B2 Case System 1 min read Moyen

Dative Case Markers (কে - ke, রে - re)

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use `-ke` (কে) to mark the recipient of an action or a specific person being acted upon.

  • Add `-ke` to people receiving things: 'আমাকে দাও' (Give it to me).
  • Use `-ke` for specific living direct objects: 'ছেলেটিকে ডাকো' (Call the boy).
  • Use `-re` in very casual or poetic settings: 'তারে ধর' (Catch him/her).
👤 (Person) + কে/রে (ke/re) ➡️ 🎁 (Action/Object)

Pronoun Dative Declension

Person Nominative (Subject) Dative (Standard) Dative (Casual/Poetic)
1st (Singular)
আমি (I)
আমাকে (To me)
আমারে
1st (Plural)
আমরা (We)
আমাদেরকে (To us)
আমাদেরে
2nd (Familiar)
তুমি (You)
তোমাকে (To you)
তোমারে
2nd (Intimate)
তুই (You)
তোকে (To you)
তোর রে / তোরে
2nd (Formal)
আপনি (You)
আপনাকে (To you)
N/A
3rd (Neutral)
সে (He/She)
তাকে (To him/her)
তারে
3rd (Formal)
তিনি (He/She)
তাঁকে (To him/her)
N/A
3rd (Plural)
তারা (They)
তাদেরকে (To them)
তাদেরে

Common Contractions in Speech

Full Form Spoken/Short Form Context
আমাকে
আমায় (amay)
Songs/Poetry
তোমাকে
তোমায় (tomay)
Songs/Poetry
তাকে
তায় (tay)
Rare/Dialectal
কাকে
কায় (kay)
Archaic/Poetic

Meanings

The dative case markers `-ke` and `-re` indicate the indirect object (the recipient) or a definite animate direct object in a sentence.

1

Indirect Object (Recipient)

Used to mark the person to whom something is given, told, or shown.

“শিক্ষক ছাত্রকে প্রশ্ন করলেন।”

“মা শিশুকে দুধ দিচ্ছেন।”

2

Definite Animate Direct Object

Used when a specific person or living being is the direct object of a verb.

“আমি পুলিশকে ডাকব।”

“তুমি কি মিতাকে চেনো?”

3

Experiencer Subject

Used in 'dative subject' constructions where the person is experiencing a feeling or necessity.

“আমাকে যেতে হবে।”

“তোমাকে ভালো লাগছে।”

4

Informal/Poetic Recipient

The marker '-re' replaces '-ke' for emotional emphasis, intimacy, or in folk literature.

“তারে আমি চোখে দেখিনি।”

“মনরে আমার শোন।”

Reference Table

Reference table for Dative Case Markers (কে - ke, রে - re)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Noun/Pronoun + কে
রহিমকে ডাকো। (Call Rahim.)
Negative
Noun/Pronoun + কে + Negative Verb
তাকে মেরো না। (Don't hit him.)
Interrogative
কাকে + Verb?
কাকে দেব? (To whom shall I give?)
Definite Object
Noun + টি/টা + কে
বইটিকে সরাও। (Move the book - specific.)
Modal Necessity
Pronoun + কে + Verb-te + হবে
আমাকে খেতে হবে। (I have to eat.)
Casual/Poetic
Pronoun + রে
তারে ভালোবাসি। (I love him/her.)
Plural Dative
Noun + দের + কে
ছেলেদেরকে বলো। (Tell the boys.)
Reflexive
নিজে + কে
নিজেকে দেখো। (Look at yourself.)

Spectre de formalité

Formel
তাঁকে দিন। (Tāṅkē dina)

তাঁকে দিন। (Tāṅkē dina) (Giving an object)

Neutre
তাকে দাও। (Tākē dā'ō)

তাকে দাও। (Tākē dā'ō) (Giving an object)

Informel
তারে দে। (Tārē dē)

তারে দে। (Tārē dē) (Giving an object)

Argot
তারে ঝেড়ে দে। (Casual/Slang context)

তারে ঝেড়ে দে। (Casual/Slang context) (Giving an object)

The Roles of -ke

-কে (ke)

Recipient

  • আমাকে দাও Give to me

Specific Person

  • পুলিশকে ডাকো Call the police

Necessity

  • তোমাকে যেতে হবে You must go

Standard vs. Casual

Standard (-ke)
তাকে To him (Neutral)
Casual/Poetic (-re)
তারে To him (Intimate/Song)

Should I use -ke?

1

Is the object a person?

YES
Use -ke
NO
Next question
2

Is it a specific thing?

YES
Use -ke (optional)
NO
No marker

Dative Pronoun Family

👤

Singular

  • আমাকে
  • তোমাকে
  • তাকে
👥

Plural

  • আমাদেরকে
  • তোমাদেরকে
  • তাদেরকে

Exemples par niveau

1

আমাকে জল দাও।

Give me water.

2

মাকে বলো।

Tell mother.

3

তাকে ডাকো।

Call him/her.

4

তোমাকে ধন্যবাদ।

Thank you (to you).

1

আমি শিক্ষককে চিনি।

I know the teacher.

2

ছেলেটিকে একটি কলম দাও।

Give the boy a pen.

3

আমাদেরকে সাহায্য করুন।

Please help us.

4

কাকে খুঁজছেন?

Who are you looking for?

1

আমাকে আজই যেতে হবে।

I have to go today.

2

পুলিশ চোরটিকে ধরেছে।

The police caught the thief.

3

তোমাকে খুব সুন্দর লাগছে।

You are looking very beautiful.

4

সবাইকে মিষ্টি দাও।

Give sweets to everyone.

1

তারে আমি চোখে দেখিনি, শুধু গান শুনেছি।

I haven't seen him with my eyes, only heard his songs.

2

অসহায় মানুষকে সাহায্য করা আমাদের কর্তব্য।

It is our duty to help helpless people.

3

তোমাকে দিয়ে এই কাজ হবে না।

This work won't be done by you.

4

তাকে দেখে মনে হলো সে খুব খুশি।

Looking at him, it seemed he was very happy.

1

ভাগ্যিস আমাকে সময়মতো জানিয়েছিলেন!

Thank goodness you informed me on time!

2

তারে ভোলা যায় না কোনোমতেই।

He/She cannot be forgotten by any means.

3

কর্তৃপক্ষকে বিষয়টি গুরুত্ব সহকারে বিবেচনা করতে হবে।

The authorities must consider the matter seriously.

4

নিজেকে চেনা সবথেকে কঠিন কাজ।

Knowing oneself is the hardest task.

1

তারে ধরি ধরি মনে করি, ধরতে পারি না।

I think of catching Him (the Divine), but I cannot.

2

বিচক্ষণ ব্যক্তিকে উপদেশ দেওয়া নিষ্প্রয়োজন।

It is unnecessary to advise a wise person.

3

আর্তমানবতাকে সেবা করাই পরম ধর্ম।

Serving suffering humanity is the ultimate religion.

4

তারে কি আর ফিরায় আনা যায়?

Can he/she ever be brought back?

Facile à confondre

Dative Case Markers (কে - ke, রে - re) vs Dative vs. Locative

Learners often use '-ke' for places because English uses 'to' for both people and destinations.

Dative Case Markers (কে - ke, রে - re) vs Dative vs. Genitive in Experiencer Subjects

Some feelings use 'amake' (Dative) and some use 'amar' (Genitive).

Dative Case Markers (কে - ke, রে - re) vs Definite vs. Indefinite Objects

When to use '-ke' for a direct object.

Erreurs courantes

আমি তুমিকে ভালোবাসি।

আমি তোমাকে ভালোবাসি।

Pronouns change their base before adding '-ke'. 'Tumi' becomes 'Toma-'.

বইকে দাও।

বইটা দাও।

Don't use '-ke' for inanimate objects unless they are specific/personified.

আমি জলকে চাই।

আমি জল চাই।

General objects of desire/need don't take '-ke'.

সে আমিকে বলেছে।

সে আমাকে বলেছে।

'Ami' must become 'Amake'.

আমি স্টেশনেকে যাচ্ছি।

আমি স্টেশনে যাচ্ছি।

Places take the locative (-te), not the dative (-ke).

তাকে বই দাও। (when meaning 'his book')

তার বই দাও।

Confusing Dative (to him) with Genitive (his).

সবাইকে এসো।

সবাই এসো।

Subjects of intransitive verbs like 'come' don't take '-ke'.

আমাকে ভাত খেতে চাই।

আমি ভাত খেতে চাই।

The verb 'chai' (want) takes a nominative subject, unlike 'hobe' (must).

মানুষকে মরণশীল।

মানুষ মরণশীল।

Generic subjects in 'to be' sentences don't take '-ke'.

তারে দাও (in a formal speech).

তাঁকে দিন।

Using the informal/poetic '-re' in a formal context is a register clash.

Structures de phrases

আমাকে ___ দিন।

তোমাকে ___ লাগছে।

তাকে ___ হবে না।

কাউকে ___ উচিত নয়।

Real World Usage

Texting a friend constant

আমারে কল করিস।

Ordering on Foodpanda very common

আমাকে ফোন দিন।

Job Interview occasional

আপনাকে ধন্যবাদ।

Asking for directions common

আমাকে একটু রাস্তাটা বলবেন?

Social Media (Facebook) very common

সবাইকে শুভকামনা!

Doctor's Appointment occasional

আমাকে ওষুধ দিন।

🎯

The Animacy Test

If you can't decide whether to use '-ke', ask: 'Is it alive?' If yes, and it's specific, use '-ke'.
⚠️

Avoid 'Place-ke'

Never use '-ke' for destinations. 'Going to London' is 'London-e', not 'London-ke'.
💬

The Power of '-re'

Use '-re' with very close friends to sound more 'native' and 'heartfelt', but never with your boss!
💡

Pronoun Oblique Base

Memorize the 'Toma-', 'Ama-', 'Ta-' bases. They are used for almost all case endings, not just '-ke'.

Smart Tips

Always check if they are specific. If you mean 'that person', add '-ke'.

আমি বন্ধু খুঁজছি। (I am looking for a friend - any friend) আমি বন্ধুকে খুঁজছি। (I am looking for the friend - a specific one)

Start the sentence with 'Amake' instead of 'Ami'.

আমি যেতে হবে। (Incorrect) আমাকে যেতে হবে। (Correct)

Listen for '-re' or '-ay' endings; they are almost always dative markers.

তাকে ডাকো। তারে ডাকো।

Always add '-ke' if they are the recipient of an action.

সবাই দাও। (Everyone give - subject) সবাইকে দাও। (Give to everyone - object)

Prononciation

/ke/

The 'ke' sound

The 'k' is unaspirated, like the 'k' in 'skill', not 'kill'.

/re/

The 're' sound

The 'r' is a soft flap, similar to the 'tt' in the American English 'better'.

Emphasis on Recipient

আ-মা-কে দাও (Emphasis on 'A-ma-ke')

Give it to ME, not someone else.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of '-ke' as the 'Key' that unlocks the person receiving the action.

Association visuelle

Imagine a giant golden key (কে) being handed to a person. The key represents the action or object reaching them.

Rhyme

Recipient is the one you see, always add a little '-ke'!

Story

A king wanted to give a gift. He didn't give it to the 'wall' (no -ke), he gave it to the 'Messenger-ke' (আমাকে/আপনাকে). The messenger then ran to the 'Queen-ke' (রানিকে).

Word Web

আমাকেতোমাকেতাকেকাকেসবাইকেকাউকেনিজেকে

Défi

Look around the room. Pick three people (or photos of people) and say one thing you would give to each using '-ke'.

Notes culturelles

In Kolkata, '-ke' is almost universal in speech. '-re' is heard mostly in songs or when mimicking older generations.

The use of '-re' is much more common in daily spoken Bengali in many parts of Bangladesh, adding a layer of warmth and local identity.

Baul singers use '-re' to address the 'Mon' (mind) or the 'Sain' (Lord), creating a spiritual, intimate connection.

The marker '-ke' is derived from the Old Indo-Aryan (Sanskrit) 'kṛte' (for the sake of) or the pronominal base 'ka-'.

Amorces de conversation

আপনি কাকে সবথেকে বেশি বিশ্বাস করেন?

আমাকে আপনার প্রিয় সিনেমা সম্পর্কে কিছু বলুন।

কাউকে সাহায্য করার শেষ অভিজ্ঞতাটি কেমন ছিল?

নিজেকে পাঁচ বছর পর কোথায় দেখতে চান?

Sujets d'écriture

Write about a gift you gave to someone. Who did you give it to? (Use -ke)
Describe your daily responsibilities. What must you do every day? (Use 'amake... hobe')
Write a short poem or song lyric using '-re' to express deep emotion.
Discuss the importance of helping the poor in society. (Use 'manush-ke')

Erreurs courantes

Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct

Test Yourself

Choose the correct dative form of 'I' (আমি). Choix multiple

___ একটি কলম দিন।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: আমাকে
'Amake' is the standard dative form of 'Ami'.
Fill in the blank with the correct marker.

আমি পুলিশ___ ডাকছি।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: কে
Police is a specific animate object, so it takes '-ke'.
Correct the mistake in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

আমি বইকে পড়ছি।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: আমি বই পড়ছি।
Inanimate objects like 'book' do not take '-ke'.
Change the sentence to use 'must' (hobe). Sentence Transformation

তুমি যাও। (You go)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: তোমাকে যেতে হবে।
Necessity with 'hobe' requires a dative subject.
Which of these uses '-re' correctly for a poetic effect? Grammar Sorting

Select the poetic sentence.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: তারে আমি চিনি।
'-re' is the poetic/casual variant of '-ke'.
Match the pronoun to its dative form. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A-তাকে, B-আপনাকে, C-তাদেরকে
Standard dative declensions.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

ক: এই চিঠিটা কার? খ: এটা ___ (to him) দাও।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: তাকে
Recipient of the letter needs the dative '-ke'.
Is this rule true or false? True False Rule

The marker '-ke' can be used for both people and inanimate objects like 'table'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
'-ke' is generally reserved for animate or personified objects.

Score: /8

Exercices pratiques

8 exercises
Choose the correct dative form of 'I' (আমি). Choix multiple

___ একটি কলম দিন।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: আমাকে
'Amake' is the standard dative form of 'Ami'.
Fill in the blank with the correct marker.

আমি পুলিশ___ ডাকছি।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: কে
Police is a specific animate object, so it takes '-ke'.
Correct the mistake in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

আমি বইকে পড়ছি।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: আমি বই পড়ছি।
Inanimate objects like 'book' do not take '-ke'.
Change the sentence to use 'must' (hobe). Sentence Transformation

তুমি যাও। (You go)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: তোমাকে যেতে হবে।
Necessity with 'hobe' requires a dative subject.
Which of these uses '-re' correctly for a poetic effect? Grammar Sorting

Select the poetic sentence.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: তারে আমি চিনি।
'-re' is the poetic/casual variant of '-ke'.
Match the pronoun to its dative form. Match Pairs

A: সে, B: আপনি, C: তারা

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A-তাকে, B-আপনাকে, C-তাদেরকে
Standard dative declensions.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

ক: এই চিঠিটা কার? খ: এটা ___ (to him) দাও।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: তাকে
Recipient of the letter needs the dative '-ke'.
Is this rule true or false? True False Rule

The marker '-ke' can be used for both people and inanimate objects like 'table'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
'-ke' is generally reserved for animate or personified objects.

Score: /8

FAQ (8)

Yes, especially for pets or specific animals like 'the tiger' (বাঘটিকে).

Not necessarily rude, but very informal. Use it with friends or children, but avoid it in professional settings.

'Amay' is a poetic contraction of 'amake' used mostly in songs and literature.

Both are used, but 'amake jete hobe' is the more formal dative construction for obligation.

Yes, it attaches to the plural marker '-der', resulting in '-derke' (e.g., chelederke).

No, time usually takes the locative '-e' or '-te' (e.g., 'shondhyay' - in the evening).

Yes, in many contexts like 'Give it for/to him'. However, 'jonno' is the specific word for 'for'.

Use 'shobai-ke' (সবাইকে).

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

English moderate

to / for / (Direct Object)

Bengali fuses the indirect object and definite direct object into one marker.

Spanish high

a (Personal A)

Bengali '-ke' is also used for 'to me/you' (indirect objects) without change.

German moderate

Dativ Case (dem/der)

Bengali doesn't have grammatical gender affecting the dative marker.

Japanese high

Particle に (ni)

Japanese 'ni' is also used for time and location, which Bengali '-ke' is not.

Arabic moderate

li- (لِـ)

Arabic 'li-' also indicates possession, whereas Bengali uses the genitive '-r' for that.

Chinese low

gěi (给)

Bengali is strictly SOV with suffixes, while Chinese is SVO/V-Preposition.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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