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B2 verb #6,500 پرکاربردترین 10 دقیقه مطالعه

枯竭

kūjié رتبه 6,500

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 枯竭 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 枯竭 in your Level:

At the A1 level, the word '枯竭' (kūjié) is quite advanced. However, you can think of it as a very strong way to say 'no more' or 'all gone,' specifically for water. Imagine a cup that is not just empty, but a well that has no water at the bottom. While you won't need to use this word in daily greetings, understanding that '枯' means 'dry' and '竭' means 'finished' helps you see how Chinese builds big words from simple ideas. If you see this word, just think: 'The water is finished.' It is like a very serious version of '没有了' (méiyǒu le).

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At the A2 level, you are starting to learn about the environment and nature. '枯竭' (kūjié) is a word you might see in a simple story about a drought. If a river '枯竭' (kūjié), it means there is no water left for the animals to drink. You can remember it by looking at the first character '枯' (kū), which has the 'wood' radical (木) on the left. This reminds you of dry wood. The second character '竭' (jié) means 'to use up.' So, 'dry and used up.' You might hear this in a basic news report about a dry season in a village.

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At the B1 level, you should begin to use '枯竭' (kūjié) in more abstract ways. Beyond just water drying up, you can use it to talk about money or energy. For example, if you are talking about a project that failed because it ran out of funding, you can say '资金枯竭' (zījīn kūjié). This sounds much more professional than just saying '没钱了' (méi qián le). You are also learning to describe feelings; if someone works too hard and can't think anymore, their '灵感' (línggǎn - inspiration) might be '枯竭'. It’s a great word for discussing problems in society or at work.

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At the B2 level, '枯竭' (kūjié) is a key vocabulary item for discussing social, environmental, and economic issues. You should be able to use it fluently in sentences like '资源枯竭型城市' (resource-exhausted cities) or '地下水枯竭' (groundwater depletion). At this level, you should also distinguish '枯竭' from similar words like '干涸' (specifically for water) or '枯萎' (specifically for plants). You will encounter this word in newspapers (like People's Daily) and in formal speeches. It is an essential word for the HSK 5 and HSK 6 exams. You should also understand its role as an intransitive verb that doesn't usually take an object directly.

At the C1 level, you should master the literary and nuanced uses of '枯竭' (kūjié). It can describe the decline of a culture, the end of a philosophical movement, or the emotional 'drying up' of a character in a novel. You will see it in academic papers discussing 'sustainable development' (可持续发展) where the '枯竭' of non-renewable resources is a central theme. You should also be comfortable using it in formal written arguments to add weight to your descriptions of scarcity. For example, '气数枯竭' (qìshù kūjié) is a high-level way to say a dynasty or organization's luck has run out.

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At the C2 level, '枯竭' (kūjié) is a tool for precise and evocative expression. You should be able to use it to create vivid metaphors in creative writing or to provide rigorous analysis in professional reports. You might explore its use in historical contexts, such as the '枯竭' of the Silk Road's importance or the '枯竭' of a specific dialect. At this level, you are expected to understand the subtle emotional resonance the word carries—a sense of irreversible loss and the death of a source. You can use it to discuss complex topics like 'the exhaustion of the human spirit' in modern urban life with native-like precision.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

枯竭 در ۳۰ ثانیه

枯竭 (kūjié) means to dry up or be completely exhausted, often used for resources like water, money, or creativity.
It is a formal B2-level word, much more serious and final than simply 'running out' of something.
Commonly paired with nouns like 资源 (resources), 资金 (funds), and 灵感 (inspiration) in news and literature.
Do not confuse it with 枯萎 (wilting plants) or 干燥 (dry weather/skin).

The Chinese term 枯竭 (kūjié) is a powerful verb that describes the state of being completely dried up or utterly exhausted. At its core, the word is composed of two characters: 枯 (kū), meaning withered or dried, and 竭 (jié), meaning to exhaust or use up entirely. While it originated in the context of hydrology—describing rivers and wells that no longer hold water—it has evolved into a versatile metaphorical tool in modern Mandarin. You will encounter this word most frequently when discussing environmental crises, economic resource depletion, or psychological burnout. It implies a finality that simpler words like 'empty' or 'finished' do not capture; it suggests that the source itself has ceased to provide.

Environmental Context: In environmental science, '枯竭' is the standard term for the depletion of natural resources. For instance, when an aquifer is pumped faster than it can recharge, scientists describe the water source as '枯竭'. It is a grave term used in warnings about the future of fossil fuels and biodiversity.
Creative and Mental Context: Writers and artists often use '灵感枯竭' (línggǎn kūjié) to describe the dreaded 'writer's block' or a total lack of inspiration. This usage suggests that the 'well of creativity' has run dry, making it a more poetic and dramatic choice than simply saying one is out of ideas.

由于长期的过度开采，这里的地下水已经枯竭了。 (Due to long-term over-exploitation, the groundwater here has already dried up.)

长时间的高强度工作让他感到精力枯竭。 (Long hours of high-intensity work made him feel emotionally and physically exhausted.)

Economic Usage: Economists use this word to describe the exhaustion of funds or capital. '资金枯竭' (zījīn kūjié) is a common phrase in financial news, indicating that a company or project has completely run out of money and has no further means of financing.

如果人类不节约用电，能源终将枯竭。 (If humans do not save electricity, energy resources will eventually be exhausted.)

在这片干旱的土地上，水源早已枯竭。 (In this arid land, water sources have long since dried up.)

他的创作才华似乎已经枯竭了。 (His creative talent seems to have dried up.)

In summary, 枯竭 is about the end of a flow—whether that flow is water, money, or thought. It describes a state of total depletion where nothing remains to be used or harvested. Use it when the stakes are high and the loss is absolute.

Using 枯竭 (kūjié) correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical role as an intransitive verb or a predicative adjective. It typically follows a noun that represents a liquid, a resource, or an abstract capacity. One of the most common structures is '[Noun] + 已经 + 枯竭了', which indicates that the depletion has already occurred. In more formal writing, you might see it used as an attributive, such as '枯竭的油井' (a dried-up oil well).

Pattern: Subject (Resource) + 枯竭: This is the simplest and most common form. The subject is usually a natural resource. Example: '资源枯竭' (Resource exhaustion). This phrase is often used as a compound noun in academic contexts to describe 'resource-exhausted cities' (资源枯竭型城市).
Pattern: Subject (Abstract) + 枯竭: When used with abstract nouns like 灵感 (inspiration), 才华 (talent), or 精力 (energy), it emphasizes a total loss of capacity. Example: '他的灵感枯竭了' (His inspiration has dried up). This indicates a qualitative change where the person can no longer produce work.

面对日益枯竭的石油资源，我们必须寻找替代能源。 (In the face of increasingly depleted oil resources, we must find alternative energy sources.)

这个国家的财政已经到了枯竭的边缘。 (The country's finances have reached the brink of exhaustion.)

Passive and Causative Use: While '枯竭' is usually intransitive, you can use '使...枯竭' to mean 'to cause something to dry up'. Example: '过度的压力使他的创造力枯竭' (Excessive pressure caused his creativity to dry up).

由于连年干旱，这条大河已经枯竭了。 (Due to consecutive years of drought, this great river has already dried up.)

保护水源，防止地下水枯竭，是我们的责任。 (Protecting water sources and preventing groundwater from drying up is our responsibility.)

如果不进行改革，养老金账户可能会在十年内枯竭。 (Without reform, pension accounts could dry up within ten years.)

To master '枯竭', focus on the 'source to empty' transition. If you are describing a process where a replenishing supply stops flowing, '枯竭' is your best choice.

In the daily life of a Chinese speaker, 枯竭 (kūjié) is most frequently encountered in formal media and educational settings. If you watch CCTV News (新闻联播), you will often hear it in reports regarding global warming, environmental protection, or the 'energy crisis' (能源危机). It is a staple of the 'Green Development' (绿色发展) discourse in modern China.

News and Documentaries: Documentaries about the history of mining towns in Northeast China (like Fushun or Hegang) frequently use this word. They discuss how these 'resource-exhausted cities' (资源枯竭型城市) must transition their economies now that the coal or iron ore has been '枯竭'.
Academic and Scientific Discourse: In geography or biology classes, students learn about '生态枯竭' (ecological exhaustion) or '水资源枯竭' (water resource depletion). It is a technical term used to describe the point of no return for an ecosystem's self-replenishment.

专家警告说，如果捕捞过度，该海域的渔业资源将会枯竭。 (Experts warn that if overfishing continues, the fishery resources in this sea area will be exhausted.)

由于缺乏创新，这家老牌企业的生命力正在枯竭。 (Due to a lack of innovation, the vitality of this old-brand enterprise is drying up.)

Social Media and Blogs: On platforms like Zhihu or Xiaohongshu, you might see influencers talking about '精神枯竭' (spiritual exhaustion) or '情绪枯竭' (emotional burnout) in the context of high-pressure corporate culture (996 culture). It’s a way to express a deep, existential tiredness.

在干旱地区，人们最担心的就是水井枯竭。 (In arid regions, what people fear most is the drying up of wells.)

这种药品的库存已经枯竭，急需补充。 (The stock of this medicine has been exhausted and urgently needs replenishment.)

虽然他年纪大了，但他的幽默感从未枯竭。 (Although he is old, his sense of humor has never dried up.)

Whether you are reading a serious editorial about the global economy or a poignant novel about a struggling artist, '枯竭' provides the necessary gravitas to describe the end of a vital supply.

Learners of Chinese often struggle with 枯竭 (kūjié) because it overlaps with several other words related to 'dryness' or 'emptiness'. The most common mistake is using it for physical objects that aren't 'sources' or for situations that are simply 'finished' rather than 'exhausted'.

Mistake 1: Confusing 枯竭 with 枯萎 (kūwěi): '枯萎' (kūwěi) is used specifically for plants withering or wilting. You can say a flower is '枯萎', but you cannot say a flower is '枯竭'. Conversely, you can say a river is '枯竭', but saying a river is '枯萎' sounds like the river is a dying plant. Remember: 枯萎 = biological wilting; 枯竭 = resource exhaustion.
Mistake 2: Using it for simple 'running out': If you run out of salt while cooking, you should say '没盐了' (méiyánle) or '盐用完了' (yán yòngwánle). Saying '盐枯竭了' is way too dramatic—it implies the world's salt mines have all emptied. '枯竭' is reserved for large-scale resources or profound internal capacities.

❌ 错误：我的笔墨水枯竭了。 (My pen ink is 'exhausted' - Incorrect usage for small items.)
✅ 正确：我的笔没水了。 (My pen is out of ink.)

❌ 错误：花园里的草都枯竭了。 (The grass in the garden is 'exhausted'.)
✅ 正确：花园里的草都枯萎了。 (The grass in the garden has withered.)

Mistake 3: Confusing with 干燥 (gānzào): '干燥' means 'dry' in terms of humidity or lack of moisture (like dry air or dry skin). '枯竭' means the *source* of liquid is gone. You can have '干燥' weather that *leads to* the '枯竭' of a lake, but they are not interchangeable.

❌ 错误：由于天气太枯竭，我的皮肤很痒。 (Incorrect usage for weather/skin.)
✅ 正确：由于天气太干燥，我的皮肤很痒。 (Due to the dry weather, my skin is itchy.)

❌ 错误：他已经枯竭地工作了十个小时。 (Incorrect as an adverb for working.)
✅ 正确：他已经精疲力竭地工作了十个小时。 (He has worked for ten hours to the point of exhaustion.)

❌ 错误：电影票已经枯竭了。 (Incorrect for sold-out items.)
✅ 正确：电影票已经卖完了。 (The movie tickets are sold out.)

Mastering these distinctions will help you sound more natural and avoid the 'melodramatic student' syndrome in your Chinese writing.

To truly understand 枯竭 (kūjié), it helps to compare it with its synonyms. Each of these words shares the theme of 'ending' or 'drying', but they have distinct 'registers' (formal vs. informal) and 'collocations' (words they usually go with).

枯竭 vs. 耗尽 (hàojìn): '耗尽' means 'to use up' or 'to consume entirely'. It is more active and can apply to almost anything: battery life, patience, money, time. '枯竭' is more about the *source* drying up. You '耗尽' your energy doing a sprint, but you suffer from '精力枯竭' as a chronic state. '耗尽' is the act; '枯竭' is the state of the source.
枯竭 vs. 干涸 (gānhé): '干涸' is the most literal synonym. It refers exclusively to liquids (rivers, lakes, blood) drying up. While '枯竭' can also mean this, '枯竭' is much more common in metaphorical senses (creativity, money). You would rarely say '资金干涸' (money dried up), but '资金枯竭' is standard.

烈日下，小溪已经干涸了。 (Under the scorching sun, the stream has dried up - Literal usage.)

枯竭 vs. 穷尽 (qióngjìn): '穷尽' means 'to reach the limit' or 'to exhaust all possibilities'. It is often used in the phrase '无穷无尽' (endless). While '枯竭' suggests a source has run out, '穷尽' suggests there is nothing more to explore or do. Example: '穷尽了一切办法' (exhausted all possible methods).

我们不能耗尽子孙后代的资源。 (We cannot exhaust the resources of future generations.)

人类的欲望是无穷尽的。 (Human desires are endless/inexhaustible.)

Summary Table: - 枯竭 (kūjié): Source/Resource exhaustion (Formal/Serious). - 耗尽 (hàojìn): General consumption (Active/Versatile). - 干涸 (gānhé): Liquid drying up (Literal/Specific). - 枯萎 (kūwěi): Plant wilting (Biological). - 穷尽 (qióngjìn): Reaching the end/limit (Abstract/Philosophical).

他的耐心已经被耗尽了。 (His patience has been exhausted - Better than using 枯竭 here.)

By choosing the right synonym, you show a sophisticated grasp of Mandarin nuance.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The character '竭' (jié) contains the component '曷', which also appears in words like '喝' (hē - to drink). This reinforces the connection to liquid and containers!

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /kʰuː⁵⁵ tɕiɛ³⁵/

US /kʰuː⁵⁵ tɕiɛ³⁵/

The emphasis is slightly more on the second syllable 'jié' as it carries the meaning of exhaustion.

هم‌قافیه با

枯 (kū) rhymes with 孤 (gū), 铺 (pū). 竭 (jié) rhymes with 节 (jié), 别 (bié), 铁 (tiě).

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'kū' with a falling tone (4th tone) which makes it sound like 'cool' in some dialects.
Confusing the 'j' in 'jié' with a 'zh' sound.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 4/5

Common in newspapers and textbooks, requiring knowledge of formal vocabulary.

نوشتن 5/5

Requires understanding of specific collocations to avoid sounding unnatural.

صحبت کردن 4/5

Used in serious discussions; rare in casual daily speech.

گوش دادن 4/5

Frequent in news broadcasts and documentaries.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

干干旱资源水用完

بعداً یاد بگیرید

匮乏稀缺可持续转型恶化

پیشرفته

殚精竭虑竭泽而渔山穷水尽

گرامر لازم

Resultative Complements (竭)

用竭 (use up), 耗竭 (consume until exhausted).

Abstract vs. Concrete Nouns

枯竭 can take both (水 vs 灵感).

Adverbial Modification

已经 (already), 正在 (currently), 逐渐 (gradually).

Causative Verbs (使/让)

干旱使河流枯竭。

Nounification

...的枯竭 (the exhaustion of...).

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

水井枯竭了。

The water well has dried up.

Subject (水井) + Verb (枯竭) + 了 (completion).

河水枯竭。

The river water dried up.

Simple Subject-Verb structure.

这里没有水，枯竭了。

There is no water here, it's dried up.

Using 枯竭 to explain why there is no water.

小河枯竭了，鱼死了。

The small river dried up, and the fish died.

Sequential events using 了.

因为不下雨，水枯竭了。

Because it doesn't rain, the water dried up.

Cause and effect with 因为.

那个地方的水枯竭了。

The water in that place has dried up.

Locative phrase + possessive 的.

湖水慢慢枯竭。

The lake water is slowly drying up.

Adverb (慢慢) + Verb (枯竭).

水枯竭是很严重的问题。

Water drying up is a serious problem.

Verb phrase acting as a subject.

如果一直不下雨，湖泊会枯竭。

If it keeps not raining, the lake will dry up.

Conditional structure '如果...会...'.

老百姓担心水源枯竭。

The common people are worried about water sources drying up.

Subject + Verb (担心) + Object (Noun phrase).

这个地方以前有水，现在枯竭了。

This place used to have water, but now it has dried up.

Time contrast: 以前 vs 现在.

我们必须保护水，不让它枯竭。

We must protect water and not let it dry up.

Modal verb (必须) and causative (让).

森林里的溪流已经枯竭了。

The streams in the forest have already dried up.

Locative (森林里) + 已经...了.

干旱导致了河流的枯竭。

Drought caused the drying up of the rivers.

导致 (cause) + Object (枯竭 acting as a noun).

农民们因为井水枯竭而烦恼。

The farmers are troubled because the well water dried up.

Because (因为) ... therefore (而) ...

水源枯竭对动物很不友好。

Water source depletion is very unfriendly to animals.

Preposition (对) ... adjective (不友好).

写了三本书后，他的灵感枯竭了。

After writing three books, his inspiration dried up.

Abstract usage with 灵感 (inspiration).

这家公司因为资金枯竭而破产。

This company went bankrupt because its funds were exhausted.

Abstract usage with 资金 (funds).

如果不节约用电，能源很快会枯竭。

If we don't save electricity, energy will soon be exhausted.

Abstract usage with 能源 (energy).

长期熬夜让他感到精力枯竭。

Staying up late for a long time made him feel mentally exhausted.

Abstract usage with 精力 (energy/vitality).

由于过度开采，这里的煤矿已经枯竭。

Due to over-mining, the coal mines here are already exhausted.

Formal noun 煤矿 (coal mine) + 枯竭.

这个国家的石油资源正在枯竭。

The oil resources of this country are drying up.

Continuous aspect with 正在.

当才华枯竭时，他选择去旅行。

When his talent dried up, he chose to go traveling.

Time clause with 当...时.

为了防止灵感枯竭，他每天都读书。

In order to prevent inspiration from drying up, he reads every day.

Purpose clause with 为了.

资源枯竭型城市需要转型。

Resource-exhausted cities need to undergo transformation.

枯竭 used as part of a compound adjective.

过度捕捞会导致渔业资源枯竭。

Overfishing will lead to the exhaustion of fishery resources.

Formal term 渔业资源 (fishery resources).

地下水的过度开采导致了地面沉降和水源枯竭。

Over-extraction of groundwater led to land subsidence and water source depletion.

Complex subject and compound object.

随着年龄的增长，他感到创造力在逐渐枯竭。

As he gets older, he feels his creativity is gradually drying up.

随着 (as/along with) structure.

这家银行面临着流动性枯竭的风险。

This bank is facing the risk of a liquidity dry-up.

Financial term 流动性 (liquidity).

他的感情已经枯竭，不再爱任何人。

His emotions have dried up; he no longer loves anyone.

Metaphorical usage for emotions.

这篇文章讨论了全球淡水资源枯竭的危机。

This article discusses the crisis of global freshwater resource depletion.

Formal verb 讨论 (discuss).

如果森林被砍光，生态平衡就会枯竭。

If the forests are all cut down, the ecological balance will be exhausted.

Conditional '如果...就...'.

该地区的传统文化正面临着生命力枯竭的危险。

The traditional culture of this region is facing the danger of its vitality drying up.

Abstract noun 生命力 (vitality).

长时间的战争使这个国家的国库彻底枯竭。

Long years of war have completely exhausted the country's treasury.

Causative 使 (make/cause).

他试图在思想枯竭的沙漠中寻找一丁点绿洲。

He tried to find a tiny oasis in the desert of exhausted thought.

Highly metaphorical/literary usage.

这种不可再生资源的枯竭是不可避免的。

The exhaustion of this non-renewable resource is inevitable.

Formal adjective 不可再生 (non-renewable).

当一个社会的道德感枯竭时，法律也难以维持秩序。

When a society's sense of morality dries up, laws also find it hard to maintain order.

Complex conditional clause.

他那源源不断的幽默感似乎永远不会枯竭。

His steady stream of humor seems as if it will never dry up.

Idiom 源源不断 (steady stream) used as a contrast.

在资源枯竭之后，这个小镇变成了一个鬼城。

After the resources were exhausted, this small town became a ghost town.

Time phrase '在...之后'.

由于缺乏新血，这个学术流派的影响力正在枯竭。

Due to a lack of 'new blood', the influence of this academic school is drying up.

Metaphorical 'new blood' (新血).

在后工业时代，许多城市面临着产业结构单一和资源枯竭的双重挑战。

In the post-industrial era, many cities face the dual challenges of a singular industrial structure and resource exhaustion.

High-level socio-economic terminology.

他晚年的作品流露出一种才情枯竭的无奈与悲凉。

His late-life works reveal a sense of helplessness and desolation from the drying up of his talent.

Literary verbs 流露 (reveal) and 才情 (talent/spirit).

当人类对自然的索取无度时，大地的馈赠终将枯竭。

When humanity's demands on nature are excessive, the earth's gifts will eventually dry up.

Formal/Poetic phrasing '索取无度' and '馈赠'.

该政权的合法性基础正在因腐败而逐渐枯竭。

The foundation of the regime's legitimacy is gradually drying up due to corruption.

Political science terminology.

这种艺术形式的审美价值已经枯竭，急需创新。

The aesthetic value of this art form has been exhausted and urgently needs innovation.

Abstract noun 审美价值 (aesthetic value).

在信息爆炸的时代，人们的注意力资源却在日益枯竭。

In the era of information explosion, people's attention resources are increasingly drying up.

Modern psychological concept '注意力资源'.

他那曾经如泉涌般的思绪，如今已是一片枯竭的荒原。

His thoughts, which once flowed like a spring, are now an exhausted wasteland.

Elaborate metaphor using '如泉涌般'.

如果不能解决根本矛盾，这种暂时的繁荣终会枯竭。

If the fundamental contradictions cannot be resolved, this temporary prosperity will eventually dry up.

Philosophical/Economic context.

مترادف‌ها

耗尽干涸穷尽衰竭

متضادها

充沛丰富源源不断

ترکیب‌های رایج

资源枯竭

灵感枯竭

资金枯竭

水源枯竭

精力枯竭

才华枯竭

动力枯竭

国库枯竭

情感枯竭

油井枯竭

عبارات رایج

资源枯竭型城市

— Cities that rely on natural resources which have now run out.

中国有很多资源枯竭型城市。

灵感枯竭

— To have no more creative ideas; writer's block.

他坐在电脑前，感到灵感枯竭。

枯竭的眼泪

— To have cried so much that no more tears can come.

她流干了枯竭的眼泪。

精力枯竭

— To be completely burnt out mentally and physically.

高强度的工作导致他精力枯竭。

资金枯竭

— To be completely out of money to run a business.

创业公司最怕资金枯竭。

水源枯竭

— The drying up of water sources.

水源枯竭威胁着当地人的生存。

才情枯竭

— The exhaustion of artistic or literary talent.

这位老作家面临着才情枯竭的困境。

生命力枯竭

— The loss of vitality or the will to live/grow.

这棵老树的生命力已经枯竭。

动力枯竭

— The loss of motivation or driving force.

学习动力枯竭是一个严重的问题。

库存枯竭

— To be completely out of stock.

由于需求量大，口罩库存已经枯竭。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

枯竭 vs 枯萎

Used for plants wilting; 枯竭 is for sources drying up.

枯竭 vs 干涸

More literal, used almost exclusively for water; 枯竭 is more metaphorical.

枯竭 vs 耗尽

Focuses on the act of using up; 枯竭 focuses on the state of the source.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"枯竭而亡"

— To die because resources or vitality have dried up.

由于水源断绝，这些树木最终枯竭而亡。

Formal

"精疲力竭"

— Extremely tired; physically exhausted (related via '竭').

跑完马拉松后，他感到精疲力竭。

Common

"取之不尽，用之不竭"

— Inexhaustible; always available (the opposite of 枯竭).

大自然的力量是取之不尽，用之不竭的。

Common

"才思枯竭"

— To be at one's wits' end; no more creative thoughts.

他苦思冥想了半天，依然才思枯竭。

Literary

"源头枯竭"

— The source has dried up.

如果不保护森林，溪水的源头就会枯竭。

Formal

"财源枯竭"

— Financial sources have dried up.

由于生意失败，他的财源枯竭了。

Formal

"气数已竭"

— One's fate or luck has run out (related to 枯竭).

这个王朝气数已竭，注定要灭亡。

Literary

"竭泽而渔"

— To drain the pond to get all the fish; to ruin resources for short-term gain.

这种竭泽而渔的做法会破坏生态平衡。

Common

"殚精竭虑"

— To exhaust one's thoughts and energy for a cause.

他为这个项目殚精竭虑。

Formal

"江郎才尽"

— An idiom meaning a writer has lost their creative spark (similar to 灵感枯竭).

他最近的作品很平庸，大家都说他江郎才尽了。

Common

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

枯竭 vs 枯萎

Both start with '枯' and mean 'drying'.

枯萎 is biological (plants/flowers). 枯竭 is for resources/sources (water/money/ideas).

花枯萎了，但井枯竭了。

枯竭 vs 干燥

Both relate to a lack of water.

干燥 is an adjective for humidity (dry air). 枯竭 is a verb/state for depletion (source is gone).

天气干燥，导致湖泊枯竭。

枯竭 vs 穷尽

Both mean 'exhausted' or 'finished'.

穷尽 is often used for 'possibilities' or 'methods' (reaching the end of a list). 枯竭 is for a 'flow' or 'supply'.

我穷尽了办法，但资金还是枯竭了。

枯竭 vs 告罄

Both mean 'none left'.

告罄 is specifically for inventory/tickets/goods (sold out). 枯竭 is for natural or abstract sources.

门票告罄，但我的精力枯竭。

枯竭 vs 贫乏

Both describe a lack of something.

贫乏 means 'poor' or 'lacking' in quality/quantity (static). 枯竭 means 'dried up' (dynamic/process).

他的知识贫乏，但他的灵感枯竭了。

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

由于...，...枯竭了。

由于没下雨，水井枯竭了。

如果...，...就会枯竭。

如果你不学习，你的知识就会枯竭。

...面临着...枯竭的危险。

这个公司面临着资金枯竭的危险。

...正在逐渐枯竭。

地球上的石油正在逐渐枯竭。

使...彻底枯竭。

过度的压力使他的创造力彻底枯竭。

...的枯竭是不可避免的。

这种资源的枯竭是不可避免的。

...流露出...枯竭的无奈。

他的话语中流露出才思枯竭的无奈。

...枯竭之日，便是...之时。

资源枯竭之日，便是人类受苦之时。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

枯竭 (Exhaustion/Depletion)

فعل‌ها

枯竭 (To dry up/To exhaust)

صفت‌ها

枯竭的 (Depleted/Dried up)

مرتبط

干枯

枯萎

竭力

耗尽

枯燥

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Common in news and literature; rare in daily chats.

اشتباهات رایج

Using 枯竭 for a dying flower. → 使用“枯萎”。
枯萎 is for biological withering; 枯竭 is for resource depletion.
Saying '我的钱枯竭了' for losing a 5-yuan bill. → 使用“没钱了”或“丢了钱”。
枯竭 is for large-scale or serious fund exhaustion, not minor personal losses.
Confusing 枯竭 with 干燥 (dry). → 使用“干燥”形容天气。
干燥 is about humidity; 枯竭 is about the source being empty.
Using it for a phone battery. → 使用“没电了”。
枯竭 is too formal and semantically incorrect for electronic devices.
Using it as a transitive verb without '使'. → 使用“使资源枯竭”而不仅仅是“枯竭资源”。
枯竭 is usually intransitive. To make it transitive, you need a causative word.

نکات

Learn the Root

Focus on '竭' (jié). It appears in many words meaning 'to exhaust' like '竭力' (to do one's best) and '精疲力竭' (exhausted). Understanding this root makes many words easier.

Environmental News

Read Chinese news about 'climate change' (气候变化). You will see '枯竭' used constantly to describe water and energy issues.

Formal Essays

When writing about social problems, use '枯竭' to sound more academic. Instead of '没钱', use '资金枯竭'.

The Dry Tree

Remember the 'tree' radical in '枯'. A tree without water becomes '枯' (dry). A resource without a source becomes '枯竭'.

Tone Practice

Practice the transition from the high-level 1st tone 'kū' to the rising 2nd tone 'jié'. It requires good breath control.

Literature

Look for this word in modern Chinese novels. It often describes a character's feeling of hopelessness or the decline of a family.

Synonym Check

Always ask: 'Is this a plant?' (Use 枯萎). 'Is this just a liquid?' (Use 干涸). 'Is this a source?' (Use 枯竭).

Documentary Audio

Watch documentaries about the Yellow River (黄河). You will hear '枯竭' used to describe periods when the river stopped flowing.

Verb Usage

Remember that 枯竭 is usually intransitive. You don't '枯竭' something; something '枯竭's by itself (though you can use '使...枯竭').

Chengyu Connection

Learn the idiom '取之不尽，用之不竭'. It is the direct opposite of '枯竭' and is very common in speeches.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

'Kū' sounds like a 'cool' breeze drying out a 'tree' (木). 'Jié' sounds like 'Jie' (sister) who is 'exhausted' after a long day. Together: The tree is dry and the sister is exhausted.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a cracked, dry riverbed (枯) and an empty wallet (竭). Both represent the end of a flow.

شبکه واژگان

资源 (Resources) 水 (Water) 灵感 (Inspiration) 资金 (Funds) 精力 (Energy) 干旱 (Drought) 浪费 (Waste) 保护 (Protect)

چالش

Try to use '枯竭' in a sentence about your favorite hobby. For example: '如果你不练习钢琴，你的热情会枯竭吗？' (If you don't practice piano, will your passion dry up?)

ریشه کلمه

The word combines '枯' (withered wood) and '竭' (to exhaust a vessel). '枯' appears in the Oracle Bone Script as a tree that has lost its leaves. '竭' contains the radical for 'standing' (立) and a phonetic component, originally referring to a person carrying a heavy load to the point of collapse.

معنای اصلی: Originally used to describe the drying up of rivers and the withering of plants.

Sino-Tibetan / Sinitic.

بافت فرهنگی

No specific sensitivities, but use it seriously; using it for trivial things can sound sarcastic or overly dramatic.

English speakers might use 'dry up' or 'run dry' for water, but would use 'burnout' for energy. Chinese uses '枯竭' for both, showing a unified view of physical and mental resources.

'枯竭' is a central theme in many environmental documentaries about the Gobi Desert's expansion. The term '资源枯竭型城市' is a specific official designation for dozens of cities in China like Fushun and Hegang.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Environmental Discussion

保护水源
资源浪费
生态平衡
全球变暖

Business/Finance

破产
投资
现金流
财政赤字

Creative Writing

才华
创作
瓶颈
想象力

Personal Health

压力
亚健康
休息
心理辅导

History/Politics

王朝
衰落
改革
合法性

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"你觉得人类的能源会枯竭吗？ (Do you think humanity's energy will run out?)"

"你有没有过灵感枯竭的时候？ (Have you ever had a time when your inspiration dried up?)"

"如何防止一个城市的资源枯竭？ (How can we prevent a city's resources from drying up?)"

"情感枯竭对一段关系有什么影响？ (What impact does emotional exhaustion have on a relationship?)"

"你认为现在的年轻人面临精力枯竭的问题吗？ (Do you think young people today face the problem of mental exhaustion?)"

موضوعات نگارش

写一写你感到精力枯竭的一次经历。 (Write about a time you felt mentally exhausted.)

如果地球上的水资源枯竭了，世界会变成什么样？ (If the earth's water resources dried up, what would the world look like?)

讨论一下如何应对工作中的灵感枯竭。 (Discuss how to deal with the drying up of inspiration at work.)

你认为资源枯竭型城市应该如何发展旅游业？ (How do you think resource-exhausted cities should develop tourism?)

描述一个由于资源枯竭而荒废的村庄。 (Describe a village abandoned due to resource exhaustion.)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, that would sound very strange. For a battery, use '没电了' (méi diàn le) or '电量耗尽' (diànliàng hàojìn). 枯竭 is reserved for more significant sources like water or funds.

It is almost always negative, as it describes the loss or exhaustion of a useful resource or talent. It implies a crisis or a sad ending.

It is an official term in China for cities whose economies were built on a specific natural resource (like coal) that has now been completely mined or used up.

Yes, but it is very strong. It means you are totally burnt out and cannot work anymore. It’s more formal than saying '我累死了' (I'm tired to death).

Yes, it appears in classical texts to describe droughts. The characters themselves are very old.

'完' just means 'finished'. '枯竭' means the *source* that produces the thing is empty. If you drink a glass of water, it's '喝完了'. If the well has no more water to give, it's '枯竭了'.

Yes, as in '枯竭的水源' (the dried-up water source).

It is the Chinese equivalent of 'writer's block' or 'creative burnout'. It is a very common phrase among artists and writers.

Usually, yes. It implies a terminal state. However, in some contexts like '资金枯竭', you could theoretically get more money, but the word emphasizes that the current supply is totally gone.

It is generally considered an HSK 5 or HSK 6 word (Upper Intermediate to Advanced).

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