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How to Talk to Aliens
آمار یادگیری
سطح CEFR
سختی
زیرنویسها (589 بخشها)
[Michael] Where is everyone?
We have been listening for messages from outer space
for more than half a century,
and so far...
silence.
Why?
Are we truly alone in the universe?
Or is everyone else acting like us
and just doing a lot of listening?
Maybe we need to be louder.
Maybe we need to send more messages out there.
But how do you write a letter to an extraterrestrial
whose language and culture and biology and mind
we have no concept of?
And what do you say?
And given all of the unknowns about what they might be,
should we say anything at all?
♪♪
Ever since I was a kid,
I've wanted to design a message
that is sent to outer space.
A sort of hello from Earth to whatever extraterrestrials
might be out there.
I mean, come on, to be the author of the first thing
aliens ever heard from our entire planet
would be a fantastic honor.
And as it turns out,
an opportunity to send a message to space
has been given to me.
But it might be a waste of time.
What if there isn't anything or anyone out there to receive it?
The fact that we still have no evidence
of intelligent alien life
despite the high probability that such life exists,
is called the Fermi paradox.
And there are many entertaining theories
that attempt to explain it.
One explanation is the theory
that whenever two civilizations meet,
destruction always results.
Which is why in 2015,
several prominent experts wrote a letter
warning against making any contact at all.
[Stephen Hawking]
Ideas like that suggest that perhaps we should remain silent,
send no messages to space.
But Doug Vakoch disagrees.
He is the president of METI,
an organization that, despite all of these concerns,
is nonetheless actively messaging
extraterrestrial intelligence.
If I want to design a message for life out there,
I should talk to him first.
Why isn't he afraid?
I met up with Doug
at the Chabot Observatory,
home to the largest public refractor telescope
in the Western United States.
-[Douglas] So here we are. -[Michael] Wow.
[Douglas] Yeah.
This was one of the prime telescopes of a century ago.
This is really an antique.
[Michael] Jeez! I've seen so many observatories
and so many big telescopes in pictures.
Believe it or not, I've never been this close to one.
[Douglas] This is a huge instrument,
and yet it's balanced too exquisitely.
I'm like a super person. Oh!
[Douglas laughs]
It had quite a bit of momentum there.
I'm scared to look.
I'm telling you, I had no idea I would have this feeling,
-seeing a telescope this big. -[Douglas] Well, it is, it is.
Can I handle what I would see?
I think you can. I think you can.
You just take a look.
Ah-ha.
-Absolutely nothing. -[Douglas] Not tonight.
-Because of the fog. -Because of the fog.
[Michael] Just the fog coming in is pretty darn cool.
The universe has existed
longer than we have,
but we've only been actively listening for life out there
for the last half century.
In 1960, astronomer Frank Drake began the search
with a 85-foot radio telescope.
He scanned for interstellar radio waves,
but did not detect any recognizable signals.
Soon after, SETI, or Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence,
was formed to continue our search
for other life in the universe.
[Mission Control] Liftoff.
[Michael] Besides just listening,
we've also launched physical messages
like the Golden Records we put aboard
both Voyager spacecraft in 1977.
The records were recordings of images and sounds from Earth
that told a story of who we are as Earthlings,
as well as coded instructions on how to play them back.
Today, Doug and his team at METI
are on a mission to send new messages to the stars.
Thank you for taking some time to have a conversation with me.
My first question is simply this:
where is everyone?
Are we alone?
I don't think so.
You know, we've been looking
for over 60 years.
And so that leads some people to say we must be alone.
The reality is, though,
we have just begun the search.
I mean, we've looked at a few tens of thousands of stars,
and there are 400 billion stars in our galaxy alone.
Billions of galaxies in the universe.
So I think we just need to keep on looking.
When you put it that way,
it actually isn't that surprising, is it?
I mean, we are still discovering species on our own planet today.
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