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B2 adjective 9 min de lecture

ανώτατος

highest in rank, status, or importance

At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'ανώτατος' often, but it is helpful to know it means 'the very top' or 'the highest'. Think of it like a ladder. If you are at the bottom, you are 'χαμηλά'. If you go up, you are 'ψηλά'. The very last step at the top is the 'ανώτατο' step. At this level, you might see it on signs, like a 'speed limit' sign which might say 'ανώτατο όριο'. Even though it is a long word, you can remember it by looking at the first part 'ανω-', which means 'up'. Just like 'up' in English, it tells you that something is high. You will mostly see the masculine form 'ανώτατος', the feminine 'ανώτατη', and the neuter 'ανώτατο'. Don't worry about the complex grammar yet; just remember that it is a formal way to say 'the most high'. For example, if you see 'ανώτατο' on a price tag in a market (though rare), it means that is the most you can pay. It is a very 'strong' word. Most of the time, at A1, you will use 'πολύ ψηλός' (very tall/high) instead. But keep 'ανώτατος' in your mind for when you see official buildings or important titles in Greece. It is a word that shows respect and importance. Imagine a king or a queen; they are at the 'ανώτατο' level of their country. This will help you visualize the meaning of the word without getting lost in the difficult Greek grammar rules that come later.
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As an A2 learner, you are starting to see how Greek words are built. 'Ανώτατος' comes from 'άνω' (up). At this level, you should recognize that this word is used for 'maximums' or 'highest ranks'. You might hear it in news snippets or see it in simple reading passages about Greek schools. A very common phrase you will see is 'Ανώτατο Εκπαιδευτικό Ίδρυμα' (AEI), which is the Greek way of saying 'University'. If you are planning to study in Greece, this is a word you must know. You should also start to notice that the ending changes based on the noun. 'Ο ανώτατος' (masculine), 'Η ανώτατη' (feminine), 'Το ανώτατο' (neuter). At A2, you can use it in simple sentences like 'Το ανώτατο όριο είναι 100' (The highest limit is 100). You are moving beyond just saying 'big' or 'high' and starting to use more specific, formal words. This word helps you sound more serious. Another place you might see it is in sports, talking about the 'ανώτατη βαθμολογία' (highest score). It is a good word to use when you want to be very clear that there is nothing higher than what you are talking about. Practice saying it slowly: a-NO-ta-tos. The stress is on the 'o'. Even if you don't use it in every conversation, being able to recognize it in a text will help you understand that the topic is something official or very important. It is like the word 'Supreme' in English.
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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'ανώτατος' in specific formal contexts. You are now expected to understand that Greek has different ways of expressing the superlative. While you usually say 'ο πιο ψηλός' (the tallest), 'ανώτατος' is a special type of superlative that doesn't need the word 'πιο'. It is an 'absolute' superlative. You will use it when talking about the Greek government, the education system, or professional hierarchies. For example, 'Ο ανώτατος άρχων της χώρας είναι η Πρόεδρος' (The supreme leader of the country is the President). You should also be able to use it in the plural: 'Τα ανώτατα στελέχη της εταιρείας' (The top executives of the company). At B1, you start to see the difference between 'ανώτερος' (higher/superior) and 'ανώτατος' (highest/supreme). If you are writing a letter or a formal email, using 'ανώτατος' shows that you have a good grasp of formal Greek. You should also be aware of the 'ανώτατο όριο ταχύτητας' (maximum speed limit) when driving or discussing travel. This word is very common in documents and official announcements. A good exercise for B1 is to try and replace 'πολύ υψηλός' with 'ανώτατος' in formal sentences to see if it fits. Remember, it's not for physical height of people, but for rank and limits. If you are talking about a mountain, you can say 'η ανώτατη κορυφή' to sound more poetic, but 'η πιο υψηλή κορυφή' is more common. Focus on using it for institutions and official rules.
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At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'ανώτατος' with precision and understand its nuances. This word is a key part of the 'formal register' (επίσημο ύφος). You should know that it is frequently used in the names of Greek institutions, such as the 'Ανώτατο Συμβούλιο Επιλογής Προσωπικού' (ASEP) or the 'Ανώτατο Δικαστήριο'. You should be able to discuss complex topics like the hierarchy of the legal system or the structure of a large corporation using this vocabulary. For instance, you might say, 'Η υπόθεση έφτασε μέχρι το ανώτατο δικαστήριο' (The case reached the supreme court). You should also understand its use in defining boundaries, such as 'ανώτατη τιμή' (ceiling price) in economics. At B2, you should also be careful not to confuse 'ανώτατος' with its synonyms like 'ύψιστος' or 'κορυφαίος'. While 'κορυφαίος' describes someone who is the best at what they do (like a 'κορυφαίος χειρουργός'), 'ανώτατος' describes their position in a formal structure (like an 'ανώτατος διευθυντής'). You should also be comfortable with the declension of the word in all cases, especially the genitive, which is common in formal titles: 'των ανωτάτων εκπαιδευτικών ιδρυμάτων'. Your ability to use 'ανώτατος' correctly in an essay or a formal presentation will significantly improve your score in the 'lexical range' category. It shows that you can move beyond basic vocabulary and handle the technical language of Greek administration and law.
For C1 learners, 'ανώτατος' is a word that you should not only use correctly but also understand its historical and stylistic implications. You should be aware that this synthetic superlative (ending in -τατος) is a hallmark of 'Katharevousa' (the purified, formal version of Greek used in the past) that has been successfully integrated into Modern Standard Greek. In your writing, you can use 'ανώτατος' to create a tone of absolute authority. You should understand its use in abstract philosophical or political contexts, such as 'η ανώτατη βούληση' (the supreme will) or 'η ανώτατη εξουσία' (the supreme power). You should also be able to identify its use in specific idiomatic or semi-fixed expressions like 'ανώτατα μαθηματικά' (higher mathematics) or 'ανώτατη εποπτεία' (supreme supervision). At this level, you should be able to contrast 'ανώτατος' with 'κατώτατος' in socio-economic discussions, such as the gap between the 'ανώτατα' and 'κατώτατα' social strata. Your understanding of the word should extend to its role in the Greek Constitution and legal framework. You should also be able to use it in its adverbial form 'ανωτάτω' in very formal or archaic expressions, although this is rare in modern speech. Mastery at C1 means knowing exactly when 'ανώτατος' is the only appropriate word and when it might sound too 'stiff', allowing you to choose a more modern alternative like 'κορυφαίος' or 'πρώτος' depending on your intended audience and purpose.
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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'ανώτατος' should be absolute. You should understand the subtle rhetorical effects of choosing this word over 'ύψιστος' or 'μέγιστος'. While 'ύψιστος' often carries a metaphysical or highly emotional charge, 'ανώτατος' is the word of the state, the law, and the institution. You should be able to analyze texts that use 'ανώτατος' to establish a hierarchy of values or power. For example, in a political science context, you might discuss 'την ανώτατη κυριαρχία του λαού' (the supreme sovereignty of the people). You should also be familiar with the word's appearance in classical literature and how its meaning has remained remarkably stable over millennia. In professional environments, you should use 'ανώτατος' to describe the highest levels of strategic planning and decision-making ('ανώτατο επίπεδο στρατηγικής'). You should also be able to handle the word in complex grammatical constructions, such as when it is used substantively: 'οι ανώτατοι' (the those at the top/the high-ranking officials). Your use of the word should reflect a deep understanding of Greek 'high' culture and administrative traditions. Furthermore, you should be able to explain to others the difference between the 'relative superlative' (ο πιο υψηλός) and the 'absolute superlative' (ανώτατος) and why the latter is preferred in formal Greek to convey a sense of objective, structural supremacy rather than a simple comparison. At C2, 'ανώτατος' is not just a vocabulary word; it is a tool for precise, authoritative, and sophisticated communication.
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Exemples

ανώτατος en 30 secondes

  • The word describes the absolute highest point or rank in a system.
  • It is a formal adjective commonly used in law, education, and government.
  • It functions as an absolute superlative, meaning 'supreme' or 'maximum'.
  • It must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies.
The Greek adjective ανώτατος (anótatos) is the absolute superlative form of the adverb άνω, which means 'up' or 'above'. In the grand architecture of the Greek language, this word represents the absolute peak of any given hierarchy, whether that hierarchy is physical, social, academic, or legal. When you encounter ανώτατος, you are not just looking at something high; you are looking at the highest possible point within a specific system. It is important to distinguish this from the comparative form, ανώτερος (higher), which implies a relationship between two things. Ανώτατος is definitive and final.
Hierarchical Supremacy
This term is most frequently used to describe the top tier of institutions. For instance, universities in Greece are officially called 'Ανώτατα Εκπαιδευτικά Ιδρύματα' (Higher/Highest Educational Institutions). Using this word immediately signals a level of prestige and officiality.
Legal and Political Authority
In the legal system, the 'Supreme Court' is translated as 'Ανώτατο Δικαστήριο'. It signifies that there is no higher authority to which one can appeal. Similarly, an 'ανώτατος άρχων' refers to the supreme leader or the President of the Republic, emphasizing the ultimate nature of their constitutional role.
Physical and Abstract Limits
Beyond institutions, the word is used for limits, such as 'ανώτατο όριο ταχύτητας' (maximum speed limit) or 'ανώτατη τιμή' (ceiling price). It defines the boundary that cannot or should not be exceeded.
Historically, the suffix -τατος is a remnant of Ancient Greek grammar used to form absolute superlatives. While many modern Greek adjectives use the periphrastic form (the word 'πιο' followed by the adjective), ανώτατος is a 'synthetic' superlative that has survived because of its strong presence in formal and technical registers.

Η απόφαση ελήφθη από το ανώτατο συμβούλιο της εταιρείας, υπογραμμίζοντας τη σημασία της για το μέλλον του οργανισμού.

This word is not typically used for physical height in an everyday sense—you wouldn't call a tall person ανώτατος. Instead, you would use ψηλός or πανύψηλος. Ανώτατος is reserved for status, rank, and institutional gravity. In summary, use this word when you want to convey that something is at the very top of a ladder, whether that ladder is made of power, education, or mathematics. It carries a tone of authority and finality that simpler adjectives lack.
Using ανώτατος correctly requires an understanding of Greek adjective agreement. Like all standard adjectives ending in -ος, it must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies. The forms are ανώτατος (masculine), ανώτατη (feminine), and ανώτατο (neuter).
Attributive Position
In most formal contexts, the adjective precedes the noun. For example, 'το ανώτατο όριο' (the highest limit). This is the most common pattern in administrative and legal Greek. It emphasizes the quality as an inherent characteristic of the noun.
With the Definite Article
Because ανώτατος is already a superlative, the use of the definite article ('ο', 'η', 'το') makes it a relative superlative in meaning (the highest of all). Without the article, it can function as an absolute superlative (very high/supreme).
When discussing education, the phrase 'Ανώτατη Εκπαίδευση' is a fixed term. You cannot substitute it with 'Υψηλή Εκπαίδευση' because the latter would sound like a literal translation from English and would not be recognized as the official term for university-level schooling.

Οι φοιτητές της ανώτατης σχολής καλών τεχνών οργάνωσαν μια εντυπωσιακή έκθεση στο κέντρο της Αθήνας.

In mathematical or scientific contexts, you will often see it used to define maximum values. 'Η ανώτατη τιμή της συνάρτησης' means 'the maximum value of the function'. Here, the word is technical and precise. For learners at the B2 level, it is vital to practice using this word in the genitive case, as it often appears in titles: 'Το Συμβούλιο της Επικρατείας είναι το ανώτατο διοικητικό δικαστήριο'. Notice how the adjective remains in the nominative/accusative neuter form to match 'δικαστήριο'.

Το ανώτατο όριο ταχύτητας στον αυτοκινητόδρομο είναι εκατόν τριάντα χιλιόμετρα την ώρα.

Finally, consider the register. While you might use 'πιο ψηλά' in a casual conversation about where to hang a picture, you must use ανώτατος when writing a formal report, an academic essay, or a legal document. It provides a level of precision and sophistication that marks you as an advanced speaker of the Greek language.
You will encounter ανώτατος in several specific domains of Greek life. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize the word's weight and significance.
The Educational Sector
In Greece, the distinction between 'Ανώτερη' and 'Ανώτατη' education was historically significant. 'Ανώτατη' (Highest) refers to Universities and Polytechnics (AEI), whereas 'Ανώτερη' (Higher) used to refer to technical colleges (TEI). Although the system has evolved, the term 'Ανώτατη Εκπαίδευση' remains the standard way to refer to university-level studies.
Mass Media and News
News broadcasts frequently use this word when reporting on governmental or judicial decisions. You will hear about 'ανώτατα κυβερνητικά στελέχη' (top government officials) or 'το ανώτατο δικαστικό συμβούλιο'. It adds a layer of seriousness to the reporting.
Military and Police
In the armed forces, 'ανώτατοι αξιωματικοί' are the general officers (Generals, Admirals, Air Marshals). This is a formal classification in the military hierarchy. If you are reading a historical account of a war or a modern news story about defense, this term is indispensable.

Σύμφωνα με την ανώτατη ηγεσία του στρατού, η άσκηση ολοκληρώθηκε με απόλυτη επιτυχία.

Another common place is in bureaucracy. The 'Ανώτατο Συμβούλιο Επιλογής Προσωπικού' (ASEP) is the independent body responsible for recruiting staff for the Greek civil service. Every Greek adult knows this acronym and the 'Ανώτατο' in its name emphasizes its role as the final arbiter of fairness in hiring. In business, 'ανώτατα στελέχη' refers to C-suite executives like the CEO, CFO, and COO. When reading business news in 'Kathimerini' or 'Naftemporiki', you will see this term used to describe the leadership of major corporations.

Η εταιρεία αναζητά ανώτατα στελέχη με διεθνή εμπειρία στον τομέα της τεχνολογίας.

Finally, in sports, while less common than in law or education, you might hear of an 'ανώτατο όριο' regarding salaries or points, though 'μέγιστο' is a strong competitor in this specific field. Understanding ανώτατος is about understanding the structures of authority in Greek society.
Learners of Greek often struggle with ανώτατος due to its formal nature and its relationship with other similar-sounding words. The most frequent error is the confusion between ανώτατος (superlative - highest) and ανώτερος (comparative - higher).
Comparative vs. Superlative
Saying 'είναι ο ανώτερος βαθμός' when you mean 'it is the highest grade possible' is technically incorrect, though understandable. 'Ανώτερος' implies it is higher than something else, whereas 'ανώτατος' means it is the absolute ceiling. In a hierarchy of three levels, the middle one is 'ανώτερος' than the first, but only the third is 'ανώτατος'.
Physical vs. Hierarchical Height
A common mistake is using ανώτατος to describe a tall building or a high mountain. While 'ανώτατη κορυφή' (highest peak) is possible in a poetic or geographical context, normally you would use 'ψηλότερη κορυφή'. Using ανώτατος for a person's height ('είναι ανώτατος άντρας') is completely wrong and sounds very strange to native speakers.

Λάθος: Ο Όλυμπος είναι το ανώτατο βουνό της Ελλάδας. Σωστό: Ο Όλυμπος είναι το ψηλότερο βουνό της Ελλάδας.

Another mistake involves gender agreement, especially with feminine nouns that end in '-ος' (which are rare but exist in formal Greek) or when the noun's gender isn't immediately obvious. For example, 'η ανώτατη αρχή' (the highest authority) is feminine, but some learners might mistakenly say 'το ανώτατο αρχή' because they associate 'αρχή' with a neuter concept. Confusion also arises with the word 'ύψιστος'. While 'ύψιστος' also means 'highest', it is often used for abstract values like 'ύψιστη τιμή' (highest honor) or 'ο Ύψιστος' (The Most High, referring to God). Ανώτατος is more secular and institutional.

Προσοχή: Μην συγχέετε το ανώτατο όριο με το μέσο όρο. Το ένα είναι το ταβάνι, το άλλο είναι η μέση τιμή.

Finally, learners sometimes forget that ανώτατος is an absolute superlative and try to add 'πιο' in front of it ('πιο ανώτατος'). This is a double superlative and is grammatically redundant and incorrect. You are already at the top; you cannot be 'more top'.
To truly master ανώτατος, you must see how it sits alongside its synonyms and near-synonyms. Greek has a rich vocabulary for expressing 'height' and 'superiority'.
Ύψιστος (Ypsistos)
This is perhaps the closest synonym. It also means 'highest' but carries a more spiritual, philosophical, or emotional weight. While 'ανώτατο δικαστήριο' is institutional, 'ύψιστη θυσία' (supreme sacrifice) is emotional. You hear 'ύψιστος' in religious contexts or when talking about supreme ideals like freedom.
Κορυφαίος (Koryfaios)
Derived from 'κορυφή' (peak/summit), this word is used for people who are at the top of their field. A 'κορυφαίος επιστήμονας' is a top scientist. While 'ανώτατος' describes a position in a hierarchy, 'κορυφαίος' describes quality and recognition. A 'κορυφαίος' actor isn't necessarily an 'ανώτατος' official.
Μέγιστος (Megistos)
Meaning 'greatest' or 'maximum'. This is often used for size, intensity, or quantity. 'Η μέγιστη ταχύτητα' (maximum speed) is very similar to 'το ανώτατο όριο ταχύτητας', but 'μέγιστος' focuses on the magnitude, while 'ανώτατος' focuses on the hierarchical limit.

Σύγκριση: Ο ανώτατος υπάλληλος (rank) έναντι του κορυφαίου υπαλλήλου (performance).

For more casual contexts, Greeks use 'πρώτος' (first/top). In a sports league, the 'πρώτη ομάδα' is the one at the top of the table. 'Ανώτατος' would sound too formal here. If you are talking about the 'best' of something, 'άριστος' (excellent) is the way to go. In academic writing, you might see 'υπερκείμενος' (overlying/superior), but this is more technical and often refers to something physically or logically situated above something else.

Η ανώτατη εποπτεία του κράτους διασφαλίζει τη σωστή λειτουργία των θεσμών.

Choosing between these words depends on whether you are emphasizing rank (ανώτατος), quality (κορυφαίος), size (μέγιστος), or spiritual value (ύψιστος). Mastering these nuances is a hallmark of C1/C2 proficiency.
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Exemples par niveau

1

Το ανώτατο σημείο του τοίχου.

The highest point of the wall.

'Ανώτατο' is neuter because 'σημείο' is neuter.

2

Ο ανώτατος βαθμός είναι το 10.

The highest grade is 10.

'Ανώτατος' is masculine because 'βαθμός' is masculine.

3

Η ανώτατη τιμή είναι 5 ευρώ.

The highest price is 5 euros.

'Ανώτατη' is feminine because 'τιμή' is feminine.

4

Αυτό είναι το ανώτατο όριο.

This is the highest limit.

'Ανώτατο' is used here to mean 'maximum'.

5

Πήρε την ανώτατη βαθμολογία.

He/She got the highest score.

'Ανώτατη' modifies 'βαθμολογία'.

6

Το ανώτατο επίπεδο του παιχνιδιού.

The highest level of the game.

'Επίπεδο' is a common neuter noun used with this adjective.

7

Η ανώτατη ταχύτητα του αυτοκινήτου.

The highest speed of the car.

'Ταχύτητα' is feminine.

8

Είναι ο ανώτατος στην τάξη.

He is the highest (ranked) in the class.

Used substantively here to mean 'the top person'.

1

Σπούδασε σε ένα ανώτατο ίδρυμα.

He/She studied at a higher educational institution.

'Ίδρυμα' is neuter.

2

Το ανώτατο όριο ταχύτητας είναι 120.

The maximum speed limit is 120.

Common phrase in driving contexts.

3

Είναι ανώτατος υπάλληλος στην τράπεζα.

He is a high-ranking employee at the bank.

'Υπάλληλος' is masculine here.

4

Η ανώτατη σχολή καλών τεχνών.

The highest school of fine arts.

'Σχολή' is feminine.

5

Ζητούν το ανώτατο επίπεδο γνώσεων.

They ask for the highest level of knowledge.

'Επίπεδο' is neuter.

6

Το ανώτατο δικαστήριο θα αποφασίσει.

The supreme court will decide.

'Δικαστήριο' is neuter.

7

Η ανώτατη τιμή πώλησης.

The maximum selling price.

'Τιμή' means price here.

8

Αυτοί είναι οι ανώτατοι στόχοι μας.

These are our highest goals.

Plural masculine form 'ανώτατοι'.

1

Η ανώτατη ηγεσία του κόμματος συνεδριάζει.

The party's top leadership is meeting.

'Ηγεσία' is feminine and means leadership.

2

Πρέπει να σεβόμαστε την ανώτατη αρχή.

We must respect the highest authority.

'Αρχή' is feminine and means authority.

3

Το ανώτατο συμβούλιο απέρριψε την πρόταση.

The supreme council rejected the proposal.

'Συμβούλιο' is neuter.

4

Είναι ένα από τα ανώτατα στελέχη της Google.

He is one of the top executives at Google.

'Στελέχη' is neuter plural.

5

Η ανώτατη εκπαίδευση είναι δωρεάν στην Ελλάδα.

Higher education is free in Greece.

'Εκπαίδευση' is feminine.

6

Έφτασε στην ανώτατη βαθμίδα της ιεραρχίας.

He reached the highest step of the hierarchy.

'Βαθμίδα' means step or tier.

7

Το ανώτατο όριο ηλικίας για τον διαγωνισμό.

The maximum age limit for the competition.

'Όριο' means limit.

8

Η ανώτατη ποιότητα των υπηρεσιών μας.

The highest quality of our services.

'Ποιότητα' is feminine.

1

Ο Άρειος Πάγος είναι το ανώτατο δικαστήριο της Ελλάδας.

The Areopagus is the supreme court of Greece.

Refers to the judicial branch.

2

Η ανώτατη εποπτεία ανήκει στο Υπουργείο.

The supreme supervision belongs to the Ministry.

'Εποπτεία' means supervision.

3

Εφαρμόστηκε η ανώτατη ποινή που προβλέπει ο νόμος.

The maximum penalty provided by law was applied.

'Ποινή' means penalty or punishment.

4

Τα ανώτατα εκπαιδευτικά ιδρύματα της χώρας.

The country's higher educational institutions.

Formal name for universities.

5

Το ανώτατο όριο δαπανών δεν πρέπει να ξεπεραστεί.

The maximum spending limit must not be exceeded.

'Δαπανών' is genitive plural of expenses.

6

Ο ανώτατος άρχοντας της χώρας παρευρέθηκε στην τελετή.

The supreme leader of the country attended the ceremony.

Refers to the President.

7

Η ανώτατη τιμή του πετρελαίου φέτος.

The peak price of oil this year.

'Τιμή' as price.

8

Διαθέτει την ανώτατη δυνατή εμπειρία στον κλάδο.

He possesses the highest possible experience in the industry.

'Δυνατή' adds the meaning of 'possible'.

1

Η ανώτατη πνευματική ηγεσία του τόπου.

The highest intellectual leadership of the place.

'Πνευματική' means intellectual or spiritual.

2

Το ανώτατο όργανο διοίκησης της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης.

The supreme governing body of the European Union.

'Όργανο' here means body or organ.

3

Απαιτείται ανώτατος βαθμός συγκέντρωσης.

A supreme degree of concentration is required.

Used for abstract qualities.

4

Η ανώτατη αρχή της κυριαρχίας του λαού.

The supreme principle of the sovereignty of the people.

'Αρχή' as principle.

5

Είναι ανώτατος αξιωματικός της Πολεμικής Αεροπορίας.

He is a high-ranking officer of the Air Force.

'Αξιωματικός' means officer.

6

Η ανώτατη φάση της οικονομικής ανάπτυξης.

The highest phase of economic development.

'Φάση' means phase.

7

Το ανώτατο όριο ανοχής της κοινωνίας.

The maximum limit of society's tolerance.

'Ανοχής' is genitive of tolerance.

8

Η ανώτατη μορφή τέχνης κατά τον Αριστοτέλη.

The highest form of art according to Aristotle.

'Μορφή' means form.

1

Η ανώτατη εποπτεία του κράτους επί των ιδιωτικών σχολείων.

The supreme state supervision over private schools.

'Επί' with genitive means 'over'.

2

Το ανώτατο επίπεδο αφαίρεσης στη φιλοσοφική σκέψη.

The highest level of abstraction in philosophical thought.

'Αφαίρεσης' means abstraction.

3

Η ανώτατη δικαιοδοσία του διεθνούς δικαστηρίου.

The supreme jurisdiction of the international court.

'Δικαιοδοσία' means jurisdiction.

4

Αναζητώντας την ανώτατη αλήθεια μέσω της επιστήμης.

Seeking the ultimate truth through science.

'Αλήθεια' means truth.

5

Η ανώτατη ιεραρχία της Καθολικής Εκκλησίας.

The highest hierarchy of the Catholic Church.

'Ιεραρχία' means hierarchy.

6

Το ανώτατο στάδιο του ιμπεριαλισμού.

The highest stage of imperialism.

Historical/political term.

7

Η ανώτατη τιμή που μπορεί να αποδοθεί σε έναν ήρωα.

The highest honor that can be bestowed upon a hero.

'Τιμή' here means honor.

8

Η ανώτατη δυνατή ακρίβεια των μετρήσεων.

The highest possible precision of the measurements.

'Ακρίβεια' means precision.

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