a very fancy way of saying 'good' (好的) or 'helpful' (有帮助的). If a teacher says your homework is '建设性的', they mean you have some very good ideas that will help the class. Think of it as 'building' (like building blocks) + 'nature' (the kind of thing it is). It is a long word, so just remember that the first two characters '建设' are about building things. If you want to say something similar but easier, you can say '这很有用' (This is very useful). You will mostly see this word in very formal books or when important people speak on TV. It is like a 'super-adjective' for ideas.
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For A2 learners, you are starting to see more words ending in '性' (xìng), which is like the English '-ness' or '-ive'. '建设性' means 'constructiveness'. When you add '的' (de), it becomes 'constructive'. You can use it when you want to be very polite in a classroom or a simple office setting. For example, '老师，我有一个建设性的想法' (Teacher, I have a constructive idea). It sounds much more professional than just saying '我有一个好主意' (I have a good idea). At this level, try to recognize it in reading. If you see it, know that the speaker is trying to be helpful and positive. It's the opposite of being 'mean' or 'destructive' with your words.
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At B1, you should begin to use '建设性的' in your writing and formal speaking. This is the level where you distinguish between 'useful' (有用) and 'constructive' (建设性). 'Constructive' implies that you are helping to *improve* a specific project or situation. You should practice the collocation '提出建设性的建议' (to put forward constructive suggestions). This is a very common phrase in Chinese business and academic life. You should also understand that this word is usually for abstract things like opinions, plans, and roles. If you use it correctly, it shows that you have a professional vocabulary. It is also a good word to use in debates to show that you are looking for a solution, not just arguing.
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At the B2 level, '建设性的' is a key vocabulary word for professional fluency. You should be able to use it flexibly in various contexts, such as '建设性的对话' (constructive dialogue) or '发挥建设性的作用' (play a constructive role). You should understand the nuance that this word is often used in diplomacy to describe meetings where no big agreement was made, but the atmosphere was good. You should also be able to use the adverbial form '建设性地' (constructively) to describe actions. For example: '我们必须建设性地解决分歧' (We must resolve our differences constructively). At this level, you are expected to understand that this word carries a tone of 'professionalism' and 'cooperation'.
For C1 learners, '建设性的' should be part of your active, high-level vocabulary. You should analyze how it is used in sophisticated texts, such as political white papers or complex business strategies. You can use it to describe complex social phenomena, like '建设性的社会变革' (constructive social change). You should also be aware of its synonyms like '中肯' (pertinent) or '有见地' (insightful) and know when to choose '建设性的' over them. For instance, '建设性的' specifically emphasizes the *future-oriented* and *building* aspect of a contribution. You should also be able to use it in the structure '具有...的建设性' (possessing the constructiveness of...) to add variety to your sentence structures.
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At the C2 level, you use '建设性的' with the precision of a native speaker. you understand its strategic use in high-stakes negotiations and academic theory. You might use it to discuss the '建设性的模糊性' (constructive ambiguity) in diplomatic treaties—a concept where language is left vague to allow both sides to agree. You can also critique the use of the word itself, noting when it is used as a 'buzzword' in corporate environments to mask a lack of substantive progress. Your mastery includes knowing the perfect balance of when to use this formal term and when to opt for more poetic or idiomatic expressions to achieve the same persuasive effect in speech or writing.
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مثال‌ها

建设性的 در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • An adjective meaning 'constructive,' used for helpful feedback or ideas.
  • Commonly used in professional, academic, and diplomatic contexts to denote improvement.
  • Derived from '建设' (build) and '性' (nature/quality).
  • Opposite of '破坏性' (destructive); usually modifies nouns like suggestions or roles.

The term 建设性的 (jiànshèxìng de) is a sophisticated adjective in Chinese that translates directly to 'constructive' in English. It is a compound word derived from '建设' (jiànshè), meaning to build, construct, or establish, and the suffix '性' (xìng), which indicates a property, nature, or quality, followed by the adjectival marker '的' (de). When you describe something as 建设性的, you are implying that it has the quality of 'building up' rather than 'tearing down.' This word is a staple in professional, academic, and diplomatic discourse because it shifts the focus from mere criticism to improvement and forward-looking solutions.

Core Concept
The essence of 建设性的 is the intent to facilitate progress. In a meeting, a 'constructive suggestion' (建设性的建议) isn't just a good idea; it's an idea specifically designed to fix a problem or enhance a project's outcome.
Etymological Nuance
The characters '建' (to establish) and '设' (to set up/plan) combined suggest a deliberate act of creation. Adding '性' turns this action into an abstract attribute. Therefore, something 'constructive' possesses the inherent nature of planned creation.

我们需要更多建设性的意见，而不是一味的指责。(Wǒmen xūyào gèng duō jiànshèxìng de yìjiàn, ér bùshì yīwèi de zhǐzé.)
We need more constructive feedback, not just constant blaming.

In Mandarin-speaking societies, especially in mainland China, Taiwan, and Singapore, the word is frequently used in the context of 'nation-building' and 'social harmony.' When a government official or a business leader speaks of 'constructive dialogue' (建设性对话), they are signalling a willingness to cooperate and find common ground. It is the opposite of 'destructive' (破坏性 - pòhuàixìng). Using this word marks you as an advanced speaker who understands the value of positive contribution in a social or professional hierarchy.

这次会议取得了建设性的成果。(Zhè cì huìyì qǔdéle jiànshèxìng de chéngguǒ.)
This meeting achieved constructive results.

Furthermore, 建设性的 is not limited to verbal feedback. It can describe actions, roles, or even relationships. A 'constructive role' (建设性角色) in a project implies that the person involved was instrumental in its success and development. In psychological contexts, one might talk about 'constructive conflict resolution,' where the focus is on growth rather than winning an argument. The versatility of this term lies in its ability to elevate the conversation from the mundane to the strategic.

Synonym Comparison
While '有用的' (yǒuyòng de - useful) is common, '建设性的' is more specific about the *intent* to build or improve. '积极的' (jījí de - positive) focuses on attitude, while '建设性的' focuses on the *utility* of the output toward a goal.

双方进行了建设性的讨论。(Shuāngfāng jìnxíngle jiànshèxìng de tǎolùn.)
Both sides engaged in a constructive discussion.

Using 建设性的 correctly requires understanding its role as an attributive adjective. In Chinese, attributive adjectives usually precede the noun they modify, often connected by the particle '的' (de). Because '建设性' already ends with the '性' (property) suffix, the addition of '的' makes it a complete modifier ready for use in formal structures.

Pattern 1: [建设性的] + [Noun]
This is the most common usage. It modifies abstract nouns like 建议 (suggestion), 意见 (opinion/feedback), 批评 (criticism), 角色 (role), or 成果 (result).
Example: 建设性的意见 (Constructive feedback).
Pattern 2: [Subject] + [是] + [建设性的]
Used to describe the nature of a subject.
Example: 他的话是建设性的。(His words were constructive.)

老师给学生提供了许多建设性的指导。(Lǎoshī gěi xuésheng tígōngle xǔduō jiànshèxìng de zhǐdǎo.)
The teacher provided many constructive instructions to the students.

One important grammatical note is that '建设性' can sometimes function as a noun meaning 'constructiveness,' but it is almost always followed by '的' when used as an adjective. You will rarely see it used without '的' unless it is part of a compound term like '建设性批评' (constructive criticism), though even then, '的' is often preferred for clarity and rhythm in modern Mandarin.

我们应该建设性地处理这个问题。(Wǒmen yīnggāi jiànshèxìng de chǔlǐ zhège wèntí.)
We should handle this problem constructively.

In professional writing, you often see the verb '提出' (tíchū - to put forward/propose) paired with '建设性的建议'. This is a high-frequency collocation. Similarly, '发挥' (fāhuī - to bring into play/exert) is often used with '建设性作用' (constructive role). Mastering these pairings will make your Chinese sound much more natural and professional.

Formal Contexts
In diplomatic news: '两国领导人进行了建设性的会谈' (The leaders of the two countries held constructive talks). This implies that while there may be disagreements, the tone was helpful and progress was made.

请在评论中保持建设性的态度。(Qǐng zài pínglùn zhōng bǎochí jiànshèxìng de tàidù.)
Please maintain a constructive attitude in the comments.

Finally, when comparing ideas, you might say '这个方案比那个更有建设性' (This plan is more constructive than that one). Here, '建设性' is used as a noun following the comparative structure '更有' (more have/possess). This is a very common way to evaluate quality in a business or academic setting.

You are most likely to encounter 建设性的 in environments where problem-solving and collaboration are paramount. It is not a word you would typically hear in a casual conversation between friends about what to eat for dinner, but it is ubiquitous in the following four arenas.

1. The Corporate Workplace
During performance reviews (绩效评估) or project debriefs, managers will often use this term. If a manager says, '我希望你能多提一些建设性的看法,' they are asking you to stop complaining and start offering solutions. It is the language of 'value-add' in the Chinese business world.
2. Academic and Peer Reviews
In universities, when professors critique a student's thesis, they aim to provide '建设性的反馈' (constructive feedback). This signals that the criticism is meant to help the student improve their work for publication or graduation, rather than just pointing out flaws.

在学术研讨会上，大家提出了很多建设性的理论。(Zài xuéshù yántǎohuì shàng, dàjiā tíchūle hěnduō jiànshèxìng de lǐlùn.)
At the academic seminar, everyone proposed many constructive theories.

The third major arena is Diplomacy and News Media. If you watch CCTV (China Central Television) or read the People's Daily, '建设性的' appears constantly in reports on international relations. It is used to describe dialogues between nations that might have conflicting interests but are trying to avoid escalation. A '建设性伙伴关系' (constructive partnership) is a common diplomatic term used to describe a relationship focused on practical cooperation.

媒体称赞这篇社论具有建设性的眼光。(Méitǐ chēngzàn zhè piān shèlùn jùyǒu jiànshèxìng de yǎnguāng.)
The media praised this editorial for having a constructive vision.

Lastly, you will hear it in Personal Development and Self-Help. Modern Chinese podcasts and books on productivity often emphasize '建设性思维' (constructive thinking). This is the idea of training the mind to look for opportunities in every challenge. It is part of a broader cultural shift towards psychological resilience and professional growth in urban China.

4. Social Media Debates
On platforms like Zhihu (the Chinese Quora), users often call for '建设性的讨论.' It's a way to discourage 'trolling' or 'flaming' and encourage deep, well-reasoned arguments that contribute to the community's knowledge.

他在项目中发挥了建设性的作用。(Tā zài xiàngmù zhōng fāhuīle jiànshèxìng de zuòyòng.)
He played a constructive role in the project.

While 建设性的 is a straightforward translation of 'constructive,' English speakers often make nuanced errors when applying it in a Chinese context. The most frequent mistake involves confusing the *physical* with the *abstract*.

Mistake 1: Using it for Physical Construction
In English, 'constructive' is almost exclusively abstract. In Chinese, '建设' (jiànshè) can mean physical building (like a road or bridge). However, '建设性的' is only used for abstract concepts. You cannot say '建设性的木头' to mean 'wood used for building.' For physical building, use '建筑的' (jiànzhù de) or '施工的' (shīgōng de).
Mistake 2: Forgetting the '性' (xìng)
Beginners often say '建设的建议' (jiànshè de jiànyì). While understandable, it sounds like 'suggestions of building.' To convey the quality of being constructive, you must include '性'. It turns the verb/noun into a quality-based adjective.

❌ 这是一个建设的计划。(Zhè shì yīgè jiànshè de jìhuà.)

✅ 这是一个具有建设性的计划。(Zhè shì yīgè jùyǒu jiànshèxìng de jìhuà.)
This is a constructive plan.

Another common error is the misplacement of the adverbial '地' (de). If you want to say someone 'talked constructively,' you should use '建设性地' (jiànshèxìng de). Using the adjective marker '的' when an adverb is required is a classic CEFR B-level mistake. Remember: '的' for nouns, '地' for verbs.

不要只是批评，要提出建设性的替代方案。(Bùyào zhǐshì pīpíng, yào tíchū jiànshèxìng de tìdài fāng'àn.)
Don't just criticize; propose constructive alternatives.

Finally, learners sometimes confuse '建设性的' with '建立的' (jiànlì de - established). While they share the '建' root, '建立' refers to the act of setting something up once, whereas '建设' implies an ongoing process of development. Therefore, a 'constructive relationship' is '建设性的关系' because it is constantly being built and improved, not just 'established' once and left alone.

Mistake 3: Over-reliance on '的'
In some formal set phrases, the '的' can be dropped, such as '建设性意见'. However, for learners, it is safer to keep the '的' to ensure the sentence is grammatically sound. Dropping it incorrectly can make the sentence feel 'clipped' or overly telegraphic.

To truly master 建设性的, you must understand where it sits in the spectrum of 'positive' and 'useful' words in Chinese. Depending on the context, you might want to use a more specific or a more general alternative.

1. 积极的 (jījí de) - Positive/Proactive
While '建设性的' focuses on the *utility* of an idea, '积极的' focuses on the *attitude*. A 'positive attitude' (积极的态度) doesn't necessarily mean the ideas are constructive, just that the person is enthusiastic. However, they are often used together: '积极建设性的态度'.
2. 有益的 (yǒuyì de) - Beneficial/Helpful
'有益的' is broader. It means anything that brings benefit. Watching a documentary is '有益的' (beneficial), but it isn't necessarily '建设性的' unless you are using the information to build or improve something specific.

他的建议非常中肯。(Tā de jiànyì fēicháng zhòngkěn.)
His suggestion was very pertinent/to the point. (A great alternative when the advice is specifically accurate).

Another excellent alternative is 中肯 (zhòngkěn), which means 'pertinent' or 'to the point.' If someone's constructive feedback is particularly accurate and strikes at the heart of the matter, describing it as '中肯' is a very high compliment in professional Chinese. It suggests the person truly understands the situation.

我们需要一些切合实际的方案。(Wǒmen xūyào yīxiē qièhé shíjì de fāng'àn.)
We need some realistic/practical plans. (Often used alongside constructive).

In formal reports, you might also see 卓有成效 (zhuóyǒu chéngxiào), an idiom meaning 'highly effective.' While '建设性的' describes the *process* and *nature* of the contribution, '卓有成效' describes the *result*. If a constructive discussion leads to a great outcome, the result is '卓有成效的'.

3. 破坏性的 (pòhuàixìng de) - Destructive
This is the direct antonym. Understanding 'destructive' helps define 'constructive'. If feedback only points out what is broken without offering a fix, it is 破坏性的批评 (destructive criticism).

与其抱怨，不如做点有意义的事。(Yǔqí bàoyuàn, bùrú zuò diǎn yǒu yìyì de shì.)
Rather than complaining, why not do something meaningful? (A more common, less formal way to suggest being constructive).

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

这是一个建设性的主意。

This is a constructive idea.

A1: Simple adjective-noun structure using '的'.

2

你的话很有建设性。

Your words are very constructive.

A1: Using '很' + noun as an adjective.

3

我们需要建设性的帮助。

We need constructive help.

A1: '建设性' modifying '帮助'.

4

老师给了我建设性的意见。

The teacher gave me constructive feedback.

A1: Basic S-V-O structure with adjective.

5

这个建议是建设性的。

This suggestion is constructive.

A1: Using '是...的' to describe a noun.

6

大家要多提建设性的想法。

Everyone should suggest more constructive thoughts.

A1: '多提' (suggest more) + adjective + noun.

7

这不是建设性的批评。

This is not constructive criticism.

A1: Negative structure '不是'.

8

我们要有建设性的态度。

We should have a constructive attitude.

A1: '有' + adjective + noun.

1

会议中，他提出了建设性的建议。

During the meeting, he proposed constructive suggestions.

A2: Using '提出' (to propose) which is a common verb for suggestions.

2

这种方法比那个更有建设性。

This method is more constructive than that one.

A2: Comparative structure 'A 比 B 更...性'.

3

请给我一些建设性的反馈。

Please give me some constructive feedback.

A2: '反馈' (feedback) is a common noun modified by this adjective.

4

他的角色是非常建设性的。

His role was very constructive.

A2: Modifying the noun '角色' (role).

5

我们要进行建设性的对话。

We need to have a constructive dialogue.

A2: '进行' (to conduct) + adjective + '对话'.

6

她的批评总是建设性的。

Her criticism is always constructive.

A2: Adverb '总是' (always) + adjective.

7

这个项目需要建设性的讨论。

This project needs constructive discussion.

A2: '需要' (need) + adjective + noun.

8

他是一个具有建设性思维的人。

He is a person with a constructive mindset.

A2: '具有...思维' (possess ... thinking).

1

我们应该以建设性的方式解决问题。

We should solve problems in a constructive way.

B1: '以...的方式' (in a ... way) is a common B1 structure.

2

这次访问取得了建设性的成果。

This visit achieved constructive results.

B1: '取得' (to achieve/obtain) + adjective + '成果'.

3

他希望能发挥建设性的作用。

He hopes to play a constructive role.

B1: '发挥...的作用' (to play a ... role/effect).

4

双方都表达了建设性的意愿。

Both sides expressed a constructive will.

B1: '表达' (to express) + adjective + '意愿'.

5

我们需要建设性地处理分歧。

We need to handle differences constructively.

B1: Adverbial usage '建设性地' (constructively).

6

这篇文章具有很强的建设性。

This article is highly constructive.

B1: '具有很强的...' (possess a strong...).

7

他的意见对项目很有建设性。

His opinion is very constructive for the project.

B1: '对...很有建设性' (is very constructive towards...).

8

我们不接受非建设性的批评。

We do not accept non-constructive criticism.

B1: '非' (non-) prefix used with '建设性'.

1

两国领导人进行了建设性的会谈，达成了一些共识。

The leaders of the two countries held constructive talks and reached some consensus.

B2: Formal diplomatic vocabulary like '达成共识' (reach consensus).

2

在危机时刻，我们需要建设性的领导力。

In times of crisis, we need constructive leadership.

B2: Abstract noun '领导力' (leadership) modified by the adjective.

3

他总是能从建设性的角度看待挑战。

He is always able to look at challenges from a constructive perspective.

B2: '从...的角度' (from the perspective of...).

4

这种建设性的互动加强了团队的凝聚力。

This constructive interaction strengthened the team's cohesion.

B2: Using '凝聚力' (cohesion) and '互动' (interaction).

5

为了公司的发展，我们必须保持建设性的合作。

For the development of the company, we must maintain constructive cooperation.

B2: '保持' (maintain) + adjective + '合作'.

6

他的报告提供了一个建设性的框架。

His report provided a constructive framework.

B2: '框架' (framework) used in an abstract professional sense.

7

我们应当避免破坏性行为，转而采取建设性的行动。

We should avoid destructive behavior and instead take constructive action.

B2: Contrast between '破坏性' and '建设性'.

8

这次辩论充满了建设性的火花。

This debate was full of constructive sparks.

B2: Metaphorical use of '火花' (sparks).

1

该政策旨在为该地区建立一个建设性的安全架构。

The policy aims to establish a constructive security architecture for the region.

C1: '安全架构' (security architecture) is high-level political jargon.

2

缺乏建设性的沟通是导致项目失败的主要原因。

The lack of constructive communication is the primary reason for the project's failure.

C1: '缺乏' (lack of) + adjective + noun as a subject.

3

她以建设性的态度化解了这场潜在的冲突。

She neutralized this potential conflict with a constructive attitude.

C1: '化解' (to neutralize/resolve) + '冲突'.

4

在学术领域，建设性的怀疑精神是进步的动力。

In the academic field, a spirit of constructive skepticism is the driver of progress.

C1: '怀疑精神' (spirit of skepticism) modified by the adjective.

5

政府呼吁各方在谈判中展现出建设性的姿态。

The government calls on all parties to show a constructive posture in the negotiations.

C1: '展现' (to show/display) + adjective + '姿态' (posture/stance).

6

这种建设性的批评对于完善法律体系至关重要。

This constructive criticism is vital for perfecting the legal system.

C1: '对于...至关重要' (is vital for...).

7

他提出了一系列建设性的方案来应对气候变化。

He proposed a series of constructive solutions to address climate change.

C1: '应对' (to address/respond to) + '气候变化'.

8

文章探讨了建设性新闻在现代社会中的作用。

The article explored the role of constructive journalism in modern society.

C1: '探讨' (to explore/discuss) a specific concept like '建设性新闻'.

1

双方必须在建设性的框架内，通过外交手段解决领土争端。

Both sides must resolve territorial disputes through diplomatic means within a constructive framework.

C2: '外交手段' (diplomatic means) and '领土争端' (territorial disputes).

2

建设性的不确定性有时在战略谈判中具有重要价值。

Constructive uncertainty sometimes has significant value in strategic negotiations.

C2: Paradoxical concept '建设性的不确定性' (constructive uncertainty).

3

该学说提倡通过建设性的解构来重塑社会契约。

The doctrine advocates reshaping the social contract through constructive deconstruction.

C2: High-level philosophical terms '解构' (deconstruction) and '社会契约' (social contract).

4

这种建设性的干预有效地防止了区域经济的崩溃。

This constructive intervention effectively prevented the collapse of the regional economy.

C2: '干预' (intervention) and '防止...崩溃' (prevent the collapse of...).

5

他在论文中论证了建设性文化在跨国企业管理中的必要性。

In his thesis, he argued for the necessity of a constructive culture in multinational corporate management.

C2: '论证' (to argue/demonstrate) and '跨国企业' (multinational enterprise).

6

这种建设性的机制确保了各利益相关方能够公平对话。

This constructive mechanism ensures that all stakeholders can have a fair dialogue.

C2: '利益相关方' (stakeholders) and '机制' (mechanism).

7

我们应当警惕那些打着建设性旗号的破坏性建议。

We should be wary of destructive suggestions made under the banner of constructiveness.

C2: '打着...旗号' (under the banner of/under the guise of).

8

建设性的反馈应当基于对事实的客观分析，而非主观臆断。

Constructive feedback should be based on an objective analysis of facts rather than subjective conjecture.

C2: '基于' (based on) and '主观臆断' (subjective conjecture).

ترکیب‌های رایج

建设性的建议
建设性的意见
建设性的对话
建设性的反馈
发挥建设性作用
建设性的方案
建设性的批评
建设性的关系
建设性的思维
建设性的会谈

عبارات رایج

建设性地解决

— To solve a problem in a way that creates a positive outcome.

我们要建设性地解决矛盾。

具有建设性

— To possess the quality of being constructive.

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建設的 ژاپنی
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