灭绝 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- 灭绝 (mièjué) is a formal Chinese word meaning 'extinction' or 'to go extinct,' primarily used in biological, historical, and serious environmental contexts.
- It is composed of '灭' (extinguish) and '绝' (absolute/end), emphasizing the permanent and total nature of the disappearance of a species.
- Commonly used in phrases like '濒临灭绝' (on the brink of extinction) and '大灭绝' (mass extinction) to describe environmental crises.
- Unlike '消失' (disappear), '灭绝' is always permanent and applies to entire groups or categories rather than individuals or temporary states.
The term 灭绝 (mièjué) is a powerful and somber word in the Chinese language, primarily used to describe the total cessation of existence of a species or a lineage. Linguistically, it is composed of two characters: 灭 (miè), which means to extinguish, destroy, or put out like a fire, and 绝 (jué), which signifies something being cut off, exhausted, or reaching an absolute end. Together, they form a concept that is much more permanent than simple disappearance. When you use this word, you are talking about a point of no return. In biological contexts, it is the standard term for extinction. However, its usage extends into historical and even metaphorical realms, describing the complete wiping out of a civilization, a family line, or even a specific human quality in a very dramatic sense. You will find this word in textbooks discussing the dinosaurs, news reports regarding the current biodiversity crisis, and scientific journals exploring environmental science. It carries a heavy emotional and academic weight, signaling a loss that cannot be recovered. For English speakers, it maps almost perfectly to the word 'extinction' when used as a noun, and 'to become extinct' or 'to exterminate' when used as a verb, depending on the grammatical structure of the sentence.
- Biological Context
- This is the most common use. It refers to the death of the last individual of a species. For example, 'The dodo went extinct.' In Chinese: '渡渡鸟灭绝了。'
- Historical/Societal Context
- It can describe the total destruction of a group of people or a culture, often used in the context of war or genocide (种族灭绝).
- Metaphorical Context
- It can be used to describe the disappearance of a feeling or a tradition, though this is more poetic and less common in daily speech.
如果不保护环境，许多稀有动物将会灭绝。 (If we do not protect the environment, many rare animals will go extinct.)
恐龙在六千五百万年前就已经灭绝了。 (Dinosaurs already went extinct 65 million years ago.)
这种植物已经在这个地区灭绝了。 (This plant has already become extinct in this region.)
人类的活动加速了物种的灭绝。 (Human activities have accelerated the extinction of species.)
我们要防止这种古老的手艺灭绝。 (We must prevent this ancient craft from going extinct/dying out.)
In a broader sense, understanding 灭绝 requires an appreciation of the Chinese view on cycles of life and nature. While '灭' suggests the putting out of a flame, '绝' suggests the severing of a thread. When a species is '灭绝', the thread of its lineage is severed forever. This word is frequently paired with '濒临' (bīnlín), meaning 'on the verge of', to create the phrase '濒临灭绝' (on the brink of extinction), which is a staple of environmental activism and conservation biology in China today.
Using 灭绝 correctly requires understanding its role as both a verb and a noun. As a verb, it describes the action of becoming extinct. Unlike English, where 'extinct' is often an adjective ('The animal is extinct'), in Chinese, we say the animal 'has 灭绝-ed' (灭绝了). The particle '了' (le) is almost always present because extinction is a completed change of state. As a noun, it refers to the phenomenon itself, such as 'the mass extinction' (大灭绝). One of the most common sentence patterns involves identifying a subject and then stating that it is facing the threat of extinction or has already reached that state. We also see it in compound nouns like '种族灭绝' (genocide), where '种族' (race/ethnicity) is the object of the 'extinction'.
- Pattern 1: [Subject] + 灭绝了
- Used to state that a group is already gone. Example: '猛犸象已经灭绝了。' (Mammoths have already gone extinct.)
- Pattern 2: [Subject] + 濒临 + 灭绝
- Used to describe an endangered status. Example: '大熊猫曾经濒临灭绝。' (Giant pandas were once on the brink of extinction.)
- Pattern 3: [Cause] + 导致 + [Subject] + 灭绝
- Used to explain the reason for extinction. Example: '气候变化可能导致某些物种灭绝。' (Climate change may lead to the extinction of certain species.)
科学家们正在研究恐龙灭绝的原因。 (Scientists are studying the reasons for the extinction of dinosaurs.)
如果我们不采取行动，这种美丽的鸟类将会灭绝。 (If we don't take action, this beautiful bird species will go extinct.)
大规模的海啸造成了当地生物的灭绝。 (A large-scale tsunami caused the extinction of local organisms.)
Furthermore, when discussing extinction events in earth's history, the term '大灭绝' (dà mièjué) is used as a compound noun. For example, '二叠纪大灭绝' (The Permian Mass Extinction). In these cases, it functions as a formal scientific noun. When you are writing an essay about conservation, you should use '灭绝' to emphasize the finality of the situation. It is much more formal and serious than saying '没有了' (don't have anymore) or '死光了' (all died out), which are more colloquial and less precise.
You are most likely to encounter 灭绝 in educational and informative settings. If you watch Chinese-dubbed nature documentaries, such as those narrated in the style of David Attenborough, you will hear this word frequently when the narrator discusses the plight of endangered species or the history of life on Earth. It is a staple of the 'CCTV-9 Documentary' channel. In schools, students learn about the five major mass extinctions in biology and geography classes, where '灭绝' is the technical term used in every textbook. Beyond academia, it appears in news headlines concerning environmental policy, climate change summits like COP, and discussions about the 'Sixth Mass Extinction' (第六次大灭绝). In popular culture, it occasionally appears in science fiction movies or novels where the survival of the human race is at stake—phrases like '人类灭绝' (human extinction) provide a high-stakes dramatic hook. Even in video games with post-apocalyptic themes, the term is used to describe the state of the world.
- News & Media
- Headlines often use '濒临灭绝' to highlight the urgency of saving a specific animal, like the Yangtze finless porpoise.
- Documentaries
- Narrators use it to describe the tragic end of a species, often with somber background music.
- Legal/International Relations
- In the context of '防止及惩治灭绝种族罪公约' (Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide).
新闻报道：这种珍稀植物在野外已经基本灭绝。 (News report: This rare plant is basically extinct in the wild.)
历史书：白垩纪末期的物种大灭绝改写了地球的历史。 (History book: The mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period rewrote Earth's history.)
In a more casual setting, you might hear it in an exaggerated way. For example, a teacher might jokingly say, 'If you don't study, the spirit of hard work will 灭绝 in this class!' However, this is quite rare as the word remains primarily formal. Understanding its presence in these various domains helps you grasp that '灭绝' is not just a word for dead animals; it is a word for the absolute end of a category or type of being.
One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing 灭绝 with 消失 (xiāoshī). While both can be translated as 'disappear' in certain contexts, they are not interchangeable. '消失' is a general term for something going out of sight or ceasing to exist in a specific location (like fog disappearing or a person vanishing in a crowd). '灭绝' is specifically about the total, permanent end of a biological or systematic group. You would never say 'The fog 灭绝-ed,' and you would rarely say 'The species 消失-ed' if you meant it went extinct globally. Another mistake is using '灭绝' for individuals. You cannot say 'My grandfather 灭绝-ed.' For individuals, use '去世' (qùshì) or '死亡' (sǐwáng). '灭绝' always applies to a group, a species, or a whole category.
- Mistake 1: Individual vs. Group
- Incorrect: 那只老虎灭绝了。 (That tiger went extinct.) Correct: 老虎正面临灭绝的危险。 (Tigers are facing the danger of extinction.)
- Mistake 2: Temporary vs. Permanent
- Incorrect: 太阳下山后，光线灭绝了。 (After the sun set, the light went extinct.) Correct: 太阳下山后，光线消失了。 (After the sun set, the light disappeared.)
- Mistake 3: Active vs. Passive usage
- Learners often forget '濒临' (bīnlín) when they want to say 'endangered'. Saying 'They are extinction' is a common direct translation error. You must say 'They are on the brink of extinction' (它们濒临灭绝).
错误：人类灭绝了那个物种。 (Wrong: Humans extincted that species.) 正确：人类导致了那个物种的灭绝。 (Right: Humans caused the extinction of that species.)
Finally, watch out for the word '绝种' (juézhǒng). While '绝种' also means 'to go extinct', it is slightly more colloquial and sometimes carries a negative or harsh connotation, whereas '灭绝' is the standard, neutral scientific term. If you are writing a formal paper or giving a presentation, '灭绝' is always the safer and more professional choice. Avoiding these pitfalls will make your Chinese sound more natural and precise, especially in academic or formal contexts.
While 灭绝 is the primary word for extinction, there are several related terms that you should know to nuance your speech. Each of these has a slightly different focus—some emphasize the process, others the result, and some the scale of destruction. Understanding these differences will help you choose the right word for the right situation, whether you are talking about biology, history, or daily life. The most common alternatives include 绝迹 (juéjì), 消亡 (xiāowáng), and 毁灭 (huǐmiè).
- 绝迹 (juéjì)
- Literally 'traces are cut off'. This means something can no longer be found. It is often used for things that have disappeared from a specific area or for social phenomena. Example: '这种病在这一地区已经绝迹了。' (This disease has disappeared from this region.)
- 消亡 (xiāowáng)
- 'To wither and die out'. This is often used for abstract concepts like cultures, languages, or states. It implies a slower, more natural-seeming process of fading away. Example: '一些古老的语言正在消亡。' (Some ancient languages are dying out.)
- 毁灭 (huǐmiè)
- 'To destroy / ruin'. This emphasizes the violent or catastrophic cause of the disappearance. It is more about the act of destruction than the biological state of extinction. Example: '战争毁灭了这座城市。' (War destroyed this city.)
- 绝种 (juézhǒng)
- A direct synonym for '灭绝', but more common in spoken language. It is literally 'the seed is cut off'. It can feel a bit more blunt than '灭绝'.
那个古老的文明已经消亡了。 (That ancient civilization has withered away/died out.)
这种鸟在森林里已经绝迹了。 (This bird can no longer be found in the forest.)
Choosing between these words depends on your intended tone. '灭绝' remains the most scientific and clinical. If you want to sound like a researcher, use '灭绝'. If you want to sound more like a storyteller or a poet, '消亡' or '毁灭' might be more appropriate. By mastering these synonyms, you demonstrate a high level of Chinese proficiency and an ability to express complex ideas with precision.
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
The character '灭' in its traditional form (滅) contains the water radical, which makes its meaning of 'extinguishing' even clearer than the simplified version.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing 'jué' as 'joo-ay' instead of using the rounded 'ü' sound.
- Getting the tones wrong: confusing the 4th tone (falling) of 'miè' with the 3rd tone (dipping).
- Confusing the 'j' sound in 'jué' with a 'zh' sound.
- Failing to make the 'i' in 'miè' distinct enough.
- Pronouncing '灭' as 'mei' instead of 'mie'.
سطح دشواری
The characters are somewhat complex but very common in science-related texts.
The character '绝' can be tricky to write correctly, and '灭' has a specific stroke order.
The 'ü' sound in 'jué' is often a challenge for English speakers.
Easy to hear in documentaries, but can be confused with other 'jue' sounds.
بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟
پیشنیازها
بعداً یاد بگیرید
پیشرفته
گرامر لازم
The use of 了 for change of state.
恐龙灭绝了。
Prepositional phrases with 导致.
污染导致了灭绝。
The 濒临 + Verb structure.
濒临灭绝。
Using 走向 to indicate a trend.
走向灭绝。
Passive voice with 被 in formal contexts.
被宣布为灭绝。
مثالها بر اساس سطح
恐龙灭绝了。
Dinosaurs went extinct.
Subject + 灭绝 + 了 (indicating a completed change of state).
这种鸟灭绝了吗？
Did this bird go extinct?
Simple question using the particle 吗.
它们很久以前就灭绝了。
They went extinct a long time ago.
Using '很久以前' (a long time ago) to provide context.
我不希望熊猫灭绝。
I don't want pandas to go extinct.
Subject + 不希望 (don't hope) + Subject + 灭绝.
很多动物正在灭绝。
Many animals are going extinct.
Using '正在' to show an ongoing process, though '濒临灭绝' is more common at higher levels.
灭绝是很伤心的事情。
Extinction is a very sad thing.
灭绝 used as a noun/subject here.
我们要保护它们不灭绝。
We must protect them from going extinct.
保护 (protect) + Object + 不 (not) + 灭绝.
那个物种已经灭绝了。
That species has already gone extinct.
已经 (already) + 灭绝 + 了.
猛犸象是灭绝的动物。
Mammoths are extinct animals.
灭绝 used as an adjective modifying '动物' (animals).
由于天气太冷，它们灭绝了。
Because the weather was too cold, they went extinct.
由于 (due to) + Reason, [Subject] + 灭绝了.
科学家说它们已经灭绝了。
Scientists say they have already gone extinct.
Reporting what someone said.
这种花在地球上灭绝了。
This flower has gone extinct on Earth.
Specifying the location (在地球上).
如果没有水，生物会灭绝。
If there is no water, living things will go extinct.
Conditional sentence using 如果...会...
人类不应该让动物灭绝。
Humans should not let animals go extinct.
让 (let/cause) + Object + 灭绝.
这个岛上的鸟都灭绝了。
The birds on this island have all gone extinct.
Using '都' (all) to emphasize total extinction.
灭绝是一个严重的问题。
Extinction is a serious problem.
Noun usage in a simple subject-predicate sentence.
大熊猫曾经濒临灭绝。
Giant pandas were once on the brink of extinction.
濒临 (on the brink of) + 灭绝 is a key B1 collocation.
环境污染可能导致物种灭绝。
Environmental pollution may lead to species extinction.
导致 (lead to) + [Noun Phrase].
我们要防止这种珍稀植物灭绝。
We must prevent this rare plant from going extinct.
防止 (prevent) + [Event].
气候变化是灭绝的主要原因之一。
Climate change is one of the main reasons for extinction.
A is B 的原因之一 (A is one of the reasons for B).
许多物种因为失去栖息地而灭绝。
Many species went extinct because of losing their habitat.
因为 (because) ... 而 (and thus) ... structure.
这个物种在野外已经灭绝了。
This species is already extinct in the wild.
在野外 (in the wild) is a specific scientific context.
保护生物多样性可以减少灭绝。
Protecting biodiversity can reduce extinction.
Verb + Noun (减少灭绝).
历史上有过五次物种大灭绝。
There have been five mass extinctions in history.
物种大灭绝 (mass extinction of species) as a compound noun.
过度捕猎是导致该物种灭绝的直接原因。
Overhunting is the direct cause of the species' extinction.
导致...的直接原因 (the direct cause that leads to...).
这种古老的手艺正面临灭绝的危险。
This ancient craft is facing the danger of extinction.
Metaphorical use of 灭绝 for a cultural skill.
科学家警告说，我们正处于第六次大灭绝中。
Scientists warn that we are in the middle of the sixth mass extinction.
处于...中 (to be in the middle of a state/event).
如果不采取紧急行动，成千上万的物种将会灭绝。
If urgent action is not taken, thousands of species will go extinct.
成千上万 (thousands upon thousands) as an intensifier.
该法律旨在惩治种族灭绝罪行。
The law aims to punish the crime of genocide.
种族灭绝 (genocide) is a formal political/legal term.
这种抗生素的使用导致了细菌的大规模灭绝。
The use of this antibiotic led to a large-scale extinction of bacteria.
大规模 (large-scale) as an adjective for 灭绝.
他的行为被批评为灭绝人性。
His actions were criticized as being devoid of humanity.
灭绝人性 (to lose all humanity) is a common B2+ idiom.
建立自然保护区是为了防止物种灭绝。
Establishing nature reserves is to prevent species extinction.
是为了 (is for the purpose of) + [Verb Phrase].
外来物种的入侵可能打破生态平衡，甚至导致本地物种灭绝。
The invasion of alien species may break the ecological balance and even lead to the extinction of local species.
甚至 (even) used to emphasize the extreme result.
在漫长的地质年代中，灭绝是一个自然的过程。
In the long geological ages, extinction is a natural process.
Formal academic tone using '地质年代' (geological ages).
由于缺乏遗传多样性，该种群极易走向灭绝。
Due to a lack of genetic diversity, this population is highly susceptible to extinction.
走向灭绝 (heading towards extinction) describes the process.
这种文化的灭绝是全人类的共同损失。
The extinction of this culture is a common loss for all humanity.
Using 灭绝 for culture in a high-level sociopolitical context.
我们要反思现代文明是否正在加速生物灭绝。
We must reflect on whether modern civilization is accelerating biological extinction.
反思 (to reflect/rethink) + [Clause].
该物种已被宣布为功能性灭绝。
The species has been declared functionally extinct.
功能性灭绝 (functionally extinct) is a specific scientific term.
这一发现推翻了之前关于恐龙灭绝的假设。
This discovery overturned previous hypotheses about dinosaur extinction.
推翻 (overturn) + 假设 (hypothesis).
在极端环境下，生命面临着被灭绝的威胁。
In extreme environments, life faces the threat of being wiped out.
Passive structure: 面临着被...的威胁.
物种灭绝的速率已达到前所未有的程度，引起了全球范围内的恐慌。
The rate of species extinction has reached an unprecedented level, causing global panic.
前所未有 (unprecedented) is a C2-level idiom.
人类必须在自身也陷入灭绝境地之前，学会与自然和谐相处。
Humans must learn to live in harmony with nature before they themselves fall into the plight of extinction.
陷入...境地 (to fall into a situation/plight).
这一深刻的生态危机预示着一场不可逆转的生物大灭绝。
This profound ecological crisis heralds an irreversible mass biological extinction.
预示 (herald/foreshadow) + [Noun Phrase].
任何形式的文化灭绝都是对人类文明多样性的粗暴侵犯。
Any form of cultural extinction is a crude violation of the diversity of human civilization.
Sophisticated critique using '粗暴侵犯' (crude violation).
通过基因工程技术，或许有一天我们能让某些灭绝的物种‘复活’。
Through genetic engineering technology, perhaps one day we can 'revive' certain extinct species.
Complex conditional with '或许' (perhaps) and '能让' (can cause).
关于白垩纪末期灭绝事件的争论，在学术界依然没有定论。
The debate over the end-Cretaceous extinction event remains inconclusive in academic circles.
没有定论 (inconclusive/no final conclusion).
这种残酷的政策无异于精神上的灭绝。
This cruel policy is equivalent to spiritual extinction.
无异于 (be equivalent to/no different from) is a formal comparison.
在宇宙的宏大尺度上，个别星球上的生物灭绝可能只是微不足道的插曲。
On the grand scale of the universe, the extinction of life on individual planets may be just an insignificant interlude.
Philosophical phrasing using '宏大尺度' (grand scale) and '微不足道' (insignificant).
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— Already went extinct. Used to state a finished fact.
渡渡鸟已经灭绝了。
— Heading towards extinction. Describes a process or trend.
这种语言正在走向灭绝。
— Mass extinction. Refers to many species dying out at once.
科学家担心第六次大规模灭绝正在发生。
— Human-caused extinction. Specifically identifies human impact.
我们要避免更多的人为灭绝。
— Extermination plan. Used in sci-fi or dark historical contexts.
反派制定了一个灭绝计划。
— To commit genocide. The verb form of the political crime.
他因灭绝种族罪被起诉。
— Endangered species. The full noun phrase for protected animals.
这是濒临灭绝的物种名单。
— The threat of extinction. Describes a danger faced by a group.
它们正遭受灭绝的威胁。
— The cause of extinction. Used in scientific inquiry.
研究者在探讨恐龙灭绝的原因。
— Extinct in the wild. Animals only existing in captivity.
华南虎目前处于野外灭绝状态。
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
消失 means to disappear (temporary or local), while 灭绝 is permanent and total for a species.
死亡 is for individuals (death), while 灭绝 is for whole groups (extinction).
灭亡 is usually used for the fall of a country, dynasty, or civilization, while 灭绝 is more biological.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— Completely devoid of human feelings; cruel and heartless.
他的罪行简直灭绝人性。
Formal/Strong— To have no descendants; a very harsh curse in Chinese culture.
这种坏事做多了会绝子绝孙的。
Vulgar/Curse— To kill everyone; to be ruthless and leave no survivors.
他做事太狠，总是赶尽杀绝。
Informal— Unprecedented and never to be repeated; unique in history.
这是一场空前绝后的伟大演出。
Formal— To find a way to survive in a hopeless situation.
在最困难的时候，他绝处逢生。
Literary— A monstrous crime (often associated with genocide or total destruction).
灭绝种族是滔天大罪。
Formal— To vanish into thin air; to be completely destroyed.
昔日的帝国已经灰飞烟灭。
Literary— Similar to 绝子绝孙, meaning the end of a family line.
古人最怕的就是断子绝孙。
Formal/Historical— To eradicate something completely (like a disease or bad habit).
我们要根绝这种浪费现象。
Formal— To disappear from the public eye or 'the scene' (often used in martial arts novels).
这位大侠从此绝迹江湖。
Literaryبهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Both mean something is gone.
绝迹 means no traces are left in a specific place; 灭绝 means the species is gone from the entire planet.
狼在这个森林里绝迹了，但在别处还有。
Both mean dying out.
消亡 is a slower, natural process for abstract things like languages; 灭绝 is more clinical and biological.
方言正在消亡。
Both mean total destruction.
毁灭 emphasizes the act of destroying; 灭绝 emphasizes the biological result.
洪水毁灭了庄稼。
They are synonyms.
绝种 is more colloquial and blunt; 灭绝 is the professional scientific term.
这花快绝种了。
Both mean a kind of end.
凋零 is poetic, used for flowers or aging artists; 灭绝 is scientific.
老一辈艺术家逐渐凋零。
الگوهای جملهسازی
Subject + 灭绝了。
恐龙灭绝了。
因为...所以...灭绝了。
因为没吃的，它们灭绝了。
Subject + 濒临灭绝。
大熊猫濒临灭绝。
导致 + Noun + 灭绝。
污染导致物种灭绝。
面临...的威胁。
面临灭绝的威胁。
走向灭绝的边缘。
该物种已走向灭绝的边缘。
不可逆转的灭绝。
这是一场不可逆转的灭绝。
无异于...灭绝。
这无异于文化灭绝。
خانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
صفتها
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
High in educational and news contexts; low in daily casual chat.
-
Using 灭绝 for a single pet.
→
我的猫死了。
灭绝 is only for species or large groups.
-
Saying 'The fog 灭绝了'.
→
雾消失了。
灭绝 implies a biological or systematic end, not a physical disappearance.
-
Using it as an adjective like 'It is 灭绝'.
→
它灭绝了 / 它是灭绝的物种。
In Chinese, it functions more as a verb or a noun.
-
Confusing it with 灭亡.
→
这个物种灭绝了 / 这个国家灭亡了。
灭亡 is for countries/regimes; 灭绝 is for biological species.
-
Forgetting the 'ü' sound.
→
mièjué (rounded lips)
Pronouncing it as 'jue' (like 'juice') is incorrect.
نکات
Using '了'
Always remember to add '了' when stating that a species is already extinct (灭绝了).
The 'Bīnlín' Collocation
Memorize '濒临灭绝' as a single unit; it's the most common way to use the word.
The 'ü' Sound
Practice the 'ü' in 'jué' by keeping your tongue in the 'ee' position but rounding your lips.
Character Components
Remember that '灭' is 'fire' with a lid on it, and '绝' has the 'silk' radical.
Scientific Tone
Use 灭绝 in formal writing to sound more objective and professional.
Documentary Keywords
When you hear '灭绝', expect to hear about '环境' (environment) or '保护' (protection) soon after.
Humanity
Use '灭绝人性' only for very serious moral condemnations.
Choosing 绝迹
Use 绝迹 if you only mean the animal is gone from one specific park or country.
Visualizing '灭'
Imagine a fire being covered so it can't breathe; that is '灭'.
Lineage
Understand that 'extinguishing a line' is a very powerful concept in Chinese history.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Think of 灭 (mie) as 'Melt' (like fire melting/extinguishing) and 绝 (jue) as 'Just End'. When a species meets its 'Melted End', it is 灭绝.
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a candle flame being snuffed out (灭) and then the wick being cut off (绝) so it can never be lit again.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to write three sentences about different animals: one that is already 灭绝了, one that is 濒临灭绝, and one that you want to 保护.
ریشه کلمه
The character 灭 (miè) originally depicted water being poured over a fire, symbolizing the act of extinguishing. The character 绝 (jué) originally depicted silk threads being cut with a knife, symbolizing a complete break or end.
معنای اصلی: To extinguish a fire and to cut off a thread.
Sino-Tibetanبافت فرهنگی
Be extremely careful using '种族灭绝' (genocide) as it is a highly sensitive political term. Use '灭绝人性' only for truly heinous acts.
English speakers use 'extinction' almost exclusively for biology. Chinese speakers use '灭绝' similarly but with a stronger idiomatic connection to 'humanity' (灭绝人性).
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
Science Class
- 物种灭绝
- 恐龙灭绝
- 自然选择
- 适者生存
Environmental News
- 濒临灭绝
- 保护动物
- 生态危机
- 栖息地破坏
History Museum
- 大灭绝事件
- 化石
- 远古生物
- 进化史
Political Debate
- 种族灭绝
- 人权
- 国际法
- 人道主义
Sci-Fi Movie
- 人类灭绝
- 末日
- 拯救世界
- 最后一人
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"你认为人类活动是导致物种灭绝的主要原因吗？"
"你最喜欢的灭绝动物是什么？"
"我们应该如何防止濒临灭绝的动物消失？"
"你听说过‘第六次大灭绝’吗？"
"如果蜜蜂灭绝了，世界会变成什么样？"
موضوعات نگارش
写一写如果你发现了一种被认为已经灭绝的动物，你会怎么做。
讨论保护濒临灭绝物种的重要性。
想象一下未来人类也面临灭绝的威胁，我们该如何生存？
描述一个你认为正在‘消亡’或‘灭绝’的传统文化。
你认为通过科学技术让灭绝动物复活是一个好主意吗？
سوالات متداول
10 سوالNo, 灭绝 applies to a whole species or group. For a single animal, use 死了 (sǐle).
They mean the same thing, but 灭绝 is formal and scientific, while 绝种 is more common in spoken language.
It can be both. As a verb: '物种灭绝了'. As a noun: '物种灭绝的速度'.
Use the phrase 濒临灭绝 (bīnlín mièjué), which literally means 'approaching extinction'.
Only in extreme historical contexts (genocide: 种族灭绝) or to describe a total loss of humanity (灭绝人性).
Yes, by definition, 灭绝 means the species is gone forever and cannot return.
No, it also applies to plants, bacteria, and sometimes metaphorically to cultures or languages.
Usually referred to as 物种大灭绝.
No, for light or temporary things, use 消失 (xiāoshī) or 熄灭 (xīmiè) for a flame.
Not in casual small talk, but very common in news, school, and documentaries.
خودت رو بسنج 200 سوال
Write a sentence using '灭绝了' to describe dinosaurs.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence using '濒临灭绝' to describe pandas.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate: 'Pollution leads to species extinction.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence using '防止灭绝'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate: 'This bird went extinct 100 years ago.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence using '走向灭绝'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate: 'Mass extinction is a serious problem.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Use '灭绝人性' in a sentence about a crime.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate: 'The dodo is an extinct animal.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence about protecting endangered species.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate: 'Climate change causes extinction.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence using '灭绝' as a noun.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate: 'Humans are causing the sixth mass extinction.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence about a culture 'dying out' (use 消亡).
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate: 'They are on the brink of extinction.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence about a disease being 'wiped out' (use 绝迹).
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate: 'We must save them from extinction.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Use '大规模灭绝' in a sentence.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Translate: 'Extinction is permanent.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence using '种族灭绝'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Pronounce '灭绝' (mièjué).
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Dinosaurs are extinct' in Chinese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Pandas are endangered' using '濒临灭绝'.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Explain '灭绝' in simple Chinese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Discuss one cause of extinction in Chinese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'We must prevent extinction' in Chinese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Use '走向灭绝' in a sentence about a rare plant.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Pronounce '濒临灭绝' (bīnlín mièjué).
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Mass extinction event' in Chinese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Explain the difference between 消失 and 灭绝 in Chinese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Genocide is a crime' in Chinese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Use '灭绝人性' to describe a bad person.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Extinct in the wild' in Chinese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Pronounce '种族灭绝' (zhǒngzú mièjué).
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Discuss the importance of biodiversity in Chinese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Sixth mass extinction' in Chinese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Use '消亡' in a sentence about a language.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Functionally extinct' in Chinese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Irreversible extinction' in Chinese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Discuss the ethics of reviving extinct species in Chinese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Listen to the word: 'mièjué'. What does it mean?
Listen: 'Kǒnglóng mièjué le'. What happened to dinosaurs?
Listen: 'Bīnlín mièjué'. Is the animal already gone?
Listen: 'Dà mièjué'. Does this mean a small or large event?
Listen: 'Zhǒngzú mièjué'. What field does this belong to?
Listen: 'Mièjué rénxìng'. Is this a compliment?
Listen: 'Xiāoshī' vs 'Mièjué'. Which one is permanent for a species?
Listen: 'Wùzhǒng mièjué de sùdù'. What is being discussed?
Listen: 'Yěwài mièjué'. Where might you still find these animals?
Listen: 'Fángzhǐ mièjué'. What is the goal?
Listen: 'Dì liù cì dà mièjué'. Which number extinction is it?
Listen: 'Gōngnéngxìng mièjué'. Is the species technically still alive?
Listen: 'Wénhuà mièjué'. Is this about animals?
Listen: 'Miè' (4th tone) vs 'Mié' (2nd tone). Which is correct for extinction?
Listen: 'Jué' (2nd tone) vs 'Juè' (4th tone). Which is correct for extinction?
/ 200 درست
نمره کامل!
Summary
The word 灭绝 (mièjué) is the definitive term for extinction in Chinese. It conveys a sense of finality and scientific precision. For example, '恐龙灭绝了' (Dinosaurs went extinct) uses the particle '了' to mark the completed change of state.
- 灭绝 (mièjué) is a formal Chinese word meaning 'extinction' or 'to go extinct,' primarily used in biological, historical, and serious environmental contexts.
- It is composed of '灭' (extinguish) and '绝' (absolute/end), emphasizing the permanent and total nature of the disappearance of a species.
- Commonly used in phrases like '濒临灭绝' (on the brink of extinction) and '大灭绝' (mass extinction) to describe environmental crises.
- Unlike '消失' (disappear), '灭绝' is always permanent and applies to entire groups or categories rather than individuals or temporary states.
Using '了'
Always remember to add '了' when stating that a species is already extinct (灭绝了).
The 'Bīnlín' Collocation
Memorize '濒临灭绝' as a single unit; it's the most common way to use the word.
The 'ü' Sound
Practice the 'ü' in 'jué' by keeping your tongue in the 'ee' position but rounding your lips.
Character Components
Remember that '灭' is 'fire' with a lid on it, and '绝' has the 'silk' radical.
مثال
由于气候变化，许多珍稀物种正面临灭绝的危险。
